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Journal articles on the topic 'Tourism Cook Islands Planning'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Connell, John. "A Nation in Decline? Migration and Emigration from the Cook Islands." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, no. 3 (September 2005): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400304.

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The Cook Islands is the largest of several Pacific island microstates experiencing absolute population decline, raising questions over national viability. Since its peak of 21,300 in 1971 the population has almost halved, mainly through depopulation of the twelve outer islands. The population of the main island, Rarotonga, has remained constant. Decline has been particularly rapid following economic problems and restructuring in the mid-1990s, while return migration has been slight. Skilled migrants, especially health workers, have been most prone to migration, for educational, economic and social reasons, facilitated by unimpeded entry into Australia and New Zealand. Workers increasingly join the health system with the intention of subsequent migration. Both the education and health system are short of skilled workers, and service delivery is worsening. Economic growth through tourism may slow migration, but will not prevent it, and further overall population decline seems probable.

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Milne, Simon. "The Cook Islands Tourist Industry: Ownership and Planning." Pacific Viewpoint 28, no. 2 (October 1987): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.282002.

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3

Dickson, Geoff, Simon Milne, and Kim Werner. "Collaborative capacity to develop an events portfolio within a small island development state: the Cook Islands." Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 10, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2017.1409751.

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4

Kumar, Nikeel, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Radika Kumar, and Peter Josef Stauvermann. "Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests." Tourism Economics 26, no. 4 (July 2, 2019): 658–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619859712.

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We examine whether tourism sector development measured by visitor arrivals per capita has asymmetric growth effects in the Cook Islands using quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2016Q3. Asymmetric cointegration, long-run elasticities, and dynamic multipliers are estimated using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model developed by Shin et al. Asymmetric causality testing is done using the asymmetric vector autoregression approach with insights from Hatemi-J. We identify structural breaks using the Lee and Strazicich multiple endogenous structural break unit root test. The results indicate that a 1% increase in visitor arrivals would increase gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by 0.92%, whereas a 1% decrease in visitor arrivals would decrease GDP per capita by 0.34%. The identified breaks, 2013Q2 and 2015Q3, are positive and significant in the short run only. The causality result confirms a bidirectional association, thus mutually reinforcing the asymmetric relationship between visitor arrivals and economic growth.

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Sakellariadou, Fani, Francisco J. Gonzalez, James R. Hein, Blanca Rincón-Tomás, Nikolaos Arvanitidis, and Thomas Kuhn. "Seabed mining and blue growth: exploring the potential of marine mineral deposits as a sustainable source of rare earth elements (MaREEs) (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 94, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2021-0325.

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Abstract The expected growth of the global economy and the projected rise in world population call for a greatly increased supply of materials critical for implementing clean technologies, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and other rare metals. Because the demand for critical metals is increasing and land-based mineral deposits are being depleted, seafloor resources are seen as the next frontier for mineral exploration and extraction. Marine mineral deposits with a great resource potential for transition, rare, and critical metals include mainly deep-sea mineral deposits, such as polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, phosphorites, and rare earth element-rich muds. Major areas with economic interest for seabed mineral exploration and mining are the following: nodules in the Penrhyn Basin-Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Clarion–Clipperton nodule Zone, Peru Basin nodules, and the Central Indian Ocean Basin; seafloor massive sulfide deposits in the exclusive economic zones of Papua New Guinea, Japan, and New Zealand as well as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the three Indian Ocean spreading ridges; cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific Prime Crust Zone and the Canary Islands Seamounts and the Rio Grande Rise in the Atlantic Ocean; and the rare earth element-rich deep-sea muds around Minamitorishima Island in the equatorial North Pacific. In addition, zones for marine phosphorites exploration are located in Chatham Rise, offshore Baja California, and on the shelf off Namibia. Moreover, shallow-water resources, like placer deposits, represent another marine source for many critical minerals, metals, and gems. The main concerns of deep-sea mining are related to its environmental impacts. Ecological impacts of rare earth element mining on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly evaluated. Furthermore, marine mining may cause conflicts with various stakeholders such as fisheries, communications cable owners, offshore wind farms, and tourism. The global ocean is an immense source of food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and ecosystem services and suffers seriously by multiple stressors from anthropogenic sources. The development of a blue economy strategy needs a better knowledge of the environmental impacts. By protecting vulnerable areas, applying new technologies for deep-sea mineral exploration and mining, marine spatial planning, and a regulatory framework for minerals extraction, we may achieve sustainable management and use of our oceans.

