Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism – Decision making'
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Quintal, Vanessa Ann. "An investigation into the effects of risk and uncertainty on consumers' decision-making processes : a cross-national study." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0038.
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[Truncated abstract] Global tourism accounted for US$623 billion in 2004, representing 6% of the world's exports of goods and services (World Tourism Organisation, 2005). In the last decade, natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected the tourism industry. Consequently, the risk and uncertainty associated with travel have increased, potentially impacting on tourists' behaviour. However, while travel motivators have received a great deal of research attention, travel constraints have not been examined to the same degree. The present study explores risk and uncertainty and their roles in people's decisionmaking processes in a tourism context. In doing so, attempts were made to clarify the distinction between the risk and uncertainty constructs, which in prior research often have been used interchangeably, leading to some confusion about their roles. The distinction between the perceptual and attitudinal constructs also was clarified, as prior research into their differential impacts has been limited. To achieve these objectives, data were collected from online research panel members in Australia, the United States (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand, South Korea, China and Japan, as part of a larger tourism study. While the majority of the country samples were drawn from the general population, the Japan sample constituted an international
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Kork, Yuri. "The influence of film genres on the tourist's decision making process." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14868.
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The principal purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationships between film genres and the decision-making process of the tourist. Within the tourism industry, the specific type of tourism-Film Tourism-has recently been recognised and approached in several research projects and case-studies. As a result of these efforts, the researchers agree that, in certain conditions, a film may influence the decision of the viewer to travel to the destination that such film portrays. However, due to the recent recognition of this type of tourism and consequent low number of explanatory research in this area, there is an evident lack of understanding about the underlying reasons why films may have such a stimulating effect on tourist decisions. To develop deeper understanding of this newly emerged type of tourism, it is vital to research different elements of the film and their possible effects on tourism-related decisions of the viewer. This pioneering study focuses on the previously neglected “genre” element of the film and the role of this element in the overall influence of the film on the tourist’s decision making process. Accordingly, an extensive survey (n=241) was conducted, implemented via the Internet and to randomly selected Exeter residents. The survey was followed by a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews (n=10) of randomly selected respondents from Exeter. The results suggest that film genres may affect the motivational factors, such as Exciting and Achievement (Yoon and Uysal, 2005). Moreover, emotions are an important factor in the decisions of Film Tourists (Kim, 2012), and films of specific genres may infuse destination with such emotions, alter the destination image and create an interest in the destination. The major contribution of this study is the discovery that the effect of film genres on the Film Tourist is but a small subconscious part of the overall film influence, which encompasses a wider range of elements such as visual beauty, plot, actors, credibility and the atmosphere. Moreover, it would appear that, for most tourists, film is an additional and not a primary factor which creates a wish to travel. The visual portrayal of the destination is the key element which determines whether the film will affect the decision of the viewer to travel, but the genres of the film may allow the prediction of tourist type and possible travel behaviour.
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Brunt, Paul R. "Tourism trip decision making at the sub-regional level." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1990. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/449/.
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Tourism Trip Decision Making at the Sub- Regional Level: with special reference to Southern England The research investigated aspects of the decision making processes which influenced the choice of day trip tourism destinations for a sample of the population within the Southern Tourist Board area. The aims were to understand characteristics of day trip activities, to assess the effect of socio-demographic constraints on day trip behaviour, to examine the reasons for day trips, to develop household profiles and to reveal likely patterns of day trip activity. The final aim was to construct a model of day trip decision making. 71be research is based on two questionnaire surveys which produced a range of quantitative and qualitative information. Results from the first survey indicated that social class, age, group type and location of residence were important in understanding general trip \characteristics because of their particular influence on activities, cost, distance and reasons for a trip. The second survey was a longitudinal study of residents of the sub-region. The results showed that there were seven dominant reasons for a day trip, namely, for exercise, to visit friends and relatives, to act as host to friends and relatives, to be with the family, for the children, for a specific purpose and for personal reasons. The results of the diary survey allowed the production of household profiles based on day trip types. Socio- demographic variables which were found to be important influences on trip behaviour were social class, age of the household and the presence of children. A final development of the research was the construction of a model of decision making which showed the relationships of the various aspects which led to a day trip visit.
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Park, Young A. "Investigating online decision-making styles." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1611.
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Croy, William Glen, and n/a. "The role of film in destination decision-making." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.155622.
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The purpose of this research is to create a method and measure the influence of fictional film media in potential tourists� destination decision-making, using a quasi-experimental method. Film tourism researchers have implied that film plays a direct role in generating tourism. In this research, however, it is proposed that film plays an indirect role through the construction of meaning of place, and therefore destination awareness, availability and evaluation.
A two-part multiphase quasi-experimental method was created and implemented to identify change in a destination�s image due to watching a film. Part One. was qualitative in nature and implemented to discover destination image attributes (evaluative components and decision-making factors) used in destination selection (survey n=202, in-depth interviews n=10). Part One concluded with the compilation of a list of relevant, clear and efficient attributes for Part Two. The list maintained sufficient diversity to define destination image, and was composed of 21 decision-making factors and 40 evaluative components. Part Two then measured the destination�s image, and change in that image due to watching a feature film (pre and post survey n=67). Change in this quasi-experimental method was assessed by the importance of the attributes being measured, the influence of the film on these attributes and most importantly the combined effect of the film on these attributes.
The Vertical Ray of the Sun, a film set in Vietnam, was used to apply and test this innovative quasi-experimental method. The application assessed not only the effect of the film on Vietnam�s image, but also the applicability of the method. The film positively influenced the respondents� image of Vietnam. The film had a measured effect on more than half of the attributes. That noted, the actual number of attributes affected to the marked level were 17 out of 61 for the difference in means and only 11 for the eta� value. Consequently, whilst the film positively affected the image of Vietnam, most of the attributes still needed significant change to modify tourism demand.
The thesis importantly contributed to the study of destination image methodologically by asserting the need to assess the importance, influence and effect. This new method can and should be implemented to assess and monitor the effects of many events. This research also contributed by introducing a quasi-experimental cumulative importance-influence measure of effect. The contribution was highlighted in that those attributes with a large influence did not always have a large effect on the destination�s image. Neither performance by itself, nor importance by itself, can be used as a final effect measure.
Finally, this research supports other film-induced tourism studies: film does influence destination image. As presented in more recent studies film-tourism is more likely to be an incidental experience than a reason to visit a place. These more recent studies too may underplay the role of film by focusing on film as an attraction or activity, rather than its role in the actual decision to visit. This research has contributed to film tourism research by highlighting that film can still play a role in the decision-making process, even though it may not be an attraction or a desired experience in itself.
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Kotzé, Frederik Christiaan. "The role of print media in travel decision-making / Frikkie Kotzé." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/584.
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The primary goal of this study was to determine if print media (newspapers and
magazines) play a role in tourist decision to visit a destination. Four objectives were
derived from the primary research goal.
The first objective was to analyse newspapers and magazines by means of a literature
study. This was achieved by looking at the strategic component of media planning in a
media strategy in the delivering of the advertising message. The problems facing media
strategies as well as the marketing mix for print media were briefly discussed. It was also
found that there are certain advantages as well as disadvantages in using newspapers and
magazines as advertising medium.
The second objective was to look at the process of travel decision-making. This was done
by looking at two models of travel decision-making. The process was discussed and it is
indicated where print media plays a role in each of the phases of the process. It was found
that pint media does play a role in each of the phases of the travel decision-making
process. This information is of great value for marketers of travel destinations to be
incorporated in their marketing plans.
The third objective was to reflect the result of the empirical research and to determine the
key success factors in print media that influenced tourist decision to travel. It was achieved
by collecting data in which structured questionnaires were completed by international
tourists in order to determine the role print media played in their decision to visit South
Africa. The questionnaires were distributed amongst 145 international tourists from all over
the world at Sun City in the Northwest Province of South Africa. Editorials in newspapers
and magazines seem to be more popular with the respondents than advertising but that
could be mainly because editorials are seen more credible than advertising.
The fourth objective was to make recommendations for effective use of print media to
attract tourist to visit a destination. Newspapers and magazines should play an important
role in the motivation phase of the decision-making process because it has a direct bearing
on the tourist decision to act. Newspapers and magazines are considered one of the
principal means to influence tourist's decision-making. Because newspapers and
magazines are usually not expensive, their high information content can motivate a tourist
to visit a destination. Magazines and newspapers can play an important role when
searched for additional information. The latter is high in information content and are mostly
credible.Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Pu, Hsin-Hui. "A methodology for exploring tourists' choice of holiday destinations : the case of English seaside resorts." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/667/.
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Finlay, Gillian C. "The role of image in the promotion of a region as a visitor destination." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245619.
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Hung, Kam. "Developing an alternative model for travel decision-making." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3245.
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Reje, Anders, and Elena Dreger. "Marketing Sustainability in Charter Tourism : The Influence of Brands, Eco-Labels and their Combination on the Swedish Charter Tourist´s Decision Making." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91035.
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Tourism as one of the biggest industries in the world has been changing continuously and rapidly. The publishing of the Brundtland Report in 1987 has accelerated the discussion about combining economic, social and environmental factors – the so-called triple-bottom line – in order to secure long-term sustainable living conditions on a finite planet for both business and society. This has lead to occurring pressure from different stakeholder groups as for example policy makers or non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) urging for more sustainable business practise within the industry whereas one important pressure group appears to be missing out in this context: the customers of mass tourism products and therefore the demand side within the economic equation. Tourists have been observed to be overall reluctant to pay price premiums for more sustainable travel alternatives and seem to “take vacation” from their everyday green behaviour. Hence at the current point of time eco-tourism appears to be a market niche in which mainly small-scale providers and NGO’s like Nature’s Best in Sweden operate. However integrating mass tourism into the consideration can be seen as a promising opportunity and from an environmental standpoint an urgent necessity as it can be argued that within an industry of this scale, even small improvements towards more sustainable behaviour bear the potential for a substantial impact. The purpose of this study therefore lies in researching the two marketing tools of brands and eco-labels and the influence they can have individually and in combination on the tourist’s decision making delimitated to the context of charter tourism in Sweden. Through the research of this study it was found that currently no directly applicable theory about the combination of brands and eco-labels seems to exist for marketing neither in general, nor for the tourism industry in particular. This strongly indicates the novelty of the topic of combining brands and eco-labels and points out research opportunities. In order to achieve this purpose, a mixed-method research design was used combining qualitative expert interviews from direct business representatives and a quantitative data collection utilizing the scholarly acknowledged marketing research method of conjoint analysis in one of its most up-to-date forms of an adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis. Theory from different fields of study as consumer behaviour and decision making, branding and eco-labelling as well as sustainability marketing was combined and translated into the new and emerging service category of sustainable tourism. From this a conceptual framework was developed combining the data collection results from the mixed-method approach. This leads to the identification of ways for improving current charter tourism companies’ marketing based on the customers’ current view on utilities within certain aspects of the tourism package. Overall this study therefore contributes to the discussion on how demand for sustainable products evolves and can likely be increased. This is seen as a valuable theoretical, practical and societal contribution as it helps improving tourism companies’ understanding of their customer base and supports offering products/services with an improved perceived individual and societal value for charter tourism companies that aim for a higher degree of sustainability in their objectives.
