Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism – Japan – Social aspects'
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Satoguchi, Kazue. "Ecotourism in Japan : prospects and challenges." Title page, table of contents and abstract, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs253.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 71-78. Prospects and challenges to ecotourism promotion are explored through a case study on Yakushima. Recommendations to national/local governments, the tourism industry, NPOs and local people are made forecotourism promotion in Japan
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Kosolap, N. Ye. "Social aspects of tourism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26076.
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Hulevskaya, Nataliya. "Economic, social and political aspects of sustainable tourism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8280.
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The definition of sustainable tourism was given in 1988 by World Trade Organization (WTO). Sustainable tourism satisfies present needs of the tourists and destinations by protecting and increasing opportunities for the future. Management of all resources should be carried out in such way, that satisfaction of economic, social and aesthetic needs provide preservation of cultural values, essential ecological processes, biological variety and system of life-support. The output of sustainable tourism is the production, which exists in the consent with local environment, community and culture in such a manner that it is of benefit, instead of damage to tourism development.
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Watkins, Leah, and n/a. "Culture, values and Japanese tourism behaviour." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070205.150926.
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While the role of culture as an influence on consumer behaviour and product/service choice has long been acknowledged, the current literature in marketing offers an incomplete understanding of how and why culture plays its influential role (Overby, Woodruff and Gardial 2005). Research suggests that values provide the link between culture and consumer behaviour and values have been the focus of much research in the social sciences. In particular, values have received significant attention in cross-cultural research, being used to characterise the similarities within and differences across cultures. Values are central to the marketing discipline as they determine value, i.e. what activities, interests, and material goods consumers identify with, enjoy, acquire, or consume (Grunert and Muller 1996). Both directly and indirectly, values drive consumption behaviour.
Typically, values have been assessed and compared through the use of standard measures such as Rokeach�s Value Survey, the List of Values and Schwartz�s Value Survey. Recent literature highlights growing concern over the application of standard measures across cultures and issues of cross-cultural invariance. There is a need for new research into cross-cultural applications of consumer value measures and theoretical models. This thesis critiques the use of Western conceptual paradigms and imposed etics in value research, and, using a Japanese tourism context, seeks a deeper understanding of how culture and values affect tourism consumption and experience.
This thesis offers an empirical test of the cross-cultural applicability of a commonly used values scale in consumer research, the List of Values (Kahle 1983). The findings of this phase of the research extend the literature concerning methodological issues in values research and highlight the limitiations of the LOV as a cross-cultural measure of values. Based on these findings the thesis adopts an alternative, qualitative methodology to investigate the relationship between Japanese culture, values and tourism behaviour in New Zealand. The findings of the second phase of the research contribute to a recent call in the literature for more qualitative research in tourism, and allow the identification and understanding of the key values relevant to Japanese tourism behaviour. The results of Means-End interviews with Japanese visitors reveal the important cultural assumptions informing values and shaping tourism decisions and behaviours for two key groups of Japanese tourists.
The theoretical framework presented in this thesis promotes our understanding of the relationship between cultural beliefs, values, and consumer behaviour. The results of the primary research highlight the importance of cultural and physical history, world-view, self-concept, thought patterns and language in the formation and interpretation of values. The thesis presents a holistic attempt at understanding Japanese culture, values and travel behaviour by examining how these concepts cohere in a logical framework. The thesis argues that, given the inherently cultural nature of values, their interpretation within the context of cultural beliefs is highly important in understanding variability in consumer behaviour across cultures.
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Key, Carol. "Cayes, Coral, Tourism and Ethnicity in Belize." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3239/.
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The development of tourism and more importantly eco-tourism has emerged as a primary objective for the government of Belize, Central America. This study examines two villages Seine Bight and Placencia located on a peninsula occupied by separate ethnic groups (Garifuna and Creole) that is located on a peninsula in Southern Belize. Seine Bight and Placencia are undergoing a change in economic activity to tourism. The study attempts to understand the role of ethnicity, socio-economic status, amount of contact with tourists, and the environment in regard to attitudes towards tourism utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. The study also attempts to understand the organization and disorganization of productive activity on the peninsula and ethnicity over space and time. The point of diffusion and contact of different groups is reflected archeologically and historically in the marine landscape. The peninsula served not only as a natural harbor for those sailing up and down the coastline over time but also served as a point of diffusion of different groups reflected in changing place names, such as Placentia, Point Patient, and Pasciencia.
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Matsuda, Misa. "Japanese tourists and Indonesia : images of Self and Other in the age of kokusaika (internationalization)." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114557.
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The case study in the following chapters has been inspired by both anthropology and
Asian studies as interdisciplinary area studies. It is a study of the way in which the
Other (the local people's lives and culture or the ’hosts') is represented in relation to
the meaning system of the Self (tourists1 or ’guests’) in the limited context of tourism.
This is studied through the representation of'Indonesia' in Japanese travel brochures,
paying particular attention to the the relationship between the self-image of Japanese
and the way in which they construct the Other.
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Chang, T. C. (Tou-Chuang). "Local uniqueness in the global village : heritage tourism in Singapore." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42000.
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It is commonly assumed that the development of tourist attractions, the formulation of tourism policies and the marketing of destination areas are dictated by the needs and interests of foreign visitors. What is ignored is the role that local factors and agencies bring to bear upon the process. This thesis is devoted to exploring the ways that local and non-local factors are responsible for shaping the form and function of tourism development. Drawing upon the case of Singapore, the thesis examines the country's heritage tourism phenomena as the outcome of 'local' and 'global' forces. This argument is elaborated along four lines of enquiry. They include a study of government policies on tourism, a look at entrepreneurs involved in heritage projects, an exploration of marketing and promotional strategies, and the examination of a particular urban landscape the Little India Historic District. To conceptualize the global-local nexus, the thesis adopts two bodies of theory. They are the 'locality concept' advanced by industrial geographers in the 1980s and writings on 'globalism-localism' by cultural/economic geographers in the 1990s. Both theoretical discussions reinforce the argument that place uniqueness is not necessarily sacrificed as a result of globalization. They also provide a way of viewing tourism geographies as the product of global and local forces.
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Bossy, Steve. "Academic pressure and impact on Japanese students." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35314.
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This study explores the tremendous pressure Japanese students must endure in the pursuit of academic achievement. It identifies the sources of student's pressure and discusses the cultural, social, and economic conditions that influence a fiercely competitive educational system. The focus of this study is the impact of academic pressures on Japanese students.Japanese education is a single-minded drive for achievement that results in what many refer to as examination hell. The university entrance examination is at the root of the pressures that are placed on students and is the primary mechanism responsible for driving competition. The life-long ramifications of students performance on this examination are far reaching. As a result, the pressures that are exerted upon students to achieve are overwhelming. Mothers, teachers, peers, and society contribute to the pressures that are placed on students to achieve, while many children continue to fall victim to emotional, psychological, and physical harm.
The study provides richly descriptive narrative accounts of student's experiences, thoughts and feelings seen from a student's perspective. The study gives voice to Japanese students and invites them to tell it like it is.
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Takahashi, Fumiko. "Integration and separation of immigrants in Japan : teachers' orientations to identity and culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53b34de4-6d8c-4079-82ba-857bdaf0e6f8.
