Dissertations / Theses: 'Tourism and the arts Australia'

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Young, Amanda M., University of Western Sydney, of Performance Fine Arts and Design Faculty, and School of Design. "Several interpretations of the Blue Mountains : a juxtaposition of ideas over two hundred years." THESIS_FPFAD_SD_Young_A.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/607.

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In 1815 the Blue Mountains were first identified as a unique landscape when Governor Macquarie took a tour over them and located the nineteenth century principles of the Sublime and Picturesque within its' landscape. Until this time the Blue Mountains were considered to be a hostile impenetrable barrier to the West. This paper examines some of the ways the Blue Mountains has been represented in the past, and has been identified as a tourist destination through interpretations imposed on the landscape by the tourist industry since that time. The areas covered deal with the heritage of British Colonialism as a way of forming opinions about the Australian landscape. Then, the theories of the Picturesque and Sublime are examined when applied to the Blue Mountains landscape. The final chapters in this paper deal with contemporary issues that have shaped the way the tourist industry is encouraged to encounter the Blue Mountains landscape
Master of Arts (Hons)

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Macionis, Niki, and n/a. "Wine tourism in Australia : emergence, development and critical issues." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060825.142128.

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Wine tourism has emerged as a strong and growing area of special interest tourism in Australia, and as such it has become an increasingly significant component of the Australian regional tourism product. The Australian Wine Foundation (1996) estimates total Australian wine tourism figures to be in the order of 5.3 million visits per annum, worth $428 million in 1995 and which is expected to grow substantially to around $1100 million by 2025. As a consequence, Australia's Federal and State Governments and regional communities (including regional associations) are recognising the benefits of promoting their wine districts as tourism attractions in their own right. While the destinational appeal of wine regions and the concept of wine tourism is generally acknowledged, research concerning wine tourism development, marketing and impacts is lacking. Therefore, this thesis examines the nature and potential of wine tourism in Australia, and documents its historical development and current status. The activities and initiatives of a number of agencies involved in wine tourism development and marketing are also critically examined, and significant wine tourism developmental issues are investigated through a case study of the Canberra District, an emerging Australian wine region. A number of developmental similarities between rural tourism and wine tourism are noted, including: a lack of tourism and marketing awareness and knowledge by practitioners, and a lack of industry integration and cohesion. These issues are compounded by the infancy of wine tourism and the dominant product focus of wine makers and the Australian wine industry, resulting in the absence of effective inter sectoral linkages. While a number of tourism agencies and wine industry associations are pursuing wine tourism development initiatives, the success and sustainability of these activities is dependent upon addressing various developmental issues.

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Tooke, Nichola Carole. "Tele-tourism : investigating the inter-connections between television and tourism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/423caed8-6927-400b-b857-d0a2c45ec8b5.

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Beeton, Sue 1956. "Film-induced tourism impacts and consequences." Monash University, National Centre for Australian Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7570.

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Ingram, Gloria. "Farm tourism in the South West Tapestry Region, Western Australia : experiences of hosts and guests." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1064.

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This thesis describes a research project in the South West Tapestry Region of Western Australia which uses phenomenological method to investigate the experiences of farm tourism hosts and guests. The overall aim of the research was to identify motivations of both hosts and guests in order to determine to what degree farm tourism in the SWTR provides the kind of holiday experience people are seeking. Phenomenology was chosen as a flexible yet rigorous methodology for researching lived experience, which would enable an in-depth understanding of motivations surrounding hosting farm tourism and choosing a farm tourism holiday. The initial stage of the project involved the collection of sociodemographic data from farm tourism operators with the purpose of documenting the current status of farm tourism in the region, and to build a regional profile as a context for the phenomenological investigation. Stage I of the research produced some significant findings in terms of expansion in the self-catering sector, seasonal demand patterns and visitor sources, all of which have obvious implications for future development and sustainability of farm tourism in the region. The research found that the amount of time hosts spent with guests in activities was a more important factor in the development of close relationships than accommodation type. The phenomenological investigation found hosts to be highly motivated to provide an enjoyable holiday experience on the farm for their guests, meaningful activities for children, and an opportunity for people to relax and recover from the stresses of city life. They enjoyed meeting new people and engaging in social activities with guests. There were some tensions, particularly around shared space, which need further investigation. The guests' motivations indicated they were seeking the sorts of experiences hosts were able to provide, which augurs well for the sector in terms of future business development. There was a preference from both groups for developing friendships with people who shared a common interest.