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Taylor, John E. "Tourism to the Cook Islands." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April 2001): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010880401422007.

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7

Berno, Tracy, Eilidh Thorburn, Mindy Sun, and Simon Milne. "International visitor surveys." Hospitality Insights 3, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.53.

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International visitor surveys (IVS) are traditionally designed to provide destinations with marketing data and intelligence. The New Zealand Tourism Research Institute has been developing new approaches to IVS implementation and data collection in the Pacific Islands that can provide a much richer source of information [1]. The research outlined here is the first to utilise an IVS to explore the positioning of cuisine in the culinary identity of a destination – specifically, the cuisine of the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands is known primarily for its sun, sea and sand features, rather than its culinary attributes. Drawing on data mining of the Cook Islands IVS (2012–2016) and a web audit of destination websites and menus, this paper considers the positioning of food and food-related activities within the Pacific nation’s tourism experience. National tourism organisations are increasingly seeking competitive advantage by utilising their local cuisines as tourist attractions. Research suggests that distinctive local cuisines can act as both a tourism attraction, and as a means of shaping the identity of a destination [2, 3]. In addition to providing an important source of marketable images, local cuisine can also provide a unique experience for tourists. This reinforces the competitiveness and sustainability of the destination [2]. The cuisine of the Cook Islands has come up repeatedly in recommendations for how the country can grow its tourism revenue. Recommendations have been made to improve the food product on offer, develop a distinctive Cook Islands cuisine based on fresh, local produce, and to promote a Cook Islands cuisine experience [4, 5], and to use these to market the Cook Islands as a destination for local food tourism experiences [4]. Despite these recommendations, Cook Island cuisine features less prominently than stereotypical sun, sea, and sand marketing images, and little is known about tourists’ perceptions of and satisfaction with food and food-related activities [6]. Our research addresses this gap by mining IVS data to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences and perceptions of food in the Cook Islands and assessing whether local food can be positioned as means of creating a unique destination identity. Two methods were used to develop a picture of where food sits in the Cook Islands tourist experience: one focussed on tourist feedback; and the other focused on how food is portrayed in relevant online media. Analysis of all food-related data collected as part of the national IVS between 1 April 2012 and 30 June 2016 was conducted (N = 10,950). A web audit also focused on how food is positioned as part of the Cook Islands tourism product. After identifying the quantitative food-related questions in the IVS, satisfaction with these activities was analysed. Qualitative comments related to food experiences were also examined. The results suggest that participation in food-related activities is generally a positive feature of the visitor experience. The web-audit revealed, however, that food is not a salient feature in the majority of Cook Islands-related websites, and when food did feature, it tended to be oriented towards international cuisine with a ‘touch of the Pacific’ rather than specifically Cook Islands cuisine. This reinforced findings from the IVS data mining that Cook Islands food is presented as a generic tropical ‘seafood and fruit’ cuisine that, largely, lacks the defining and differentiating features of authentic Cook Island cuisine. High participation rates in food-related activities and overall positive evaluations by visitors emerged from the IVS data, yet a dearth of images and information on the country’s food suggests that the Cook Islands is not exploiting its cuisine and food experiences to their full potential. As a direct result of this secondary analysis of IVS data, which highlighted the importance of and potential for food-related activities, the Cook Islands Government is now actively addressing this gap by developing a range of food-related resources and information that can better link tourism to local cuisine. In addition to developing a greater presence of local food in online resources, the Cook Islands Tourism Corporation has also taken on board the messages from the IVS to drive the development of Takurua [7] – an initiative to develop and document local, traditional cuisine and share it with the world. This approach is part of a broader ongoing effort to differentiate the Cook Islands from other South Pacific destinations through its unique cultural attributes. Data mining and secondary analysis of IVS data has not been restricted to the identification of food-related opportunities. Secondary analysis of IVS data in the Pacific has also been used to investigate the impact of other niche markets such as events [8] and to gauge the impact of environmental incidents, for example Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu [9] and algal bloom in the Cook Islands [10], thus reinforcing that IVS data are a rich source of information and are indeed more than just numbers. Corresponding author Tracy Berno can be contacted at tracy.berno@aut.ac.nz References (1) New Zealand Tourism Research Institute (NZTRI). Cook Islands Resources and Outputs; NZTRI: Auckland. http://www.nztri.org.nz/cook-islands-resources (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (2) Lin, Y.; Pearson, T.; Cai, L. Food as a Form of Destination Identity: A Tourism Destination Brand Perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research 2011, 11, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.22 (3) Okumus, F.; Kock, G.; Scantlebury, M. M.; Okumus, B. Using Local Cuisines when Promoting Small Caribbean Island Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2013, 30 (4), 410–429. (4) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Linking Farmers to Markets: Realizing Opportunities for Locally Produced Food on Domestic and Tourist Markets in Cook Islands. FAO Sub-regional Office of the Pacific Islands: Apia, Samoa, 2014. (5) United Nations. “Navigating Stormy Seas through Changing winds”: Developing an Economy whilst Preserving a National Identity and the Modern Challenges of a Small Island Developing State. The Cook Islands National Report for the 2014 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Conference and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1074217Cook%20Is%20_%20Final%20NATIONAL%20SIDS%20Report.pdf (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (6) Boyera, S. Tourism-led Agribusiness in the South Pacific Countries; Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA): Brussels, 2016. (7) Cook Islands Tourism Corporation (CITC). Takurua: Food and Feasts of the Cook Islands; CITC: Avarua, Cook Islands, 2018. (8) Thorburn, E.; Milne, S.; Histen, S.; Sun, M.; Jonkers, I. Do Events Attract Higher Yield, Culturally Immersive Visitors to the Cook Islands? In CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations; Scerri, M., Ker Hui, L., Eds.; Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School: Sydney, 2016; pp 1065–1073. (9) Sun, M.; Milne, S. The Impact of Cyclones on Tourist Demand: Pam and Vanuatu. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field for Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds.; Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 731–734. (10) Thorburn, E.; Krause, C.; Milne, S. The Impacts of Algal Blooms on Visitor Experience: Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field For Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds., Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 582–587.