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Hewlett, Denise. "Community participation in local decision-making in protected areas : the case of the New Forest National Park, Hampshire, England." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/16055/.
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This research sought to establish the extent of and reasons for community participation and non participation in local decision-making practices in the New Forest National Park, a protected area, in Southern England. Following a critical examination of the literature and previous research the concepts and theories of government, governance and of social capital were identified as being critical for an understanding and explanation of community engagement and disengagement. Primary data was collected through a series of qualitative interviews with representatives of institutions and of the local community in the area together with two concurrent quantitative surveys, one a random household survey and the other of individuals registered on an existing citizen's panel. Unlike studies of participation in society at large, the findings show a high level of participation is occurring. The nature and characteristics of this participation are examined in terms of non participation and three levels of participation categorized as; individual, collective, and leadership. Distinguishing characteristics of these four categories include the respondents' 'level of education', 'length of residence in the area' and their views of their local community. It was also demonstrated that the varying levels of engagement and disengagement can additionally be differentiated by an individual's perception as to their political efficacy and their degree of cynicism towards institutions. These views on governance question the depth and quality of participation occurring in the New Forest and are further related to the systems of engagement identified. This research addresses gaps in previous studies conducted in protected areas in that it focuses upon the range of participation and non participation demonstrated in a western protected area context. The results of this research raise questions as to just how transferable best practices are and how feasible wider community engagement is to achieve in the New Forest or other protected areas where participatory principles are practiced in what are fundamentally centralized governmental systems based on representative democratic regimes. These findings have implications for the design of community engagement strategies and for additional research into community participation. They suggest that if further progress is to be made in understanding community participation in protected areas two challenges need to be confronted, namely agreement on a definition of 'good' governance and on the constituents of wider community engagement which recognise the particular characteristics of the 'protected area' context. Suggestions for future research based on single, comparative and longitudinal case studies in other protected areas are proposed. More specifically research on non and limited participation is particularly encouraged due to the potential such an inquiry holds for informing the design of innovative and effective forms of participation aimed at increasing wider community engagement. Keywords: community participation, local decision-making, characteristics and reasons for engagement and disengagement, social capital, governance, best practice, wider community.
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Van, Eyk Marlé. "Analysis processes as antecedents for decision-making related to growth strategies of South African Game Ranchers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1546.
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Game ranching offers an economic alternative to conventional stock farming and is a means of supplementing income derived from agricultural activities. Competition is intensifying as ranchers continuously look for ways to improve and expand their businesses and gain a competitive advantage. Ranchers consequently have to find strategies that can ensure growth. Since a reciprocal relationship and dependency exists between a game ranch and the environment in which it operates, it is essential that ranchers take cognizance of aspects in the marketing environment that can either limit, and hence encumber the choice of growth strategy, or stimulate the growth potential of game ranches. As the objective of marketing is to offer customers superior value, it is pertinent for ranchers to know and understand the needs, requirements and motivations of visitors. Failure to do so will cause visitors to patronise other game ranches, or alternative tourism offerings that meet their expectations. A literature review was conducted to define strategy and assist in identifying growth strategies available to a game ranch. The literature review assisted in categorising elements in the external, internal and customer analysis phases of strategic marketing management. Surveys were conducted by means of self-completion questionnaires which were distributed throughout South Africa. Two sets of questionnaires were distributed - one to respondents with prior experience of a game ranch, and one to respondents with no-prior experience. A qualifying question directed the fieldworker to decide which questionnaire should be completed by the respondent. The surveys were constructed in such a way as to determine to what extent various factors would persuade respondents to visit a ranch or extend their stay. Based on a factor analysis, an eight factor structure emerged which represented the personal values of respondents and their levels of expectation for each of the factors. The eight factors were stimulation, universalism, tradition, security, hedonism, power, socialisation, and self-direction. The study revealed the following. - The majority of respondents with no-prior experience of a game ranch is either unaware of the offerings of game ranches, or perceives them as too expensive. - The sustainable use of natural resources is not only essential for the existence of a game ranch, but is also an important motivator for respondents to either visit a game ranch or extend their stay at a ranch. - Staff play a critical role in the overall experience of visitors and act as an important motivator to either visit/revisit a game ranch or extend their stay at the ranch. - Clean and comfortable overnight facilities are deemed important by all respondents. - Respondents have a strong desire to relax and spend time with family and friends. A decision-making framework from which game ranches can select applicable growth strategies resulted from the study. The decision-making framework comprises a three-phase process; phase 1 is the identification of a game ranch's target market; phase 2 is the use of a simplistic framework to determine a possible growth strategy for a game ranch; phase 3 is the identification of ways to implement the selected strategy. As the game ranch industry makes significant contributions to the economic, social and ecological welfare of South Africa, this study added to the body of knowledge of game ranching in South Africa, particularly with regard to the growth options available to game ranches. Recommendations for consideration of future research included the following. - As the current study investigated hunting and tourism, future research on growth strategies for game ranches could also include other aspects of game ranching such as the sale of live game and game products. - More focused empirical research into external and internal strategic analysis should be considered to supplement the empirical research into customer analysis resulting from the current study. - Finally, additional information obtained on the external and internal strategic analysis process could lead to expanding the decision-making framework developed in this study into a more holistic tool to be used in selecting a growth strategy, or combination of strategies for a game ranch3.
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Martyn, Karen. "Decision-making in a corporate boardroom: Inside the black box." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/986.
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The lack of empirical studies on board process represents a serious knowledge gap in the governance literature. To date there has been little research on how boards actually make decisions, the factors that contribute to effective board decision-making, and what tools and techniques may be used to improve board decision-making. Effective board processes are identified as leading to effective board outputs, and subsequently more effective organisational outcomes. This study explored the internal factors under the control of the board (or those selecting board members) that contribute to effective board decision-making processes. The perspective of small group decision-making research was applied to explore board decision-making processes. The three aims of the study were to investigate those factors that directors thought contributed to their board's successful and unsuccessful decision-making, to observe how a board actually makes decisions; and to determine whether training and usage of a normative decision-making methodology (including the use of a reminder role) might improve that board's decision-making process. Data collection included direct, in situ, observation of a board; semi-structured interviews with all board directors, the CEO and four executive team members; three surveys; and emotional intelligence testing (MSCEIT). The board was found to use normative decision-making procedures. These decision making procedures appeared to contribute to better decision-making processes and consequently better decision-making outputs. The task intent of acting in the best interest of the company and the relationship intent of trust were found to permeate the board inputs and processes examined during this research. Other input and process variables observed to influence board decision-making were classified as being task (structure, process, communication) and/or relational (relationships, director attributes and emotions) factors. Task factors included rational decision-making procedures; clarity of goals and roles; use of external advisors as critical evaluators; quantity and quality of information; consensus decision-making; post-decision evaluation and learning. Relational factors included homogeneity of directors through careful selection; socialising with management; board norms of a safe environment, supporting the doubtful director and the obligation to share contrary views; adequate business knowledge; emotional intelligence; and commitment. The results of emotional intelligence testing revealed levels sufficient to assist in positive board dynamics. The study results support the application of small group decision making research to aid in board process research, and further empirical exploration of board inputs using psychometric measures.
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George, Richard. "The personal and situational factors influencing decision-making by long-haul travellers' in relation to crime-risk : an empirical investigation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5885.
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Mitsche, Nicole. "Digital destination promotion : understanding and maximizing the use of digital and cultural assets to enhance tourists' decision making and destination marketing strategies." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/7105/.
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With the overarching research question “how Information and Communication Technologies can be used to support a destination in improving tourists’ information search and decision making through the use of its digital and cultural assets” this thesis connects the three themes of eTourism, destination marketing and heritage tourism through a user-centric approach and the application of innovative technologies. The eight papers provided utilise and investigate the application of technology to improve the effectiveness and promotion of destination marketing and destination marketing organisations whilst, at the same time, improving user experiences. Interdisciplinary research focuses on the opportunities provided by digital and cultural assets of destinations to enhance destination marketing efforts. This research recognises and discusses the importance and challenges of the commodification process of tangible and intangible heritage as part of the marketing process. Methodologies appropriate to each of the research purposes were applied and data was triangulated to improve understanding. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires, web crawlers and log files enabling the research to draw on analytical methods such as correspondence and cluster analysis, as well as data envelopment analysis (DEA). Qualitative methods such as workshop cycles, observations, and interviews were used to provide rich narratives analysed through content analysis. The results from the eight papers enhance destination marketing efforts by providing a better understanding of user behaviour and preferences based on travel personalities, travel and search pattern. They provide a clearer representation of the technologies, digital assets and e-Services available, discussing web site content and effectiveness. Strategies and innovative ideas to improve the current utilisation of digital technologies are provided based on the outcomes of the studies presented. Furthermore, a reflection on the use of intangible cultural heritage assets within destination marketing supported through the use of technologies is explored to enhance opportunities for destination marketing. V The research presents innovative and new ways to a destination to create new meanings and unique selling points (USPs) through cultural heritage assets and user-centric technologies. It introduces an interpretative strategy within destination marketing, and ideas to make the tourists’ holiday choice process more engaging. It enhances the understanding of on-line destination presentation, enabling comparisons between providers and improving their competitiveness. The main contribution of this work is new and enhanced insights how to improve on-line destination presentation by understanding its current representation and users’ search and behaviour patterns online and during travelling. It provides examples for the usefulness of ICT and cultural heritage in order to improve destinations’ marketing efforts. It also adds to the debate of the application of technologies for heritage interpretation and the commodification of (local) cultural heritage assets for destination marketing and tourism purposes.
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Hyun, Yongho, and n/a. "Consumer behaviour on the internet : a critical analysis of the extensive decision-making process of online holiday travellers." University of Canberra. Communication & Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130043.
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Both tourism destination marketing and the characteristics of holiday travellers have
recently undergone radical changes driven by the rapid progress of computer technology. In
particular, the advent of the Internet has had a great impact on holiday travellers as well as
on the development of tourism promotion and distribution channel strategies.
While holiday travellers benefit from the characteristics of Internet use, for example,
unlimited information retrieval, flexible accessibility, and direct interactivity with
destination marketing organizations (DMOs), the Internet provides DMOs with the critical
factor of an increase in operational costs incurred by running all possible online promotional
activities and online distribution channels.
This paper attempted to discover which Internet functions are popularly used by
existing/potential online travellers or which ones are not by testing the Canberra Tourism & Event Corporation (CTEC) web site. As a result, this research intends to provide CTEC with
a way to operate its website cost-effectively, which can also lead to increasing the usage
satisfaction of CTEC web visitors. Online travellers visiting the CTEC website were
surveyed through non-probability self-selected web survey by using segmentation procedure;
two key online travel groups: direct and indirect online access groups.
