Journal articles on the topic 'Tourism as a social force'
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1
Timakova, Roza, and Vitali Maksimeniuk. "Sustainable tourism development at the level of health-improving tourism: social-legal aspect." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129605018.
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The paper considers one of the aspects of sustainable development - sustainable tourism development in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals aimed at preserving the natural resources of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The research of this phenomenon is carried out using the analysis of regulatory legal acts in force in the field of tourism. Since most authors consider the purpose of travel to be one of the generally accepted criteria for dividing into types of tourism, the study was conducted on the basis of one of the most common types of tourism – health-improving tourism, the conceptual apparatus of which is formed under the influence of various conceptual approaches, based on the actual resource potential and features of the promotion of tourist services in the territories of tourist destinations. The proposals on amendments and additions to the existing regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation determine the priority of the concept of “sustainable development” in the field of tourism activities.
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Dziubiński, Zbigniew, and Martyna Sitek. "SOCIAL TRUST AND TOURISM." Folia Turistica 49 (December 31, 2018): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0818.
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Purpose. The aim of the work is to learn the theoretical assumptions regarding the culture of trust and culture of distrust in relation to (post) modern tourism. Method. The basic method is to analyseliterature on the subject using the two theoretical perspectives dominating in sociology, namely the perspectives of functionalism and the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Results. If there is a high level of trust in the field of tourism, the result of this situation is optimism, commitment and innovation, a climate of mobilisation, activity, the potential for creativity is released, and people have a sense of freedom and subjectivity. As a consequence, structural conditions for the development of tourism are created. The reverse situation occurs when the culture of mistrust is dominant in tourism, which leads to withdrawal, passivity, demobilisation, atomisation, alienation and distancing itself from other individual and collective actors of the tourist scene. This state of affairs causes reduction in the subjective potential of the tourism community, the ability to creatively, innovatively and strengthen the culture of distrust in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. No limitations of the tests occurred. Inference, as in the social sciences, is probabilistic in nature. Practical implications. The final conclusions should contribute to greater awareness of tourism participants about the role and importance of social trust in the development of the area of life that interests us. Originality. The description of tourism uses a soft variable which is social trust. The work is to make all tourism participants aware that this variable, after aggregation, is transformed into a powerful force that determines the progress or regression of tourism. Type of work. The article is a theoretical review in which the analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism from a sociological perspective and using the notion of the innovative concept in scientific circulation of social trust is undertaken.
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Chung, Min Gon, Anna Herzberger, Kenneth A. Frank, and Jianguo Liu. "International Tourism Dynamics in a Globalized World: A Social Network Analysis Approach." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519844834.
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A complex network of tourism has emerged in the globalized world, but there is little research on the dynamics of global tourism networks and the underlying forces that affect those dynamics. Using international tourism data for 124 countries between 2000 and 2013, we integrated cluster analyses and social network models to identify the structures of global tourism networks and uncover factors affecting changes in international tourist flows. Results indicate that global tourism networks have become highly consolidated over time and that reduced transaction costs (e.g., language, distance, and visa policies) are more important in attracting international tourists than natural and cultural attractions. Furthermore, cost of living differences between countries decreased in importance over time. Finally, international tourist flows are resilient to political instability and terrorism risks. Our approach and findings highlight the key strategic factors for decision-making to implement proactive tourism policies.
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Hrynokh, N. V., V. I. Dmytruk, L. A. Diachenko, and A. O. Kniazevych. "Social and economic aspects of cross-border cooperation of Ukraine and Poland in the field of tourism." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111940.
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The research is devoted to the disclosure of socio-economic aspects of cross- border cooperation in the field of tourism of Ukraine and Poland, which is important in today’s conditions of development of globalization processes and transformation of social relations. Such relationships are formed between people in different geographic areas, which determine their social mood and social behaviour. The signing of the visa-free travel agreement between Ukraine and the EU on 17 May 2017 and its entry into force on 11 June 2017 has become an important factor in the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland, in particular within the border areas and in the context of cross-border cooperation of the Carpathian Euroregion. Tourists from Ukraine have better opportunities than before to travel to many European countries, and tourist migration contributes to the integration of peoples, building good-neighbourly relations and tolerance, economic, cultural, scientific and other forms of cooperation. That is why it is necessary to study the socio-economic aspects of the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland at the level of the Carpathian Euroregion. The attention of the authors of this article is devoted to the study of the historical and cultural heritage of the four regions of Ukraine and the counties of Poland included in the Carpathian Euroregion as one of the important factors influencing the development of tourism. The article analyzes a number of key indicators of the activity of the subjects of the tourist market and the trends in their changes, as well as the geographical structure of tourist flows and the administrative and territorial division of the regions of the Ukrainian-Polish transboundary. Positive trends in the growth of a number of key indicators of tourism activity in Lviv region give reason to assert the high level of activity of tourism services market participants and that Lviv region has good preconditions for the development of many types of tourism , which can increase the flow of revenue to local budgets. Statistical materials of the Main Department of Statistics in Lviv Oblast have also made it possible to analyze the indicators for those areas that are part of the Carpathian Euroregion and characterize the specifics of the development of the tourism sector. It is proposed to form an updated marketing strategy for tourism management in Ukraine in the context of the changing conditions that have taken place in the tourist services market after the entry into force of the visa-free travel agreement between Ukraine and the EU, which will positively influence the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland at the level of the Carpathian Euroregion.
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Et al., Nilufar Kh Komilova. "TOURIST DESTINATION AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1082.
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This article describes the basic concept of "tourist destination" in the tourism system, its content and essence, the definition given by various scholars, that destination is a geographical region with a certain attractiveness for tourists. The definitions of the concept of "destination" proposed by the authors in scientific sources are based on the division into four groups according to their important aspects: territorial, economic, social, administrative. While the assessment of the concept of "tourist destination" in the regional context is based primarily on the criterion of "dependence" on the specific geographical location of the region, economically tourist destination is considered as a specific destination for tourists and is considered an economic category. one is that there is a tourist demand.
While the social aspect is the interpretation of a tourist destination as a specific socio-geographical place, it is conceived that any system is governed by forces of a natural nature as a subject of management that characterizes the concept of a tourist destination. The article also touches on the concept of "tourism industry" and the work on the development of tourism in Uzbekistan today.
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Upadhyay, Prakash. "Tourist-Host Interactions and Tourism Experiences: A Study of Tourism Experiences and Effects in Sikles, Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v11i1.26619.
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It is necessary to create a positive interaction between host and tourist for achieving and maintaining sustainable tourism in a destination. The quality and frequency of interaction between tourist and resident contributes to tourists’ experience, perception of the visited destination, local socio-cultural and environmental status, and acceptance and tolerance of tourists by residents. The key objective of this study is to examine the international tourist experiences, interaction with residents, and the social, cultural and environmental effects of tourism in the host community of Sikles. The research was conducted among 50 international tourist visiting Sikles during January, 2019. The results shows that village tourism of Sikles is a phenomenon representing nature conservation, adventure, life style, experience and above all benefit to the local people. Foreign tourist visited Sikles for adventure-trekking, relaxes and rest and their expectations were fulfilled during their visit, and there prevails a jovial relationship between tourist and host with a broad spectrum of tourism experiences and impact on local community. However, tourism as a global phenomenon has brought both positive and negative impacts on economic, environmental and social lives which are crucial for leading changes and revitalization of local society, culture and economy of Sikles. Indigenous Gurung culture has become more differentiated and the forces of tourism are strong enough to influence every spheres of local life. But, the effervescent interaction between tourist and host, experiences, perspicacity of jovial relations, the budding social, cultural and environmental challenges has amplified the awareness of both tourist and host for sustainable eco-friendly tourism.
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Gonda, Tibor, Kinga Angler, and László Csóka. "The Role of Local Products in Tourism." European Countryside 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0006.
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Abstract There is a resurgence of regional and local products in Hungary today. Thanks to the development of local businesses, communities and towns are also able to derive a number of economic, environmental, social and cultural advantage. The products in focus are emerging in tourism more often, frequently acting as foundations of tourist attractions built upon them, providing the receiving end with a unique and authentic force of attraction that follow the present trends. The aim of our study was to explore tourists’ needs for local products and the role of local food in regional tourism services. The region of our empirical research was the area of Baranya and Tolna counties in Southern Hungary where we analyzed local producers’ and their consumers’ attitudes towards local products.
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Favro, Srećko, and Iva Saganić. "Prirodna obilježja hrvatskog litoralnog prostora kao komparativna prednost za razvoj nautičkog turizma." Geoadria 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.116.
