Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tourism as a social force

Academic literature on the topic 'Tourism as a social force'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Timakova, Roza, and Vitali Maksimeniuk. "Sustainable tourism development at the level of health-improving tourism: social-legal aspect." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129605018.

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The paper considers one of the aspects of sustainable development - sustainable tourism development in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals aimed at preserving the natural resources of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The research of this phenomenon is carried out using the analysis of regulatory legal acts in force in the field of tourism. Since most authors consider the purpose of travel to be one of the generally accepted criteria for dividing into types of tourism, the study was conducted on the basis of one of the most common types of tourism – health-improving tourism, the conceptual apparatus of which is formed under the influence of various conceptual approaches, based on the actual resource potential and features of the promotion of tourist services in the territories of tourist destinations. The proposals on amendments and additions to the existing regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation determine the priority of the concept of “sustainable development” in the field of tourism activities.
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Dziubiński, Zbigniew, and Martyna Sitek. "SOCIAL TRUST AND TOURISM." Folia Turistica 49 (December 31, 2018): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0818.

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Purpose. The aim of the work is to learn the theoretical assumptions regarding the culture of trust and culture of distrust in relation to (post) modern tourism. Method. The basic method is to analyseliterature on the subject using the two theoretical perspectives dominating in sociology, namely the perspectives of functionalism and the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Results. If there is a high level of trust in the field of tourism, the result of this situation is optimism, commitment and innovation, a climate of mobilisation, activity, the potential for creativity is released, and people have a sense of freedom and subjectivity. As a consequence, structural conditions for the development of tourism are created. The reverse situation occurs when the culture of mistrust is dominant in tourism, which leads to withdrawal, passivity, demobilisation, atomisation, alienation and distancing itself from other individual and collective actors of the tourist scene. This state of affairs causes reduction in the subjective potential of the tourism community, the ability to creatively, innovatively and strengthen the culture of distrust in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. No limitations of the tests occurred. Inference, as in the social sciences, is probabilistic in nature. Practical implications. The final conclusions should contribute to greater awareness of tourism participants about the role and importance of social trust in the development of the area of life that interests us. Originality. The description of tourism uses a soft variable which is social trust. The work is to make all tourism participants aware that this variable, after aggregation, is transformed into a powerful force that determines the progress or regression of tourism. Type of work. The article is a theoretical review in which the analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism from a sociological perspective and using the notion of the innovative concept in scientific circulation of social trust is undertaken.
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Chung, Min Gon, Anna Herzberger, Kenneth A. Frank, and Jianguo Liu. "International Tourism Dynamics in a Globalized World: A Social Network Analysis Approach." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519844834.

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A complex network of tourism has emerged in the globalized world, but there is little research on the dynamics of global tourism networks and the underlying forces that affect those dynamics. Using international tourism data for 124 countries between 2000 and 2013, we integrated cluster analyses and social network models to identify the structures of global tourism networks and uncover factors affecting changes in international tourist flows. Results indicate that global tourism networks have become highly consolidated over time and that reduced transaction costs (e.g., language, distance, and visa policies) are more important in attracting international tourists than natural and cultural attractions. Furthermore, cost of living differences between countries decreased in importance over time. Finally, international tourist flows are resilient to political instability and terrorism risks. Our approach and findings highlight the key strategic factors for decision-making to implement proactive tourism policies.
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Hrynokh, N. V., V. I. Dmytruk, L. A. Diachenko, and A. O. Kniazevych. "Social and economic aspects of cross-border cooperation of Ukraine and Poland in the field of tourism." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111940.

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The research is devoted to the disclosure of socio-economic aspects of cross- border cooperation in the field of tourism of Ukraine and Poland, which is important in today’s conditions of development of globalization processes and transformation of social relations. Such relationships are formed between people in different geographic areas, which determine their social mood and social behaviour. The signing of the visa-free travel agreement between Ukraine and the EU on 17 May 2017 and its entry into force on 11 June 2017 has become an important factor in the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland, in particular within the border areas and in the context of cross-border cooperation of the Carpathian Euroregion. Tourists from Ukraine have better opportunities than before to travel to many European countries, and tourist migration contributes to the integration of peoples, building good-neighbourly relations and tolerance, economic, cultural, scientific and other forms of cooperation. That is why it is necessary to study the socio-economic aspects of the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland at the level of the Carpathian Euroregion. The attention of the authors of this article is devoted to the study of the historical and cultural heritage of the four regions of Ukraine and the counties of Poland included in the Carpathian Euroregion as one of the important factors influencing the development of tourism. The article analyzes a number of key indicators of the activity of the subjects of the tourist market and the trends in their changes, as well as the geographical structure of tourist flows and the administrative and territorial division of the regions of the Ukrainian-Polish transboundary. Positive trends in the growth of a number of key indicators of tourism activity in Lviv region give reason to assert the high level of activity of tourism services market participants and that Lviv region has good preconditions for the development of many types of tourism , which can increase the flow of revenue to local budgets. Statistical materials of the Main Department of Statistics in Lviv Oblast have also made it possible to analyze the indicators for those areas that are part of the Carpathian Euroregion and characterize the specifics of the development of the tourism sector. It is proposed to form an updated marketing strategy for tourism management in Ukraine in the context of the changing conditions that have taken place in the tourist services market after the entry into force of the visa-free travel agreement between Ukraine and the EU, which will positively influence the development of tourism in Ukraine and Poland at the level of the Carpathian Euroregion.
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Et al., Nilufar Kh Komilova. "TOURIST DESTINATION AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1082.