Based on the research methodology, this study has discovered several findings. Firstly,
CTEC web visitors preferred to use the CTEC website for the purpose of gathering travel
information rather than that of online booking or reservations for travel products on the
CTEC website. Secondly, comprehensive travel information tailor-made to online
individuals was found to be desirable through interactive online activities, while the
multimedia, booking, and comparability function were not significant in helping the CTEC
online visitors choose the travel destination. Based on their preferences for particular
Internet functions, it is evident that web visitors wish to have comprehensive and tailormade
online travel information and interaction with the CTEC. Finally, it was revealed that
the demographics of the CTEC web visitors were very similar to Internet users identified by
previous researchers. Therefore, this study provides insights into website development
strategies.
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Silva, João Pedro dos Santos. "Decision-making process in Portuguese Erasmus student mobility: case study." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15742.
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Mestrado em GestãoWith the evolution of nowadays knowledge-based economies, the labour class becomes more competitive. As a way of getting skills that bring benefits to their careers, university students take advantage of the many opportunities available and go abroad to study. This study develops and empirically tests a structural model that examines the antecedents that influence the decision-making process of an Erasmus student under mobility for studies (EMS) in Aveiro, Coimbra and Porto (2014-2015). Reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and linear regressions were used to evaluate the model. Based on a survey with a sample of 872 valid responses, this study has demonstrated that EMS students are also influenced by touristic factors, which gives support to what has recently been approached by other authors. Conclusions and suggestions can be applied by other organizations, mainly Higher Education Institutions in order to attract more EMS students.
Com a evolução das atuais economias do conhecimento, o mundo do trabalho torna-se mais competitivo. Como forma de ganhar competências que tragam benefícios para as suas carreiras, os estudantes universitários aproveitam as diversas oportunidades existentes e vão estudar no estrangeiro. Este estudo desenvolve e testa empiricamente um modelo estrutural que examina os antecedentes que influenciam a tomada de decisão de um aluno Erasmus em mobilidade de estudos (EMS) em Aveiro, Coimbra e Porto (2014-2015). A análise de fiabilidade, a análise fatorial exploratória e as regressões lineares foram utilizadas para avaliar o modelo. Com base num questionário com uma amostra de 872 respostas válidas, este estudo demonstrou que os estudantes EMS são também influenciados por fatores turísticos, dando assim seguimento ao trabalho que recentemente tem vindo a ser abordado por outros autores. As conclusões e sugestões podem ser utilizadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior como meio de atrair mais estudantes EMS.
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Wan, Jiangtao. "An investigation of the factors that influence the decision-making of Chinese tourist travelling to South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/411.
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The growth of the Chinese economy represents a significant opportunity for global travel and tourism and it has raised the expectation that the South African tourism industry will explore and benefit from the Chinese outbound market growth. Since international travel and tourism is becoming a significant component of the South African economy, it is important to understand the factors that influence consumer decision-making in tourism. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the decision-making of Chinese tourists that travel to South Africa. The research gives a systemic review of the Chinese outbound market, starting with the Chinese outbound travel history, and the impact of the social-economic issues on Chinese travel and tourism. An overview is provided of the size, growth and the regulation of the Chinese outbound market, as well as the main characteristics of Chinese outbound tourists. The factors that influence decision-making are compartmentalised into two categories: internal and external factors. Internal and external factors relate to the concept that people travel due to the fact that they are pushed by their own internal forces and pulled by the external forces such as the social environment, reference groups, social class, the restrictions from government regulations and the attraction of travel destination countries. The empirical findings reflect that the factors that have the most significant impact on the decision-making process of Chinese outbound tourists travelling to South Africa are perception about safety, lack of knowledge about South Africa and a growth in the use of the Internet as a source of tourist information. The study also reflects a tendency towards individualism and a shift away from traditional group decision-making. Based on the findings of the empirical study, South Africa tourism needs to offer a safe travel environment, provide greater access to information featuring South Africa as a tourist destination, and offer discounted travel packages
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Ekonde, Cathy Nanyongo. "Tourism destination marketing : a comparative study, between Gotland Island, Sweden and Limbe city, Cameroon." Thesis, Gotland University, Institution 2, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-489.
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This research is carried out to explore the factors that influence visitors to choose a particular destination for a visit or the attributes visitors consider necessary to quality a place as a potential destination for a visit. This research is a comparative study on tourism destination marketing conducted in a town in a developed country; Gotland Island in Sweden and a town in a developing country; Limbe city in Cameroon. This research tries test two hypothesis, which were formulated by the researcher.
Hypothesis I; visitors consider particular attributes in a destination before they visit it.
Hypothesis II; some attributes are inevitable in any destination choice decision.
The research contains ideas from 200 respondents, 100 visitors of Gotland Island, and 100 visitors of Limbe City, and the results support both hypothesis. The research also contains a comparison of the attributes visitors consider in Gotland Island and Limbe city. This brings out the factors that would be considered by visitors in a developed country and visitors in developing country.
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Plantin, Josefin, and Lisa Wendt. "Purchase and Market in the Airline Industry facing an uncertain society : An exploratory research through a multimethod study." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51239.
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Background: Several crises have passed and today, the world is witnessing the pandemic Covid-19. As a consequence, society is affected at large where new insights and attitudes are born. Existing literature suggests that a crisis may be a crucial determinant in shaping one’s attitudes and actions, and therefore marketing needs to adapt to these new attitudes and expectations. Involving consumers' perception of this issue, together with companies’ views within the industry, lies the foundation for this research to investigate any changing consumer attitudes towards the airline industry during Covid-19. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumer attitudes have changed within the airline industry in Sweden due to the Covid-19 pandemic, applying both consumers’ and companies’ perspectives to provide managerial implications for marketers. Method: With an interpretive nature, the study is qualitative added by quantitative measures, hence stated as multi-method. Primary data is collected through an analytical survey and four semi-structured interviews. Findings: Investigating attitudes from economic, social and environmental perspectives, the study concludes that consumer attitudes have changed in several perspectives while some attitudes stay consistent with pre-crisis attitudes, hence not directly affected by the crisis. The empirical findings are coherent with the conceptual framework, explaining the complexity of the tourism airline industry and how new attitudes that arise from the Covid-19 pandemic is a predictor of future behavior during the crisis, which may be useful for future crises to come.
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Corne, Aurélie. "Performance et destination : outils d'aide à la décision pour les acteurs du secteur touristique : Le cas de la France." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0038.
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Nous postulons que la destination touristique, objet de recherche de ce travail, est un système complexe d’éléments en interaction qui se doit d’être commercialisée et gérée. Ainsi, pour maintenir sa compétitivité et son attractivité dans un environnement concurrentiel fort, les Organismes de Gestion de la Destination (OGD) et les professionnels du secteur se doivent d’adopter des stratégies opérationnelles et des outils d’aide à la décision. Cette recherche consiste à analyser la performance, principalement via l’efficience, de la destination touristique, afin de distinguer les meilleures pratiques observables (« benchmarks » ou points de comparaison) et d’apporter des recommandations managériales aux décideurs. À travers divers acteurs et échelles du territoire touristique français, nous tentons de soulever plusieurs questions de recherche liées à l’optimisation de la performance, problématique centrale en sciences de gestion. Les principaux enjeux de ce travail résident dans la valorisation de méthodes quantitatives d’aide à la décision destinéesau management du tourismeWe postulate that tourism destination, which is the research subject of this study, is a complex system of interacting elements. Tourism Destination has to be marketed and managed. Thus, to maintain its position and attractiveness in a highly competitive environment, the Destination Management Organization (DMO) and professionals have to adopt operational strategies and tools for decision-making. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the performance, mainly through efficiency, of the tourism destination in order to identify the best practices (benchmarks) and provide managerial recommendations to decision makers. Through various actors and different scales of the French territory, we intend to raise several issues related to performance optimization, a core research problem in management. The main purposes of this thesis lie in the use of decision-making with quantitative methods for tourism management
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Kangasmäki, Heini, and Maja Koskelainen. "How Important Is an Image? : Dutch Travel Agencies' Perception of Sweden as a Travel Destination." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Business and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-59.
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Nowadays, when the world feels smaller as a result of the increasing flow of information, the competition of tourism between countries is getting bigger. This has caused that the marketing of the country has become vital. It is important for the country to send out the right signals so that the tourists have the right image of a destination. Once the image has been created, it might be hard to change it.
Scandinavian Travel Agent AB is a company arranging different trips around Scandinavia. They work as incoming agent for foreign tour operators, which they help with different types of travel arrangements in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. Now they want to expand their business to other countries, and at the same time they want to identify how Sweden is seen as a tourist destination. We helped them with this by investigating travel agencies and tour operators in the Netherlands.
Our purpose with this thesis was to find out what kind of picture the Dutch travel agencies and tour operators have about Sweden. Furthermore, we wanted to know how the Dutch market looks like considering the trips to Sweden. To be able to analyze the phenomena of image we have taken closer look at the decision- making process, which was originally created by Mathieson and Wall (1984). It contains four areas (tourist profile, travel awareness, destination resources & characteristics and trip features) that have effect on the decision making process. Since we thought that image also has a big influence on the tourists’ decision, we chose to investigate that subject as well.
With the help of our theories we created two different questionnaires, one to Dutch travel agencies/ tour operators having Sweden as a travel destination, and one to Dutch travel agencies/tour operators not currently offering trips to Sweden. After receiving the answers we interpreted them together with our theories and we found out that the respondents have a correct image of the reality. Sweden’s nature with the forests, water and snow were some of the most common parts of their image. Stockholm was also a prominent feature together with beautiful and clean nature. Sweden was also seen as a modern and safe country with high quality. Some respondent also mentioned space, but it was not as common answer as we expected.
Regarding the image, we found out that an image handles both a person’s affective and cognitive images, which arises from many different sources and influences. After doing this research our believes, about the image as a part of the decision making process, were strengthened. Therefore we saw the need to change the already existing model.
Our suggestions to the Scandinavian Travel Agent AB, is to first contact the travel agencies/tour operators who are currently offering Sweden, since they seem to be most interested in expanding to Sweden. Among the other travel agencies/tour operators an interest has to be aroused. This can depend on the fact that companies with Sweden can see the demand and the opportunities better than the companies who do not have Sweden.
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Martínez, García Miriam. "Enhancing the ELECTRE decision support method with semantic data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665102.
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Prendre una decisió quan les opcions es defineixen mitjançant un conjunt divers de criteris no és fàcil. Aqueta tesi es centra en ampliar la metodologia ELECTRE, que és el mètode del tipus "outranking" més utilitzat. En aquesta tesi ens centrem en problemes de decisió que involucren informació no numèrica, tal com els criteris semàntics multivaluats, que poden prendre com a valors els conceptes d'una ontologia de domini determinada.