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Having in mind Croatian littoral area with its unique attractive coast and islands, it can be said that nautical tourism is absolutely authentic and distinctly recognizable Croatian "tourist product". In spite of numerous comparative advantages, Croatian nautical tourism still has not taken the right place on the market of Mediterranean nautical tourism. Future development of nautical tourism with its complementary activities – nautical economy, should be considered as the driving force for social and economic development of Croatian coastal area and islands, and it should be correctly dimensioned in accordance with carrying capacity of the geographical basis and sustainable development principles. Adequate valorization of Croatia’s most important resources, coast and islands, based on sustainable development principles and long-term systematic actions would improve social and economic position of Croatian Adriatic area.
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Bartoluci, Mato, Zvjezdana Hendija, and Mateja Petračić. "Prerequisites of Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Continental Croatia." Acta Economica Et Turistica 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe goal of this paper was to analyze the current status of rural tourism in Croatia and to identify possibilities, guidelines and methods of its sustainable development. The research has shown that rural tourism in Croatia falls behind the sun-and-beach holiday tourism in coastal Croatia and that numerous and diverse natural and social resources in Continental Croatia are insufficiently employed, especially in the Continental part of the country Past research of rural tourism in continental Croatia relied on individual entrepreneurial initiative and scarce funding resources, so that consequently a heterogeneous and fragmented rural tourism offer, based on various tourism forms and special interest tourism types, has developed in an unorganized way. However, rural tourism can become a driving force for the development of rural areas, taking into account the concept of sustainable development, based on the balance of economic, ecological and social responsibility. In the future, it should encourage development projects that ensure integrated tourist offer and thereby enable long-term sustainable development of rural tourism in continental Croatia.
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Dzyad, Olena V., Viktoriia Y. Redko, Nataliya O. Krasnikova, Olga G. Mihaylenko, and Yuliya N. Stasiuk. "On the issue of sustainable development of tourism in the Black Sea countries." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112042.
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The article observes the relevance and substantiates the need to raise the problem of tourism development in the countries of the Black Sea region (Turkey, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Romania and Bulgaria) on the basis of sustainability. Systematization of approaches to the definition of «sustainable development of tourism», «sustainable tourism» and «tourism constancy» has conditioned the elaboration of a sustainable tourism development model, the elements of which are the needs of tourists, tourism resources, tourism services, types of tourism, tourism activities, subjects - tourist, tourist enterprise, destinations and the state (management). It was determined that the achievement of sustainable tourism development in the country should be evaluated from the standpoint of meeting the needs of tourists and considering the factors such as security, sustainable tourism services, economic and environmental sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, the country’s basic sustainaility and political and regulatory constancy. During the study, the needs of the tourist were identified (cognition, recognition and his acceptance of the cultural, historical, national heritage of the destination, the development of spiritual potential and self-development), which act as a driving force for the growth of demand for sustainable types of tourism. It was found that satisfying the physiological needs of a tourist, his staying in a safe environment, confirming his social, professional, family status is associated with mass tourism, and does not fully contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. It is determined that the development of tourism in the Black Sea countries is characterized by a high loading on tourist facilities and irregular tourist flows, the irrational use of natural resources, and the continuous expansion of infrastructure that allows only fragmentary observance of the principles of sustainable development . To assess the sustainability of tourism in the countries of the region, we used the author’s methodology for ranking the factors of the tourism sustainability index. Calculations demonstrated that the most important factors for tourists in the Black Sea region are the factor of safety, tourism services and the basic state of stability of the country, which is based on the level of food technology usage; the presence of harmful industries in the country; unemployment rate in the country; the importance of tradition in everyday life; international openness safety factors, tourist services and the basic condition of stability of the country. Environmental sustainability and a sociocultural strategy have a moderate impact. In the ranking of the countries of the Black Sea region according to the calculated tourism sustainability index, Georgia took the first place, and Ukraine received the lowest indicator. By the method of cluster analysis, the countries of the Black Sea region were combined into three clusters. The first cluster was formed by Turkey - a country that has a developed system of mass tourism and actively contributes to its reorientation continuously. The second cluster includes Bulgaria, Romania and Georgia, which combine the processes of active development of traditional and sustainable tourism. In the third cluster, which includes Russia and Ukraine, the development of tourism on the principles of sustainability practically does not occur.
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Swesti, Woro. "Dampak Pariwisata Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Budaya Masyarakat di Banda Aceh." Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47608/jki.v13i22019.49-65.
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Various conditions are force the tourism development in Banda Aceh, one of them is tsunami wave in 2006. The condition of the people of Aceh who had been in a bad political and security with the presence of military operations and prolonged conflict, affected the way the Aceh community interacts with migrant (tourists). The study of the impact of tourism on socio-cultural is important to ensure that tourism development in Aceh does not disturb the sustainability of the socio-cultural aspects. The interaction between tourists and local people in Banda Aceh has a social and cultural impact. The socio-cultural impact of tourism development can be seen from the preservation of local culture such as traditional dances, Aceh's cultural history, preservation of various historic buildings in Aceh. While the negative impact of tourism on socio-cultural conditions can be seen from the response of local communities to the existence of tourism such as the emergence of conflicts of interest among stakeholders, and social problems such as gambling and prostitution. Some of part of the communities who think that tourism development is against Islamic law is become a challenge for tourism policy makers in Aceh. To anticipate this, it is necessary to change the strategy in developing tourism in Aceh. The community needs to be involved in determining policies and decisions related to tourism in their area.
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Chudy-Hyski, D., and Michał Żemła. "Internal conditions of mountain rural areas in Poland development through tourism." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 2 (2012): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020493.
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Mountain areas in Poland constitute a special territory with respect to physico-geographical, economic and social aspects. There are specific environmental, economic and cultural conditions, which on one hand restrain and on the other provide chances of these areas development. Environmental conditions involve higher economic costs mainly in agriculture but also in other fields, such as construction or transportation. Other characteristics of these areas include landscape values which just through development of tourism can at least partially recompense the local communities the limited opportunities of gaining incomes. Thus increasing the competitiveness of the tourism product of mountain areas in line with principles of sustainable development remains among the basic topics concerned by local, regional and national authorities, when dealing with socio-economic development of those areas.In order that an individual commune may use tourism as a driving force for local socio-economic development, in the first place there must be conditions favourable for practising various forms of tourism (bases for starting and then intensifying the tourist movement are necessary prerequisites), secondly opportunities must be opened up for creating various enterprises connected with tourism and providing services for tourists, and capable of meeting increased needs of local communities. Conditions (factors) determining mountain communes predisposition for undertaking and realisation of development through tourism may be either of external or internal character.A detailed analysis was conducted in the paper only on the internal conditions. These conditions were analysed considering their diversified character, which was presented as identification of partial conditions, i.e. infrastructural, economic, environmental (natural and anthropogenic) and social conditions characterised by individual diagnostic features.
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Haque, Md Ziaul. "The Impact Of Economic Crisis On Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective." International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v1i1.29.
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The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly in 2010 and in 2011 the international tourist arrivals and receipts are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace. In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money
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Putri, Kattya Nusantari, Muhammad Adam Asgar, and Andi Nur Apung Massiseng. "Study of potential and development strategy of the Botolempangan Tourist Village in Maros Regency, Indonesia." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.435-448.
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The growing public interest in travelling has become a different strength for the tourism industry currently. The existence of a person on a trip that can be shown on social media can be a force that indirectly becomes a promotional tool. The tourist village that is currently trending is a form of tourism which consists of natural tourism which is integrated with other tours, to provide a unique value compared to additional terms. The Karst area in Maros and Pangkep Regencies has the potential to be used as a tourist area, but currently, these karst areas have been widely used as raw material for the cement industry. One of the villages that has natural karst tourism in Maros Regency is the village of Botolempangan which has been planned by the village government as a tourism village because it has various unique natural resources that can become new income alternatives for the community, so it is essential to be developed as well as a reason to maintain the area. Karst which began to be eroded by industrial companies. The purpose of this study was to identify tourism potential and analyze the development strategy of the tourist village of Botolempangan. The research method used is observation, in-depth interviews and FGD. The analysis used is a descriptive qualitative analysis and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the village of Botolempangan has tourism potential in the form of natural karst tourism, cave tourism (leang), fisheries tourism, Sulawesi endemic monkeys, natural scenery, outbound, camping and educational tours. Based on the SWOT analysis, there are four strategies that can be carried out to develop the tourist village of Botolempangan, i.e. 1). The increased synergy between the government, universities and the community, especially managers in maximizing the supporting factors for the implementation of tourism villages 2). We are managing the Botolempangan karst area into a tourism village that is integrated with nature tourism, fisheries tourism, culinary tours and educational tours 3). Optimizing village budgets to improve tourist facilities and providing education for managers in supporting tourism 4). Increased promotions that prioritize the uniqueness of the region, facilities and the convenience of visiting through social media and partnerships with a local travel.