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This article describes the basic concept of "tourist destination" in the tourism system, its content and essence, the definition given by various scholars, that destination is a geographical region with a certain attractiveness for tourists. The definitions of the concept of "destination" proposed by the authors in scientific sources are based on the division into four groups according to their important aspects: territorial, economic, social, administrative. While the assessment of the concept of "tourist destination" in the regional context is based primarily on the criterion of "dependence" on the specific geographical location of the region, economically tourist destination is considered as a specific destination for tourists and is considered an economic category. one is that there is a tourist demand. While the social aspect is the interpretation of a tourist destination as a specific socio-geographical place, it is conceived that any system is governed by forces of a natural nature as a subject of management that characterizes the concept of a tourist destination. The article also touches on the concept of "tourism industry" and the work on the development of tourism in Uzbekistan today.
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Upadhyay, Prakash. "Tourist-Host Interactions and Tourism Experiences: A Study of Tourism Experiences and Effects in Sikles, Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v11i1.26619.

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It is necessary to create a positive interaction between host and tourist for achieving and maintaining sustainable tourism in a destination. The quality and frequency of interaction between tourist and resident contributes to tourists’ experience, perception of the visited destination, local socio-cultural and environmental status, and acceptance and tolerance of tourists by residents. The key objective of this study is to examine the international tourist experiences, interaction with residents, and the social, cultural and environmental effects of tourism in the host community of Sikles. The research was conducted among 50 international tourist visiting Sikles during January, 2019. The results shows that village tourism of Sikles is a phenomenon representing nature conservation, adventure, life style, experience and above all benefit to the local people. Foreign tourist visited Sikles for adventure-trekking, relaxes and rest and their expectations were fulfilled during their visit, and there prevails a jovial relationship between tourist and host with a broad spectrum of tourism experiences and impact on local community. However, tourism as a global phenomenon has brought both positive and negative impacts on economic, environmental and social lives which are crucial for leading changes and revitalization of local society, culture and economy of Sikles. Indigenous Gurung culture has become more differentiated and the forces of tourism are strong enough to influence every spheres of local life. But, the effervescent interaction between tourist and host, experiences, perspicacity of jovial relations, the budding social, cultural and environmental challenges has amplified the awareness of both tourist and host for sustainable eco-friendly tourism.
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Gonda, Tibor, Kinga Angler, and László Csóka. "The Role of Local Products in Tourism." European Countryside 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0006.

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Abstract There is a resurgence of regional and local products in Hungary today. Thanks to the development of local businesses, communities and towns are also able to derive a number of economic, environmental, social and cultural advantage. The products in focus are emerging in tourism more often, frequently acting as foundations of tourist attractions built upon them, providing the receiving end with a unique and authentic force of attraction that follow the present trends. The aim of our study was to explore tourists’ needs for local products and the role of local food in regional tourism services. The region of our empirical research was the area of Baranya and Tolna counties in Southern Hungary where we analyzed local producers’ and their consumers’ attitudes towards local products.
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Favro, Srećko, and Iva Saganić. "Prirodna obilježja hrvatskog litoralnog prostora kao komparativna prednost za razvoj nautičkog turizma." Geoadria 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.116.

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Having in mind Croatian littoral area with its unique attractive coast and islands, it can be said that nautical tourism is absolutely authentic and distinctly recognizable Croatian "tourist product". In spite of numerous comparative advantages, Croatian nautical tourism still has not taken the right place on the market of Mediterranean nautical tourism. Future development of nautical tourism with its complementary activities – nautical economy, should be considered as the driving force for social and economic development of Croatian coastal area and islands, and it should be correctly dimensioned in accordance with carrying capacity of the geographical basis and sustainable development principles. Adequate valorization of Croatia’s most important resources, coast and islands, based on sustainable development principles and long-term systematic actions would improve social and economic position of Croatian Adriatic area.
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Bartoluci, Mato, Zvjezdana Hendija, and Mateja Petračić. "Prerequisites of Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Continental Croatia." Acta Economica Et Turistica 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2016-0003.

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AbstractThe goal of this paper was to analyze the current status of rural tourism in Croatia and to identify possibilities, guidelines and methods of its sustainable development. The research has shown that rural tourism in Croatia falls behind the sun-and-beach holiday tourism in coastal Croatia and that numerous and diverse natural and social resources in Continental Croatia are insufficiently employed, especially in the Continental part of the country Past research of rural tourism in continental Croatia relied on individual entrepreneurial initiative and scarce funding resources, so that consequently a heterogeneous and fragmented rural tourism offer, based on various tourism forms and special interest tourism types, has developed in an unorganized way. However, rural tourism can become a driving force for the development of rural areas, taking into account the concept of sustainable development, based on the balance of economic, ecological and social responsibility. In the future, it should encourage development projects that ensure integrated tourist offer and thereby enable long-term sustainable development of rural tourism in continental Croatia.
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Dzyad, Olena V., Viktoriia Y. Redko, Nataliya O. Krasnikova, Olga G. Mihaylenko, and Yuliya N. Stasiuk. "On the issue of sustainable development of tourism in the Black Sea countries." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112042.