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8

Newport, Christina. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 33, no. 1 (2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2021.0010.

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9

Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 15, no. 1 (2003): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2003.0016.

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Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 16, no. 1 (2004): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2004.0014.

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Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 17, no. 1 (2005): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0016.

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Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 18, no. 1 (2006): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0087.

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Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 19, no. 1 (2007): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2007.0017.

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Jonassen, Jon. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 20, no. 1 (2007): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2008.0015.

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Newport, Christina. "Cook Islands." Contemporary Pacific 31, no. 1 (2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2019.0012.

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16

Taylor, J. "Tourism to the Cook Islands retrospective and prospective." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April 2001): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8804(01)80019-7.

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17

Siikala, Jukka. "Akono'anga Maori: Cook Islands Culture (review)." Contemporary Pacific 17, no. 1 (2005): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0032.

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18

Te Ava, Aue, Christine Rubie-Davies, Airini, and Alan Ovens. "Akaoraora'ia te peu ‘ā to ‘ui tūpuna: Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Cook Islands Secondary School Physical Education." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 42, no. 1 (August 2013): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.12.

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This research examines outcomes from introducing cultural values into Cook Islands secondary schools during two cycles of action research comprising planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The cultural values upon which the physical education lessons were based were: tāueue (participation), angaanga kapiti (cooperation), akatano (discipline), angaanga taokotai (community involvement), te reo Maori Kuki Airani (Cook Islands Maori language), and auora (physical and spiritual wellbeing). The cultural values were believed to be an essential element of teaching physical education but one challenge was how to assist teachers to implement the cultural values into classroom teaching as most participant teachers were not Cook Islanders. Findings from this action research project suggest that while participant teachers and community cultural experts may agree to incorporate cultural values in teaching Cook Islands secondary school students, teachers nonetheless find difficulties in implementing this objective.