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Nilsson, Jan Henrik. "Conceptualizing and contextualizing overtourism: the dynamics of accelerating urban tourism." International Journal of Tourism Cities 6, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-08-2019-0117.
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Purpose From the background of the dramatic increase of urban tourism, framed by the concept of overtourism, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss current dynamic processes of urban tourism growth, as presented in the scientific literature. With the help of a literature review, this paper aims to discuss current definitions and conceptualizations of overtourism and discuss the driving forces for the growth of urban tourism, thereby situating overtourism in relational to general structural change. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds on a non-exhaustive review of the scientific literature about overtourism and related topics, supplemented by a review of a few central policy documents. Findings Conceptually, overtourism relates to two different, but related, perspectives. The first one concern (negative) experiences of resident population and visitors, whereas the second relates to thresholds for the carrying capacity of destinations. Most of the reviewed literature focuses on three aspects of overtourism: localized problems in inner cities, the supply of unregulated accommodation through Airbnb and Airbnbs as a driving force of gentrification. Important perspectives are missing from the literature, mainly related to the development of driving forces of urban tourism growth in time and space. This observation is the starting point for a discussion on driving forces in an evolutionary perspective with the ambition of relating the growth of urban tourism to long waves of structural development. Research limitations/implications The paper focuses on overtourism in urban contexts, rural tourism is not discussed. Practical implications In identifying the importance of driving forces for understanding the dynamics of urban tourism growth, a holistic view on managing mitigation might be possible. Originality/value The paper adds an evolutionary perspective to the discussion about overtourism and its causes. Thereby, it answers to a need to take tourism seriously in social science, as a major economic, social and ecologic force. In emphasizing the relationship between driving forces on different geographic scales and levels, power relations are highlighted. The paper discusses the role of driving forces for mitigating overtourism. An understanding of the dynamics of driving forces is essential for the development of urban sustainable tourism.
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Lapointe, Dominic, and Myra Coulter. "Place, Labor, and (Im)mobilities: Tourism and Biopolitics." Tourism Culture & Communication 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830420x15894802540160.
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Contemporary tourism is omnipresent in development discourses and policies, functioning as a "worldmaking" force in which tourism activities provide a representation and storyline that influence the tourist and their behavior, thus becoming a form of social production. Justifying the inclusion of biopolitics as a response to the questions raised by the worldmaking tenet, this article aims to set the concept of biopolitics as the articulation between dominant structures and agency. As contemporary social life and the reproduction of society are integrated into the scope of market capitalism, and the state exerts its role as protector of the "free" market, biopolitics functions through the internalization of the rules of conduct by individuals, as well as through the economic integration of previously noneconomic spheres. Conducting a systematic literature review to expose the presence of the biopolitical lens in tourism research reveals the relevance of pursuing critical and unconventional research strategies. A diverse yet limited corpus of texts has developed in the context of the persistence and pervasiveness of both biopolitics and tourism in complex and uneven global social, political, and spatiotemporal systems and networks, highlighting new theoretical constellations rooted primarily in Foucauldian biopolitics. This essay uncovers a powerful entanglement of nonlinear and multiscalar tourism elements, and calls for ambitiously undertaking tourism research to address tourism discourses, structures, and practices in place and society.
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Song, Haiyan, Gang Li, and Zheng Cao. "Tourism and Economic Globalization: An Emerging Research Agenda." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 8 (October 23, 2017): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517734943.
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Globalization characterizes the economic, social, political, and cultural spheres of the modern world. Tourism has long been claimed as a crucial force shaping globalization, while in turn the developments of the tourism sector are under the influences of growing interdependence across the world. As globalization proceeds, destination countries have become more and more susceptible to local and global events. By linking the existing literature coherently, this study explores a number of themes on economic globalization in tourism. It attempts to identify the forces underpinning globalization and assess the implications on both the supply side and the demand side of the tourism sector. In view of a lack of quantitative evidence, future directions for empirical research have been suggested to investigate the interdependence of tourism demand, the convergence of tourism productivity, and the impact of global events.
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Liu, Jingjing, and Peter Nijkamp. "Inbound Tourism as a Driving Force for Regional Innovation: A Spatial Impact Study on China." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 4 (May 16, 2018): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518771223.
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Cross-border flows of people, capital, and information along with inbound tourism flows can act as an important vehicle that benefits the innovation system in tourism destination areas. This study addresses the unintended but far-reaching impact of international tourism by focusing on the influence of inbound tourism on regional innovation in China. Data from 30 Chinese provinces for the years 2003–2012 are used for the empirical analysis, employing a spatial panel data model. The results show that inbound tourism may be a new and powerful driving force for regional innovation, while the effect of inbound tourism on technological innovation appears to be weaker than that on social innovation. Our findings also show that a higher market percentage of domestic tourism may weaken the impact of inbound tourism. Furthermore, the impact of inbound tourism on innovation tends to be relatively stronger in the richer and more internationally oriented provinces of China.
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P.S, Pratheep. "The Impact Of Tourism On Indian Culture." KnE Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (April 13, 2017): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i3.765.
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<p>Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries. Increased leisure time and changes in lifestyle and consumption have given renewed importance to tourism. Travel outside a person's local area for leisure was largely confined to wealthy classes, who at times travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, <a title="Multilingualism" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism">learn new languages</a>, experience new cultures, and to taste different <a title="Cuisine" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine">cuisines</a>. Tourism also encourages respect for and preservation of monuments and heritage properties.” At the interface between culture and tourism lies a series of deep and challenging issues relating to how we deal with issues of political engagement, social justice, economic change, belonging, identity and meaning. Tourism is a cultural phenomenon. It both impacts cultures and society, and is shaped by cultures and society. There is a deep influence of tourists and tourism on host country. Tourism is genuinely powerful and unique force for change in the community. Tourist impact has been most noticeable in lesser developed countries but is not entirely restricted to them. The cultural impact of tourism is concerned with the question of protecting and maintaining the cultural heritage and certain allied issues. The paper is an attempt to discuss the impact of tourism on Indian culture. The research design of this paper will be descriptive in nature.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Manila Declaration, Tradition, Value system, tribal tourism, Globalization<strong></strong></em></p>
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Paskova, Martina, and Josef Zelenka. "How crucial is the social responsibility for tourism sustainability?" Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2018-0057.
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Purpose The paper aims to analyse the social responsibility concept and to explore its role in the implementation process of the tourism sustainability concept. The intention is to explore the way in which the social responsibility concept is implemented in the tourism and analyse how it contributes to its sustainability. Design/methodology/approach In this interpretivist research, the authors implemented a qualitative strategy using the following methods: content, critical and comparative analyses of the results reported in available scientific studies, categorization, causal analysis and mental mapping. The authors identified 14 thematic categories of research on the tourism social responsibility. For the causal description, the authors used driving force, pressure, state, impact, response (DPSIR) method. Findings The results include identification of the categories of the research topics concerning tourism social responsibility as well as categories of the approaches to the implementation of the social responsibility into the practice of the tourism sector. The causal description of this implementation process is elaborated in the form of the DPSIR model. The created mental map shows the specific facets of the social responsibility concept applied to the diverse tourism subsectors. Originality value The main contribution lies in basic overview of the conceptual (theoretical) and instrumental (practical) base for implementation of the social responsibility concept into the tourism, providing in this way a critical analysis of examples of the social responsibility practice in the key tourism subsectors. The examination of the causal analyses in the form of DPSIR model as well as employment of the content analyses in the form of mental map represent innovative approach to the tourism responsibility research.
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Martseniuk, Larysa, and Cameron Batmanghlich. "Directions for reducing the negative effects of coronavirus on the tourist industry." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-214-221.