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Wang, Jie, and n/a. "Is tourism education meeting the needs of the tourism industry? An Australian case study." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081211.112039.

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Despite the rapid growth in the provision of tourism higher education in the past 40 years, uncertainties remain about the content and nature of tourism degrees and how these are aligned with the needs of the tourism industry. Some research has been done on tourism higher education curriculum design, but the extent to which tourism higher education meets industry needs has not yet been closely investigated. This study aims to ascertain whether a gap exists between what education institutions provide in their undergraduate curricula in the way of tourism knowledge and skills sets, and what knowledge and skills sets are required by the tourism industry. A conceptual framework was developed to outline the research process, which involved two steps. First, content analysis of tourism curricula was conducted as the preliminary research. A list of 34 subject areas was synthesised from all core subjects offered in tourism courses in a sample of Australian universities according to subjects? titles, themes and detailed descriptions. A list of 27 skills and abilities was identified by collating university generic skills and tourism discipline attributes from these institutions. Based on the study of tourism curricula, two web-based surveys were then designed and distributed in order to investigate the respective perceptions of industry professionals and academic providers on the subjects and skills sets necessary for tourism employment. In analysing the data, perceptions about the subjects and skills sets were compared between tourism industry professionals and academic providers. Importance- performance analysis, gap analysis, and SPSS statistical tools were applied to analyse this data. The study found considerable variance between the views of industry professionals and academic providers in Australia. Their views vary firstly on the relative value of tertiary degrees for tourism professionals; secondly, on the relative merits of skills and abilities needed to work in the tourism sector; and thirdly, on the relative merits of various subjects taught at university. These findings establish the existence of a gap between the existing tourism curriculum at university level, and the needs of the tourism industry. The findings of this study also provide evidence to suggest that tourism higher education provision should not be isolated from real practice and that those involved in curriculum design should work closely with industry representatives to ensure a strong connection between theory and practice, thus improving the likelihood that graduates of tourism higher education courses will graduate with knowledge and skills sets which are closely aligned with the needs and expectations of the tourism industry

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Stewart, Sally. "Contemporary Kitsch: An examination through creative practice." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1717.

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This exegesis examines the theoretical concept of contemporary kitsch within a creative practice that incorporates sculptural and installation art. Kitsch is a distinct aesthetic style. Once designated to the rubbish bin of culture, kitsch was considered to be low class, bad taste cheap fakes and copies (Greenberg, 1961; Adorno & Horkheimer, 1991; Calinescu, 1987; Dorfles, 1969). I argue, however, that this is no longer the case. This research critically examines the way in which contemporary kitsch now plays a vital and positive role in social and individual aesthetic life. Although there are conflicting points of view and distinct variations between recent cultural commentators (Olalquiaga, 1992; Binkley, 2000; Attfield, 2006) on what kitsch is, there is a common sentiment that “the repetitive qualities of kitsch address . . . a general problem of modernity” (Binkley, p. 131). The research aligns the repetitive qualities to what sociologist Anthony Giddens (1991) refers to as “dissembeddedness” (1991) or “the undermining of personal horizons of social and cosmic security” (Binkley, 1991, p.131). The research investigates: how the sensory affect of sentimentality imbued in the kitsch experiences, possessions and material objects people covet and collect, offer a way of the individual moving from disembeddedness to a state of being re-embedded; and locates the ways in which the artist can facilitate the re-embedding experience. Through this lens it is demonstrated that kitsch has become firmly rooted in our “lifeworlds” (Habermas, 1971), as an aesthetic that reveals “how people make sense of the world through artefacts” (Attfield, 2006, p. 201) and everyday objects; that the sensory affect of sentimentality on connections to possessions and material objects that contemporary kitsch offers is shared across cultures and societies

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Farmer, Margaret Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Terra Alterius: land of another." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Art, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29574.