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Mannakkara, Sandeeka, Suzanne Wilkinson, Maruia Willie, and Robert Heather. "Building Back Better in the Cook Islands: A Focus on the Tourism Sector." Procedia Engineering 212 (2018): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.106.

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20

Saretzki, Charlotte E. B., Gerhard Dobler, Elisabeth Iro, Yin May, Douglas Tou, Eteta Lockington, Michael Ala, Nicole Heussen, Bruno S. J. Phiri, and Thomas Küpper. "Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seroprevalence in the South Pacific populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu with associated environmental and social factors." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 11 (November 28, 2022): e0010626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010626.

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Background Arthropod-borne diseases pose a significant and increasing risk to global health. Given its rapid dissemination, causing large-scale outbreaks with severe human infections and economic loss, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the most important arboviruses worldwide. Despite its significance, the real global impact of CHIKV remains underestimated as outbreak data are often incomplete and based solely on syndromic surveillance. During 2011–2016, the South Pacific Region was severely affected by several CHIKV-epidemics, yet the area is still underrepresented in arboviral research. Methods 465 outpatient serum samples collected between 08/2016 and 04/2017 on three islands of the island states Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo) and the Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Aitutaki) were tested for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assays. Results A total of 30% (Cook Islands) and 8% (Vanuatu) of specimens were found positive for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies with major variations in national and intranational immunity levels. Seroprevalence throughout all age groups was relatively constant. Four potential outbreak-protective factors were identified by comparing the different study settings: presence of Ae. albopictus (in absence of ECSA E1-A226V-mutation CHIKV), as well as low levels of human population densities, residents’ travel activity and tourism. Conclusion This is the first seroprevalence study focussing on an arboviral disease in the Cook Islands and Vanuatu. It highlights the impact of the 2014/2015 CHIKV epidemic on the Cook Islands population and shows that a notable part of the Vanuatu test population was exposed to CHIKV although no outbreaks were reported. Our findings supplement the knowledge concerning CHIKV epidemics in the South Pacific Region and contribute to a better understanding of virus dissemination, including outbreak modifying factors. This study may support preventive and rapid response measures in affected areas, travel-related risk assessment and infection identification in returning travellers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Aachen: 051/16_09/05/2016 Cook Islands Ref.: #16-16 Vanuatu Ref.: MOH/DG 10/1/1-GKT/lr.

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Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Arvind Patel, Nikeel Kumar, and Selvin Prasad. "Exploring the Nexus Between Tourism and Output in Cook Islands: An ARDL Bounds Approach." Social Indicators Research 128, no. 3 (August 12, 2015): 1085–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1070-y.

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22

Sadaraka, Lisa. "#Timesup - it’s time to take action." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i1.28.