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The population of the planet Earth is affected by various restrictions in various spheres of life, and especially in the field of health. Over the past few decades, we have encountered several types of infectious diseases that affect both animals and humans, with the disease spreading over a large area. As a result of pandemics, all spheres of life suffer significant losses, but in our opinion, the tourism sector is one of those that suffers large-scale losses. This year, the tourism sector has also been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic. Restrictions on the movement of citizens, a ban on the opening of certain tourist facilities have negatively affected all enterprises involved in the organization of the tourism business. 96 % of worldwide tourist destinations are restricted. The three main problems that the tourism industry faces in a pandemic are: the problem of liquidity of tourism enterprises, the uncertainty of consumers of tourism services, the social consequences of forced restrictive measures. The author analyzes the measures taken by some countries to support the tourism sector. Gov-ernments in leading European countries have set up guarantee funds to protect tourism businesses. The article aim is to make the recommendations for the development of a set of measures to ensure the sustainability of the tourism sector in the context of increasing quarantine restrictions in Ukraine. Measures have been proposed to mitigate the exit of the tourism industry from the coronavirus crisis, including the provision of affordable credit lines for businesses, and the deferral of debt and tax liabilities. In addition, ensuring the availability and reliability of information on travel restrictions and can-cellations; creation of a mechanism to guarantee the loss of tourists from the cancellation of the trip; de-velopment of domestic tourism. In this context, the author proposes a temporary reduction in tariffs for services, certification of disinfection of tourist facilities and infrastructure, preventive measures for tourists to promote health, enabling tourists to avoid contact with other tourists, equipping passenger rolling stock with modern ven-tilation and air conditioning to prevent stagnation of infections in the air.
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Costa, Vânia, Andreia Moura, Maria do Rosário Mira, António Cerdeiras, Inês Pinto da Cruz, José Filipe Pereira, Isabel Silva Martins, et al. "HC Tourism. Profile and Trends of Human Capital in the Tourism Sector." European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2019-0009.
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AbstractTourism is a strategic sector in Portugal since it generates employment and it is a factor of economic and social development. The tourism sector not only has an intensive need of labour force but also provides employment opportunity to a range of qualifications. Being an industry of people, it directly depends on the performance of activities, skills, professionalism, quality and competitiveness. The main objective of this article is to present the HC Tourism project, which aims to seek and understand the needs of skills in tourism industry by studying the active companies that belong to the tourism economic subsectors, by region and subsector of economic activity. The methodology used in this project is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, throughout the collection of primary and secondary data. The qualitative approach was based on a literature review which allowed to compile a list of 150 skills, divided under four domains: i) soft skills; ii) hard skills; iii) management skills; iv) transversal skills. The quantitative approach returned primary data, which were collected through an online survey implemented and sent to national tourist entrepreneurs, expecting to develop the ideal profile of the tourism human resources, based on a sample of 555 answers.
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Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya. "More than an “industry”: The forgotten power of tourism as a social force." Tourism Management 27, no. 6 (December 2006): 1192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.020.
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Oka, I. Made Darma. "THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF BALINESE LABOR WORKING ON CRUISE SHIP." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v2i1.46.
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As one of the most popular destinations for international tourists, Bali has attracted a sizeable and growing labor force in the tourism sector of the economy. This fact has triggered Balinese labor force to participate in such a service industry. As a supplier of tourism labor force Bali has been increasingly successful in promoting the number of workers to be employed in cruise tourism industry. The participation rate of Balinese labor in cruise tourism industry over the last years has dramatically increased. The growth of Balinese labor who works on cruise ships in the past four years reached more than 18 percent. It is happening because they have been prepared themselves in accordance to the competencies and qualifications needed in cruise tourism industry. The Balinese labor’s participation in cruise tourism industry employment has brought major implications for their life and culture. The present study aimed to analyze the multiplier effect of Balinese labor works in cruise tourism industry overview from economic and socio-cultural perspective. The research subjects were Balinese labor who used to or were still working in the cruise tourism industry. This research used qualitative data. The collected data started from one Balinese labor having experience in the cruise tourism industry and then spread to the other workers. To answer the research questions, data collection was conducted through observation and deep interviews. The data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. In analyzing the data of economic and socio-cultural perspective of Balinese labor who work in the cruise tourism industry in the environment of life, it was done through the processing and interpretation of the data which is a series of periodic review, grouping, systematization, interpretation and reification of data so that a phenomenon has social academic and scientific value. The data analysis was conducted to find the hidden reasons behind the actions of the perpetrators of social action or geared towards social significance of social phenomena. The focus is to find what kind of mindset that glows behind a social phenomenon or to find the rationality that lies behind the social phenomena. The multiplier effect of Balinese labor working in cruise tourism industry was overviewed from economic and socio-cultural perspectives. The economic perspective likes: Balinese labor working on cruise ship able to improve the family economy, and employment for the community directly or indirectly in the cruise tourism industry. The socio-cultural perspective likes: by working on cruise ships able to motivate the other Balinese labor to works on cruise ships, with working on cruise ships can open the horizons and the way of thinking society, increase the personal discipline, make clean and healthy in their live, and then improve the science and technology in tourism especially at cruises, able to strengthen the unity of nation, anticipation for disintegration, and growth the awareness to conserve the cultural after seeing the variety of cultures in the word. Based on the conclusions above, the following suggestion can be made: the government should pay attention to the existence of Balinese labor, who work in cruise ships, to the protection of their rights as well as the relevant acts should be made clear, knowing that they serve as ambassadors of the nation that generate income for the country; and the government should provide support to Balinese laborers in accordance with their potential
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Mekhovych, Artem. "SCIENTIFIC-APPLIED ASPECT OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 1-2(155-156) (May 23, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2021.01.03.
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The article considers the main problems affecting the development of international tourism and predicts the further development of the situation. The growing tourist flow has contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy, capitalization of assets, job creation, economic and social growth. In 2019, the global tourism industry provided about 330 million jobs, equivalent to 10.3% of total employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism industry. The flow of tourists in the world has decreased by about 65%. In January-September 2020 alone, the number of international revenues decreased by 70%.This has resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion and more than 120 million jobs. It is noted that in modern conditions there are possible directions of development of inbound and domestic tourism, which are an important factor influencing the economy, but the weakening of external restrictions and lack of competitive service in the Ukrainian tourism industry will contribute to further development of international tourism. Those countries in which tourism occupies a significant share in GDP, are interested in attracting tourists as soon as possible and are ready to promptly implement all necessary anti-epidemic measures in the tourist infrastructure. For the Ukrainian government today, such a strategy is not a priority. Based on this, it is proved that the essence of the scientific and applied aspect of managing the development of international tourism is based on the theory of large business cycles and the theory of prediction. It was emphasized that the world crises ended sooner or later and a new round of development began. The task of mastering the forces of socio-economic life and subordinating them to the conscious, planned leadership of the state, as well as constructive and continuous social dialogue between the government and social partners, is the next practical transformation of today. The program of conscious organizational and regulatory steps should be knowledge, anticipation and action plan. When developing an anti-crisis plan to overcome the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of the Global Crisis Committee on Tourism, namely: crisis management and job preservation; support for self-employed workers; providing incentives and implementing appropriate state policy in the field of international tourism. In predicting the future development of the situation, more attention should be paid to the role of the tourism sector in the country's economy and the achievement of sustainable development goals; develop plans for preparedness for the challenges of the future and use this opportunity to move to sustainable development of tourism facilities.
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Korstanje, Maximiliano E. "The epistemological structure of mobilities." Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Análisis Turístico 25, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jta-02-2018-0006.
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Purpose This paper aims to revolve around two problems which, though imagined as different, can be addressed altogether. On one hand, the advance of terrorism as a major threat to the tourism industry, while – on the other – we discuss the ontological nature of tourism as a rite of passage, which is vital to keep the political legitimacy of officialdom. At the time, paradoxically, social scientists shrug off tourism as a naïve commercial activity, while the main tourist destinations are being attacked by jihadism. This suggests the disinterest of ones associates to the interests of others. Design/methodology/approach The author holds the thesis that tourism derives from ancient institutions, which illuminated in the growth of Occident and the formation of hospitality. Capitalism hides the importance of tourism as a mere trivialization as a bit-player. However, a closer look reminds precisely the opposite. The recent attacks perpetrated at main destinations reveal tourism as an exemplary (symbolic) center of the West, a source of authority and power for the existing hierarchal order. Findings The issue captivates the attention of scholars, officials and policymakers, and at the same time, epistemologists of tourism receive a fresh novel debate regarding the origins of tourism. Originality/value It is a great paradox that tourism would be selected as a target for jihadism but at the same time a naïve activity for social scientists or at the least by the French tradition. Despite the partisan criticism exerted on tourism as an alienatory force, this work showed two important aspects, which merits to be discussed. At a closer look, tourism should be understood as “a rite of passage” whose function associates to the revitalization of those glitches happened during the cycles of production. Second, and most important, tourism accommodates those frustrations to prevent acts of separatism or the rise of extreme conflict among classes.