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The article observes the relevance and substantiates the need to raise the problem of tourism development in the countries of the Black Sea region (Turkey, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Romania and Bulgaria) on the basis of sustainability. Systematization of approaches to the definition of «sustainable development of tourism», «sustainable tourism» and «tourism constancy» has conditioned the elaboration of a sustainable tourism development model, the elements of which are the needs of tourists, tourism resources, tourism services, types of tourism, tourism activities, subjects - tourist, tourist enterprise, destinations and the state (management). It was determined that the achievement of sustainable tourism development in the country should be evaluated from the standpoint of meeting the needs of tourists and considering the factors such as security, sustainable tourism services, economic and environmental sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, the country’s basic sustainaility and political and regulatory constancy. During the study, the needs of the tourist were identified (cognition, recognition and his acceptance of the cultural, historical, national heritage of the destination, the development of spiritual potential and self-development), which act as a driving force for the growth of demand for sustainable types of tourism. It was found that satisfying the physiological needs of a tourist, his staying in a safe environment, confirming his social, professional, family status is associated with mass tourism, and does not fully contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. It is determined that the development of tourism in the Black Sea countries is characterized by a high loading on tourist facilities and irregular tourist flows, the irrational use of natural resources, and the continuous expansion of infrastructure that allows only fragmentary observance of the principles of sustainable development . To assess the sustainability of tourism in the countries of the region, we used the author’s methodology for ranking the factors of the tourism sustainability index. Calculations demonstrated that the most important factors for tourists in the Black Sea region are the factor of safety, tourism services and the basic state of stability of the country, which is based on the level of food technology usage; the presence of harmful industries in the country; unemployment rate in the country; the importance of tradition in everyday life; international openness safety factors, tourist services and the basic condition of stability of the country. Environmental sustainability and a sociocultural strategy have a moderate impact. In the ranking of the countries of the Black Sea region according to the calculated tourism sustainability index, Georgia took the first place, and Ukraine received the lowest indicator. By the method of cluster analysis, the countries of the Black Sea region were combined into three clusters. The first cluster was formed by Turkey - a country that has a developed system of mass tourism and actively contributes to its reorientation continuously. The second cluster includes Bulgaria, Romania and Georgia, which combine the processes of active development of traditional and sustainable tourism. In the third cluster, which includes Russia and Ukraine, the development of tourism on the principles of sustainability practically does not occur.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Higgins-Desbiolles, B. Freya, and Freya HigginsDesbiolles@unisa edu au. "Another world is possible: Tourism, globalisation and the responsible alternative." Flinders University. School of Political and International Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061218.155946.

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Utilising a critical theoretical perspective, this work examines contemporary corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation. This analysis suggests that marketisation limits the understanding of the purposes of tourism to its commercial and “industrial” features, thereby marginalising wider understandings of the social importance of tourism. Sklair’s conceptualisation of capitalist globalisation and its dynamics, as expressed in his “sociology of the global system” (2002), is employed to understand the corporatised tourism phenomenon. This thesis explains how a corporatised tourism sector has been created by transnational tourism and travel corporations, professionals in the travel and tourism sector, transnational practices such as the liberalisation being imposed through the General Agreement on Trade in Services negotiations and the culture-ideology of consumerism that tourists have adopted. This thesis argues that this reaps profits for industry and exclusive holidays for privileged tourists, but generates social and ecological costs which inspire vigorous challenge and resistance. This challenge is most clearly evident in the alternative tourism movement which seeks to provide the equity and environmental sustainability undermined by the dynamics of corporatised tourism. Alternative tourism niches with a capacity to foster an “eco-humanism” are examined by focusing on ecotourism, sustainable tourism, pro-poor tourism, fair trade in tourism, community-based tourism, peace through tourism, volunteer tourism and justice tourism. While each of these demonstrates certain transformative capacities, some prove to be mild reformist efforts and others promise more significant transformative capacity. In particular, the niches of volunteer tourism and justice tourism demonstrate capacities to mount a vigorous challenge to both corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation. Since the formation of the Global Tourism Interventions Forum (GTIF) at the World Social Forum gathering in Mumbai in 2004, justice tourism has an agenda focused on overturning corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation, and inaugurating a new alternative globalisation which is both “pro-people” and sustainable. Following the development of these original, macro-level conceptualisations of tourism and globalisation, this thesis presents a micro-level case study of an Indigenous Australian tourism enterprise which illustrates some of these dynamics in a local context. Camp Coorong Race Relations and Cultural Education Centre established and run by the Ngarrindjeri Aboriginal community of South Australia has utilised tourism to foster greater equity and sustainability by working towards reconciliation through tourism. The Ngarrindjeri have also experienced conflicts generated from the pressures of inappropriate tourism development which has necessitated an additional strategy of asserting their Indigenous rights in order to secure Ngarrindjeri lifeways. The case study analysis suggests that for alternative tourism to create the transformations that contemporary circumstances require, significant political change may be necessary. This includes fulfilment of economic, social and cultural rights to which a majority of nations have committed but have to date failed to implement. While this is a challenge for nation-states and is beyond the capacities of tourism alone, tourism nonetheless can be geared toward greater equity and sustainability if the perspective that corporatised tourism is the only option is resisted. This thesis demonstrates that another tourism is possible; one that is geared to public welfare, human fulfilment, solidarity and ecological living.
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Loisy, Marine. "La place des habitants dans le tourisme : ethnographie d’une forme de résistance sur le territoire parisien." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0157.