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Sexual harassment is prevalent in the hospitality industry with studies indicating that hospitality employees experience sexual harassment significantly more than employees in other industries. Studies also reveal that customers are generally the main perpetrators [1]. Like the Western world, tourism in the South Pacific has seen significant growth and is now the largest and fastest growing sector in the region [2]. However, despite tourism being the key economic driver for many Pacific Island countries, the prevalence of sexual harassment in this location is unknown. This study was conducted in the Cook Islands and investigated the sexual harassment experiences of hospitality employees, by customers. A qualitative approach was adopted involving in-depth interviews with 32 participants from across the industry. The study revealed a significant lack of awareness of sexual harassment and, given the lack of research attention in this region, it is anticipated that this problem is prevalent across the Pacific. Consistent with previous studies [3], alcohol was considered to have the greatest influence on customer behaviour. Supporting Hayner’s [4] ‘moral holiday’ perspective, employees were of the view that visitors behaved inappropriately simply because they were away from home and had a sense of anonymity. A key outcome of the study were the new themes that emerged on ‘cause’, which were unique to the study and its location. The commodification of Cook Islands culture, in particular, the sexualisation of traditional dance and costumes, was perceived to reduce the sexual inhibitions of visitors. A lack of awareness around cultural norms, the hospitable nature of Cook Islanders and titillating marketing messages were also perceived to inadvertently influence visitor behaviour. The ramifications of sexual harassment are serious and cannot be ignored by hospitality employers and managers. The study found that employees experienced a decline in their work performance, productivity, and overall job satisfaction. These outcomes are detrimental not only to individuals, but also to organisations, as they can increase costs and impact the bottom line [5]. Of particular concern, the study found that employees were leaving the industry because of sexual harassment. In light of the current labour market pressures in the Cook Islands tourism industry [6], the implications of this are grave. The research identifies a vital need for education and training with a focus on sexual harassment awareness, cultural awareness, body language and socials skills. The implementation of workplace policies and procedures on sexual harassment is also recommended. Implementing practical strategies at an operational level may also be beneficial for managers and owners. Bystander intervention is an effective approach and involves removing the harassed employee and replacing them with a colleague, before the situation escalates. Implementing host responsibility programmes to educate employees on the responsible sale and supply of alcohol is also recommended. Paramount to addressing the issue of sexual harassment, however, is a clear and visible commitment from management. Employers have an ethical responsibility to create a safe working environment for their employees. Our people are our greatest tourism asset. We need to protect them to ensure a sustainable tourism industry, both in the Pacific and elsewhere. Corresponding author Lisa Sadaraka can be contacted at lisa.sadaraka@aut.ac.nz References (1) Gettman, H. J.; Gelfand, M. J. When the Customer Shouldn’t be King: Antecedents and Consequences of Sexual Harassment by Clients and Customers. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, 92(3), 757–770. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.757 (2) The World Bank. Tourism, 2016. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/95491462763645997/WB-PP-Tourism.pdf (accessed Jun 7, 2018). (3) Yagil, D. When the Customer is Wrong: A Review of Research on Aggression and Sexual Harassment in Service Encounters. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2008, 13(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2008.03.002 (4) Hayner, N. S. Hotel Life and Personality. American Journal of Sociology 1928, 33(5), 784–795. (5) Ineson, E. M.; Yap, M. H. T.; Whiting, G. Sexual Discrimination and Harassment in the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2013, 35, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.012 (6) Sugden, C.; Bosworth, M.; Chung, M.; Tuara, A. Cook Islands 2008 Social and Economic Report: Equity in Development, 2008. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29732/cook-islands-economic-report-2008.pdf (accessed Jun 7, 2018).

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Chambers, Charlotte N. L. "Pasuaand the politics of environmental management, Tongareva, Cook Islands." Scottish Geographical Journal 124, no. 2-3 (June 2008): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702540802411808.

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Allen, Anne E. Guernsey. "The Art of Tivaevae: Traditional Cook Islands Quilting (review)." Contemporary Pacific 15, no. 2 (2003): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2003.0034.

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Marsters, Evelyn, Nick Lewis, and Wardlow Friesen. "Pacific flows: The fluidity of remittances in the Cook Islands." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 47, no. 1 (April 2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2006.00302.x.

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Balli, Faruk, Hatice O. Balli, and Nikau Tangaroa. "Research Note: The Impact of Marketing Expenditure on International Tourism Demand for the Cook Islands." Tourism Economics 21, no. 6 (December 2015): 1331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0407.

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Figueroa B., Eugenio, and Elena S. Rotarou. "Island Tourism-Based Sustainable Development at a Crossroads: Facing the Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 10081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810081.

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Tourism is often seen as the ‘golden ticket’ for the development of many islands. The current COVID-19 pandemic, however, has ground global tourism to a halt. In particular, islands that depend heavily on tourist inflows—including mass-tourism islands, and small island developing states (SIDS)—have seen their revenues diminish significantly, and poverty rates increasing. Some alternative-tourism islands have fared better, as they have focused on providing personalized, nature-based experiences to mostly domestic tourists. This article focuses on the experiences of mass-tourism islands, SIDS, and alternative-tourism islands during the COVID-19 pandemic, and offers possible post-pandemic scenarios, as well as recommendations for sustainable island tourism development. Although the pandemic has largely had a negative impact on the tourism sector, this is a unique opportunity for many islands to review the paradigm of tourism development. In this newly emerging world, and under a still very uncertain future scenario, the quadriptych of sustainability is more important than ever. Responsible governance and management of islands’ natural resources and their tourism activities, addressing climate change impacts, the diversification of islands’ economies, and the promotion of innovative and personalized tourist experiences are all necessary steps towards increasing islands’ resilience in case of future economic downturn or health- and environment-related crises.