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Kroes, Rob. "Present-Day Mass Tourism: its Imaginaries and Nightmare Scenarios." Society 57, no. 4 (July 19, 2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-020-00499-y.
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Abstract Present-day mass tourism uncannily resembles an auto-immune disease. Yet, self-destructive as it may be, it is also self-regenerating, changing its appearance and purpose. They are two modes that stand in contrast to each other. We can see them as opposites that delimit a conceptual dimension ordering varieties of present-day mass tourism. The first pole calls forth tourism as a force leaving ruin and destruction in its wake or at best a sense of nostalgia for what has been lost, the other sees tourism as a force endlessly resuscitating and re-inventing itself. This paper article highlights both sides of the story. These times of the Covid-19 pandemic, with large swathes of public life emptied by social lock-down, remind us of a second, cross-cutting conceptual dimension, ranging from public space brimming with human life to its post-apocalyptic opposite eerily empty and silent. The final part of my argument will touch on imagined evocations of precisely such dystopian landscapes.
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Purnaya, I. Gusti Ketut, and Francisca Titing Koerniwaty. "THE IDEOLOGIES THAT AFFECT THE MANAGEMENT OF NUSA DUA TOURISM RESORT, BALI." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v2i1.75.
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The Management of Nusa Dua Tourism Resort couldn’t be separated from macro social and political developments at the national level and the micro at the regional level. The stakeholder power relations between the three pillars of the government (BTDC), investors, and the society in the management of this resort is influenced by external factors, is the globalization that its development. This study focused on analyzing and answering what ideology is affecting the management of this resort. It is expected to give a theoretical benefit in the development and management of tourist resorts, particularly efforts to understand conceptually the relationship between governments, investors, and local communities in this resort. The study was designed as a qualitative research by using phenomenology approach. Results of this study indicated that the management of this resort not only determined by the business management matters but also by the social and political situation and by global and others tourism related ideologies. Social and political change and demands by these ideologies force all three pillars in these management activities to wisely exercising their power in relation of each other for the benefit of all parties and assurance of the sustainability of the resort.
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Sejdiu, Sherif. "MARKETING ROLE IN TOURIST OFFER DEVELOPMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 1685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28051685s.
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The tourism industry is sensitive to global and regional political, economic and social events and phenomena, and has also demonstrated a strong response force and speed to regain the path of positive growth despite the not favorable state of the world economy and indicators the moderate development that it has performed, as well as the uncertainty highlighted in the demand in general and tourism in particular because of the low level of demand for this product category. In any marketing strategy that has four components of mix marketing: product, pricing, distribution, and promotion are needed, as they play a useful role, though they do not have the same weight. Some of these elements and, in some cases, only one of them has a determining role in comparison to competitors and, consequently, are the key factor to succeed. The role of the product, a better price, the sales force or the distribution network more efficiently than the competitors, the promotion policy, etc. may be the role. Distribution includes all possibilities, ways, and methods for dispersing products across market segments, locations to direct customer contact. Distribution is one of the mixing marketing elements. It has direct links to product policy, pricing and promotion policy. For the successful realization of the marketing strategy it is important to supply customers with certain products. Likewise, these products should be available in a certain amount, in certain places, and at the time when the consumer so requests. In surveys of demand measurement in the tourism and travel industry, the use of some basic indicators is noted. Although the independent variables involved in tourism demand measurement models vary greatly according to the objectives and the field of specialization and research of researchers, the use of some basic indicators as a measure of tourist demand variables in its modeling and forecast makes it possible standardization of data and their unified reporting at the global and local level. The variation of tourist achievement is the most used for measuring tourism demand at least in the last twenty years. Specifically, this variable is measured by the total tourist achievement from a source to a destination, which can further be disrupted in tourist achievements for holiday purposes, business travel achievements, tourist achievements for family and friends visits, tourist achievements by means of travel, such as air, sea, road and so on. Some studies also use destination spending as a demand-measurement variable, while other researchers are even more rigorous using tourist spending for specific categories and certain products and purchases in general. Other indicators used are tourism income, employment in the tourism and travel industry, as well as exports and imports.
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Dezio, Catherine. "Agritourism and slow lines: hybrid practices for a landscape design model to support agriculture in mountain regions. Vermont as read from an Italian perspective." Ciudades, no. 24 (May 12, 2021): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.24.2021.79-98.
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The recent pandemic has brought mountain areas back to the centre of many political and academic debates. Amid the increasing desertification of these areas, the need to protect the cultural and natural heritage has become an emergency. In this perspective, the growing social sensitivity towards mountain areas can contribute to a new landscape design model capable of being the driving force for sustainable development. A combination of agritourism and slow tourism can serve as an opportunity to support the rural economy of mountain areas. To explore this possibility, the case of Vermont (USA) is analysed by exploring some specific practices that lead to concrete reflections on new landscape synergies.
In the light of the great debate underway, there are the premises beacause mountains returns to the center of citizens and politics choices, not to be appendages to cities but places rich in resources to be valued in all their authenticity.
In this perspective, the growing social sensitivity towards mountain areas can contribute to tourism capable of being the driving force for low-impact development of territory. We are talking about a tourism that allows the tourist to appreciate landscape and cultural resources and the local communities to activate micro-economies that make it possible to stabilize the social roots in territories that have long been subject to depopulation. This means a tourism which, avoiding the romantic rhetoric of mountain places, proposes concrete actions that fall within a clear planning framework oriented towards resource-based development. The combination of mountain agriculture and slow tourism on the line (trails, paths and cycle paths) can be an opportunity not only to support the rural economy of the mountain areas, but also to provide a physical infrastructure for the territorial protection of the farm landscape. To explore this possibility, the case of the state of Vermont (USA) is analyzed, where it has been possible to make marginality a strong point. By comparing Vermont with some Italian mountainous regions and exploring some specific practices and their impact on the territory, it will be possible to identify some scenarios and perspectives useful for a common policy for supporting mountain agriculture.
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Bjeljac, Zeljko, Jovana Brankov, and Ivan Popovic. "Tourist valorization of haymaking competitions in Serbia and surroundings." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 2 (2009): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0902149b.
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Haymaking has always been the most important period for the existence of the population settled in the mountainous regions. There are numerous of competitions in haymaking organized at the meadows which present folklore, religion, customs and whole tradition of mountain regions of Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specific ness of this events, completed with artistic and entertaining programs and connected with other social and geographical characteristics of the area of maintenance, present important part of total tourist offer. The work, according the economic and geographic criteria, separate competitions in haymaking of those which are strong enough and one that has the potential to become a leading force of destination and carrier of faster and better development of tourism. The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of this tourism events and to determine their rank.
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Aluculesei, Alina-Cerasela, and Daniel Avram. "THE OPPORTUNITY OF DEVELOPING RURAL WELLBEING TOURISM IN PUGLIA REGION, ITALY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC." SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART 2, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/ssa2020/issue3.01.
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The tourism industry is facing nowadays a wide range of issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or accentuated by it. The dramatic decline in tourist flows in every destination forced stakeholders to rethink the actual model of business and to adapt to the new reality. The need for social distancing and the fear of tourists to visit crowded places prepared the field for more sustainable tourist activity, based on green products and services. In this context, new and innovative products like rural wellness tourism can take momentum and offer the visitors the opportunity of spending the free time in nature, in less polluted areas and with a higher impact of health.
Italy is one of the most representative tourist destinations worldwide, with a wide range of attractions that make both urban and rural spots to be visited annually by millions of tourists. Tourism also supports the local economy and helps local communities from less developed regions to diversify their sources of income, as is the case of Puglia region, known for its agricultural potential. Puglia is one of the Italian regions where local authorities encourage the development of tourist activities, especially those specific to the ecotourism niche, as a real alternative to agriculture. In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, ecotourism can represent the solution for a faster economic recovery of the southern region of the country that was dramatically affected by the lockdown imposed by the authorities in the first part of 2020. Based on the wellness tradition from the region and the international reputation of the Termes from this area, Puglia region can develop the concept of rural wellbeing tourism and promote a more sustainable tourist model.