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Depuis quelques années, certaines destinations européennes font face à l’apparition de mouvements contestataires dénonçant les nuisances liées au tourisme. Progressivement, ce phénomène a, en partie, conduit à une mise en lumière des habitants sur les scènes touristiques. Cette thèse examine le cas de la métropole parisienne, qui figure comme une des destinations phares du tourisme mondial. En mettant en perspective l’analyse de ces évolutions et l’émergence d’un tourisme dit « participatif » dans la capitale et dans les départements de proche banlieue, elle examine les places occupées et les rôles joués par les habitants dans l’échiquier touristique parisien. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique multi-située sur le territoire métropolitain, cette recherche s’appuie, notamment, sur l’observation participante et l’entretien semi-directif auprès d’habitants, de professionnels, et de représentants institutionnels et politiques. L’analyse des stratégies d’adaptation des résidents permanents à la présence touristique révèle, ainsi, des formes de protestation contre certaines nuisances, des signes d’accommodation dans leur quotidien et la proposition d’activités et de services tournés vers une quête d’authenticité. Ainsi, ce travail propose d’analyser les manifestations habitantes en miroir des rejets observés dans d’autres villes, comme à Barcelone ou à Venise, et met en lumière un processus de touristification de l’ordinaire. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse dresse un état des lieux du tourisme sur le territoire parisien, entre une destination perçue comme « éternelle » et la naissance de pratiques de résistance habitante. Elle permet de croiser l’examen des situations de cohabitation conflictuelle vécues par les Parisiens et la dimension des enjeux politiques. Elle s’intéresse aussi aux pratiques de participation des habitants, dont l’investissement repose, en partie, sur des choix individuels et sur les stratégies d’acteurs professionnels. Dans un second temps, l’analyse se penche plus particulièrement sur la balade guidée amateur comme dispositif propice à l’observation des interactions entre le visiteur et le visité. L’hypothèse exposée dans cette recherche consiste à examiner la participation habitante dans sa globalité, et cette pratique de balade en particulier, comme des formes de résistance à un tourisme « classique ». Finalement, relevant d’une anthropologie contemporaine des phénomènes touristiques, cette recherche concentre son attention sur les habitants en tant qu’acteurs engagés dans l’accueil, l’orientation, l’hébergement ou le guidage. Elle se penche ainsi sur les images que les visités façonnent de « l’autre de l’Autre », c’est-à-dire d’eux-mêmes
In recent years, some European destinations have faced the emergence of protest movements denouncing the nuisances associated with tourism. Gradually, this phenomenon has, in part, brought inhabitants to the forefront of the tourist scene. This thesis examines the case of the Parisian metropolis, which is one of the leading destinations of world tourism. By putting into perspective the analysis of these developments and the emergence of so-called “participatory” tourism in the capital and in the inner suburbs, it examines the places occupied and the roles played by the inhabitants in the Parisian tourist scene. Based on a multi-site ethnographic survey of the metropolitan area, this research is based, in particular, on participant observation and semi-directive interviews with residents, professionals, and institutional and political representatives. The analysis of permanent residents’ adaptation strategies to the tourist presence thus reveals forms of protest against certain nuisances, signs of accommodation in their daily lives and the proposal of activities and services geared towards a quest for authenticity. Thus, this work proposes to analyse the inhabiting manifestations as a mirror of the rejections observed in other cities, such as Barcelona or Venice, and highlights the process of touristification of ordinary places. First, this thesis presents an overview of tourism in Paris, between a destination perceived as “eternal” and the emergence of inhabitant resistance practices. This allows for a cross-examination of conflictual cohabitation situations experienced by Parisians with the dimension of political issues. It also looks at the participation practices of residents, whose investment is based, in part, on individual choices and the strategies of professional actors. In a second step, the analysis focuses more particularly on the amateur guided tour as a device conducive to the observation of interactions between the visitor and the visited. The hypothesis presented in this research consists of an examination of inhabitant participation as a whole, and this practice of walking in particular, as forms of resistance to “classic” tourism. Finally, as part of a contemporary anthropology of tourism phenomena, this research focuses its attention on the inhabitants as actors involved in reception, orientation, accommodation or guidance. In this way, it looks at the images that the visitors form of the “other of the Other”, that is, of themselves
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McGehee, Nancy G. "Alternative Tourism: A Social Movement Perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28122.