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Mcelroy, Jerome L. "Tourism development in small islands across the world." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 85, no. 4 (December 2003): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2003.00145.x.

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Douglas, Norman, and Ngaire Douglas. "Internet Tourism Sites Review?Pacific Islands." International Journal of Tourism Research 2, no. 5 (2000): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-1970(200009/10)2:5<361::aid-jtr235>3.0.co;2-m.

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Nugraha, Yudhi Martha. "ANALISIS POTENSI PROMOSI PARIWISATA HALAL MELALUI E-MARKETING DI KEPULAUAN RIAU." PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v3i2.2990.

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Riau Islands is an area that is projected for the halal tourism development. E-marketing can develope halal tourism in this area. However, a lack of awareness of the potential of halal tourism makes this industry becoming less developed in these this area. The purpose of the E-marketing is analyzing the potential for halal tourism in riau islands. The method was used in this research is descriptive analysis by doing of interviews and questionnaires. Results of the study show that shari'a tourism in riau islands are potential. However, halal tourism is interpreted as religious tourism. For the development of halal tourism, E-marketing should play a role as a pillar of halal tourism in terms of planning, publicity, package, and determination of tourist destinations. Finally, halal tourism needs reconstruction on the guidelines of halal tourism can be our recommendations . These guidelines are important because it will become the standard for tourism stakeholders in defining the halal tourism.

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Royle, Stephen A. "Book Review: Sustainable tourism in islands and small states: issues and politics; Sustainable tourism in islands and small states: case studies." Progress in Human Geography 21, no. 3 (June 1997): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913259702100312.

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Newmeyer, Trent. "‘Under the Wing of Mr. Cook’: Transformations in Tourism Governance." Mobilities 3, no. 2 (July 2008): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450100802095320.

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Ruggieri, Giovanni, Marco Platania, and Julian Zarb. "Island Development Model Specialisation: A Panel Data Analysis Comparing Evolutionary Tourism Model, Industrial to Community-Based (2010–2019)." Economies 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10090208.

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Islands are frequently characterised by an economic structure centred on tourism and the service sector. This specialisation has taken different forms and characterisations concerning the chosen or spontaneously developed model. To understand the development choices and patterns, this article analyses sixteen islands and archipelagos in the European Union over ten years from 2010 to 2019. A panel data analysis was based on critical variables identifying the tourism industry model from those that could represent a proxy of the community-based tourism model. The principal component analysis was adopted to compare the evolutionary trends of these two different ways of choosing the island’s tourism model. Findings identified before the COVID-19 pandemic crisis include two island clusters. One group of islands followed a spontaneous tourism model based on the local community and small or micro hospitality systems, with auto-entrepreneurship in tourism. The second group of islands followed a planning and industry-based tourist model with an employment system and a relevant hospitality industry. Both paradigms have limitations and identify two different tourism evolutionary scenarios useful for the EU’s future island tourism policies.

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ROBERTSON, HUGH A., IAN KARIKA, and EDWARD K. SAUL. "Translocation of Rarotonga Monarchs Pomarea dimidiata within the southern Cook Islands." Bird Conservation International 16, no. 3 (July 31, 2006): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270906000268.

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The translocation of species to a new site plays an important role in the conservation of many threatened birds; however, the problems and processes involved in planning and implementing such translocations are rarely reported. In order to establish a second secure ‘insurance’ population of the endangered Rarotonga Monarch Pomarea dimidiata, or Kakerori, 30 young birds were moved from the Takitumu Conservation Area on Rarotonga to the 2,700 ha island of Atiu between 2001 and 2003. The translocation of this single-island endemic was to a site outside the historical range of the species, because the small, but rapidly growing, population on Rarotonga was considered to be highly vulnerable to a catastrophe, such as a cyclone, or the arrival of a new bird disease or predator. The translocation followed consultation with local communities, an assessment of the suitability of islands in the southern Cook Islands, and an assessment of the disease risk posed by the translocation. The translocation appears to have been successful because Rarotonga Monarchs have bred well in a variety of forest habitats on Atiu.