The present paper analyses the potential of Puglia region to introduce in its offer rural wellbeing tourism packages taking into account the profile of a spa and thermal center in the area in terms of structure and business model. The results were obtained by applying a structured questionnaire in one of the most representative thermal units in the region and the answers were interpreted using Qualitative Content Analysis. The results show that Puglia region could thrive the concept of rural wellbeing tourism and adapt it to the particularities of the area. Adopting such an innovative tourist concept that is based on a sustainable way to explore natural resources would have a significant impact on Italian tourism by creating a new trend among tourists. In this regard, the guests will have another opportunity to spend their holidays more sustainably, with a considerably lower impact on the environment.
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Svitlychna, V. "OVERCOMING CRISIS PHENOMENA OF TOURISM ENTERPRISES THROUGH APPLICATION OF MODERN MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES." Series: Economic science 2, no. 162 (March 26, 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-2-162-105-111.
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The issues of finding new ways to overcome the crisis of tourism enterprises are studied. The factors of negative impact of the Covid pandemic on the tourism industry are revealed. Attention is focused on the study of marketing activities in the process of survival of tourism enterprises. Emphasis is placed on studying the peculiarities of the use of digital marketing tools by tourist enterprises. The aim of the work is to study digital marketing activities to ensure the sustainability and full functioning of the tourism sector on the basis of flexibility and adaptability to changes in internal and external environment. The article presents the thesis that the successful functioning of enterprises is based on the skillful use of market patterns, forecasting its priority needs and available resources, competent competition for the consumer. The author of the article states that marketing is a managerial creative activity aimed at increasing the volume of production (goods, works, services), their sales, based on a thorough study of consumer needs and which ensures the achievement of strategic goals of enterprise development. Acting as a lever to regulate the processes of production and sales, marketing constantly monitors existing markets and searches for new markets, new consumers, new products (goods, works, services), analyzes their requirements and requests, explores all alternatives and offers the most appropriate. The author emphasizes that tourism marketing is a process of organizing the activities of a tourism enterprise to develop, form and promote new types of tourism services by meeting the needs of tourists in order to provide the highest quality tourism product and profit for the tourism enterprise. The article substantiates that the stagnation of tourism enterprises exacerbates the issue of finding and implementing anti-crisis measures for the tourism business. In this direction, we believe that a significant role belongs to the use of tourism marketing tools. The content of specific features of marketing in the field of tourism is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that digitalization has directly affected the marketing activities of tourism enterprises. The author substantiates that this gave impetus to the rapid spread of digital marketing. Qualitatively new conditions of the growing volumes of the digital marketing environment force marketers to solve difficult tasks on attraction of attention of new and new consumers. In such circumstances, we can safely say that the tools and technologies of digital marketing play a major role in influencing consumer behavior. In addition, modern marketing can no longer work effectively without the use of modern digital technologies. The article proposes a range of digital marketing tools for tourism enterprises. These are: the transition from website marketing to social networking; creation of high-quality, cognitive, interesting content; transition of marketing policy from push-marketing to pull-marketing; promoting the formation of the most positive personal feedback in electronic form; application of online video broadcasting technologies. The author emphasizes that the enterprises of the tourist sphere in the conditions of rapidly changing epidemiological circumstances are forced to radically restructure their activities taking into account significant changes in consumer requirements and the spread of digitalization of the world economy. In order to prevent destructive phenomena, the tourism business must be flexibly and dynamically transformed, ensuring its sustainable operation and increasing the potential for post-quarantine recovery.
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Qin, Yusu, and Yang Qi. "The Informal Tourism Economic Model of the Ethnic Minority Regionsin Southwest China." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i1.11887.
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Yunnan province located in Southwest China and owns a variety of tourism resource that makes him become one of the most popular tourist resorts. But, due to these ethnic minorities who are directly transferred from the primitive commune economy and feudal lord economy to modern market economy disable to grip the operation essence of the current economy system and the out-comers who are proficient in the market competition crowded out the natives and occupied the resources, the economy of Yunnan separated into two skin which produced the ethnic tensions and obstacles of economic development. Under this circumstance, informal economy plays a non-negligible role. Through a field work in the northeast areas of these regions, we found that a kind of informal tourism economy model that through constituted an informal tourism network which consisted of varieties of travel agencies, local restaurants, hotels and inns to collecting the individual tourists to forming a tour group called Individual Spell Group. This complementary network attracts tourists to buy their tour package in an ultra- low price and inducing them to shopping in some of special shopping spots operated by local ethnic minorities in a way we called ‘Soft compulsive shopping’. So, that, the funds be ingeniously transferred to the pocket of local ethnic minorities and then distributing to the other members of this network. In addition, our research found that by artfully utilizing the change of tax levy way, this kind of informal model also help local government to avoiding revenue levied by the state and keep the funds to developing this region. We believe the informal economy not only play an important role in some economic system especially where the modernity absent but also could efficiently solving the social problems, changing political force and, ultimately, effecting the people’s thinking.
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Dube-Xaba, Zanele. "COVID-19 Lockdown and Visiting Friends and Relatives Travellers: Impact and opportunities." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 10(3) (June 30, 2021): 856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-136.
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Tourism is regarded as a powerful force in the rise of pandemic diseases as the movement of people is seen as a pathway for the spread of such diseases. The sector is thus susceptible to measures to prevent the spread of pandemics. In the wake of COVID-19, unprecedented lockdown regulations relating to travel restrictions and social distancing have had a direct and indirect impact on the tourism industry and visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel in particular. More than half of the domestic tourism market comprises tourists who visit friends and relatives in all corners of South Africa. With the restrictions on public gatherings and travel in the country, inter/intra provincial travel largely ceased on 26 March 2020. This paper draws on existing literature, as well as current media sources to review the literature on the legacy of VFR travel; assess the impact of COVID-19 on VFR travel; and finally, to examine the opportunity that might be created by COVID-19 for such travel. It argues that, in the wake of COVID-19, VRF has the potential to fuel the resurgence of the tourism industry in South Africa, especially domestic tourism. Thus, destination marketing organisations might consider a coordinated effort to market this form of travel.
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Alegre, Ines, and Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent. "Social innovation success factors: hospitality and tourism social enterprises." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 1155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0231.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature on social enterprises and business model innovation. Particularly, it sheds some light on those factors that turn a social innovation initiative into a success, both in terms of meeting social needs and achieving economic sustainability. Design/methodology/approach By using a grounded theory approach, an inductive comparative case study is conducted. Two work integration social enterprises in the hospitality and tourism sector are selected. Both companies are located in Barcelona (Spain) under the same legal regulation and economic situation and initially run a manufacturing business. Due to the economic crisis they were forced to reinvent themselves to survive. Data were collected from different sources and coded using content analysis procedures. Findings Results indicate that three factors, namely, value proposition, appropriate market research and stakeholder involvement, heavily contributed to firm’s success, corroborating previous studies. Furthermore, our study reveals that social need pressures and managerial trust on employees are additional factors that drive social business model innovation. Practical implications Changes in the demand, the rules governing the market or economic downturns are external drivers for demand-pull innovations. In such context, firms need to reformulate their business models if they wish to survive. Acknowledging the factors that help firms overcome these obstacles is of great interest for both academics and entrepreneurs. Originality/value Social innovation in business models is a topic still poorly defined in the literature, yet, its boundaries to other fields are still fuzzy. This paper aims to fulfill this gap by presenting the theoretical domain in which this topic fits in and evidencing those successful factors that should be considered when designing and implementing a business model innovation which may help other firms facing a similar process.
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Sunardi, Nanny Roedjinandari, and Estikowati. "Sustainable Tourism Management Model in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(96).