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International Social Survey Programme 2003 found that about 90% of the people in Japan favour the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture, rather than their adaptation to the dominant majority's culture. It is outstandingly high percentage, compared internationally. The result is consistent with the fact that multicultural coexistence ("Tabunka kyosei") policy is welcomed in many local governments to support the immigrants. However, it contradicts to some academics' argument that Japan puts assimilative pressure to ethnic minorities. Therefore, this thesis analyses why the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture enjoys such outstanding support in Japan. The mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative study was used to solve this puzzle. International comparison based on the statistical analysis of national identity and attitude toward the ethnic minorities' culture revealed that (i) about 80% of the Japanese people have ethnic conceptualization of national identity, which is exceptionally high percentage than other countries, and (ii) the vast majority of both the people with ethnic and civic national identity favour the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture. Therefore, the qualitative analysis of interview data with schoolteachers of the immigrants' children were conducted to examine why, of which aspect and to what extent teachers expect the immigrants' children to maintain their ethnic identity and distinct culture, and expect them to adapt themselves to the dominant Japanese culture. It was found out that it is expected for the immigrants' children to maintain their ethnic minority identity and traditional culture in private, and to adapt themselves to group oriented and rule-based Japanese culture in public. However, such group orientated and rule-based culture is not regarded as "culture", but simply as "rules" to give an order to ethnic and cultural diversity. The findings of this thesis imply that multicultural coexistence is a new form of cultural nationalism in Japan ("tertiary nationalism"), meaning a nationalism which (i) has been brought about by confronting the growing ethnic and cultural diversity within a nation, particularly after '90s in Japan, and (ii) tries to preserve its rule-based culture and to spread it to the ethnic minorities by taking off its label of "culture", (iii) though not incorporating them to a member of a nation, but (iv) expecting them to maintain their ethnic identity and traditional culture in private.
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Alomari, Thabit. "Motivation and socio-cultural sustainability of voluntourism." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3295.
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Volunteer tourism (voluntourism) has been described as an alternative form of tourism to mass tourism. It has been suggested that understanding the motivations of voluntourists might lead to a better understanding of the socio-cultural dimension of voluntourism sustainability. The aim of this thesis is to identify the key motives of voluntourists and how these motives affect the socio-cultural sustainability of a society. Virtual ethnography, observation, and semi-structured interviews were employed in order to collect the research data from Eden Valley – a Canadian First Nation reserve, Global Citizen Network (GCN) – a voluntourism organiser, and voluntourists who took part in previous volunteering trips. The study found that authenticity, cultural concerns, the search for unique experience, helping the ‘other’, and self-healing are the key motives that drive travellers to participate in voluntourism projects. The data collected show that voluntourism has a greater positive socio-cultural impact on targeted communities than mass-tourism.viii, 122 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Sitanggang, Luciana. "Ecotourism management plan for Riung." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs623.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 102-105. Presents an ecological management plan for Riung to ensure that the unique environment and traditional culture are protected while ecotourism thrives. Provides strategies and actions; and designed as a model for an Indonesian ecotourism management plan.
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Mamadi, Masete. "A critical analysis of the effects of tourism on cultural representation: a case study from Leboeng." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Cultural tourism is a vehicle for economic growth. Cultural representations are made in order to make the cultural tourism sector a more vibrant one. Given this argument, research in cultural tourism should take a critical stance in the analysis of cultural representations. An understanding of the meaning of culture is necessary to analyse the comparison of daily life with cultural representations. Observing the daily lives of host communities creates a conductive environment for realising and understanding the gaps between tourists experiences and the daily realities of the host communities. This research analysed how people represent their culture to tourists through the sale of crafts and dance performances. The research was carried out in Leboeng village, on the border between Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces, near the small town of Ohrigstad.
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Sigo, N. E. "Analysing the social effects of tourism on residents: the case of Parys, South Africa." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/411.
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M-Tech Tourism ManagementResidents’ attitudes towards and opinions about tourism is important as they are the ones dealing directly or indirectly with tourists and the development of the industry. As one of the key stakeholders their support is needed to grow the industry in a sustainable manner. For South Africa as a developing country tourism is one of the focus areas of development. This growth is supported by a number of initiatives to create more (but also more sustainable) tourism destinations especially for small towns such as Parys (Free State; South Africa). The primary objective was to analyse the social effects of tourism and determine the factors influencing these effects on the local community of Parys, located in the province of the Free State. This was done by conducting an empirical study among residents in Parys. The questionnaire was developed based on similar research done in other communities. The questionnaires were captured in Microsoft Excel and analysed in the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 23.0). From a negative point of view residents highlighted the increase in prices of goods and services due to tourism development. From a positive perspective residents felt that the development of tourism lead to more opportunities for people to have fun, more tourists visit the area and the image of Parys has improved. From the factor analysis for social effects the following factors were evident: Business and community effects, Negative social effects, Opportunities for residents, Environmental effects and Cost of living effects. The latter two factors were rated the highest and thus residents felt that tourism lead to an effect on the environment and an effect on their cost of living. This should be monitored so that residents remain positive and do not start to blame tourists for negativities happening in Parys. When analysing the image of Parys from the perspective of the residents the factor analyses revealed three factors namely Infra- and suprastructure, Nature and cultural attractions and Hospitality of which they felt the strongest about the first and the last factor. Clearly from the results these residents enjoy staying in Parys, do not consider tourists to be a threat and welcomes visitors to the area. The social effects of tourism development is, to a certain extent, influenced by gender, language, level of education, age and number of years living in Parys. Overall it can be concluded that residents are fairly happy with tourists visiting Parys and the development taking place due to tourism. They are aware of the negative impacts but the positive impacts currently outweigh the negative impacts. It is recommended to include residents in the development process or at least keep them aware of what is happening, why it is happening and what opportunities it might bring to them. The results of this study differ from that of others indicating that communities are unique and there are unique aspects influencing their opinions regarding the social effects of tourism. The researcher recommended that the private and public sectors of Parys should continue their current practices to uphold the positive attitudes but also consider options where residents can become more involved in the development of the industry.
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Cheung, Po-tin Erik, and 張步田. "Cultural influences on attitudes towards mental illness in Asia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26813749.
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Aoyagi, Hiroshi. "Islands of eight million smiles, pop-idol performances and the field of symbolic production." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ46312.pdf.
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Gaughan, Tara J. "Selling the pearl : an analysis of the language used in the marketing of Hong Kong to tourists /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23424515.
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Croy, William Glen, and n/a. "The role of film in destination decision-making." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.155622.
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The purpose of this research is to create a method and measure the influence of fictional film media in potential tourists� destination decision-making, using a quasi-experimental method. Film tourism researchers have implied that film plays a direct role in generating tourism. In this research, however, it is proposed that film plays an indirect role through the construction of meaning of place, and therefore destination awareness, availability and evaluation.
A two-part multiphase quasi-experimental method was created and implemented to identify change in a destination�s image due to watching a film. Part One. was qualitative in nature and implemented to discover destination image attributes (evaluative components and decision-making factors) used in destination selection (survey n=202, in-depth interviews n=10). Part One concluded with the compilation of a list of relevant, clear and efficient attributes for Part Two. The list maintained sufficient diversity to define destination image, and was composed of 21 decision-making factors and 40 evaluative components. Part Two then measured the destination�s image, and change in that image due to watching a feature film (pre and post survey n=67). Change in this quasi-experimental method was assessed by the importance of the attributes being measured, the influence of the film on these attributes and most importantly the combined effect of the film on these attributes.
The Vertical Ray of the Sun, a film set in Vietnam, was used to apply and test this innovative quasi-experimental method. The application assessed not only the effect of the film on Vietnam�s image, but also the applicability of the method. The film positively influenced the respondents� image of Vietnam. The film had a measured effect on more than half of the attributes. That noted, the actual number of attributes affected to the marked level were 17 out of 61 for the difference in means and only 11 for the eta� value. Consequently, whilst the film positively affected the image of Vietnam, most of the attributes still needed significant change to modify tourism demand.
The thesis importantly contributed to the study of destination image methodologically by asserting the need to assess the importance, influence and effect. This new method can and should be implemented to assess and monitor the effects of many events. This research also contributed by introducing a quasi-experimental cumulative importance-influence measure of effect. The contribution was highlighted in that those attributes with a large influence did not always have a large effect on the destination�s image. Neither performance by itself, nor importance by itself, can be used as a final effect measure.