Primer proposo una nova manera de manipular els criteris semàntics per evitar l'agregació de les puntuacions numèriques abans del procediment de classificació. Aquest mètode, anomenat ELECTRE-SEM, segueix els mateixos principis que el clàssic ELECTRE però, en aquest cas, els índexs de concordança i discordança es defineixen en termes de la comparació per parelles de les puntuacions que indiquen l'interès de l'usuari sobre diferents conceptes de l'ontologia. En segon lloc, proposo crear un perfil d'usuari semàntic mitjançant el emmagatzemant de puntuacions de preferències a l'ontologia. Es vincula una puntuació d'interès numèrica als conceptes més específics, això permet distingir millor les preferències de l'usuari, i també s'incorpora un procediment d'agregació per inferir les preferències de l'usuari considerant les relacions taxonòmiques entre conceptes.
La metodologia proposada s'ha aplicat en dos casos d’estudi: l'avaluació de plantes de generació d'energia i la recomanació d'activitats turístiques a Tarragona.Tomar una decisión cuando las opciones se definen sobre un conjunto diverso de criterios no es fácil. Esta tesis se centra en ampliar la metodología ELECTRE, que es el método del tipo "outranking" más utilizado. En esta tesis nos centramos en problemas de decisión que involucren información no numérica, tal como los criterios semánticos multi-valuados, que pueden tomar como valores los conceptos de una ontología de dominio determinada. Primero propongo una nueva forma de manejar los criterios semánticos para evitar la agregación de puntuaciones numéricas antes del procedimiento de clasificación. Este método, llamado ELECTRE-SEM, sigue los mismos principios que el clásico ELECTRE, pero en este caso los índices de concordancia y discordancia se definen en términos de la comparación por pares de unas puntuaciones que indican el interés del usuario sobre distintos conceptos de la ontología. En segundo lugar, propongo crear un perfil de usuario semántico mediante el almacenamiento de puntuaciones de preferencias en la ontología. Se asocian puntuaciones numéricas a los conceptos más específicos, lo cual permite distinguir mejor las preferencias del usuario, y se incorpora un proceso de agregación para inferir las preferencias del usuario mediante las relaciones taxonómicas entre conceptos. La metodología propuesta ha sido aplicada en dos casos de estudio: la evaluación de las plantas de generación de energía y la recomendación de actividades turísticas en Tarragona.
Reach a decision when options are defined on a set of diverse criteria is not easy. This thesis is focused on improving the methodology ELECTRE, which is the most used outranking-based method. In this dissertation, we focus on decision problems involving non-numerical information, such as multi-valued semantic criteria, which may take as values the concepts of a given domain ontology. First, I propose a new way of handling semantic criteria to avoid the aggregation of the numerical scores before the ranking procedure. This method, called ELECTRE-SEM, follows the same principles than the classic ELECTRE but in this case the concordance and discordance indices are defined in terms of the pairwise comparison of the interest scores. Second, I also propose to create a semantic user profile by storing preference scores into the ontology. The numerical interest score attached to the most specific concepts permits to distinguish better the preferences of the user, improving the quality of the decision by the incorporation of an aggregation methodology to infer the user's preferences by considering taxonomic relations between concepts. The proposed methodology has been applied in two case studies: the assessment of power generation plants and the recommendation of touristic activities in Tarragona.
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Lau, Maren Anja. "Decision-making in relation to climate and climate change in the Peopleś Republic of China : from adaptation to sea-level rise to destination choice in chinese tourism /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz279091486inh.htm.
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Henaien, Moncef, and Shalvi Sinha. "International conference site selection criteria : And a case study of Stockholm as an international conference city." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-16162.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify the destination site selection criteria for internationalconferences from the perspectives of the three main players of the conference industry,conference buyers (organizers and delegates) and suppliers. Additionally, the researchidentifies the strengths and weaknesses of the congress cities of Stockholm and Vienna.Through a comparison with Vienna, the top city for hosting international conferences, a roadmap for Stockholm has been designed, to strengthen its congress tourism opportunities, thus,obtaining a higher status as an international congress city. This qualitative research hascombined both primary and secondary data methods, through semi-standardized expertinterviews and secondary studies respectively, to fulfil the study’s aim. The data have beenanalysed by applying the techniques of qualitative content analysis; the secondary dataadopting an inductive approach according to Mayring (2003) while the expert interviewsusing a deductive approach according to Meuser & Nagel (2009). The conclusions of thesecondary data have been further compared and contrasted with the outcomes of the primarydata, to propose fresh discoveries, clarifications, and concepts related to the site selectioncriteria for international conferences, and for the congress tourism industry of Stockholm. Theresearch discusses the discoveries of the site selection criteria, the implications of thestrengths and weaknesses of Stockholm in comparison to Vienna, recommendations forStockholm via a road map, and future research areas in detail. The findings andrecommendation, not only provide specific steps and inceptions that Stockholm as aninternational conference city can apply, but also propose findings, which can aid conferencebuyers and suppliers to cooperate, to strengthen their marketing strategies and developsuccessful international conferences and destinations to help achieve a greater competitiveadvantage.
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Silva, Paulo Gustavo da. "O processo decisório do turista em ambiente virtual: fatores que influenciam as etapas de compra." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20552.
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Tourism is one of the biggest economic activities in the world and it has undergone changes in its management, especially in the perspective of marketing, a result of globalization and the internet. This dissertation has as its theme: "The Desion-Making Process of the Tourist in the Virtual Environment: Factors that influence the purchase stages", and it aims to analyze how the influencing factors of purchase are manifested in the physical and virtual environment in the decision-making process in the context of the hotel market. In the theoretical framework, this dissertation approaches the perspectives of digital marketing, decision-making process and tourism. This research was conducted with 330 Brazilian and foreign tourists who stayed in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, through a hotel wherewith they made contact to shopping in a physical and/or virtual environment. Therefore, it is an exploratory descriptive study, in this dissertation the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis (DA) for the treatment and analysis of the data were used it. It is concluded that, in relation to practical contributions to companies, is possible to infer that companies that operate in the hotel market must look for the changes that happen in the decision-making process in the virtual environment, considering variables that are important in the time of purchase by tourist, in which are: Satisfaction, Service, Ease, Credibility, Security, Price, Relationship, Post-sales and Communication. A company that markets hosting should not use the same way the marketing strategy for both environments (physical and virtual) because customers behave and evaluate differently depending on the environment in which they are inserted during the decision-making process
O turismo que é uma das maiores atividades econômicas do mundo e vem passando por mudanças na sua gestão notadamente na perspectiva do marketing, resultado da globalização e da internet. A presente tese tem como tema: “O Processo Decisório do Turista em Ambiente Virtual: Fatores que influenciam as etapas de compra”, e busca atender o objetivo de analisar como os fatores influenciadores de compra se manifestam no ambiente físico e virtual no processo decisório no contexto do mercado hoteleiro. No referencial teórico, o trabalho aborda perspectivas do marketing digital, processo decisório e turismo. A pesquisa foi realizada com 330 turistas brasileiros e estrangeiros que se hospedaram no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de um estabelecimento hoteleiro com o qual realizaram contato para compra em ambiente físico e/ou virtual. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, neste estudo a Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), ANOVA e Análise Discriminante (AD) foram utilizadas para o tratamento e análise dos dados. Conclui-se que, no tocante as contribuições práticas para as empresas, é possível inferir que as organizações que atuam no mercado hoteleiro devem atentar para as mudanças que ocorrem no processo decisório no ambiente virtual, levando em consideração as variáveis que são importantes no momento da compra para o turista, sendo: Satisfação, Atendimento, Facilidade, Credibilidade, Segurança, Preço, Relacionamento, Pós-vendas e Comunicação. A empresa que comercializa hospedagem não deve utilizar da mesma forma as estratégias de marketing para os dois ambientes (físico e virtual), pois os clientes se comportam e avaliam de maneira diferente dependendo do ambiente o qual está inserido durante o processo decisório
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Li, Shuo. "Does the ethnic consumer consider the relevance of the retailer in their decision to buy wine in Christchurch?" Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1028.
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The value of secondary brand associations has been discussed in the literature for decades. Companies are transferring their brand building to retailers (Bruwer, Li et al. 2002 ), therefore, it is very important to understand the impact of retailers on the product brand and consumers’ decision making processes when considering other relevant sources of brand associations. However, in the wine environment, few published studies have been carried out to examine the association with retailers. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to examine whether this association transfers value to the image of wine brand and influences consumers’ behaviour. Also, the impact of ethnicity on the consumer’s decision making process will be taken into account. This research specifically provides insight into Christchurch’s wine retailing industry. Owing to the limited time and resources, the wine drinking community in Christchurch has been divided into two groups (European and Non-European). Europeans (150) and Non-Europeans (50) were recruited for the sample. Two research models and six main hypotheses were established to analyze the relationships between brand associations, perceived brand image and consumer behaviour. Research was conducted to collect quantitative data by using questionnaires, including rating scales and multiple choice questions. Face to face interviews and self-administered methods were employed. Participants were recruited by using a combination of convenience sampling, quota sampling and random sampling. A statistical programme called the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. From the results it was found that associations including the packaging, characteristics, quality, country of origin, producer of the wine, retailer or staff qualities have a positive impact on the spending on wine. In particular, the kinds of retailers make differences to consumers’ expected wine budgets. The results also suggested that the evaluation patterns and perceptions of wine are different in the two ethnic groups.
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Wendemagegnehu, Taleyihun Tadese. "The influence of social media on the travel decisionmaking behavior of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland : The case of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37697.
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The impact of international mobility and globalization on universities has led to a greater need for students. Thus, throughout students stay in their destinatio ncountry, prospective students access a variety of sources of information and make simultaneous decisions about where to travel; decision making is required at everystage of the travel process (pre-travel, during travel, and post travel). Previous to the advent of social media dominate traditional sources of information, such as print media, educational fairs and university websites. The social media websites such as social networking (Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn,), microblogging (Twitter,Tumblr), photo sharing (Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest), Video sharing (YouTube,Facebook Live, Periscope, Vimeo) become an alternative source of university information as many young people and students engage, work and participate in this online community. The purpose of this thesis is to research the influence of social media on the decision-making process of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland, as well as how other factors (such as others’ comments, replies, and tour reviews) influence the process of their travel decision making. The data collection tool was a survey that included demographic questions, closed ended questions, multiple choice questions, a rating scale (Likert 5 scale model), and a few open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was completed by 137 international students. The study's findings indicate that social media has a sizable influence and role as a source of information for Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland at every stage of their travel decisionmaking process, and that other factors (such as others' comments, replies, and tourreviews) influenced their decision-making process as well. Overall, this study helps to gather insights into Ethiopian educational tourists' decision-making behavior in Poland. Due to the fact that the research will contribute cross-national knowledge about educational tourists' behavior during the travel decision-making process in a destination, it will have a significant impact on promoting domestic travel and tourism in Poland.
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Yu, Vivian Teping. "Family decision-making in tourist behaviour : a case study of Taiwan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275899.