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This study develops and tests a theoretical model drawing on social psychological and resource-mobilization perspectives of social movement theory to explain changes in social movement participation and support for activism among Earthwatch Expedition volunteers. The social psychological perspective of social movements recognizes the role of self-efficacy and consciousness-raising for the participation in and success of social movement organizations. The resource mobilization perspective of social movements stresses rationality and the importance of funding and networks for the success of social movement organizations. Utilizing these two theoretical perspectives as my foundation, I hypothesize that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition increases volunteers' participation in social movement organizations in ways such as making monetary donations, voting with the organization's platform in mind, or attending rallies and marches. I also hypothesize that volunteers will increase their support for others who participate in these same types of activities. Earthwatch Expeditions are a form of alternative tourism in which volunteers participate in any of 126 different types of 10-14 day research-oriented expeditions that may include evaluating the health of a coral reef, studying maternal health among west African women, assessing the killer whale population off the coast of Puget Sound, or recording oral history in Dominica. I conducted pre- and post-trip surveys in June and July of 1998, resulting in 363 completed surveys. I analyzed data using multiple regression to discover relationships between pre-trip and post-trip measures of social movement participation, activism support, networks, self-efficacy, and consciousness-raising. In other words, I explored ways in which an alternative tourism experience like Earthwatch can change a person's ideas about their own social movement participation, the social movement activities of others, their perceived ability to overcome obstacles in order to implement social change, and their awareness of social issues. Results suggest that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition has a positive effect on volunteers' social movement participation, their awareness of social issues, their networks, and their ability to overcome obstacles, but little effect on activism support.
Ph. D.
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Srisantisuk, Somparat. "Pro-poor tourism policy in Thailand." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3146/.

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This study is an attempt to determine how tourism and tourism development policies, strategies and initiatives impact income generation and employment opportunities in a rural ethnic community. The research consisted of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participatory observations from various stakeholders were used to obtain qualitative data. The quantitative data were gathered using a researcher-developed questionnaire to obtain data from 330 households in Had Bai Village, Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand. The research findings demonstrate that the well-being of the poor and the impact of the Thai government‘s One Tambon One Product (OTOP) project in terms of livelihood improvement were distributed unequally across the village. The information from the qualitative and quantitative data revealed that the OTOP project improved slightly the livelihood outcomes of villagers in the group which fully participated in the scheme. By contrast, the villagers who were aware of OTOP but did not participate used their right to borrow funds to make independent investments and buy consumer goods. Members of this group were thus unable to repay their loans on time, had no return on their investment and had the highest amount of debt. Those villagers who were unaware of the OTOP scheme and did not participate were the poorest in the village. An analysis of this third group revealed that non-participation was largely due to a lack of access to information. Moreover, these families did not regard themselves as poor. They were happy with their simple life and did not perceive any benefit in participating in the pro-poor tourism project introduced by the Thai government. Pro-poor tourism may benefit the poor in many parts of the world; however, in the case of Thailand it works mainly as a catalyst to improve the overall livelihood outcome of the poor and cannot be expected to enhance the individual livelihoods of the poorest. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, it is the first of its kind to investigate thoroughly Thailand‘s pro-poor tourism development policy. Second, it has attempted to assess pro-poor tourism from many vantage points: international standards, livelihood impacts, and the assets and vulnerability of the poor. Third, the key success model developed from the outcome of the thesis can be used by Thailand and other developing countries in their efforts to develop more effective pro-poor tourism policies in the future.
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Zhang, Junshu. "Why Consumers Disclose Their Tourism Experiences on Tourism Social Networking Sites: Multiple Theoretical Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6607.

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Tourism social networking sites (SNSs) are websites that provide users with templates for describing their travel experiences and an infrastructure to share such travel posts with a network of like-minded individuals. Tourism SNSs represent an important advertising channel for the tourism industry, as they may assist travelers in selecting destinations and planning vacations on the basis of other travelers’ experiences, which may further stimulate travel and generate income for the tourism industry (Yazdanifard & Yee, 2014). User-generated content (UGC) in the form of travel posts is the core offering and key success factor of tourism SNSs. Travel posts constitute a valuable resource that attracts users to these websites, and they serve as a key data feed into the data mining process that is used to develop travel products on tourism SNSs. However, one problem with tourism SNSs is that their users, especially the new ones, do not publish their travel experiences on these SNSs as often as they do on traditional SNSs, such as Facebook. This may result in a lack of content and, therefore, a loss of potential consumers and, consequently, revenue. Therefore, a study on self-disclosure behavior in writing travel posts may contribute to understanding the reasons why this problem exists and help tourism SNSs improve their service accordingly. The author used multiple theoretical perspectives (social exchange theory and social cognition theory) to develop a comprehensive self-disclosure framework. The framework was tested by using a partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with data from 443 participants recruited from the two most popular Chinese tourism SNSs: Qyer.com and mafengwo.cn. The findings show that self-disclosure behavior on tourism SNSs was significantly affected by self-benefit, positive feedback from other users, social benefits, rewards, tourism SNSs’ security mechanism, and ease of use. However, habit and motive did not have a statistically significant effect on self-disclosure behavior. Moreover, self-disclosure behavior positively affected electronic word of mouth (EWOM) relating to the tourism SNSs. Finally, the findings have theoretical and practical implications, and the thesis ends with a discussion of the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
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Burke, Adam. "An ethnographically-based critique of sustainable tourism and cruise-boat eco-tourism practices in Galápagos, Ecuador." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14074.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Variations in people's notions of sustainability, eco-tourism, and the intersections between the two, calls fora critical assessment of sustainable eco-tourism practices. This is particularly the case in Galápagos, Ecuador, where there has been a recent upsurge in the numbers of eco-tourist visitors and in demand to develop sustainable eco-tourism as also to deal with the social consequences its practices have on people living in the archipelago. My dissertation fieldwork was conducted aboard one of the many catamarans in Galápagos providing eco-tourism opportunities and among terrestrial and marine entry points to the archipelago it visited. My data support an argument that Galapagueños' (Galápagos residents') dependency on eco-tourism has produced both social divides amongst them and changes in their ideas about nature and how to relate to it.
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Görs, Erik. "Communicating corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235258.