Finally, this research supports other film-induced tourism studies: film does influence destination image. As presented in more recent studies film-tourism is more likely to be an incidental experience than a reason to visit a place. These more recent studies too may underplay the role of film by focusing on film as an attraction or activity, rather than its role in the actual decision to visit. This research has contributed to film tourism research by highlighting that film can still play a role in the decision-making process, even though it may not be an attraction or a desired experience in itself.
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Zylberstein, Jonathan. "Translating terms and cultural aspects from English to Swedish in a social scientific text about gastronomy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26447.
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The present study deals with the translation of a text about tourism and gastronomy. The analysis focuses on the translation of cultural words and terminology. The aim of the study was to analyse the translation problems that may arise in an academic text dealing with tourism and gastronomy, and see what strategies are usable to handle these problems. The translation strategies that are used in the analysis are Vinay & Darbelnet’s (2008) and Newmark’s (1988). A number of different translation problems were addressed, for instance how to deal with borrowings and with cultural adaptations.
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Lin, Jiebin, and 林洁彬. "An anthropological study of the relationship between a female entrepreneur and her family in Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41634172.
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Menuez, Paolo Xavier Machado. "The Downward Spiral: Postmodern Consciousness as Buddhist Metaphysics in the Dark Souls Video Game Series." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4161.
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This paper is about locating the meaning of a series of games known as the Dark Souls series in relation to contemporary social conditions in Japan. I argue that the game should be thought of as an emblem of the current cultural zeitgeist, in a similar way one might identify something like Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums as an emblem of the counter cultural 60s. I argue that the Dark Souls series expresses in allegorical form an anxiety about living in a time where the meaning of our everyday actions and even society itself has become significantly destabilized. It does this through a fractured approach to story-telling, that is interspersed with Buddhist metaphysics and wrapped up in macabre, gothic aesthetic depicting the last gasping breath of a once great kingdom. This expression of contemporary social anxiety is connected to the discourse of postmodernity in Japan. Through looking at these games as a feedback loop between text, environment and ludic system, I connect the main conceptual motifs that structure the games as a whole with Osawa Masachi's concept of the post-fictional era and Hiroki Azuma's definition of the otaku.
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Chan, Fung-lin, and 陳鳳蓮. "Tourism in Shenzhen: an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953372.
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Holmlund, Emma, and Isabelle Donnerberg. "How does tourism affect the sociocultural aspects of the local community? : A Minor Field Study in Bali." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36043.
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The tourism industry is growing rapidly worldwide. In 2016, Bali, Indonesia, had a record year in tourism, and the industry is continuously growing. One can argue that tourism is a culture exploiter and disrupts traditional culture. Nevertheless, it can also revitalize culture. Since the tourism in Bali is based on the Balinese culture and traditions, the writers wanted to acquire a deeper understanding of how the locals look upon - does tourism affect their cultural traditions and can residents preserve their local culture? A qualitative method was used for this study. For the collecting of data the writers conducted semi-structured interviews. The result of the study was, according to the Balinese, that people in Bali have become more money oriented due to the development of tourism and that some ceremonies have lost their spiritual meaning. In addition, the writers found that the locals are continuously working on preserving their culture but the challenge is to preserve what is actually authentic Balinese.
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Ash, Terri. "The role of bed and breakfasts in heritage tourism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014806.
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The purpose of this thesis is to assess the role of bed and breakfasts (B & Bs) in heritage tourism and in the broader historic preservation movement. The thesis evaluates the relationship between B & Bs and heritage tourism, the factors that tend to make B & Bs successful, the role of historic buildings in the B & B industry, and B & Bs as an adaptive reuse strategy. It also identifies barriers that prevent B & Bs from playing a larger role in heritage tourism and historic preservation. The background of both the bed and breakfast and heritage tourism industries are presented. The primary sources for the research were actual bed and breakfast owners. Five B & B owners and their businesses, located throughout the state of Indiana, were selected as case studies. These case studies include: The Carole Lombard House in Fort Wayne, The Lantz House Inn in Centerville, Old Northside B & B in Indianapolis, the Victorian Guest House in Nappanee, and Maple Hill B & B in Middletown. A profile of each case study is presented which addresses some basic questions: why the owner opened the B & B, what type of rehabilitation work, if any, was necessary for the business, whether or not heritage tourism or historic preservation have played an important role in the success of the business, and how the owner believes the B & B has affected the surrounding area. Other sources consulted for thisresearch include professional associations and heritage tourism specialists, as well as a wide variety of publications. All sources are combined to draw conclusions regarding the relationship between B & Bs and heritage tourism. The value and success of B & Bs as a heritage tourism and preservation strategy is discussed, as is the importance of a building's historic character as a factor in a B & B's success as a business.Department of Architecture
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Roesch, Stefan, and n/a. "There and back again - comparative case studies of film location tourists� on-site behaviour and experiences." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080211.090920.
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Over the last decade, film location tourism has been established as a niche segment in the tourism industry. While this niche has attracted attention from both researchers and marketers alike, not much knowledge has been accumulated about the tourist encounter itself. It is the main purpose of this thesis to research on-site behavioural and experiential aspects of the film location encounter.
For the overall research design, an inductive, comparative case-study approach was implemented. Three cases were selected for this research: The Lord of the Rings locations in New Zealand, The Sound of Music locations in Austria and Star Wars locations in Tunisia. The applied methods are participant observation, image-based data and semi-structured interviews. The data collection was conducted while participating in organised film location tows in order to secure access to the informants.
The first fundamental outcome of this research is that there is no 'film location tourist' as such. People who travel to film locations come from different socio-economic backgrounds, comprise all age groups and possess varying degrees of fandom. The majority of film location tourists, however, have one thing in common, regardless of the underlying movie genre: the longing to connect with the imaginary world of the film by visiting the physical and thus 'real' location places. These places are consumed in two ways: as places of spectacle and as sacred places.
The nature of the location consumption is dependent on a number of factors, including the degree of fandom of the consumers, the attractiveness of the encountered locations, the consistency of the interpretive community, the amount and nature of external distortions and, if applicable, the structure of the location tour. Means of consumption of film locations as spectacle are formal posing, sight recordings and shot re-creations. When experiencing film locations as sacred places, shot re-creations, mental simulations and filmic re-enactments occur. The latter form of consumption can result in a symbiosis between the imaginary and the real place component: the gazing subject becomes the previously (photographed) object.
Regardless of the degree of experiential satisfaction, film location tourists want to bring some of the magic back home. This is achieved not only via mental pictures and physical photographs, but also through souvenirs. These can be off- or on-site. Regarding the latter, these souvenirs are almost holy relics, brought home from a successful pilgrimage and subsequently framed and displayed in an altar-like fashion. The benefits from this are not only self-pride and satisfaction, but also the distinction to other movie fans who have not been able to do the journey themselves. Thus, the person in possession of such a relic gains privileged status amongst peers which in turn raises the satisfaction with the location encounter.
The film location experience cycle comes to a full closure by re-watching the movie. This procedure involves a renewed connection to both the imaginary filmic places as well as the real locations visited. The filmic gaze is extended, as the movie scenes are now seen as part of a real place which extends beyond the filmic sight.
Keywords: Film location tourism - multiple, comparative on-site case study inquiry - film locations as spatial and temporal constructs - the film location tourist encounter - behavioural and experiential interactions with place.
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Hudack, Lawrence R. (Lawrence Ralph). "An Exploratory Investigation of Socio-Economic Phenomena that May Influence Accounting Differences in Three Diverse Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331531/.