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Faulhaber, Felix. "Decision-making factors of German tourists travelling to South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/983.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to provide detailed insights into the marketing of services, specifically in the airline and travel agency industries. Therefore, the report firstly presents the existing literature, narrowing down the view from the traditional marketing approach with the 4P to the 7P approach for service marketing. As a final step, the few sources on airline and travel agency marketing are evaluated to identify gaps in the current research. Following this overview, the report explains the current situation within the airline and travel agency industries. The players in these markets currently face significant challenges, namely the competitive structure, changing booking behaviours, increasing competition of low-cost airlines, the rise of oil prices, increasing activities for environmental protection, structural problems of the major aircraft manufacturers, the open skies agreement between Europe and the US, and the current economic crisis. In order to successfully compete in this challenging environment, airlines as well as travel agencies need to understand the needs and preferences of their potential customers very clearly. Consequently, the researcher conducted a survey amongst passengers from Germany to South Africa in order to gain information on these preferences. This questionnaire aims to clearly identify the major decision-making factors of the passengers when choosing an airline or booking channel. Knowledge regarding these decision-making factors enables companies to design their offering in a way that the needs and preferences of passengers are optimally met, while the airline or travel agency can still operate profitably. The survey was posted online and 185 respondents across all age groups participated. The main insights of the results are that the price clearly is the dominant decision-making factor for both the choice of the airline and the choice of the booking channel. Furthermore, several hypotheses, which could be extracted from the literature, are tested. It is found that for travel agencies, the consulting services do not have any significant impact on the decision of the passengers. Their perceived competency, however, does play a reasonably important role and is consequently a factor that needs to be considered by travel agencies when designing the offer. For airlines, the flight schedule clearly constitutes the second most important factor. While the brand is at least considered fairly important, frequent flyer programmes, as well as the membership in an alliance, are not considered to be important at all for the decision of the airline. The report nevertheless explains why the membership in an alliance does, in reality, have significant positive effects on the performance of an airline, specifically through the positive impact on operating cost and improvements in the flight schedule. As a final step, the results are compared to a similar survey conducted by Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) and Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). It is found that there are only slight variances between the results. A possible explanation for the variances could be that the economic environment has changed. Also cultural differences and differences between short- and long-haul flights are considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag het die verskaffing van gedetailleerde insig in die bemarking van dienste ten doel, spesifiek in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Daarom bied die verslag eerstens die bestaande literatuur aan, terwyl die beskouing van die tradisionele bemarkingsbenadering met die 4P- tot die 7P-benadering vir diensbemarking vernou word. Laastens word die enkele bronne wat lugredery- en reisagentskapbemarking behandel, geëvalueer om leemtes in die bestaande literatuur te identifiseer. Na hierdie oorsig, verduidelik die verslag die huidige situasie in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Die rolspelers in hierdie markte kom voor beduidende uitdagings te staan, naamlik veranderende besprekingsgedrag, toenemende mededinging van laekoste-lugrederye, stygende oliepryse, toenemende optrede vir omgewingsbeskerming, strukturele probleme van die vername vliegtuigvervaardigers, die Oop Lugruimooreenkoms (Engels: Open Skies agreement) tussen Europa en die VSA, en die huidige ekonomiese krisis. Om suksesvol in hierdie uitdagende milieu mee te ding, moet lugrederye en reisagentskappe die behoeftes en voorkeure van hul moontlike kliënte baie duidelik begryp. Gevolglik het die navorser ʼn opname gemaak onder passasiers onderweg van Duitsland na Suid-Afrika om inligting omtrent hierdie voorkeure in te samel. Hierdie vraelys het beoog om die vername besluitnemingsfaktore van passasiers te identifiseer wanneer hulle ʼn lugredery of besprekingskanaal kies. Kennis omtrent hierdie besluitnemingsfaktore stel maatskappye in staat om hul aanbieding so te ontwerp dat die behoeftes en voorkeure van passasiers optimaal nagekom word, terwyl die lugredery of reisagentskap steeds winsgewend bedryf kan word. Die opname is aanlyn geplaas en 185 mense vanuit alle ouderdomsgroepe het deelgeneem. Die hoofinsigte van die resultate is dat prys duidelik die oorheersende besluitnemingsfaktor in beide die keuse van lugredery én die keuse van besprekingskanaal is. Verder is verskeie hipoteses wat vanuit die literatuur onttrek kon word, getoets. Vir reisagentskappe word daar bevind dat die konsultasiedienste geen beduidende invloed op die besluitneming van passasiers het nie. Daarteenoor speel hul vermeende bekwaamheid ʼn redelik belangrike rol en is gevolglik ʼn faktor wat deur reisagentskappe oorweeg moet word wanneer die aanbieding ontwerp word. Vir lugrederye is die vlugskedule duidelik die tweede belangrikste faktor. Terwyl die handelsmerk as minstens redelik belangrik beskou word, word gereëlde vlieërprogramme, asook die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie, glad nie as belangrik beskou vir die keuse van lugredery nie. Die verslag verduidelik hoekom die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie nieteenstaande in werklikheid beduidende voordelige invloede op die prestasie van ʼn lugredery het, spesifiek deur die voordelige invloed op bedryfskostes en verbeterings aan die vlugskedule. In ʼn finale stap word die resultate vergelyk met dié van ʼn soortgelyke opnames gemaak deur Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) en Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). Daar word bevind dat daar slegs klein verskille in die bevindinge voorkom. ʼn Moontlike verduideliking van die verskille is dat die ekonomiese milieu verander het. Kulturele verskille tussen kort en lang afstand vlugte word ook oorweeg.
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Capper, David. "The effects of terrorism on the decision-making process of tourists." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288643.
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Oh, Young Kyun. "Estudio de la gestión del proceso turístico ante un entorno multicultural mediante Lógica Borrosa (Fuzzy Logic)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127302.
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Se presenta el análisis del aspecto importante del marketing turístico y de la metodología basada en la lógica borrosa (fuzzy logic) con el objetivo de que las empresas y administraciones públicas puedan adoptar decisiones para el desarrollo del sector, la gestión de recursos humanos y el marketing de productos, entre otros. Así como, presentamos algunas características del proceso turístico para tratar de analizar en qué medida nos encontramos ante una forma de verla que nos ofrece las estrategias alternativas para afrontar los desafíos del fenómeno multicultural en actual.
Este estudio sobre la afluencia de este fenómeno desarrolla metodologías ensayadas de matemática multivalente con el fin de caracterizar y combinar el uso y comportamiento del marketing turístico, así como, de aportar una caracterización básica y sintética de la realidad en la gestión del proceso del sector turístico. En este sentido se pretende proporcionar una visión transversal de las implicaciones de la actividad turística en varios países y/o ciudades analizando los diversos componentes para la gestión del proceso turístico.
Este estudio incluye también la evaluación de turismo y el papel que están tomando administraciones públicas vigentes, la propuesta de actuación relacionada con los aspectos claves de la gestión del conjunto (control urbanístico del entorno, accesos, gestión de la visita pública, etc.). Además se plantea el esquema de relaciones existente entre turismo y desarrollo sostenible en destinos urbanos. En él se recogen los aspectos relacionados con los siguientes bloques temáticos: los productos (infraestructuras y equipamientos turísticos) como recurso turístico, los flujos de visitantes, la comercialización, las incidencias económicas, funcionamiento de la actividad turística, estrategias de gestión, así como las incidencias del turismo sobre el fenómeno multicultural. Por lo tanto, se plantea los ámbitos temáticos básicos de estudio, así como, las problemáticas más relevantes respecto a la función turística en los casos estudiados.It is the analysis of the important aspect of tourism marketing and methodology based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy logic) in order that companies and public administrations can make decisions for the development of the sector, human resources management and the marketing of products, among others. As well as, we present some characteristics of the tourism process to try to analyze to what extent the way to see which offers alternative strategies to meet the challenges of the current multicultural phenomenon. This study on the influx of this phenomenon develops tested methodologies of multivalent mathematics in order to characterize and combine the use and behavior of tourism marketing, as well as, to provide a basic characterization and synthetic reality in the management process of the tourism sector. In this sense is intended to provide a transverse view of the implications of tourism in several countries and/or cities by analyzing the different components for the management of the tourism process. This study also includes the evaluation of tourism and the role who are taking existing public administrations, the proposal of action related with the key aspects of the management of the whole (urban control environment, access and management of the public visits, etc.). It also raises the scheme of relations between tourism and sustainable development in urban destinations. It includes aspects related to the following thematic blocks: products (infrastructure and tourist facilities) as tourist resources, visitor flows, marketing, economic impacts, performance of tourism, management strategies, as well as the impacts of tourism on the multicultural phenomenon. Therefore, we propose the basic subject areas of study, as well as the most relevant issues regarding the tourist function in the cases studied.
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Schoeman, Talita. "The relationship between travel motives, service levels and satisfaction of nature-base [i.e.nature-based] tourist [i.e. tourists] / T. Schoeman." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4445.
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The literature review on tourist satisfaction revealed that a satisfied tourist leads to positive word of mouth recommendation to friends and family, loyalty (return visits), competitive advantage and long-term profitability and sustainability. These favourable benefits resulting from satisfaction are necessary for any destination to survive in the competitive tourism industry. The Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) is one of 21 national parks in South Africa and is managed by SANParks. Data captured from visitors to the (AENP) was used to achieve the objective of this study. As national, regional, local and privately owned parks (private game farms) strive to increase their share in the international and national market, it is important to understand why visitors return to a certain destination and the role service plays in the return decision. Literature on satisfaction identified two components that contribute to return visits. These were service (delivering quality service) and travel motivation (why people travel to a certain destination).
The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between satisfaction, service and travel motivations of the visitors to the AENP. To achieve this, data captured from 2005-2007 by the Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies on the AENP was firstly used to determine the visitors? profile and, secondly, to apply factor analyses and the t-test. The factor analyses were applied and, in both cases, four factors were identified. In the case of the service factors, hospitality services, general services, activities, and infrastructure disseminations were found and, in the case of travel motivation factors, learning experience, activities and events, escape and family socialising. The t-tests were used to determine whether or not visitors' expectations were met. This was also used to determine the relationship between travel motives, service and satisfaction of the visitors to the AENP.
Findings indicated that the visitors whose primary travel motivation expectations were met rated the services higher than visitors whose primary travel motivation expectations were not met. The research therefore confirmed that there is a relationship between service and travel motivation. In terms of visitors' satisfaction, the relevance of the relationship between travel motives and service is lower if the visitors' primary travel needs are met, with a higher relevance of the relationship if the primary travel needs are not met. Park management can use these results as tools to ensure that the product offered guarantees visitors' satisfaction and therefore contributes to long-term park sustainability. Therefore park management can obtain the ideal tourist experience by not only focusing on the travel motives but also on the quality of service delivered at the park.Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Karanci, Ayse. "Statistical And Spatial Approaches To Marina Master Plan For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613087/index.pdf.
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Turkey, with its climate, protected bays, cultural and environmental resources is an ideal place for yacht tourism. Subsequently, yacht tourism is increasing consistently. Yacht tourism can cause unmitigated development and environmental concerns when aiming to achieve tourist satisfaction. As the demand for yacht tourism intensifies, sustainable development strategies are needed to maximize natural, cultural and economic benefits.
Integration of forecasts to the strategic planning is necessary for sustainable and use of the coastal resources. In this study two different quantitative forecasting techniques - Exponential smoothing and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods were used to estimate the demand for yacht berthing capacity demand till 2030 in Turkey.