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Weaver, David B. "Model of Urban Tourism for Small Caribbean Islands." Geographical Review 83, no. 2 (April 1993): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215251.

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Ding, Ji-Feng, Yen-Cheng Tseng, and Tsung-Yen Wang. "Determinants of tourism attractiveness for Taiwan’s offshore islands." Island Studies Journal 17, no. 1 (May 2022): 280–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.384.

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Evaluating the influence factors of the attractiveness of offshore island tourism will help to understand customers’ motivations in choosing tourism activities, and for the travel operators to improve their promotion of tourism products. This paper employed the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method to empirically analyze the determinants of tourism attractiveness of Taiwan’s offshore islands. The results indicate that the ‘substantial aspect’ is the most important evaluation dimension on offshore island tourism attractiveness. Among the 16 influence factors, the ‘natural resources of regional attractions,’ ‘cultural heritage and cultural resources,’ and ‘well-established and convenient transportation’ are the most three determinants about the tourism attractiveness of Taiwan’s offshore islands. Furthermore, some discussions concerning the key determinates are provided for Taiwan’s offshore tourism.

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Wrangham, Rachel. "Management or domination? Planning tourism in the Banda Islands, Eastern Indonesia." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 11, no. 2/3 (April 1999): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596119910251011.

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Hong, Gang. "Islands of enclavisation: Eco‐cultural island tourism and the relational geographies of near‐shore islands." Area 52, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12521.

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Baldacchino, Godfrey. "Island Genres, Genre Islands: Conceptualisation and Representation in Popular Fiction; Postcolonial Nations, Islands and Tourism." Round Table 108, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2019.1617960.

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Bryce, Robert M. "One man's trash: the recovery of Frederick A. Cook's original telegram drafts announcing his attainmentof the North Pole." Polar Record 45, no. 4 (October 2009): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008419.

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ABSTRACTOn 1 September 1909, Dr Frederick A. Cook landed at Lerwick in the Shetland Islands and cabled the unexpected news that he had reached the North Pole on 21 April of the previous year. This article recounts the equally unexpected recovery of the original telegram drafts Cook wrote for the cables sent from Lerwick. It discusses new details they add to the historical record and confirms others that previously had no confirmation. It also verifies the authenticity of the drafts, and, based on the physical condition of the recovered documents and documentary clues, it traces what can be known of the history of these documents between the time Cook wrote them and their publication a century later, proposing how they might have been originally saved from destruction in 1909.

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Futter-Puati, Debbie, Linda Bryder, Julie Park, Judith Littleton, and Phyllis Herda. "Partnerships for health: Decimating tuberculosis in the Cook Islands, 1920–1975." Health & Place 25 (January 2014): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.10.006.

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Giampiccoli, Andrea, Oliver Mtapuri, and Anna Dłużewska. "Sustainable tourism and community-based tourism in small islands: a policy analysis." Forum geografic [:ro]XX[:], no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.057.i.

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Ruggieri, Giovanni, and Patrizia Calò. "Tourism Dynamics and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis between Mediterranean Islands—Evidence for Post-COVID-19 Strategies." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074183.

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Tourism may not sustainably support territories with limited natural resource stock such as islands. The volume of visitor arrivals and the industry investments can increase the pressure even beyond sustainable levels. There is an evident and unresolved tension between these two great polarities, sustainability and economic growth driven by tourism. The aim for policymakers is to find an acceptable equilibrium between these two dimensions. This paper investigates tourism evolution between 2007 and 2019 in 15 Mediterranean islands, comparing tourism pressures through statistical indicators. The analysis will compare tourism demand and supply trends in these contexts. The performances will be evaluated to identify the islands’ positioning between sustainability needs and tourism development opportunities while considering post-COVID-19 challenges.

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Collison, Fredrick M., and Daniel L. Spears. "Marketing cultural and heritage tourism: the Marshall Islands." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2010): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506181011045208.

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Croes, Robertico. "Tourism specialization and economic output in small islands." Tourism Review 68, no. 4 (October 28, 2013): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-09-2013-0050.

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Veraja, Stanka. "Pregled turističkog razvitka Elafitskih otoka." Geoadria 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.162.