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This dissertation attempts to provide an exploratory structure to respond to, and tries to resolve, an existing void in international accounting research. The void is a lack of coherently structured, nation-specific, descriptive research to investigate socio-economic phenomena which may influence financial accounting. This dissertation's salient features include a political economy theory, an exploratory, sociological method, and a case study format. The political economy of accounting, introduced by Tinker [1980] and refined by Cooper and Sherer [1984], emphasizes a persuasive social relations dimension. This theory motivates selection of three countries (the United States, France, and Japan) that appear to have divergent socio-cultural environments. An exploratory and analytical approach of modified (enlarged) exogenism, developed by Smith [1973, 1976] and adapted to accounting by McKinnon [1986], provides an analytic structure for this exploratory investigation. Modified exogenism focuses upon an open, dynamic social system (the process of financial accounting), and provides analysis reflecting four major areas (the environment, intrusive events, intra-system activity, and trans-system activity). After examining the nation-specific financial accounting (socio-economic) structures for each country, an analysis of selected financial disclosures attempts to gain a better understanding of how socio-economic factors have influenced the development of financial accounting. My primary objective is to attempt to provide some insight about ,how diverse socio-political factors have impacted the development of financial accounting in three countries. Library research of nation-specific literature attempts to extract a relatively accurate picture of social, political, and economic institutions and policies, and relates such findings to financial accounting processes for each nation. This dissertation attempts to provide a necessary foundation for future theoretical international accounting harmonization studies.
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Kim, Myung Hun. "A comparison of health technology adoption in four countries (Japan, Korea, the UK, and the US)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/166/.
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This research empirically examines and compares the adoption of health technologies through case studies. The health technologies under review are assisted reproductive technologies, cochlear implants, haematopoietic stem cell transplantations, caesarean section deliveries, Gamma knife units and kidney transplants in four countries: Japan, Korea, the UK and the US. The interactions between the micro factors of health technologies and the macro environment in the adoption of health technologies are examined on the basis of a literature review and analysis of data. The micro factors were evaluated in terms of economic, clinical and technical aspects. In assessing the macro factors, payment systems and regulations related to the selected health technologies were taken into account. To examine the micro factors, the results of health technology assessments in earlier studies were reviewed. In order to explore the macro factors, historical changes in the payment systems affecting the selected health technologies and legal regulations, including legislation, directives, guidelines and court orders related to the technologies, were investigated. The adoption level of health technologies was evaluated in time-series and cross-sectional terms, measuring the trend of technology adoption and comparing the experience of the four countries under review. This research suggests clustering health technologies into “welfare oriented technology” and “private benefit oriented technology” by considering the economic incentives of adopters, individual desires of consumers and public concern over the technology. Private benefit oriented technologies are those which adopters expect to increase income from the providers or which meet the personal desires of the consumers. For welfare oriented technology, the decision is dominated by the aims of public welfare. As the model predicted, the adoption of welfare oriented technologies was higher in the health systems under national planning, while that of private benefit oriented technologies was higher in the systems whose health provisions accept market conditions.
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Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole. "Building Social Sustainability from the Ground Up: The Contested Social Dimension of Sustainability in Neighborhood-Scale Urban Regeneration in Portland, Copenhagen, and Nagoya." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2330.
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In response to growing social inequality, environmental crises, and economic instability, sustainability discourse has become the dominant "master signifier" for many fields, particularly the field of urban planning. However, in practice many sustainability methods overemphasize technological and economic growth-oriented solutions while underemphasizing the social dimension. The social dimension of sustainability remains a "concept in chaos" drawing little agreement on definitions, domains, and indicators for addressing the social challenges of urban life. In contrast, while the field of public health, with its emphasis on social justice principles, has made significant strides in framing and developing interventions to target the social determinants of health (SDH), this work has yet to be integrated into sustainability practice as a tool for framing the social dimension. Meanwhile, as municipalities move forward with these lopsided efforts at approaching sustainability practice, cities continue to experience gentrification, increasing homelessness, health disparities, and many other concerns related to social inequity, environmental injustice, and marginalization. This research involves multi-site, comparative case studies of neighborhood-scale sustainability planning projects in Portland, U.S.; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Nagoya, Japan to bring to light an understanding of how the social dimension is conceptualized and translated to practice in different contexts, as well as the challenges planners, citizen participants, and other stakeholders encounter in attempting to do so. These case studies find that these neighborhood-scale planning efforts are essentially framing the social dimension in terms of principles of SDH. Significant challenges encountered at the neighborhood-scale relate to political economic context and trade-offs between ideals of social sustainability, such as social inclusion and nurturing a sense of belonging when confronted with diverse neighborhood actors, such as sexually oriented businesses and recent immigrants. This research contributes to urban social sustainability literature and sustainability planning practice by interrogating these contested notions and beginning to create a pathway for integration of SDH principles into conceptualizations of social sustainability.
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Soares, Cristiane de Souza. "Qualidade de vida, realidades e conflitos do turismo na paisagem litoranea : o caso de Saquarema - RJ." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281008.
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Orientador: Sonia Regina da Cal SeixasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Cienciaqs Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_CristianedeSouza_D.pdf: 5578782 bytes, checksum: 5c0bb6a82caf0e63c0cdb0aab45d6f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A relação turismo-meio ambiente-comunidade-sustentabilidade local vem se colocando cada vez mais permeada por conflitos, de tal modo, ser preciso empreender ações direcionadas ao equilíbrio entre a preservação cultural, ambiental, a qualidade de vida e a construção de alternativas econômicas de base local. A discussão sobre turismo x apropriação do espaço x qualidade de vida assume contornos relevantes à gestão pública municipal das cidades turísticas que possuem grande dificuldade para lidar com os problemas oriundos do excessivo fluxo de pessoas. O estudo de caso de um destino turístico litorâneo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, assume a legitimidade para a avaliação do paradigma da sustentabilidade, estabelecendo estratégias para a garantia da integridade do patrimônio ambiental e cultural local ancorando a formulação de políticas urbanas em bases mais sustentáveis. Os resultados alcançados na pesquisa nos conduziram à conclusão que a manutenção da cultura e da identidade local são primordiais à construção do comportamento do indivíduo-cidadão, pois estes se mostram como elementos estruturantes da coletividade que se constitui base primária para a busca da qualidade de vida.
Abstract: The relation local tourism-half environment-community-support comes if more placing each time confused by conflicts, in such way, necessary being to undertake actions directed to the balance between the cultural, ambient preservation, the quality of life and the construction of economic alternatives of local base. The quarrel on tourism x appropriation of space x quality of life assumes excellent contours to the municipal public administration of the tourist cities that possess great difficulty to the deal with deriving problems of the extreme flow of people. The study case of a littoral tourist destination of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, it assumes the legitimacy for the evaluation of the paradigm of the support, establishing strategies for the guarantee of the integrity of the ambient, patrimony and cultural place anchoring the formularization of urban politics in more sustainable bases. The results reached in the research had lead in them to the conclusion of that maintenance of the culture and local identity is primordial to the construction of the behavior of the individual-citizen, therefore these if they show as basics elements of the collective that if constitutes primary base for the search of the quality life.
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
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Yu, Xin 1956. "Conceptualising and assessing intercultural competence of tour guides : an analysis of Australian guides of Chinese tour groups." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5637.
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Максименко, І. О. "Соціально-культурні чинники розвитку турпослуг в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49293.
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Туризм являє собою один із каталізаторів розвитку суспільства. Він
уособлює в собі жагу до пізнання чогось нового і незвіданого або
вдосконалення знань, вже вивченого і побаченого. Соціальний чинник будує
відносини серед населення, а з допомогою культурної освіченості
формуються традиції та звичаї. Таким чином, дослідження соціально-
культурної сторони туризму України сприятиме розвитку та процвітанню
країни не лише на ринку послуг а і як держави загалом.
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Mofidian, Seyedehrashin. "Understanding Privacy Aspects Related to Location Based Services (LBS) in the Småland Tourism Industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99607.