Based on environmental, socio-economic and geographic data and the opinions gathered from stakeholders such as marina operators, local communities and government officials an allocation model was developed for the successful allocation of the predicted demand seeking social and economical growth while preserving the coastal environment. AHP was used to identify and evaluate the development, social and environmental and geographic priorities. Aiming a dynamic plan which is responsive to both national and international developments in yacht tourism, potential investment areas were determined for the investments required to accommodate the future demand. This study provides a multi dimensioned point of view to planning problem and highlights the need for sustainable and dynamic planning at delicate and high demand areas such as coasts.
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Bell, R. "A critical evaluation of information sources used in the tourist destination decision making process." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/39381/.
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The tourism industry is one of the largest in the world; it is also an industry which is growing in terms of its overall contribution to global GDP and employment and in terms of the number of destinations which seek to attract tourists (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2015). Concurrent developments in information communication technology serve to amplify the tyranny of choice faced by tourist destination decision makers by providing greater information on the growing list of possible destinations, resulting in an ever more complex decision making process. The holiday destination decision is one which evoke high levels of product and purchase decision involvement, both of which encourage an extended, more comprehensive decision making process; this in turn elicits the collection and assimilation of greater amounts of information about the various alternatives. Information search, however, is limited by a number of factors (the time available to the decision maker and cognitive processing capacity being chief amongst the limitations), therefore the information about each destination that is critically analysed by the decision maker during the destination decision making process is not uniform. Understanding the role that the various information sources play (how they are perceived, whether they are used and whether their use influences the likelihood of the destination being chosen or not) during the tourist destination decision making process is important to professionals engaged in the marketing of tourist destinations. However, in the words of Choi et al (2012, p. 26) ‘there has been no empirical research attempting to explore information use patterns within the structure of the decision-making process in the tourism literature’. As a result, the aim of this research was to identify and evaluate a complete choice set model of the extended Destination Decision Making process and review critically the role of information sources within that affect the process. A web based questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from a sample (judgement sampling was used due to the lack of a sample frame) who were asked (amongst other things) about the destinations that they considered during the destination decision making process, why they rejected destinations, which information sources they used to research the destinations and what their perceptions of the information sources were. The data collected were analysed using SPSS statistical software package. The findings confirmed the validity of the choice set model which was presented and tested within this research. The findings also demonstrated that a construct of ‘perceived utility of information sources’ exists which is a compound of the sources’ perceived level of bias, how up to date it is, how easy it is to access and the value that can be obtained through that source. An information sources’ perceived utility was found to be positively correlated to whether it is used or not. Furthermore, the results of this research identified statistically significant relationships between the use of an information source and the likelihood of the destination researched through that source being selected (or rejected), thus drawing a link between perceived utility, use of an information source and the likelihood of destination selection/rejection. Finally, the results of statistical analysis also showed that demographic differences affect the perceived utility of information sources, whether they were used in the destination decision making process and the likelihood of a destination being researched through the source being selected or not. The findings of this research can be used by professionals responsible for destination marketing who can establish the perceived utility of the information sources that they use amongst their target market in order to maximise the likelihood of their destination being selected.
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Lüer, Stefanie Christina. "Der Ausgleich der Interessen der Wirtschaft und des Umweltschutzes in Frankreich : eine rechtsvergleichende Studie zu Ermessensentscheidungen im Umweltrecht im Lichte der Internationalisierung des Rechts am Beispiel der National- und Regionalparks in Frankreich." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D084.
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La conciliation entre la protection de la nature et les intérêts de nature économique s'opère en recourant à la notion de développement durable. D'un point de vue juridique, les acteurs clés pour opérer une telle conciliation sont l'administration et le juge, qui appliquent et interprètent les normes applicables. Ils concilient l'intérêt général tenant à la protection de l'environnement avec les intérêts et les droits des acteurs du tourisme en utilisant leur pouvoir discrétionnaire, selon des modalités qui diffèrent en France et en Allemagne. Les parcs naturels nationaux et régionaux ont été retenus pour limiter le champ de recherche et constituent des exemples permettant d'illustrer les modalités de la conciliation entre exploitation économique et protection environnementale. Tandis que l'objectif assigné au parc national par la loi vise en premier lieu la protection de la nature, les parcs régionaux sont consacrés au développement durable, outil de conciliation entre les intérêts économiques et environnementaux. Le tourisme joue ainsi un rôle central dans l'organisation et le fonctionnement des parcs régionaux et présente la particularité d'être une activité économique qui suppose l'existence d'un environnement au moins en partie vierge et une nature préservéeAn optimal balance between economic and environmental issues is guided by the concept of sustainable development. From a legal perspective, the main parties making arbitrary decisions in this matter are the administrations and the administrative courts. They apply and interpret the respective rules by using their specific national power of discretion, arbitrary arbitrating between the public interest to protect the environment and the issues of the key players of the "green" tourism industry. The National parks and the Regional parks have been chosen to refine the study because these two constitute an example painting out the methods of arbitrary decision making between economic exploitation and the protection of the environment. With regard to the National park, the law assigns priority to the protection of the environment whereas the Regional park is dedicated to sustainable development as the method to accomplish the arbitration between economic and environmental issues. The tourism industry is playing a central role in the functional organisation of the Regional parks and is characterized by being an economic activity dependent on an environment at least in part untouched and still pristine
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Marcevova, Kristyna. "Group influences on individual holiday decision-making and behaviour : a study of group dynamics in tourist parties of young people." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3460.
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This study investigates the group decision-making processes and holiday behaviours of young people in the age-range 18-35 years and provides insights into how social influences within various travel parties affect individuals’ decision-making and behavioural processes. Although holiday decision-making has a long tradition in tourism research, the number of studies focused on how holiday decisions are formed within groups of travellers is relatively low considering the social character of pleasure travel. The majority of researchers continue to portray the individual’s holiday decision-making process at the expense of social interactions among group members. While research on family holiday decision-making is relatively well established in the consumer behaviour literature, the ways in which other decision-making units, such as groups of friends, make their holiday plans have been comparatively overlooked. This oversight occurs despite the fact that friends are common companions for leisure travel activities, especially for young people, who generally prefer to holiday with their peers. Based on empirical research through quantitative surveys (n=412 and n=200) and longitudinal in-depth interviews (n=10), this thesis challenges the view that holiday decisions are usually made jointly, and instead suggests that specific holiday sub-decisions are often dominated by a single individual within a group setting rather than being equally influenced by all group members. The nature of joint decision-making is significantly related to the size and structure of travel parties; that is, decisions made by bigger travel parties, families and groups of friends could often be characterised as autonomic rather than syncratic decisions. Furthermore, group-based behaviour is a modification of individual behaviour, which makes individuals engage in activities they may not have done otherwise. Accordingly, compromise is the most frequently used ‘Non-coercive/Non-Confrontational’ conflict resolution strategy when making holiday decisions. The results of this thesis further show that tourist behaviour is highly context dependent, with external, situational and environmental influences, which mediate holiday decisions. Therefore, although the data demonstrate the existence of four distinct clusters of young holidaymakers, these segments are only representations of individuals’ attitudes and behaviours at a moment in time. A tourist’s identity is fluid and dependent on the context, which highlights the need for new contemporary perspectives on tourist decision-making.
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Zhang, Wei. "The motivations, constraints and decision-making of Beijing outbound tourists." 2009. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20100204.133342/index.html.
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Lopes, Patricia, and 羅佩娣. "An Empirical Assessment of Taiwan Tourists Decision Making to Senegal as Tourism Destination." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47865443588402693947.
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碩士銘傳大學
企業管理學系碩士班
100
Within the next ten years, great changes in the world of tourism are expected, after it hard hit by the global slump, travel and Tourism Economy is likely to grow by 3.3% in 2012 (World Travel & Tourism Council 2011). Long-term prospects remain strong, with ten-year growth holding up at 4.0% per year between 2011 and 2021. The economic recovery has been reflected in a faster-than-expected rebound in international travel, particularly in Asian markets, (World Travel & Tourism Council 2010). Demographic, socio-structural and socio-cultural developments have always led to changes in tourist demand and faced service providers in tourism with substantial need to adjust. Opportunities abound: new customers, a new social and economic environment, new products and services, new destinations, new channels for information and distribution. Many questions arise. What kind of investments and products are required? Which destinations will be the most attractive? If a bet on the future have be to make, what will the impact of a totally unknown destination be on the travelers and their supplies? How can innovation be stimulated in tourism services? Which initiatives and winning strategies need to be emphasized? In order to explore and add value to the West African destination, Senegal in particularly “cultural and leisure site and a tourism destination of international renown”, this research measure the possible attractiveness of Taiwanese travelers. This study provide a means to identify the potential needs of the Taiwanese outbound tourism market by a broad consideration of the major factors influencing travel and travel decisions from Taiwan. The research methodology for this paper followed two steps: collection of data from different sources, and questionnaire. The targets for the research are the population sample for the questionnaire are the Taiwanese public, travelers and potential travelers in (up market) shopping malls, public companies and central parks. The result of this research help to find out how to meet the tourist requirements for different Taiwanese market niches; therefore will enable the design of the product Senegal destination for Taiwan tourist. Keywords: Tourism, Tourist, Tourist Decision Making, Tourism Destination, Tourism Product and Tourist Self Image.
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Chen, Wei-Hung, and 陳威鴻. "Active Aging Decision-Making in Eco-Tourism from Service Design Perspective." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12532167844674909542.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業設計系
103
In recent years, the number of active aging who engage in tourism is rising. Also, the tourism mode has turned into tourism experience. The purpose of this research is to investigate the active aging’s decision-making behavior in eco-tourism, view current Taiwan eco-tourism service from the perspective of service design, and propose service design recommendations to enhance the quality of tourism experience.To answer the research questions, first, understand the characteristics of active aging tourists in eco-tourism through expert interviews. Then, after conducting KJ method analysis, the tourists are divided into three types: (1) Sightseeing-social type, (2) Close nature type and (3) Professional eco-tourism type. Two tourists for each type (six participants, with an average age of 55.3 years) are selected by screening questionnaire and are invited to participate in workshop. Before conducting the workshop, the participants are interviewed in order to understand the preparation of tourists before departure. During the workshop, tourists experience is observed. By using behavioral observation, cultural probe, subgroup interviews and focus group, tourists’ experience can be discovered and recorded. After the workshop, retrospective interview is applied to understand the behavior of tourists after trip. By using service design tools to analyze data, firstly, describe the nature of the tourists through persona. Then, use customer journey map and flow model to express service interactive process. Secondly, draw storyboard to present decision-making behavior, show details of the decision-making scenario, and summarize the service touchpoints analysis and decision-making mode of tourist. Thirdly, based on the results of the research, service improvement policy and innovative service scenario which present interaction by storyboard are proposed. Finally, the research suggests the service recommendations for eco-tourism in Taiwan in assisting active aging making decision and enhancing the quality of the tourism experience.