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The topic of this study is Tourism Development on the Elaphite Islands from the end ofthe World War I to the present. The Elaphites is a group of islands in the NW of Dubrovnikand so they represent an integral part of Dubrovnik tourist offer. The tourist offer of theElaphite Islands is based on the beautiful nature, the cultural heritage and the specifics of theenvironment which are emphasized in this study. The sequence of tables shows the flow oftourism tournover in detail: internacional and domestic tourist arrivals and overnights infigures for particular seasons. This study specially higlights the tourism as an activity on theElaphite Islands that has been developing successfully and continuously for the past 80 yearsbut in the same time is followed by growing depopulation. The future will clarify whether anew stage of higher quality tourism development could materialize without demographic andeconomic revival of theses islands.

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Baixinho, Alexandra, Carlos Santos, Gualter Couto, Isabel Soares de Albergaria, Leonor Sampaio da Silva, Pilar Damião Medeiros, and Rosa Maria Neves Simas. "Creative Tourism on Islands: A Review of the Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 10313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410313.

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In the last two decades, creative tourism has evolved as a burgeoning field, encompassing a wide range of concepts and practices, in different places around the world. From the very beginning, however, creative tourism has aimed to contribute to sustainable development and increased community wellbeing, as an alternative to mass cultural tourism. With this review article, our main objective is to identify and analyze a body of literature that specifically addresses creative tourism in islands, contributing to fill a gap in the knowledge since no reviews with this focus have yet been undertaken. Our aim is to provide a critical overview of creative tourism experiences at island destinations worldwide, addressing the plurality of empirical contexts and methodological approaches found in academic research. This review highlights the key trends in creative tourism, pointing out two distinct approaches: creative tourism in urban contexts, based on creative events, “cultural clusters” or Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs), versus community-focused small-scale tourism experiences in rural contexts. This paper also provides an opportunity to assess the evolution of sustainable creative tourism approaches in islands.

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Tamangaro King, Wayne, and Janet G. Maki. "The convention on biological diversity: in-situ conservation in the cook islands." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 6, no. 3 (November 1997): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00112.

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Batista, Maria da Graça, Gualter Couto, Rui Alexandre Castanho, Áurea Sousa, Pedro Pimentel, and Célia Carvalho. "The Rural and Nature Tourism Development Potential in Islands." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095289.

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It has become evident that rural tourism grew significantly during the pandemic compared to mass tourism. However, at this time, all the forecasts were wrapped in considerable uncertainty regarding travel, which is not without the elevated associated risk. Therefore, we assessed the perceptions of the entrepreneurs in relation to rural tourism activities regarding the advantages of their rural tourism activity in the Azores for customers. Furthermore, the potential for developing this typology of tourism is pivotal for obtaining very reliable data and information on this topic and enabling us to provide guidelines for the leading regional players. In this regard, an exploratory method was used to assess the perceptions of the entrepreneurs with rural tourism activities in the Azores Islands regarding the customers’ experiences and some other important aspects concerning the promotion of this type of tourism in the region. Throughout this study, it was possible to verify that the most relevant obstacles to the development of rural tourism in the Azores region are the preservation and conservation of nature and endogenous resources and delivering proper infrastructures and regional accessibilities. Contrarily, the increase in community and regional funding and support for rural tourism could be key to the prosperity of this typology of tourism in this insular territory.

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Favro, Srećko, and Iva Saganić. "Prirodna obilježja hrvatskog litoralnog prostora kao komparativna prednost za razvoj nautičkog turizma." Geoadria 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.116.

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Having in mind Croatian littoral area with its unique attractive coast and islands, it can be said that nautical tourism is absolutely authentic and distinctly recognizable Croatian "tourist product". In spite of numerous comparative advantages, Croatian nautical tourism still has not taken the right place on the market of Mediterranean nautical tourism. Future development of nautical tourism with its complementary activities – nautical economy, should be considered as the driving force for social and economic development of Croatian coastal area and islands, and it should be correctly dimensioned in accordance with carrying capacity of the geographical basis and sustainable development principles. Adequate valorization of Croatia’s most important resources, coast and islands, based on sustainable development principles and long-term systematic actions would improve social and economic position of Croatian Adriatic area.

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