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Over time the tourism industry has been expanding at an exponential rate to the point that around 1 billion people will have travelled during the year of 2012 (UNWTO, 2012b). This massive amount of people has allowed for the degradation and destruction of multiple touristic destinations around the world. The great numbers of tourist have also negatively impacted the social and economic aspects of the touristic destinations. The current destructive path of the tourism industry has prompted the development of more sustainable and responsible types of tourism. One of the key players in the tourism industry that could address the topics of sustainable and responsible tourism is the tour operator. A path that tour operators can follow to address this destructive path of tourism is through corporate responsibility. Most of the other industries are in more advanced stages of approaching corporate responsibility while the tourism industry is still within the good practice phase of corporate responsibility. This aim of this study is to analyse what a group of tour operators are reporting concerning corporate responsibility. The questions focus on the different aspects the tour operators are communicating concerning their corporate responsibility and does this corporate responsibility communication add value to the consumer. The study shows that the tour operators are not exactly communicating their responsibility similar across the board, which shows the communication fragmentation among the tour operators. Most the tour operators mention corporate responsibility through the lens of sustainable or responsible tourism. Through this that the tour operators discuss their sustainable tourism or responsible tourism could possibly lead to adding consumer value to thetourists.
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Kim, Jung Eun. "Understanding corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024385.

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Henriksson, Amanda, and Lina Engström. "Social Network Sites and Tourism : A millennial perspective." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74206.

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Social Network Sites have rapidly become intertwined with people’s core habits of daily life, and are often subliminal inputs during decision making processes when it comes to the area of Tourism. With this rapid shift in consumer opportunities, both in availability and exposure to information, people are faced with the challenge of accurately assessing current trends in order to best predict future outcomes for businesses and consumers alike. Although there is existing literature examining current tendencies for Social Network Sites and Tourism, the extrapolation of this data in a feasible way for the emerging Millennial generation is lacking. This is integral to forming a proper understanding of the future trends of global tourist communication as dictated by the usage of Social Network Sites. Through the use of interview discussions centered on two focus groups of an all Millennial composition, the semi-structured interview approach was used. This to sought at a fundamental level to provide a better understanding of how Social Network Sites are used by tourists. Of particular focus within the research process was the specifics of tourist utilization of Social Network Sites. Further addressed, is the concept of the usage of electronic Word of Mouth and how this has allowed for a modification to the experience of tourism. The spoken word has been updated to an electronic Word of Mouth, and with it the Millennial generation has been raised into a world of information opportunity like none ever before. Understanding these trends allows for continued progression for both the consumer and business alike within the tourist business.
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Minnaert, Lynn. "Social tourism : a potential policy to reduce social exclusion? : the effects of visitor-related social tourism for low-income groups on personal and family development." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/91z40/social-tourism-a-potential-policy-to-reduce-social-exclusion-the-effects-of-visitor-related-social-tourism-for-low-income-groups-on-personal-and-family-development.