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What would Australia be like if it had been recognised as terra alterius, ???land of another???, by the British, rather than claimed and treated as terra nullius, ???land of no-one???? This question was posed by the exhibition Terra Alterius: Land of Another, which comprised works by Gordon Bennett, Barbara Campbell-Allen, Julie Dowling, Shaun Gladwell + Michael Schiavello, Jonathan Jones, Joanne Searle, Esme Timbery, Freddie Timms, Lynette Wallworth, Guan Wei and Lena Yarinkura, created or nominated in response to the theme. This thesis describes the concept of terra alterius and the exhibition Terra Alterius: Land of Another. It considers the utility of the concept terra alterius, whether the exhibition achieved its ambition to explore the political and social terrain of a reconciled Australia, and, briefly, whether the concept of terra alterius might be useful to other ???terra nullius??? countries. It argues that the curatorial strategies ??? the ???What if???? re-imagination of Australia???s past, multiplicity of vision and active creation, grounding of the exhibition in affect (in response to Aboriginal painting), and working within Indigenous protocols ??? were effective, and that the exhibition was a useful means of exploring the relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Comparisons with the exhibition Turn the Soil curated by Kevin Murray and the ???retrospective utopia??? W.H. Oliver argues has been created for New Zealand by the Waitangi Tribunal provide insight into the nature of the reconciled Australia presented in the exhibition and what might be achieved by a counterfactual exhibition. From these comparisons, it is argued, first, that the exhibition points to a disjuncture between Australia???s ongoing official, psychological and legal terra nullius and the approaches and relationships present in Australian society (characterised as a performance of Bloch???s utopian function); and secondly, that a counterfactual exhibition, because it is not bound to the factual, causal or narrative qualities traditionally attributed to history, is able to explore the future in a way that contains rather than denies the past. Although the concept of terra alterius is seen as having played a crucial role in the realisation of the exhibition, it is questioned whether the concept???s utility extends beyond Australia.

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Veitch, Sarah. "Tourism as Rationale and the Resident-Tourism Relationship as Democratic Practice: The Politics of Tourism in the city of Fremantle, Western Australia." Thesis, Veitch, Sarah (2012) Tourism as Rationale and the Resident-Tourism Relationship as Democratic Practice: The Politics of Tourism in the city of Fremantle, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41702/.

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This dissertation weaves together the three interrelated themes of the politics of tourism, democratic practice, and tourism-based rationale in order to enhance understanding of the resident-tourism relationship in a Western city context. The dissertation sits within the broad theme of the politics of tourism and the political nature of tourism policy, planning, development and management at the local level. The focus within this is an analysis of the resident-tourism relationship as democratic practice. The dissertation applies a theoretical framework in which democratic theory is central and is extended to sustainability and networks theory. Tourism as rationale, or tourism-based rationale, is defined as an explanation or justification that is based upon content directly relating to or referring to tourism and where the intention is to influence processes of decision-making. Succinctly, tourism-based rationale is rationale that intends to influence through reference to tourism. Tourism-based rational is at once a particular aspect of the politics of tourism, and a part of democratic practice. Running adjacent to these themes are implications for the concept of community-based tourism. The broad political theme of the politics of tourism and the specific theme of democratic practice are linked in three key ways in the conceptual framework that informs the methodology. First, residents are conceived as politically and collectively active in development debate in the city. Second, the focus of the resident-tourism relationship is consequently on the planning and development issues that residents are concerned and involved with and, specifically, the use of tourism as rationale within these. Thirdly, stakeholders, including residents, participate in development debate democratically through the application of various rationales – as argument, justification and reasoning. Rationale is at once a part of democratic practice through engagement with reason, and, when shared, is an act of political participation. Similarly, stakeholders engage with the phenomenon of tourism in contemporary development debate in the city through the use of tourism as rationale, or tourism-based rationale. Succinctly, this is direct reference to tourism as part of rationale intended to influence or justify decision-making or development outcomes. Tourism-based rationale is, therefore, the political and democratic engagement with tourism in the broader context of city policy, planning, development and management, and is the third theme of the dissertation. This dissertation is situated within a qualitative and constructivist paradigm, and employs a critical ethnographic methodology to investigate the resident-tourism relationship in the city of Fremantle. The study used a variety of methods, including interviews and participant observation, with a major focus on content analysis and discourse analysis of a broad range of informal and formal documentary sources concerning development debate and contestation. A series of case studies is divided into two foci: first, tourism policy, planning, development and management, and second, waterfront development and tourism. The dissertation proposes three key outcomes within the context of Western urban tourism. First, the traditional model of ‘impacts of tourism on residents’ is rejected as too narrowly prescriptive to be the foundation of the resident-tourism relationship. Rather, a more proactive and dynamic framework is proposed, in which the resident-tourism relationship is redefined from hosts to public sphere participation in a networked policy and planning environment. Second, and in contrast to the democratic participation of public spheres, formal democratic participation and practice is subsumed by liberal capitalist democracy. As such, governance is conducted by the state and business, resulting in formal public consultation practices that exclude public spheres. Finally, tourism-based rationale is the most prominent and significant impact of tourism. In particular, the use of tourism-based rationale reveals both the content and context of tourism. The content is how tourism itself is conceived, and the context is where tourism is politically situated in broader city policy and planning. Furthermore, discourse analysis of tourism-based rationale, together with analysis of democratic practice, reveals that contestation concerning tourism and its relationship to broader city policy, planning and development is fundamentally a contestation of values, namely social and environmental values contrasted with economic, profit-making values. These findings necessarily have implications for tourism policy and planning and its integration with city policy and planning.