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Digital technologies have a substantial impact on the tourism industry by affecting thetraveller's behaviour before, during and at the end of the trip and by transforming thetraditional travellers to the digital travellers and smart tourism. Data lies at the core ofall smart tourism activities and received considerable attention in the context of tourists'privacy concerns, precisely, location-based service (LBS). LBS is an example of smarttechnology to enhance travellers' experience and to provide significant benefits to users.Although, LBS become popular among tourists due to high information availability, easeof use, and cheapness, lack of location information protection make the users vulnerable.The latter is a great concern for users when they unintentionally allow the LBS providersto collect all information related to their location. Therefore, this study was conductedby focusing on the general concept of privacy to determine the issues related to the LBSusing in Småland tourism industry. The tourists' perceptions and understanding ofprivacy while using LBC were considered as a general concept of privacy.The study was performed through qualitative research by collecting data from thestructured-interview based on open-ended questions. The qualitative research presentedin this study was based on different viewpoints of interviewees. Thematic analysis wasused to obtain a comprehensive understanding of interviewees' privacy concerns to useLBS. The result indicated four major themes, such as personal information, privacybreach, hesitancy/conditionally and hedonic, that impact differently on tourists' intentionto use LBS. Furthermore, the personality of people, their perceptions and demands couldenhance their privacy concerns for using LBS. These concerns, however, might besuspended when the benefits of gaining information from LBS is considerable. Someother factors, such as the ease of use, user-friendly design, pleasant impression, alongwith providing useful information in the tourism destination, were also considered asessential for LBS adoption among tourists.
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Wendt, Staci Jean. "Self-Efficacy and Drinking with Friends: An Investigation into the Drinking Behaviors of Japanese College Students." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/293.
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Recent studies have documented an alarming rate of alcohol use in Japan (Eisenback-Stangl et al., 2005; Milne, 2003; Shimizu, 2000). Indeed, permissive social and cultural norms for alcohol use exist within Japanese culture (Shimizu, 1990, 2000). Japanese college-students may be at further risk due to their developmental time period, where increases in alcohol use are typically seen. Furthermore, drinking habits formed during this time period may be difficult to alter later in life (Frone, 2003). Thus, social, developmental, and cultural factors exist to influence drinking among Japanese college students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the drinking behaviors of Japanese college students and possible proximal predictors of use. Specifically, given the importance of social relationships and interactions to interdependent cultures, such as Japan, the occurrence of negative social interactions may be influential in predicting subsequent drinking, as individuals may increase drinking in order to adhere to the social norms and to make amends. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant and positive relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. Furthermore, the expected physical, social and emotional outcomes of alcohol consumption (alcohol outcome expectancies) have been shown to predict alcohol use among U.S. samples (e.g., Goldman, 1994), however, daily fluctuations in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies has not been previously investigated in a Japanese sample. Given the importance of fluctuations in desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies among U.S. samples (Armeli et al., 2005), this dissertation investigated daily fluctuations in the desirability of expected outcomes and alcohol use. Support for this relationship was found; on days with individuals experienced increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, individuals drank more with others. Support for the hypothesis that increases in daily negative social events would predict increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies was not found. Finally, this dissertation investigated two types of self-efficacy (drinking refusal self-efficacy and social self-efficacy) as stable factors of drinking. Drinking refusal self-efficacy significantly and negatively predicted drinking with others; marginal support for drinking refusal self-efficacy as a moderator of the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others was found. Social self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted drinking with others. No support was found for social self-efficacy as a moderating variable in the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. In sum, using data that was previously collected via daily process methodology, this dissertation investigated the relationships between daily negative social interactions, daily desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, and drinking refusal and social self-efficacy as moderators of alcohol consumption. Support was found for five of the seven hypothesized relationships.
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Ånstrand, Melker. "Community-based tourism and socio-culture aspects relating to tourism : A Case Study of a Swedish student excursion to Babati (Tanzania)." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-715.
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This report is the result of the course, Environment and Development in the South, at University of Södertörn in Stockholm, Sweden. The report is about “new tourism” especially community-based tourism (CBT) and socio-cultural aspects relating to tourism. It is based on a literature study and a three weeks field course in Babati district in Northern Tanzania. The aim of this study is to describe how host peoples (communities) get affected especially, socio-culturally, by tourism. The aim is also to describe new tourism (especially CBT). A case-study of a Swedish student excursion to Babati is used as an example of how it affects a community (especially socio-cultural aspects) and if it qualifies as CBT.
The theory of the study is based on sustainable development (especially socio-cultural aspects) supported by the rules of World Tourism Organization (WTO) and United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP). The theory is connected to the principles of CBT and used in the analysis to judge if the Swedish student excursion qualifies as CBT.
The results show that the Swedish student excursion is in line with important principles of CBT, and therefore also in line with sustainable local development in some way. The major advantage with the excursion is the cross-cultural learning and the major problem is jealousness of benefit sharing according to the interviews done.
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MacNaughton, Andrew. "Company and personal character in the Eikaiwa industry an ethnography of a private language school in Japan /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848966.
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Rawson, Angela. "A critical linguistic analysis of a popular comic genre in Japan." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1021.
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This research will focus on the issue of power and gender in the language of Japanese comics (manga). Comics in Japan are enormously popular and are read by a wide audience. They are aimed at specific audiences and it is my argument that the language of manga helps to reinforce certain social stereotypes - particularly the inferiority of women and the dominance of males. The language of children's manga will be analyzed using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which concerns itself with the relation between ideology and power in discourse. The analysis will be at various levels including lexica-semantic, pragmatic, textual and ideological. The texts to be analyzed will be Japanese manga in the original Japanese language. Manga aimed at specific audiences, i.e. young boys and girls, will be analyzed to determine the presence of male-dominant ideology in the text. I argue that an interpretation of the text under the framework of GOA supports the hypothesis that the ideology of male dominance is present in manga and that it has become normalized in Japan.
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Ntonzima, Lulamile. "Tourism as a catalyst for local economic development in the Transkei Wild Coast." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1689.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Doctor Technologiae
in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the
Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe study investigated tourism as a catalyst to local economic development of the Transkei Wild Coast. The Transkei Wild Coast is an area which stretches from the Kei River mouth south of East London, to Durban South Coast, with seven local municipalities located in the area. These local municipalities are Mquma, Mbhashe, King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Port St Johns, Ngquza Hill and Mbizana. Infrastructure and partnership models were identified as key to the development and growth of the tourism industry in the Transkei Wild Coast. It was found that the status of infrastructure and partnerships is lacking and delivers little or no economic benefits and advances in the Transkei Wild Coast. Factors contributing to the poor performance of tourism-led local economic development by the local municipalities in the Transkei Wild Coast include poor roads, poor communication, lack of infrastructure, erratic electricity supply, and poor quality of water supply. Partnerships both at strategic and implementation levels lack commitment, role clarification and acceptable beneficiation metrics to all involved stakeholders. Infrastructure and partnerships are explained as basic and key necessities in developing a successful tourism industry in the Transkei Wild Coast. The study argues that local municipalities need support to grow the tourism industry to become a key contributor to the local economic development strategy. The Transkei Wild Coast has a wealth of natural resources, culture and history to offer tourists to this area. Local economic viability of the Transkei Wild Coast will improve, which inevitably will lead to an improved standard of living of the host communities. Growth of the tourism industry will lead to growth and development of related industries/businesses. The findings revealed that the majority of Transkei Wild Coast inhabitants support investment in the tourism industry. Prioritisation of tourism as a catalyst to local economic development in the Transkei Wild Coast will unlock other potential economic sectors in the area. For this to succeed, it is imperative that capital infrastructure is improved and credible and beneficial partnerships are created and maintained. Recommendations are proposed to fulfil the State-led mandate for socioeconomic development and advancement at local municipal level in South Africa generally and the Transkei Wild Coast in particular.
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Kwong, Wai-yam Vivian, and 鄺蔚音. "A comparative study of consumption behaviour between Mainland travelers and Japanese travelers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29788663.
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Okumura, Nao. "Japanese Dialect Ideology from Meiji to the Present." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3142.
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The intent of this study is to examine the trajectory of ideology regarding standard Japanese and dialects from the historical perspective, and also to discuss the cause of the post-war shift of the ideology. Before the war, the government attempted to disseminate hyojun-go aiming at creating a unified Japan in the time when many countries were developing to be nation states after industrial revolution. After the Pacific war, the less strict-sounding term kyotsu-go was more often used, conveying an ideology of democratization. Yet despite the difference in the terms, speaking a common language continues to play a role of unifying the country.