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This study discusses the effects of social tourism for low-income groups on personal and family development. it examines whether social tourism has wider benefits than just providing access to holidays to groups who would usually be excluded from tourism, and whether it could be seen as a potential measure against social exclusion. If social tourism can reduce social exclusion, it benefits not only the participants, but also has wider benefits for society. In several countries in mainland Europe, such as France, Belgium and Spain, social tourism for low-income groups is supported by public funding. This investment is usually supported by claims that social tourism can help excluded groups achieve greater inclusion through increased confidence, better family relations, greater independence and wider social networks. At present, these claims are rarely supported by research evidence: in academic tourism literature, social tourism for low-income groups is a little researched field. The aim of this study is thus to investigate whether social tourism can indeed reduce aspects of social exclusion, and have a beneficial effect on the holiday participants themselves, and through them, on society. If this is the case, the study will explore whether social tourism could be justified as a social policy. The study will start by defining the concept of social tourism, and categorise the different forms. Focusing on social tourism for low-income groups, it will then explore the potential ethical foundations of social tourism. It will be shown that for a number of ethical theories, social tourism for low-income groups can only be justified if there are benefits involved not only for the participants, but also wider benefits for society. Because these benefits could present themselves as a reduction of social exclusion, the concept of social exclusion is defined and the different views of the concept are presented. One of these views is potentially compatible with social tourism, on the condition that social holidays can reduce certain characteristics of excluded groups, that form the basis of their exclusion. It will then be argued that if social tourism can reduce these characteristics, it does so via a learning process. Two theories of leaming through experience will be examined, and strategies to maximise learning will be discussed: if social tourism is indeed a form of leaming, the benefits could be increased by maximising learning. These theoretical foundations formed the basis of the fieldwork for this study. In the fieldwork, a group of social tourism participants and their support workers was interviewed in two stages: a first round of interviews and focus groups were conducted in the first month after the holidays; a second round was carried out in the sixth month after the holidays. Participants in individual holidays and support workers were interviewed individually, participants in group holidays were interviewed together in a focus group. The aim of the two rounds was to examine the effects of social tourism in the short term, and in the longer term. The findings of the fieldwork examine the effects of social tourism for low-income groups, and investigate the conditions for successful social tourism provision (meaning holidays that maximise learning opportunities to reduce aspects of social exclusion). The findings indicate that social tourism for low-income groups generally has beneficial effects on the family development of the participants in the short and the long term. They also provide benefits for the personal development of participants, which are present in the short term and can develop further in the long term. In the long term, it is also shown that the holiday can act as a motivational factor in measurable behaviour change, resulting into a reduction of factors of social exclusion. It is found that an adequate level of support both during and after the holiday is an important condition for successful social holidays. This study concludes by exploring if social tourism could be justified as a part of social policy. The costs of social holidays will be compared to other social measures with similar aims and outcomes. Social tourism for low-income groups will be presented as potential cost-effective strategies to counter certain aspects social exclusion.
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Books on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Tourism and Environment Task Force. Tourism and Environment Task Force. [Inverness): The Task Force (ProjectManager, c/o Highlands & Islands Enterprise, Bridhge House, 20 Bridge Street, Inverness IVI IQR, 1993.

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Oelrichs, Ian. Palau, Belau: Your future in tourism : PATA task force study. Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia: Pacific Asia Travel Association, 1993.

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Owen, Claire. Tourism. Cambridge: Independence, 2008.

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Sheldon, Pauline J., and Roberto Daniele, eds. Social Entrepreneurship and Tourism. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46518-0.

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McCabe, Scott, Lynn Minnaert, and Anya Diekmann, eds. Social Tourism in Europe. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845412340.

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Force, Ireland Tourism Task. Report of the Tourism Task Force to the Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1992.

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Global, Conference (1st Montreal P. Q. ). Tourism: A vital force for peace : First Global Conference. [Montreal?]: [L. J. D'Amore?], 1988.

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Tim, Oakes, ed. Real tourism. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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Tourism ethics. Buffalo, NY: Channel View Publications, 2006.

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Julie, Scott, and Selwyn Tom, eds. Thinking through tourism. Oxford: Berg, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Minnaert, Lynn. "Social tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_182-1.

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Minnaert, Lynn. "Social tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 872–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_182.

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Page, Stephen J., and Joanne Connell. "Social and cultural impacts." In Tourism, 375–89. Fifth Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020. | “Fourth edition: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005520-21.

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Wilhelmsson, Thomas. "Social Force Majeure." In Critical Studies in Private Law, 180–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8028-1_7.

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McGehee, Nancy, and Kathleen Andereck. "Social capital." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 865–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_179.

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Munar, Ana María. "Social media." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 869–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_180.

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Aramberri, Julio. "Social class." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 866–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_307.

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McGehee, Nancy, and Kathleen Andereck. "Social capital, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_179-1.

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Munar, Ana María. "Social media, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_180-1.

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Aramberri, Julio. "Social class, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_307-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Liu, Mingju, Liguang Zhao, and Meijiao Huang. "Research on Rural Tourism Driving Transfer of Surplus Rural Labor Force in Hainan Province." In 2016 International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-16.2016.119.

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Wang, Jue, and Yuxiu Zhang. "On the Driving Force of the New Types of Hainan Cruise Tourism - Based on Comparative Study of the Domestic Development." In International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hss-26.2016.113.

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Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, and Mária Vojtková. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.

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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.
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Lukinović, Mario, Larisa Jovanović, and Vladimir Šašo. "CHALLENGES IN MANAGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS DURING CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.239.

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The socio-economic impact of the pandemic on all social spheres is huge, but like any crisis, for some it is an opportunity to create, develop and promote solutions. The coronavirus pandemic has brought many changes. It has forced us all to find new ways of working, interacting and living. The field of intellectual property is particularly affected by the coronavirus pandemic, its strong influence has affected all branches of intellectual property, especially the field of copyright and patents. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, numerous anomalies in the consumption of copyrights were observed, which coincided with the isolation measures, from drastically increased consumption of illegal pirated content via the Internet, especially in countries with lockdown, through a sharp increase of Disney+ and Netflix streaming platform users. The identification of products that have the word Corona in their name – in their trademark, with the virus has led to a sharp drop in consumption of some products, but also to increased sales of others. The pharmaceutical industry has invested huge funds in the fight against this global challenge, especially in the field of treatment of viruses, new drugs for the prevention, as well as finding a vaccine against COVID-19. This paper discusses the challenges faced by the management of intellectual property rights and potential response measures.
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Gençler, Funda, and İsmail Bircan. "Contribution of the Agriculture Sector in Sustainable Development in Eurasian Countries: Evaluating Risks and Opportunities." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00531.