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Tourism is one of the sector that manage to grow exponentially, it can be seen from the increase in the income of the country from tourism sector which is expected to support the country economic' growth (Ing Wu cited in Putri et al., 2018). Tourism development in Indonesia currently based on sustainable tourism development. This is happened because the policy of sustainable tourism development will use the natural resources and human resources for the long term (Sharpley, 2000). Bromo Tengger Semeru National park area is one of the 10 priority destination that is created by the Ministry of Tourism of Indonesia to expedite sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.As one of the main tourism destination in Indonesia, Bromo Tengger Semeru National park area has many attributes that can attract domestic and international tourists namely: the variety of attraction with more than 10 tourist attractions, local culture attribute, history and natural resources that become main attraction that define Bromo Tengger Semeru national park from other tourist destination. Those various attribute represents tourism in East Java as a whole (Rahajeng, 2008). The level of sustainable tourism can be measured based on three criteria namely: (1) There is no depletion of natural resources, (2) There is no pollution and other negative effect on the environment, (3) tourism activity must be able to increase usable resources and replaceable resources (The Ministry of Environment, 1990). Sustainable development must be based on the long term use of natural resources and continual nature preservation (Eko, 2019). Sustainable tourism development can only happened when the balance of ecology aspect of the tourism destination and social and economy of the local community is achieved while at the same time still authentic and environment friendly (Andres, 2018). Sustainable economically means long term investment that is done now must be useful for the future generation for the long term (Ivan, 2017). Tourism development is one of the main sources of environment degradation even though it brings positive effect for the wellbeing of the society. Tourism sector is one of the contributors of environmental damage when building new infrastructure causing pollution, farming area is changed to tourism infrastructure. In the social aspect the change of people source of livelihood, from farming to working in the tourism business, the change of the local culture, work ethics, the local culture is diminishing (there is no more architecture with traditional local style. Local community is also in the risk of getting too dependent on the tourism sector such as accommodation and restaurant business. The price of the land will be increasing due to a sudden need of land to build tourism infrastructure (Sumiati, 2018). In the social and culture aspect, the behavior of some of the people is changing, some of them will asked visitors to pay extra, forced visitors to do the activities that they are not interested to, and doing touting illegally which will disturb the visitors (Abimanyu, 2010). This practice will reduce visitors satisfaction, because honesty of the people who work in the tourism industry directly is one of the most important factor that influence visitors satisfaction (Andres and Artal-Tur, 2018). Keywords: Sustainable tourism management model, Ecotourism, National tourism development.
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Golemo, Karolina. "Lizbona – miasto zawłaszczone." Politeja 16, no. 4(61) (December 31, 2019): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.61.06.
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Lisbon – A City Taken Over. Who Does the Portuguese Capital Belong to?
Dynamic development of tourism is a force transforming many of today’s cities. Changes caused by growing tourism mobility are visible at different levels: economic (imbalance of housing market, increasing prices), socio-cultural (gentrification and its consequences: change of inhabitants’ profiles, new neighborhood relations, new styles of consumption) and aesthetic-symbolic (intervention in urban landscapes through modernization and reorganization of traditional spaces). As an answer to these processes different forms of social protest appear against the uncontrolled development of mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to show the dynamics between the inhabitants of historical zones of Lisbon and visitors, as well as to explain the consequences of touristification on social relations in urban space.
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Хетагурова, Валерия, and Valeriya Khetagurova. "DISCOVERING CENTRAL ASIA: THE PROSPECTS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE PATHS OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-6-2.
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The article considers the prospects of tourism development in five countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The author analyzes cultural, social and economic aspects of the tourism industry in the region. The main directions of activity of international organi-zations in the framework of tourism promotion programs are given. Central Asia has a huge potential for the tourism development. The study of the current state of tourism in Central Asia is becoming increasingly important. Tourism resources have every chance to become part of the national wealth of the countries of this region. In the group of factors determining socio-economic development of the countries in the region are natural resources, the level of production and investment, social infrastructure, management quality, international competitiveness, etc. The need for the regional development management system is conditioned by regionalization processes inherent to the current economic situation, oriented to ensuring positive national economic dynamics and maximum using the region’s potential. The studying problem of regional development makes it possible to justify, as one of the directions of its solution, the use of cluster technologies oriented to those branches of the economy that can become a vector of regional development. According to experts, the tourism industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy of the region. This industry covers numerous sectors of the economy and various links between them. The main tourist routes in the present time, covering many objects of the Great Silk Road, do not offer a more detailed study of the local historical, architectural and archaeological heritage. The lack of infrastructure facilities is the reason for this. This fact forces us to search solutions, which will provide a comfortable environment for both tourists and researchers. At present, the Central Asian countries occupy a very modest place in the world market of tourist services. According to many experts, the demand for sanatorium, tourist and excursion services has decreased due to the transition period, and the existing network of tourist institutions, boarding houses, rest homes needs reconstruction. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, tourism in the Central Asian republics began to develop independently, without common approaches and concepts. In many respects this is determined by the fact that the new states have chosen their own models of socio-economic development, different from each other. The different level of political freedoms, economic development features determine the current state of the tourism industry in various countries of Central Asia. The perspective of tourism development in this region is quite difficult, but an interesting task, necessary for familiarizing humanity with the most interesting culture of peoples inhabiting Central Asia and developing the economies of countries.
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Huijbens, Edward H., and Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson. "Tending to destinations: Conceptualising tourism’s transformative capacities." Tourist Studies 19, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619832307.
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This article is a theoretical contribution to inform scholarship on tourism destination development and dynamics. Our point of departure is the prevailing linear ‘economic growth paradigm’ animating tourism development discourse and practice. Through this discourse, people, landscapes, heritage and artefacts become valued as commodities and claims laid to tourism benefits emerge as objective, measurable facts. We contend that this discourse relies on an understanding of tourism resources and entrepreneurial activities as pure social constructs, which does not fully grasp the dynamics of emergent tourism realities and destinations’ transformative capacities. We argue for alternative conceptualisations of tourism that equip tourism scholars with the conceptual tools to grasp the plurality of tourism futures. These involve ‘vital materialism’ built on a relational ontology foregrounding the creative life force that permeates us and all that surrounds us. We conclude with outlining the implications this approach has for the discussion of tourism destination development. We argue that these conceptual tools will lay the foundations for ethically sound tourism development in times of global uncertainties from the perspective of people, their commitments and aspirations and the environment.
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Videira, Nuno, Antónia Correia, Inês Alves, Catarina Ramires, Rui Subtil, and Victor Martins. "Environmental and Economic Tools to Support Sustainable Golf Tourism: The Algarve Experience, Portugal." Tourism and Hospitality Research 6, no. 3 (May 2006): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050013.
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Environmental quality is a driving force for the sustainable development of tourism in the 21st century. Nevertheless, the increasing pressures placed upon the stocks of natural capital call for integrated approaches to balance the impacts of tourism activities. Recent growth trends of the golf industry are strengthening its potential to become a vehicle for competitive and sustainable tourism. On the other hand, golf courses cause undisputed environmental impacts, which require effective management and control. This paper presents a sustainability assessment framework and the results from its application to the Algarve's golf courses. A key element of the sustainability analysis was the development of performance indicators. It was concluded that the position of the existing courses in the environmental dimension could be improved if management tools were implemented by many of the golf clubs. This measure would bring the environmental indicators closer to the benchmarking values of the courses with the best environmental performance. In terms of economic and social performance, the indicators show that golf is a profitable business, whether as an anchor for other tourist development, or as a sporting activity on its own.
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Floyd, Myron F. "Social Justice as an Integrating Force for Leisure Research." Leisure Sciences 36, no. 4 (July 21, 2014): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.917002.
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Kelner, Shaul, and George Sanders. "Beyond the Field Trip." Teaching Sociology 37, no. 2 (April 2009): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x0903700202.
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A course in the sociology of tourism offers an opportunity to examine a world-transforming force that is penetrating more and more aspects of social life. It also offers an opportunity to create a learning environment that uses the object of study as the medium of study. This article examines how instructors can use tourism to teach the sociology of tourism, and thereby help students develop an understanding of the subject matter through reflexive examination of classroom practice. Drawing on research in the sociology of tourism, it outlines a conceptual framework for thinking about tourism as a spatial practice that includes semiotic, interpersonal and cultural dimensions. Through examples, it shows how these dimensions can be synthesized into a pedagogical strategy that uses field trips and classroom learning to teach the sociology of tourism. The article addresses logistical and conceptual issues involved in course planning and implementation.
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Wang, Rui, Bing Xia, Suocheng Dong, Yu Li, Zehong Li, Duoxun Ba, and Wenbiao Zhang. "Research on the Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Eco-Efficiency of Regional Tourism in China." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010280.
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Tourism eco-efficiency is an important indicator that has often been applied to measure the quality of green tourism development. This paper takes the 31 provinces of China as examples to analyze regional tourism eco-efficiency. By constructing multiple input and output indicator systems for regional tourism, we estimated the eco-efficiency of 31 provinces in 1997–2016 using an undesirable output model of a slack-based model (undesirable-SBM) for data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then, we analyzed the spatial–temporal evolutionary trends and patterns of the eco-efficiency over 20 years by using the Hot Spot Model and Spatial Center of Gravity Model. Finally, we explored the driving forces internal and external to the tourism eco-economic system using the Panel Tobit Regression Model and Geodetector Model, respectively. The results show that: In the last 20 years, the tourism eco-efficiency of provinces in China declined, though tourism has experienced rapid but extensive development. The western regions of China, which have better eco-environmental conditions, and the southeastern coastal regions, which have higher levels of economic development, have higher tourism eco-efficiency. Regions with lower tourism eco-efficiency show diffusion trends, while regions with higher tourism eco-efficiency are characterized by a lack of obvious space spillover effects. Technology is the core driving force of regional tourism eco-efficiency, while traffic conditions and social civilization levels are key external influence factors leading to improvement of tourism eco-efficiency. The research results reveal the great significance of laws for sustainable green tourism development with different economic levels in the different regions. Our work could provide a reference for similar countries and regions in the world with the rapid growth of tourism or obvious spatial differentiation in socioeconomic development.