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Ressom, Robert. "Forest ecotourism in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envr435.pdf.

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Ollenburg, Claudia, and n/a. "Farm Tourism in Australia: A Family Business and Rural Studies Perspective." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070717.165555.

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This research examines the Australian farm tourism sector within both family business and rural studies research paradigms. It analyses which farmers in Australia establish farm tourism businesses, and why. It extends previous research on farm tourism both in breadth, by covering an entire continent; and in depth, using qualitative approaches to determine the internal and external triggers for individual decisions, as well as quantitative approaches to establish the operational structure of the sector and the overall motivations of its operators. There were three separate stages to this study, with an increasingly detailed focus. In the first, a national database of farm tourism operators was constructed from publicly available sources. In the second phase, a 92 item questionnaire was mailed to every operator, with a response rate just below 50%. In the third phase, detailed interviews were conducted with 43 farm tourism operators either on site or by telephone. There are over 650 working farms which offer farm based tourism products in Australia. A few are large, remote and luxurious, but the majority are small, family priced and close to major population centres. There are around 14,000 beds, with mean occupancy rate 35%, and total annual turnover AUS$115 million. Only 0.2% of Australian farmers have taken up tourism, as compared with 10-20% in some European countries. There are four major groups of farm tourism operators in Australia: full time farms, part time farms, retirement farms and lifestyle farms. There are statistically significant differences between these groups in the make up of their income streams, and in their motivations and family structures. Australian farm tourism operators attach slightly more significance to social than financial gains. Particular groups of operators, however, do indeed rely on farm tourism as a key income stream. For lifestyle operators, the farm component is principally a lifestyle luxury and a tourism attraction, with tourism generating the principal income. For retirement farmers, farming is no longer at a commercially viable scale, and tourism provides the cashflow to keep the operators on their farm property during semi retirement. For part time operators, tourism provides an income stream in addition and, where possible, in preference to off farm employment, for farm families having difficulty making ends meet. For full time farmers, tourism is not seen as a long term important income source, but as a diversification option which enabled them to survive external economic shocks caused by changes in commodity prices or government policies. Whereas an income from farm tourism seems to have been an important stopgap or supplement which allows the operators to maintain their farms and farming lifestyles, it does not necessarily generate sufficient income to support two generations on the same property. At least to date, therefore, it appears that farm tourism cannot be relied upon routinely as a new lifeline for rural communities in Australia. It does indeed have a role to play, but the role may be different in different parts of the country. In the more remote areas, farm tourism can provide a buffer for an older generation of farming families, helping to maintain stability in rural communities and land tenure. In areas popular with amenity migrants, however, farm tourism may act as an agent of change, part of a package which brings former urban professionals to a rural semi retirement.

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Pan, Grace Wen, and n/a. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia." Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.110427.

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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.

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Hayes, Anna-Lisa. "Aborigines, tourism and Central Australia : national visions disarticulated from local realities." Thesis, Macquarie University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/281585.