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Robin, Christian G. "The influence of children on vacation attraction choice." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4155.
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The purpose of this study was to answer the question: how do children influence attraction choice while on vacation? A cross-sectional, self-administered, web-based survey of 99 adult facilitators visiting one of three tourist attractions in Winnipeg, Canada with at least one child between the ages of six and 17 was used to: 1) gain insight on how groups with a child/children prefer to travel; 2) understand the reasons why groups with a child/children choose to visit a select type of attraction; 3) examine the views of adult facilitators who travel with a child/children on the child/children’s participation with regards to the selection of tourist attractions; and 4) investigate which attraction characteristics adult facilitators believe provide their entire group with the most satisfying experience. Results indicate that children have relatively little direct influence within the family or group unit on attraction choice.
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Keltie, Denise. "Ski Operations Managers’ Decision Making Under Uncertainty." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3261.
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Abstract
This study explores decision making amongst ski area management. In particular, it examined how ski area managers are challenged by the risk and uncertainty as a result of weather and visitor activity patterns. Prospect theory suggests that response to uncertain conditions may not result from the application of rational thought processes (Tversky & Kahneman, 2000). Instead, decision makers may fall victim to any number of seemingly arbitrary rules or processes as they attempt to deal with uncertainty.
Ski operations in southern British Columbia were chosen for study because of the importance of ski operations to the economy of this region as well as the challenging and variable weather events they have recently experienced. For example, this area hosts international and regional visitors as well as major events like the Vancouver 2010 Olympics and Paralympic Games events. As a result, there is considerable interest in creating ski conditions that are of international calibre. However, the Vancouver and the Coast Mountains faced a weather anomaly of warm, wet weather in January 2005. Nearby regions experienced equally problematic weather conditions the following December. The task here was to discover how ski area managers were coping with the uncertainty created by variable weather patterns.
This study utilized qualitative methods. In total, 16 ski area managers participated in semi-structured interviews between the months of November 2006 and March 2007. Interviews were conducted within three British Columbia tourism regions: Vancouver and Coast Mountains, Thompson Okanagan, and Kootenay Rockies.
The most common weather disturbances to selectively or entirely impact ski operations were high winds, cold temperatures, avalanche hazards, and lightning. Managers used both rules and tools to deal with the uncertainty created by weather conditions. In terms of rules, they often relied upon heuristic strategies (cognitive rules of thumb) to help with decision making. They tended to open and close at the same time each year for example. Often these heuristics were based on historical weather data and skier visitation rates. Many managers reported being unaffected by existing biases in their decision making or falling victim to escalation of commitment (often reported in decision making studies). These managers also relied on a variety of tools to reduce uncertainty during decision making. These tools included the use of management teams, reliance on experience and individual expertise, historical weather and skier data, and reliance upon business models. For example, most of those interviewed reported extensive efforts to enhance operational sustainability. They focused on diversification (of winter products and year round activities), slope development (summer grooming), snowmaking, and environmental sustainability initiatives. In each case, the goal seemed one of reducing uncertainty in an inherently uncertain situation. Industry and market trends were impacted by improved ski technology and the increasing popularity of internet and last minute holiday bookings.
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Liu, ming-jin, and 劉明金. "Aboriginal Tourism motivation Decision Making -Case Study of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Cultural Park." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65538112948619079048.
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碩士大仁科技大學
休閒健康管理研究所
98
This study examined the impact of tourists consider when choosing travel destinations, travel motivations, destination perception and the characteristics of recreation areas and other factors, the relationship and their mutual influence. And to factor analysis and ANOVA analysis of demographic variables for the different factors of motivation to explore the different characteristics of tourists choose to consider the factors. The results show that, to the Aboriginal Culture Park travel motivation factors can be summarized as "interpersonal and social relations" and "psychological factors" such as two factors. Recreation areas for tourists and tourist destinations cognitive characteristics will affect the perception of tourists motivated. Motivation are all variables affecting tourists chose Taiwan Aboriginal Culture Park as a destination of factors.
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Delgado, Miguel Matos. "The impact of technology in the decision-making process of a tourism destination." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21928.
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With the topic of the thesis defined, it was possible to understand that although this is
an issue that has been gaining the interest of researchers, there is space for further theoretical
and scientific investigations.
In order to reach the main goal of analyzing the impact of technology on the decisionmaking process of a tourism destination, it was defined four main research topics: Where
tourists search for information; What is the most searched kind of information when deciding
a destination; Which mobile technology tourists use the most when traveling; Which variable
influences the most one’s perception of a tourism destination.
For this study, it was first analyzed the most relevant existing literature, developed the
conceptual framework and the hypothesis in focus for this study were formulated. After this,
all data was collected through an online questionnaire.
Results show that, with the exception of the variable emerging technologies, all
variables have a significant influence on the perception of a tourism destination. Besides this,
the main conclusions are that most of the respondents search information on the internet; the
information that is most searched are both the accommodation and destination; the mobile
technology that most respondents use while travelling is the smartphone; the variable that
influences the most one’s perception about a destination is its location.
It is important tourism destinations understand that if tourists have an amazing
experience, they are much more willing to share it online and offline which contributes to the
perception that future tourists create about the destination.Com o tópico da tese definido, foi possível perceber que embora esta seja uma problemática a ser alvo de atenção por parte de investigadores, ainda existe espaço para uma profunda pesquisa teórica e cientifica. Para atingir o objetivo principal de analisar o impacto da tecnologia no processo de tomada de decisão de um destino turístico, foram definidos quatro tópicos principais de investigação: Onde os turistas procuram informação; Qual é o tipo de informação mais pesquisado na hora de decidir um destino; Qual a tecnologia móvel que os turistas mais usam quando viajam; Qual a variável que mais influencia a percepção de um destino turístico. Para este estudo, foi analisada a literatura existente mais relevante, desenvolvido o modelo conceptual e formuladas as hipóteses em foco para este estudo. De seguida, todos os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário online. Os resultados mostram que, com exceção da variável tecnologias emergentes, todas as variáveis têm uma influência significativa na percepção de um destino turístico. Além disso, as principais conclusões são que a maioria dos respondentes procura informações na internet; principalmente informações sobre o alojamento e o destino; a tecnologia móvel que a maioria usa durante as viagens é o smartphone; a variável que mais influencia a percepção de um destino é a sua localização. É importante que os destinos turísticos entendam que se os turistas tiverem uma experiência incrível, eles irão estar mais dispostos a compartilhá-la online e offline, o que contribui para a percepção que futuros turistas criam sobre o destino.
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Lin, Shi-Fan, and 林思汎. "The Influences from Personality Traits, TraitTendency of Low-Carbon Tourism on Travel Decision Making." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98491895492586724265.
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碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業學系
102
Upon the dispersion of worldwide weather change, Low-carbon tourism had increasingly contributed to conservation. However, the relationship between trait tendency of low-carbon tourism and travel decision making remained unclear. This research, which samples the Yangmingshan National Park's tourists, investigates the relationship among tourists' trait tendency of low-carbon tourism, personality traits, and travel decision making. The result had shown that, first, the trait tendency of low-carbon tourism, can be distinguished into three types: high-intensity low-carbon tourists, low-intensity low-carbon tourists, and general tourists, secondly, there are significantly difference in the personality traits among three categories of trait tendency of low-carbon tourism, thirdly, there are significantly difference in the travel decision making among three categories of trait tendency of low-carbon tourism, lastly, there are significantly difference in the travel decision making among varied personality traits. Advises had been given to government and travel agencies. Conservation-concerned travel activities, merchandises and package tours can be designed to attract high-intensity low-carbon tourists and low-intensity low-carbon tourists.
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Yen, A.-Tao, and 顏阿桃. "The Influences of Tourism Motivation and Family Life Cycle on Family Vacation Decision-Making." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61258821135497581295.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
景觀與遊憩研究所
98
Nowadays, there is lack of interactions among family members due to the fact that each member is tied down to a lot of commitments. However, engaging in proper leisure activities can function to bring family members closer together and to enhance the opportunities of communication among them. Tourism decision-making among family members has become one of the most important issues in the field of tourists’ behavior, which has been studied for forty years. Tourism researchers found that the pattern of family role in decision-making on tourism among family members and the formation of the decision patterns are influenced by factors of travel motivations, family life cycle, family type, children, family incomes, personal financial earnings, occupation, gender, age, tourism products, and tourism service types. The study aims at exploring the impact of travel motivations, family life cycle and family type on decision-making in relation to tourism among family members. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 402 valid questionnaires. The findings of exploratory factor analyses revealed that the travel motivations included five constructs: “health and recreation,” “innovated knowledge,” “experiential learning,” “spiritual content,” and “interpersonal and social contact.” According to K-mean cluster analysis, the subjects were divided into three groups: “innovation body-building type,” “pursuit of creative type,” and “mind learning type.” The family life cycle was divided into three stages: “young couples,” “mature couples,” and “senior couples.” Finally, Chi-square analysis was used to examine whether or not significant differences existed among the five constructs of the travel motivations while One-way ANOVA was adopted to test the significant discrepancies among three different stages of family life cycle and among three divergent family types in relation to family decision-making on traveling. By means of Two-Way ANOVA, the cross-impact of the travel motivations along with the stages of family life expectancy cycle on decision-making on family tourism was investigated. According to the findings, the travel motivations had significant influences on some items related to the importance of travel decision-makers. There were significant impacts of the family life cycle stages on the importance of travel decision-making in terms of trip destinations, the number of days of traveling, restaurant type, accommodation mode and shopping. Family type factor husband failed to children and nuclear families with children influenced the importance of the number of days of traveling. In addition, the cross influences between travel motivations and the family life cycle stages had significant impacts on the importance of shopping, only when significant cross-influences between the travel motivations and the family life cycle stages happened. Nevertheless, it was hard to tell which group types caused the significant impacts. In conclusion, when family tours are considered, one can not take into consideration only one factor, like travel motivations or the family life cycle. It is necessary to include two extra factors as mentioned above. It is also suggested to enlarge the research scope and to reach more sample subjects in future surveys. The important role that the trip decision-makers play in relation to family life cycle stages and family types should be paid attention. These important trip decision-makers should be the targets of tourism proprietors while they embark on their marketing campaigns. It is a must to provide family members while their traveling with activity facilities, such as children activities along with safe facilities and service in order to increase the tourists’ frequenting rate and the level of their faith in re-joining in the tours.
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Melo, Inês Patrícia Gomes de. "The influence of NWOM in the consumers’ decision-making process in the Tourism industry." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25614.
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Online feedback tools, such as electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), have been widely used to share knowledge and information online between consumers about products or services, having become an important tool for consumers and being considered a reliable source.
Based on relevant theories and previous works, it has been proved that Negative Word-of-Mouth (NWOM) has been influencing significantly consumers’ decision-making process, especially regarding the Tourism industry and that this sector is the most strongly influenced by eWOM.