Today there is great interest in regional dialects in Japan. Although kyotsu-go is the common language, most people, especially in urban areas, are familiar with (if not fluent in) kyotsu-go. Due to the development of media and mobilization there are few people who cannot understand kyotsu-go. However, until around the 1970s people were more likely to believe in the superiority of standard Japanese (hyojun-go). Standard language was believed to be superior as a result of language policy that had its origins in Meiji and lasted through WWII. This included education policy that required school children to learn hyojun-go. After the war, in a process of democratization there emerged greater acceptance of language variety: dialect. Thus, there has been a shift in language ideology in Japan, and the people's interests in dialects is one indicator of this. This shift is analyzed here from the perspective of Bourdieu's notion of social and linguistic capital, tying it to policy, historical events and societal change.
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Shrosbree, Laura Tania. "Characteristics of the modern toursist in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012110.
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Until the nineteenth century, travel was undertaken only by the elite. With the introduction of rail, mass travel was available for the first time, and new faraway destinations became accessible to all. During the 20th century travel became more destination-orientated. And now, in the 21st century, travel is a new economy, resulting in the tourism industry. The focus of the tourism industry has shifted from air travel, weekend getaways and day trips, to a total experience of the destination. A new era in tourism has arrived with a new kind of tourism experience, one that is sustainable, socially responsible and flexible. At the forefront of this industry is a tourist who is more educated, experienced, knowledgeable, independent and demanding. This tourist demands new or different products/services, is harder to please than the traditional tourist, is well-informed and knows what he/she wants and where he/she wants to go. This is the modern tourist. The objectives of the study were to identify the typical characteristics of the so-called modern consumer, determine which of these characteristics were prevalent among consumers living in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area and whether these characteristics could be used to cluster respondents into segments. The results of the study will assist organisations, within the tourism industry, in dealing with the changing demands of the modern tourist. The literature study contextualised the modern tourist within the tourism industry and provides an overview of the demographic and behavioural factors, which form the basis of the modern tourist‟s development. The demographic factors discussed were age, education, income, gender and household size. The non demographic factors identified and explained were variety seeking, quest for self-identity, quest for authenticity, knowledgeable, experience sharing and time poor. The empirical information was obtained via self-administered questionnaires. Two hundred useable questionnaires were completed by respondents in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area. Statistica version 10 was used to analyse the data received. The principal component factor analysis yielded six behavioural factors, namely meaningful experiences, time poor, knowledge, authenticity and experience sharing. Until the nineteenth century, travel was undertaken only by the elite. With the introduction of rail, mass travel was available for the first time, and new faraway destinations became accessible to all. During the 20th century travel became more destination-orientated. And now, in the 21st century, travel is a new economy, resulting in the tourism industry. The focus of the tourism industry has shifted from air travel, weekend getaways and day trips, to a total experience of the destination. A new era in tourism has arrived with a new kind of tourism experience, one that is sustainable, socially responsible and flexible. At the forefront of this industry is a tourist who is more educated, experienced, knowledgeable, independent and demanding. This tourist demands new or different products/services, is harder to please than the traditional tourist, is well-informed and knows what he/she wants and where he/she wants to go. This is the modern tourist. The objectives of the study were to identify the typical characteristics of the so-called modern consumer, determine which of these characteristics were prevalent among consumers living in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area and whether these characteristics could be used to cluster respondents into segments. The results of the study will assist organisations, within the tourism industry, in dealing with the changing demands of the modern tourist. The literature study contextualised the modern tourist within the tourism industry and provides an overview of the demographic and behavioural factors, which form the basis of the modern tourist‟s development. The demographic factors discussed were age, education, income, gender and household size. The non demographic factors identified and explained were variety seeking, quest for self-identity, quest for authenticity, knowledgeable, experience sharing and time poor. The empirical information was obtained via self-administered questionnaires. Two hundred useable questionnaires were completed by respondents in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Area. Statistica version 10 was used to analyse the data received. The principal component factor analysis yielded six behavioural factors, namely meaningful experiences, time poor, knowledge, authenticity and experience sharing. The data analysis revealed three distinct clusters, namely Postmodernists, Traditionalists and Modernists. Each cluster had unique demographic and behavioural characteristics with the result that modern tourists could be grouped into distinct clusters according to their demographic and behavioural characteristics. This will enable the tourism industry to tailor-make their marketing strategies according to these clusters.he data analysis revealed three distinct clusters, namely Postmodernists, Traditionalists and Modernists. Each cluster had unique demographic and behavioural characteristics with the result that modern tourists could be grouped into distinct clusters according to their demographic and behavioural characteristics. This will enable the tourism industry to tailor-make their marketing strategies according to these clusters.
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Mzamo, Nokuzola Assunta. "Assessing contributions of tourism development to poverty alleviation programmes in Langa, Western Cape Province." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1652.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Public Management in the Faculty of business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013The study, which deals with Assessing Contributions of Tourism Development to Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Langa, Western Cape Province, was conducted against the background that Langa Township has all that it takes to be considered as a well developed tourist destination. Despite the great potential of tourism economic clusters in Langa Township, which covers its rich historical contribution in the history making of new the South Africa, cultural tourism and township tourism, the township faces a challenge of unemployment whilst there are few community members that perceive tourism as an escape industry that would create job opportunities for them, and hence contribute to a better life. Conversely, this study locates the tourism industry as key in efforts to uplift the poor standard of living that the Langa township community faces. In South Africa, generally, the tourism industry is recognised as one of the key economic sectors that has great potential to contribute towards eradicating community-based poverty challenges. The central focus of the study involves the viability of tourism business segments in Langa Township, community participation, community understanding and awareness of the tourism industry in the area, as well as basic infrastructure to support tourism industry. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The quantitative survey was administered by using Likert Scale questionnaires, which were distributed to community members who have stayed in Langa for more than five years. The quantitative survey was distributed to the Langa Local Economic Development Forum, tour operators based in Langa, and those who make use of Langa as a visiting destination, and community leaders. The main findings of the study revealed that there are few tour operators who conduct business based in Langa township, whilst those tourism establishments that exist are not widely marketed and properly planned to both lead and benefit from the potential of tourism economic segments in order to keep these operators highly viable and sustainable. Community understanding and awareness of the tourism industry in the area is at a fair level of understanding and awareness, but with little in-depth knowledge on how these communities can use it for the improvement of their living conditions. However, basic infrastructure to support the tourism industry in Langa is not at a high standard to attract tourist use. For example, the indoor sport centres, playing fields, and cultural yards are of a poor quality. This situation makes it difficult to currently position the tourism industry in Langa township, and drive it as a leading economic sector for poverty alleviation. Nonetheless, the study presents recommendation on how best to improve the current exploration on the tourism industry in Langa township for a positive impact on programmes towards poverty alleviation.
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Li, King-lun, and 李景麟. "Nintendo revolution: what is happening in videogame industry and individuals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44676670.
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Suhud, Usep. "A moment to give, no moment to take : a mixed-methods study on volunteer tourism." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/692.
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The number of research projects (theses and non-theses) on volunteer tourism (VT) has increased significantly over the last twelve years. However, few studies have measured an individual’s intention and stage of readiness to be involved in VT. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a model to predict intention and stage of readiness to be involved in volunteer tourism by applying variables, including attitudes towards the concept of volunteer tourism (VT), subjective norms, altruistic lifestyle values, the sensation-seeking personality, social class, taking/receiving motivation, giving motivation, past experience in tourism, past experience in volunteering, past experience in VT, perceived and factual constraints.