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If the economic performance of the Eurasian countries are to be evaluated, the significant positive impact of the rich natural resources used in energy pruduction deserve the central attention. However, agriculture sector still has a great influence on economy. According to the statistics; Azerbaijan’s agricultural exports have jumped by almost US$500 million in the last ten years, now totaling to almost half its Gross Domestic Product. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan contribution to GDP is roughly 27% by agriculture sector. For the rest, similar characteristics can be seen as well. Agriculture sector has a crucial role not only for production but also for the potential labor force that can be transposed to other sectors. For this reason, the policies that are implemented for the rural development contribute to the whole country. Since, increasing the social welfare and promoting the competent labor force for other sectors will lead to a country which is self sufficient and sustainable. The aim of this study is to analyze agriculture sector of Eurasian countries to find out the sector’s contribution to economic development. As a result, tourism and textile sectors to be qualified as focal sectors in the coming years in Eurasian countries and capable to provide essential value added to development are directly related to agriculture. Enhancement of agricultural productivity, development and diversification of market oriented production will be achieved through supporting rural areas. In addition to agricultural support, facilitating access to information sources can be provided by enhancement of dissemination activities.
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German, R. E. "SOCIAL TOURISM WITHIN THE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE." In XIV International Social Congress. Russian State Social University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15216/rgsu-xiv-104.

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Arisanty, Deasy, Eva Alviawati, Faisal Arif Setiawan, Sidharta Adyatma, and Akhmad Munaya Rahman. "Floating Market Tourism Area: Sustainable Tourism Management Strategy." In 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences Education (ICSSE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210222.070.

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Chua, Alton Y. K. "Social computing in tourism websites." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2184751.2184874.

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Kasni, Ni Wayan, and I. Wayan Budiarta. "Discursive Analysis of Tourism Advertisements." In International Conference of Social Science. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-9-2018.2281167.

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Laksmi, A. A. Rai Sita, and A. A. Gede Oka Wisnumurti. "Sustainable Tourism Model Based on Environmental Wisdom in Penglipuran Tourism Village, Kubu Subdistrict, Bangli." In International Conference of Social Science. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-9-2018.2281140.

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Reports on the topic "Tourism as a social force"

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Martínez-Sala, AM, J. Monserrat-Gauchi, and C. Campillo Alhama. Public relations in the tourism sector. Interactivity and social features of the official tourism websites of Spanish sun and beach destinations. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1170en.

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Bursztyn, Leonardo, Alessandra González, and David Yanagizawa-Drott. Misperceived Social Norms: Female Labor Force Participation in Saudi Arabia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24736.

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Ellwood, David. The Sputtering Labor Force of the 21st Century. Can Social Policy Help? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8321.

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Borsch-Supan, Axel. Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation: Evidence in Germany and Across Europe. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6780.

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Hastings, Justine, Ali Hortaçsu, and Chad Syverson. Sales Force and Competition in Financial Product Markets: The Case Of Mexico’s Social Security Privatization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18881.

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Yamada, Tetsuji, and Tadashi Yamada. The Effects of Japanese Social Security Retirement Benefits on Personal Savings and Elderly Labor Force Behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2661.

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Martínez-Sala, Alba-María, and Concepción Campillo-Alhama. La gestión de las redes sociales turísticas desde la perspectiva de las relaciones públicas 2.0: la importancia del diálogo / The management of tourism social networks from the perspective of public relations 2.0: the importance of dialogue. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-16-2018-02-05-26.

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Banerjee, Onil, Juan M. Murguia, Martin Cicowiez, and Adela Moreda. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform Approach to Tourism Investment Analysis: An Application to Costa Rica. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002288.

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Public investment in different types of tourism, from business to leisure tourism, has differentiated impacts on local economies, environment, people and government revenues. A fully integrated analytical approach such as the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform is required to capture these multi-dimensional impacts. Applying IEEM to public investment in tourism in Costa Rica we find: investing in a higher skilled labor force particularly in traditional tourism-related activities will improve household welfare; similar increases in demand across all types of tourism show that Health tourism generates the greatest impact on household welfare, while Business tourism has the best prospects for reducing unemployment; Business tourism generates the largest increase in government revenues, but also has the largest greenhouse gas emission footprint, and; the whole of economy perspective of IEEM that captures direct, indirect and induced impacts results in a higher Net Present Value estimation of the investment.
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Anderson, Patricia, Alan Gustman, and Thomas Steinmeier. Trends in Male Labor Force Participation And Retirement: Some Evidence On The Role Of Pensions And Social Security In The 1970's And 1980's. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6208.

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Peters, Chris, and Mark Schaefer. Manufacturing Technology Support (MATES) II Task Order 0006: Air Force Technology and Industrial Base Research and Analysis. Subtask Order 0004: Study on Supply Chains and Social Media. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada595004.

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