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Tambunan, Ayu Anggraini, Robert Sibarani, and Sakhyan Asmara. "The Role of Youth in the Development of Cultural Tourism in Tipang Village, Baktiraja District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1544.
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This research analyzes the role of youth in the development of cultural tourism in Tipang Village, in terms of moral strength, social control, and agents of change, and analyzes the effectiveness of youth activities implementing the 4ASC concept (attraction, accessibility, amenities, ancilliary, safeness, and comfort) in tourism development culture in Tipang Village. Using a qualitative approach with an ethnographic model through in-depth interviews, The results of the study indicate that youth have a role in developing cultural tourism as a moral force; social control; and agents of change; Besides that, youth implement the 4ASC concept (attraction, accessibility, amenity, ancilliary, safeness and comfort) for the development of cultural tourism in Tipang Village, including being involved in developing waterfalls, regional music, king's graves, old villages, souvenirs and traditional rituals (attraction), developing asphalt roads and directions to cultural tourism sites (accessibility). Development of lodging, restaurant, church, poskesdes, electricity and water, as well as providing private vehicle rental (amenities). Development of tourism awareness group organizations (ancilliary). Development of security posts and security guards (safeness). Development of a clean environment and friendly people (comfort). The conclusion of this research is that youth has great potential as the main subject in the development of cultural tourism in Tipang Village. Regional music, king's graves, old villages, souvenirs, and traditional rituals (attraction), development of asphalt roads and directions to cultural tourism sites (accessibility).
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Саранча, Михаил, Mikhail Sarancha, Антон Мосалев, and Anton Mosalev. "Experience of development of tourism services in polar regions in foreign countries." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14581.
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The development of consumer demand in the tourism industry, the complexity of its structure, relationships, and changes forced many countries to create new, sometimes unusual tourist offers. Thus the state pays attention to the potential of the Polar Regions which previously may have seemed problematic areas of farming. A new look at the problem and considering it as a potential for the growth and development of the economy of the territory has allowed to create a solid strategy for the development of tourism in Greenland, Canada, Norway, the USA, Argentina and a number of some other states. The research experience of tourism development in the polar regions of the world has allowed to define features of the development of growth strategies and the development of tourism, the creation of tourist products and projects aimed at long-term development of the tourism sector, such as programs to support education, project financing tourism and hospitality industry, the creation of crowdsourcing projects and areas for informal communication players in the tourism market of the polar regions. Support for the development of tourism in the polar regions of states can solve the most important tasks, including national security, social development, and support for the preservation of indigenous peoples, their identity, culture, development of entrepreneurial initiative among the local population. The article analyzes the experience of government, legislative initiatives, business initiatives, non-profit and professional associations, scientific research in the countries and territories in which tourism in Polar Regions has been in existence for a long period of time, it is extremely important and urgent for the Russian Federation, having significant areas located above the Arctic Circle. The study is the basis for the reference, the system of tourism development in the polar territories of Russia, support social, cultural and entrepreneurial initiatives of the local population, creating conditions favorable economic climate in the tourism-related economic activities. The article was written by the project № 114–15–05–05–02 «Federal Agency for Tourism».
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Muangasame, Kaewta, and Sompong Amnuay-Ngerntra. "Thailand's New Approach of Domestic Tourism for The Sustainability of Military Bases: A Critique of Restricted Areas Turned Into Leisure Destinations." Tourism Review International 24, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427220x15835131172105.
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Military forces in Thailand have had an important role in national defense, social development, and environmental protection for many years. Military-based tourism is a new form of domestic tourism in Thailand. Within this trend, the article aims to explore the occurrence of "military tourism" in Thailand and propose a military-based tourism development model, adapted from Ritchie and Crouch's model to a case study at Sattahip Naval Base. Specific attention is given to factors determining destination competitiveness and sustainability of the base including the transformation of restricted areas turned into leisure destinations. Triangulation methods are derived through a focus group discussion with 25 naval personnel involved in domestic tourism, document analyses, direct observations, and an in-depth interview with a senior naval officer. The findings show that militarybased tourism at Sattahip is more competitive in destination capability featuring natural, cultural, and created resources, but less competitive in tourism management capability concerning accessibility, transportation for tourism, and staffing shortage in tourism services. The article also discusses critical issues related to military-based tourism development, including leadership, nationalism, domestic tourist typology, and degree of sustainability. A military-based tourism development model is also proposed for future studies, and recommendations are also provided to address the challenges in domestic tourism at military bases.
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Білозубенко, Володимир Станіславович, Міла Юріївна Разінькова, Наталія Олександрівна Небаба, and Ольга Михайлівна Ятчук. "КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ТА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ТУРИЗМІ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 147, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.3.4.
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The article provides insights into information and communication technology (ICT) issues used in the tourism industry. It is argued that information and communication technologies is a driving force behind the tourism industry which contributes to boosting positive effects to a number of internal travel company activities and organizational factors like net cost, market and competition. ICT has become a key impetus to enhance competitiveness of travel companies as well as of tourist destinations, since a wide range of technological advancements has triggered this evolution. Actually, the overall rapid development of information and communication technologies and the Internet, in particular, has dramatically changed the tourism industry making the Internet an effective marketing tool for the entire travel services sector. This tool is of critical significance to both suppliers and consumers in disseminating information, communication and purchasing goods and services online. It has been verified that the major technologies and ICT applications used in tourism are websites; digital marketing; social networks; multimedia; mobile technologies and intelligent environments (IE). A well-designed website proved its effectiveness in promoting customer loyalty to the website and its products. ICTs are changing the way tourism products are sold and apart from that are a powerful tool for marketing research. In tourism, customer reviews and recommendations are of great importance to enhance the travel company attractiveness and promote travel destinations. Apparently, tourist information involves a wide range of graphics and image data representation to ensure positive customer perception to travellers who plan their trip. The evolution of mobile technology and infrastructure is becoming a common attribute of everyday life. In modern market segmentation realia, travel companies need to know how to adapt their market offer at a time of booking and adjust travel services to a great number of customers and market segments. The research results specify that building strong relationships with the external environment will promote better coordination between all the tourism industry stakeholders. The future of tourism is to be focused on customer-centric technologies that will facilitate a more dynamic process of communication between travel companies and their customers.
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Lin, Mengyi, Fu-Yuan Li, and Haibin Zhou. "A Research on the Combination of Oblique Photography and Mobile Applications Based on the Sustainable Development of Tourism." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093501.
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Tourism is one of the world’s fastest driving forces of economic development, playing an important role in achieving sustainable development goals. In modern society, mobile social media is a communication and decision-making platform for users and a source of big data information about travel. Obtaining and analyzing travel data can provide customer-oriented information about travel destinations and comprehensive services for both tourism operators and tourists. It has a positive impact on the sustainable development of society, economy, environment, and humanities. Starting with theoretical analysis and empirical research, this study combines social media and oblique photography, conducts a case study of the Pingtan comprehensive experimental area in China, and develops an app about online travelling to provide corresponding information for consumers’ decisions. This study also discusses the potential value of the app, i.e., assisting the development of smart travel in city, achieving sustainable development of tourism, and contributing to tourism globally.
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Sofronov, Bogdan. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE WORLD." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 18, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1847.
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The purpose of this paper is how the travel and tourism industry are changing and development in the world.Travel and tourism industry is one of the world's great industrial sectors. It drives economic growth, creates jobs, improves social development and promotes peace.Hundreds of millions of people around the world are dependent on the sector for their employment. In some island economies, travel and tourism industry is not just the biggest employer, it is effectively the only employer. The role is to contributing to the creation of sustainable economies.Travel and tourism industry is a diverse sector consisting of millions of companies and employers, from the biggest global travel brands to the smallest tour operator or hostel owner. Together we form a formidable force with a voice to be heard at the highest levels of society and government.