This study was conducted using a sequential mixed methods approach. A qualitative approach was utilised in the first stage. Qualitative data were gathered via focus groups (15 participants), in-depth interviews (15 participants), and email interviews (three participants) which were conducted in Perth, Western Australia. The participants selected were those who had experience as a volunteer tourist and/or as an international volunteer. The data were analysed using NVivo (Welsh, 2002a) version 10. The second stage consisted of a quantitative study and collected data via an online survey. This survey attracted 542 participants with a range of experience in VT. The participants mainly resided in Australia. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (Allen & Bennett, 2010; Blunch, 2008; Coakes, Steed, & Ong, 2010; Pallant, 2010) for the exploratory factor analysis and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (Blunch, 2008; Byrne, 2001; Hair Jr., Black, Babin, Anderson, & Tatham, 2006; Holmes-Smith, 2010).
As a result of reviewing the literature on VT (Broad & Jenkins, 2008; Hobbs, 2007; K. D. Lyons & Wearing, 2012; E. Raymond, 2008; Tourism Research and Marketing, 2008; Wearing, 2001) and the findings of both the qualitative and quantitative studies, volunteer tourism was conceptualised as the intersection of volunteer and tourism concepts and a combination of volunteer and tourism activities in a travel destination (nationally or internationally). This requires motivated participants to volunteer for a day or more and pay their own costs, for instance, for transport, accommodation, meals, and in some instances financially contribute to the project (these could include humanitarian, education, health, construction, religion, and conservation projects) itself, through a sender or host organisation.
In the qualitative study, it was found that people engaged in VT for a variety of reasons and had varied VT experiences. A key factor with participants was the importance of word of mouth influences in inspiring and encouraging their involvement in VT. This was found to be a powerful motivator. Broadly the experiences ranged from religious, to embracing the environment, to adventure seeking, to being free and genuinely altruistic motivations. Constraints to be involved in VT came from participants with more limited VT experience and included time, money, distance and language difficulties. These findings were applied in developing the research instrument by adding, confirming, and modifying the information taken from the literature review in tourism, volunteerism, and VT.
In the quantitative study, modifications were made to the initial conceptual framework proposed, for example, by dividing the motivation variable into ‘taking/receiving motivation’ and ‘giving motivation’ to ensure that drivers of each type of motivation were explored. Using a structural equation model, the relationship between these two different types of motivation and their impact on intention was examined.
To measure individuals’ intentions and stage of readiness to be involved in VT, six models were developed, each individually testing a research question. A key driver for predicting intention to engage in VT was the ‘giving motivation’; this included the need to give back to the community and a concern for the environment. In addition, a group of other key drivers included attitudes, subjective norms, ‘taking/receiving motivation’ and a sensation-seeking personality. These findings both added to and consolidated exiting literature on the intention to engage in VT. Findings indicated a strengthening of intention as time increased (from 1 to 3 to 5 years) along with different drivers impacting the decision at different time intervals. This information is critical to marketers and social marketers of VT so as to effectively communicate with potential volunteer tourists with time appropriate messages.
Further, this study of individuals’ intention and stage of readiness to be involved in VT is significant to tourism, volunteerism, and VT knowledge, obviously seen from the qualitative study. Individuals might be easy to be just a tourist, travel to a city or country for any purpose. However, to add volunteering activity, such as working in a community or orphanage, in the destination might attract only certain people. Most participants needed a proper and long preparation before they were really involved in VT. For non-volunteer tourists, some disagreed to the concept of VT and some others even though they agreed to the concept, they considered later in their lives if they wanted to be involved in VT. The findings indicate that VT is still an alternative, niche, and special tourism product as VT requires a high involvement from each participant.
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Mxunyelwa, Siyabonga. "The socio-cultural impacts of sport events tourism on selected local communities in East London, with specific reference to the Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa Triathlon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2120.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Events Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.In recent years, events have shown rapid growth as types of attraction within destinations, with such events creating a favourable image of a host destination, expanding the traditional tourist season, spreading tourist demand more evenly through an area and attracting foreign and domestic visitors (Keyser, 2002:18). As such, events are starting to become an established element and major part of tourism growth and marketing strategies. East London (in the Eastern Cape, South Africa) has hosted a number of successful events (Buffalo City Tourism, 2010) however no known social impact studies related to the community of East London are known to have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to address this gap and to evaluate the social impacts of events tourism on the East London community. The overall research question in this study was, What are the socio-cultural impacts of events tourism on East London? This was a quantitative study that utilised a survey to collect the data. The sampling frame was the community at the Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa Triathlon 2010 held in East London. Potential participants were included in the sample through utilising a random sampling method. The research instrument consisted of four sections, namely demographic profiling (age, gender, race, marital status, education and income), overall event impact perceptions, reasons for spectator participation, and the social impact perceptions of the respondents. The event attendees were interviewed. No incentive was offered for participation, and participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses.
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McKenzie, Robert M. "A quantitative study of the attitudes of Japanese learners towards varieties of English speech : aspects of the sociolinguistics of English in Japan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1519.
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Language attitude studies focussing specifically on native speaker perceptions of varieties of English speech have demonstrated consistently that standard varieties tend to be evaluated positively in terms of competence/ status whilst non-standard varieties are generally rated higher in terms of social attractiveness/ solidarity. However, the great majority of studies which have investigated non-native attitudes have tended to measure evaluations of ‘the English language’, conceptualised as a single entity, thus ignoring the substantial regional and social variation within the language. This is somewhat surprising considering the importance of attitudes towards language variation in the study of second language acquisition and in sociolinguistics. More specifically, there is a dearth of in-depth quantitative attitude research in Japan concentrating specifically on social evaluations of varieties of English, as the limited number of previous studies conducted amongst Japanese learners have either been qualitative in design or too small in scale. Moreover, the findings of these studies have been somewhat inconclusive. The present quantitative study, employing a range of innovative direct and indirect techniques of attitude measurement, investigated the perceptions of 558 Japanese university students of six varieties of English speech. The results obtained suggest that Japanese learners are able to differentiate between speech varieties within a single language of which they are not native speakers and hold different and often complex attitudes towards (a) standard/ non-standard and (b) native/ non-native varieties of English speech. For instance, the learners rated both the standard and non-standard varieties of inner circle speech more highly than varieties of expanding circle English in terms of prestige. In contrast, it was found that the learners expressed higher levels of solidarity with the Japanese speaker of heavily-accented English and intriguingly, with speakers of non-standard varieties of UK and US English than with speakers of standard varieties of inner circle English. Moreover, differences in the Japanese students’ gender, level of self-perceived competence in English, level of exposure to English and attitudes towards varieties of Japanese all had significant main effects on perceptions of varieties of English speech. However, the regional provenance of the informants was not found to be significant in determining their language attitudes. The results also imply that Japanese learners retain representations of varieties of English speech and draw upon this resource, whether consciously or unconsciously, in order to identify and evaluate (speakers of) these speech varieties. The findings are discussed in relation to the pedagogical and language planning implications for the choice of linguistic model in English language teaching both inside and outwith Japan and in terms of the methodological importance of the study for potential future attitudinal research in this area.
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Murakami, Miki. "A Study of Compensation for Face-Threatening Acts in Service Encounters in Japan and the United States." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/381.
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This study examines how people compensate for their inability to accommodate the needs of others in service encounters. Being unable to meet others' needs violates the positive face of one of the participants in a discourse. Many previous studies on speech acts demonstrate how people control their utterances to avoid causing a face-threatening act. However, the language behavior that follows a face-threatening act has not yet received much focus. This paper looks at two different kinds of data in Japan and the United State (hereafter "U.S.") using two different approaches: observation and role-play. In the first, the observational phase, the author acted as a customer in several convenience stores in Japan and asked for an item that they did not carry. In the U.S., a native English speaker interacted with the salesclerk as the customer. (No recording device was used in either situation.) All exchanges were immediately recorded by hand and later coded by semantic formulas. In the second, the role-play phase, native speakers were asked to role-play a parallel situation in which they acted as a salesclerk and had to react to not being able to satisfy customers' requests. The results demonstrate that Japanese sales clerks compensate in the face of their inability to meet another's need (they avoid a direct face-threatening act) whereas most U.S. sales clerks do not attempt to compensate for their inability. These behaviors correlate with social expectations of the participants within both respective service encounters. Moreover, the results also suggest a re-thinking of speech acts and emphasize the importance of natural data.