To investigate the impact of NWOM on consumers in the industry of Tourism, an online survey was created. Different negative hotel reviews were presented to 249 individuals. Quantitative data was generated to investigate the impact of these reviews on consumers’ brand attitude, purchase intentions and NWOM intentions, in two distinct stages of the travel planning process, namely the search phase vs the post-purchase phase, when a new purchase was being planned.
The conclusions supported the existence of a significant impact of NWOM on users that are exposed to negative reviews in the Tourism sector. Furthermore, users in the post-purchase phase were less susceptible to NWOM than those in the search phase, which means that NWOM communication mostly affects consumers who are in the search phase of the travel planning process.
This study contributes to companies, especially hotels, by identifying useful research that can help them understanding the power of negative information on consumers, taking advantage of online consumer reviews as a new marketing tool.
Finally, limitations are discussed and future research is proposed.Ferramentas de feedback online, como o electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), têm sido amplamente utilizadas para partilhar conhecimento e informação online entre consumidores sobre produtos ou serviços, tendo-se tornado uma ferramenta importante para os consumidores e sendo considerada uma fonte de informação confiável. Com base em teorias relevantes e trabalhos prévios, o Word-of-Mouth negativo (NWOM) tem influenciado significativamente o processo de tomada de decisão dos consumidores, especialmente na indústria do Turismo, sendo o sector mais influenciado por eWOM. Para avaliar o impacto do NWOM nos consumidores na indústria do Turismo, foi criado um questionário online. Foram apresentadas diferentes comentários negativos sobre um hotel a 249 indivíduos. Obtiveram-se dados quantitativos com o intuito de investigar o impacto destes comentários na atitude dos consumidores, intenção de compra e intenção de NWOM, em duas fases distintas - a fase de pesquisa e a fase de pós-compra, quando uma nova compra estava a ser planeada. As conclusões suportam a existência de um impacto significativo da NWOM sobre aqueles que estão expostos a comentários negativos no setor do Turismo. Além disso, os utilizadores numa fase de pós-compra são menos suscetíveis a NWOM do que aqueles que se encontram numa fase de pesquisa do planeamento de uma viagem. Este estudo contribui para empresas, especialmente hotéis, uma vez que, identificada a importância da comunicação NWOM, surge a possibilidade de uma nova ferramenta de marketing baseada no conteúdo online gerado pelos consumidores. Finalmente, limitações são discutidas e pesquisa futura é proposta.
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"Perceptions of International Tourism Destinations." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25862.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Destination image has been explored by studying various aspects of the process of forming a perception about an area and choosing to visit or not. This study uses a variety of theories from previous research which has focused on subsets of factors which influence the overall process to create a model to organize the perception formation and decision making progress into one continuous and interrelated progression. Online questionnaires using Likert scale statements and questions were distributed to participants through Facebook in order to measure and test the model. A total of 266 questionnaires were completed and analyzed using t test, ANOVA, regression, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. The original model from the beginning of the study transformed with the removal of some variables and the alteration of others. The factors that were shown to influence perception of the destination were tourist type and knowledge of the country. Tourists who were more likely to seek new environments and had a higher level of knowledge of the country used in the marketing video had a better perception of the destination before and after the video. Obstacles for deciding to visit the destination were found to be long distances traveling and substitution of alternative destinations. The results show that marketing videos do create a positive change in the perception of the destination, but this alone is not likely enough to influence the decision to visit the destination. Marketing agencies should consider more ways of informing consumers of the destination in addition to commercials so that overall knowledge of the area can be improved. In addition, marketing agencies should target consumers that are interested in visiting new environments by using travel magazine subscriptions, international airline agencies and hotels, and social media groups.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2014
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Sailor, Lisa Elendra. "Conditioning Community: Power and Decision-Making in Transitioning an Industry-based Community." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5342.
Full textAbstract:
While it is well understood that many resource-based communities are transitioning to tourism to provide a new economic foundation, few studies have probed in-depth the rationale and mechanisms influencing decision-making processes. This case study does that, providing the rationale behind Nanaimo’s City Council’s decision to build a conference centre and in so doing exposes the processes, actors and events that helped framed its decision.
A coastal community in British Columbia, Canada, Nanaimo’s downtown suffered continual decline for nearly two decades. In an attempt to reverse the decline, City Council voted 8 to 1 in favour of a conference centre proposal based on its conviction that a centre would serve as a calling card for the community and function to attract both lifestyle residents and tourists. Moreover, Council’s vote signalled its commitment as an active partner in re-establishing the downtown and repositioning Nanaimo as a post-industrial city with high-level infrastructure and amenities. Although there was initial widespread community support, as the conference centre evolved through a series of iterations, one community group surfaced to challenge its merit and the lack of public engagement in the process. In response, another group surfaced to defend the decision. Through a community referendum, the decision was upheld and the community moved forward with the plan. Nonetheless, the viability of the project was threatened a second time with the civic election as several community residents who resisted the project ran for City Council on a platform that would have halted the project. The community, once again, affirmed the decision to proceed.
This case has two steps. First, I present a descriptive analysis to illuminate how the community’s social networks played a role in moving a specific agenda forward. There were two phases of data collection from which data were compiled and analysed. The first phase of data collection examined a variety of written documents in the community and principally included minutes of the various City Committees, independent studies commissioned by the City, newspaper accounts, and sources of information provided by the participants. The information collected in this first phase of study helped to inform the 37 in-depth interviews collected in the second phase of the study. Critical discourse analysis was used to demonstrate how and why different groups in the community justified and rationalized an ideological stance supporting a political and economic framework underwritten by tourism. Overall, the strength of the case is in its details. In demonstrating how the social networks and the local coalitions’ capacity-building efforts shaped civic decision-making and public policy, one gains, in a Foucauldian sense, how governmentality played out as different groups engaged in resistant and counter-resistance mechanisms. Tracing these movements reveals how this community was conditioned towards an economic framework underwritten by a political economy of tourism. Moreover, this case demonstrates that although consideration should be given to the broader economic and political climate, it supports claims in the literature that a high degree of autonomy exists within community decision-making processes. Complementing this consideration is the need to theorize more carefully the role of democracy and governance in determining the satisfaction of outcomes. Finally, more consideration should be given by tourism scholars to be more reflexive about their research, its contested and emotive moments.
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Geldenhuys, Linda-Louise. "The influence of Blue Flag status on tourist decision-making in South Africa / Linda-Louise Geldenhuys." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11545.
Full textAbstract:
Marine tourism has been growing over the years to a diverse and large industry providing for a variety of markets. Across the world tourists enjoy activities of different types including kayaking, scuba diving, snorkelling, surfing and travelling to beaches for leisure reasons. Travelling to coastal towns with the purpose of visiting a beach has always been a great attraction for people across the world. Not only resulting in beaches becoming one of the tourism industry’s biggest markets but also a great contributor to local economies.
In 200,1 South Africa adopted the Blue Flag Programme, a beach award which focuses on clean bathing water and pollution free environments. The programme was first established on the French coastline in Europe by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). Since then 244 beaches and 208 marinas across 10 countries now boast with a Blue Flag award. The award requires beaches to adhere to four sets of criteria. These are water quality, environmental management, environmental education and information and safety and security. The programme also has specific periods allocated to beaches in which the beach has to meet all the stipulated standards.
Previous research has stated that the programme has great drawing power for tourists.
In contrast, other studies revealed that it has no benefits for the tourism industry, whatsoever.
Some studies have stated that it is a symbol of quality recognised by all across the world.
The literature review conducted for this study revealed that the programme holds great benefits for conservation of the environment. Seen from a tourism point of view, however, it is still unclear whether the programme benefits the tourism industry or has any impact on it whatsoever.
The primary goal of this dissertation is to determine the influence of Blue Flag status on the decision-making process of beach visitors when they select a beach, thereby determining whether or not the Blue Flag programme adds any value to the tourism industry. A literature review was conducted on important aspects concerning this study, namely the Blue Flag Programme, the tourist decision-making process, travel behaviour of tourists and tourist behaviour, to gain insight into the type of research. Thereafter an empirical study was conducted on six beaches in KwaZulu-Natal which involved the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire. The sampling method used for the study was quantitative, probability sampling with systematic sampling which involved the fieldworkers to approach every second person/group of people on the beach. The survey took place from 28 March to 4 April 2013. A total of 572 usable questionnaires was collected from a sample of 600 beach visitors. The data was captured using Microsoft™ Excel™ 2010 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). Exploratory factor analyses were performed as well as a linear mixed-effect model analysis to analyse the impact of the Blue Flag Programme on tourism. To achieve the goal set for this study, two articles were produced.
The aim of chapter 3 (article 1) was to determine the push and pull motives of beach visitors. The results revealed the profile of respondents to be female, married with an average age of 39 years and originating from Gauteng. They have a diploma or degree from a tertiary institute and like to visit the beach for an average of eight nights at a time. To identify the push and pull motives of beach visitors, the travel motives were first identified by means of a principal axis factoring analysis, with Oblimin and Kaiser Normalisation. The aspects yielded three factors, familiarity, family relaxation and escape and beach characteristics. The most important factor was determined to be familiarity. The analysis further revealed two push and two pull motives. The push factors are escape and relaxation (most important push motive) and familiarity. The pull motives are beach attributes (most important pull motive) and cognizance. This article showed that the familiarity of a beach plays an important role as to the motives of beach visitors as well as the fact that visitors to these beaches want to escape and relax away from everyday life.
The aim of the chapter 4 (article 2) was to identify the influence of Blue Flag status on visitors’ decision-making when selecting a beach as well as to determine whether any statistically significant differences exist between the visitors to Blue Flag beaches and visitors to non-Blue Flag beaches. A principal axis factoring analysis was conducted to determine the decision-making aspects of beach visitors. This analysis yielded five actors, environmental education, safety and access, cleanliness, landscape and popularity. The most important factor was identified as cleanliness with a mean value of 4.37. Furthermore, a linear mixed-effect model analysis was conducted which identified one statistically significant difference with the factor popularity, which has a p-value of 0.002. No other differences were identified. This study thus found that Blue Flag status does not influence visitors’ decision in selecting a beach. What was interesting was the fact that the aspects which are of importance to beach visitors (such as cleanliness) form part of the criteria on which the programme is based (environmental education and information, environmental management, safety and security and water quality). Thus having Blue Flag status does impact positively on tourism.
Since this was the first study of its kind in South Africa, it can benefit all beach destinations in the country. From the findings it is clear that marketing needs to be conducted regarding the Blue Flag programme and the benefits that could be reaped for both the local community and beach visitors. Furthermore, beach management can make use of the motives identified in chapter 3 as well as the decision-making aspects identified in chapter 4 to increase visitor numbers to the beach and gain competitive advantage. Tailor-made marketing strategies can be implemented which will improve the efforts of beach managers and municipalities as well as managers of the Blue Flag Programme to market the programme and raise awareness. Recommendations are made regarding further study on the Blue Flag programme to identify ways in which awareness of the programme amongst the public can be raised. Similar research can also be conducted on other environmental and tourism award systems, such as the Seaside award. This research contributes to the literature on marine tourism, seeing as this was the first time such a study was conducted in a South African setting.MCom (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014