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Kono, Hideki. "Ba in the American context : an exploration of Japanese in U.S. workplaces." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/739.
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This study investigated the influences of the Japanese sense of ba on their patterns of perceiving the working environment and work-related human~relations in the U.S. social context. Ba in this study refers to the frame of relationships that is shared among the individuals in a certain specific situation.
The goals of this heuristic qualitative study are: (I) to investigate whether Japanese working in the U.S. retain a sense of ba, (2) to examine how the sense of ba affects their perception of the problems that they face in dealing with work-related matters and relationships with their American colleagues, supervisors, and customers, and (3) to investigate whether and how ba functions as a facilitating factor in establishing collaborative relationships between Americans and Japanese in the workplace.
To pursue these study goals, I conducted in-depth interviews with twelve Japanese working in the U.S. The interviews were conducted in the form of focused interview and the obtained data were analyzed in reference to the characteristics of ba stated in the literature review.
The results indicated that the subjects retained and exercised their sense of ba in the - U.S. workplace context. The subjects' narratives also suggested that relationship building between Americans and Japanese based on the ba-principle was possible.
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Booth, Tara. "Evaluating social media participation for successful marketing and communication by selected private game reserves, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015692.
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Social media has become one of the defining features of the technological advances known as Web 2.0. As social media has increased in popularity, so businesses are expected to participate. Social media platforms enable businesses to widely broadcast a message as well as interact directly with individual customers. Customers are also able to interact directly with one another and share information and reviews about products and services offered. This suits the tourism industry particularly well. Internationally, research has shown that individuals use social media and other online tools to research potential holiday destinations. In addition social media is used during travel to share snapshots and commentary as well as after travel, through reviews and recommendations on platforms such as TripAdvisor. However, few studies have investigated how tourism destinations use social media to attract new clients and retain existing clients. Very little research has been done on tourism and social media in South Africa despite the importance of this industry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study focused on four-star establishments within the photographic wildlife tourism industry in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. An initial survey of social media participation was carried out within the framework set out by Chan and Guillet (2011); this was then followed up with interviews with selected managers. Results showed that, in general, Private Game Reserves (PGRs) had embraced social media as a communication and marketing platform; despite concerns raised about the lack of control over content as well as poor understanding of the influence social media might have on the bottom line. TripAdvisor, Facebook and Twitter were the most commonly used platforms due to management familiarity with the platform and their ease of use. Few lodges utilised blogs or content sites such as YouTube and management cited time commitments associated with this type of platform as a reason for non-participation. However, although most PGRs or lodges had a profile on social media, this did not always mean active participation. Frequently, lodges began updating but gradually stopped after a few months. It was noted however that only one of the lodges interviewed retained an individual whose sole responsibility was social media; generally lodges did not feel that a dedicated person was necessary. This may result in a lack of time available on the part of the individual responsible or simply be a case of not understanding the platform or how to use it effectively. However, none of the PGRs with poor social media participation responded to interview requests and therefore it was not possible to determine the reasons for their poor participation. Among those lodges that actively participated, most succeed in retaining fans and followers through consistent posting of relevant and interesting content as well as customised responses that encouraged fans or followers’ interaction. However, there did not appear to be any evidence of using social media to learn about fans and followers in order to better customise the lodge offerings. This may not be necessary in this type of industry as PGRs sell a specific product and have a limited ability to customise offerings. In addition, there may be other sources of market information which lodges prefer to use. Special offers, competitions and promotions had limited success on social media. Generally, lodges used social media to promote links to a dedicated competition or promotions page. In conclusion, the managers interviewed felt strongly that social media had made a measureable impact on the tourism industry and was a channel that was here to stay. Further research around the best practice and most effective use will enable PGRs to develop and maintain effective strategies for social media participation.
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Matsubara, Nao. "The prospect for Okinawa's initiative : towards getting rid of the U.S. Military presence in Okinawa." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm4344.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-[62]) Focusses on issues concerning the U.S. military presence on the island. Elaborates on Okinawa's suffering due to the military bases which have hindered Okinawa's economic development, created serious pollution and encouraged crime
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Klinkradt, Mary Louise. "An investigation into the current and potential benefits of tourism-based development in the Albany and Peddie districts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004904.
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This research considers the relationship between tourism and development, and how tourism can be used as a means of promoting development. In order to explore this relationship, two districts in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, the Albany and Peddie Districts have been selected as case study areas. Both the Albany and Peddie Districts are in need of development which can meet the economic and social development of the districts. One such option for the two districts is tourism-based development. This research examines the current status of tourism in both districts through the use of secondary data analysis and primary data gathered from questionnaires and interviews undertaken with tourists and representatives of key stakeholders in the tourism industry. This data was used to establish the current and future potential of tourism in the districts in terms of the availability and diversity of attractions and the tourism assets and facilities in the districts. It was also used to determine whether or not tourism, by promoting infrastructural and economic development, may lead to the socio-economic upliftment of the Albany and Peddie Districts. The results obtained from this research highlight the significant lack of tourism infrastructure in the Peddie District, and the reality that the tourism potential of the district remains untapped. With the marketing and promotion of tourism to the district, and the associated tourist requirements such as accommodation, and other facilities, tourism does hold a potential key to the socio-economic development of the district. The Albany District, however, has a well-established tourism industry, but the development spin-ofts are minimal, and the potential for further tourism-based development in the future would therefore appear to be somewhat limited. A GIS (Geographic Information System) was use to determine and detail possible tourism routes, a final outcome of the investigation being the proposal of two tourism routes to draw people into and through the study area, based on the current assets and attractions of the two districts. These routes highlight one of the options available in the districts to promote much needed development in the two districts through the use of the tourism industry.KMBT_363
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Alfonso, Louise Prado. "EMBRATUR : formadora de imagens da nação brasileira." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279143.
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Orientador: Omar Ribeiro ThomazDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Considerando a importância do Turismo para o Brasil, não meramente no âmbito de atividade comercial, mas como instrumento sociológico e antropológico, esta dissertação tem como principal propósito investigar e analisar a atuação da EMBRATUR ¿¿ órgão governamental responsável pela regulamentação do setor turístico nacional ¿¿, enquanto entidade fornecedora e divulgadora de determinadas imagens da nação e da cultura brasileira. O presente estudo mapeia quatro décadas de história da EMBRATUR, enfatizando tanto as representações de Brasil que ao longo do tempo o órgão produziu, fixou, reproduziu e legitimou, bem como aquelas que foram objeto de transformação, contextualizando-as com as políticas oficiais para o setor. Levando em conta conceitos fundamentais como ¿cultura¿, ¿nacionalidade¿ e ¿identidade nacional¿, percorre esta dissertação o intuito de compreender a EMBRATUR como um dos agentes centrais no estabelecimento de um determinado debate sobre o Brasil
Abstract: Considering the importance of Tourism to Brazil, not merely as a commercial activity but as a Sociological and Anthropological instrument, this dissertation has as main purpose to investigate and to analyse the performance of EMBRATUR ¿¿ the governmental body responsible for the regulation of the national tourist sector ¿¿, as an entity devoted to the creation, supplying and divulgation of determined images concerning the Brazilian nation and culture. The present study surveys four decades of EMBRATUR history, emphasizing both the representations of Brazil that in the course of time the agency produced, fixed, reproduced and legitimated as well those which happened to be object of transformation in due time, placing them in the context along with the official policies for the sector. Taking in account fundamental concepts such as "culture", "nationality" and "national identity", this dissertation is pervaded with the intent to understand EMBRATUR as one of the pivotal agents in the establishment of a certain kind of debate on Brazil
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social