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Thinking about Aborigines and tourism has a short but dynamic history. Twenty years ago Aboriginal presence was seen as an intrusion on white enjoyment of geological formations and wildlife in an unpeopled landscape

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Paris, Lisa. "Visual arts history and visual arts criticism : Applications in middle schooling." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1240.

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Visual arts history and criticism occupy central positions in visual arts curriculum statements in Western Australia. This status is sustained by the belief that the study of visual arts history and criticism actively contributes to the education of the student as a "whole person". In reality however, rather than attending to the holistic education of students, the application of visual arts history and criticism in Western Australian schools tends to be pragmatic and instrumental - visual arts teachers often use visual art works as "learning aids" because they don't have time, interest or experience in dealing with visual arts works in any other way. While visual arts history and criticism offer the student a valuable life-skill worth acquiring for the contribution they could make to the student's autonomy and personal welfare, this understanding often seems a foreign concept for many classroom teachers. The difference between theorists' and teachers' understandings of the place and purpose of visual arts history and criticism provides an important area of inquiry requiring urgent attention. This research makes a foray into this domain with the purpose of shedding light on the content and methods used by middle school visual arts teachers and their students' perceptions of the content and methods. A qualitative descriptive study was selected for the research taking the form of semi-structured interviews with six teachers. An interview guide was used and transcripts deriving from this methodology were coded by way of reference to the original research questions and classifications which emanated from emergent themes. The teacher interviews were complemented by a questionnaire administered to one class of students from each of the six schools. Participating teachers were selected through a stratified sampling technique. Analysis of data was undertaken from a qualitative stance in the case of interview participants. Narrative-style reporting of interview content was employed to facilitate accurate representation of the teachers' perceptions of visual arts history and criticism at the middle school level. A quantitative analysis of students' questionnaires provided triangulation of methodology, ensuring greater levels of validity than would be afforded by qualitative methods alone. With pressure being applied by the impending implementation of the Curriculum Framework for Kindergarten to Year 12 Education in Western Australian Schools (1998) for the formal inclusion of Arts Responses (aesthetics, art criticism) and Arts in Society (art history), a pressing need exists for clear information about current professional practice. Findings indicated that a misalignment appears to exist between theoretical assumptions embedded in documentation supporting the implementation of the Framework and actual classroom teaching practice. The implications of such misalignment, albeit illustrated on a small scale, are that the initiatives of the Framework may not be sustainable in the longer term, precisely because they are built upon invalid assumptions about what teachers actually do. Whilst the size of the sample and scope of the research limits the generalisability of findings, this first foray may provide impetus for a more comprehensive and evaluative study at a later date.

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Hardy, Anne. "A troubled paradise : stakeholder perceptions of tourism in the Daintree Region of Far North Queensland, Australia /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16808.pdf.

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Pan, Wen. "The Chinese outbound tourist market to Australia : strategies of Australian tourism product suppliers into the Chinese market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36331/1/36331_Pan_1999.pdf.

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Understanding the Chinese tourism market to Australia is important for managers of Australian tourism product suppliers, marketing practitioners and academics, when China is an emerging market to Australia. This research examines contemporary issues in the Australian tourism product suppliers tapping into the Chinese tourism market. The research problem in this thesis is: How do Australian tourism product suppliers develop their strategies into the Chinese outbound tourism market? A case study methodology was applied in this research by interviewing the major players of Australian tourism product suppliers. The iterative research design was applied in this research due to the lack of previous research. Data from indepth interviews with key senior managers from case studies is analysed by within-case and cross-case analysis. From the findings, it is evident that cun-ently it is still at the early stage to talk about the Chinese outbound tourism market to Australia, because Australia was granted Approved Destination Status by the Chinese government on 22 April 1999. Nevertheless, the characteristics of Chinese travel patterns, the characteristics of Chinese tourists to Australia, the problems that the Australian tourism product suppliers of Australia have met and their strategies to solve these problems are investigated based on the previous experience of the Australian tourism product suppliers dealing with the Chinese tourism market. The major contribution of this research is the development of the understanding of the Chinese tourism market integrating all the detailed findings of the three research issues to answer the research problem in this research. The thesis also suggests the possible theoretical and practical ways for Australian tourism product suppliers to develop their strategies into the Chinese tourism market.

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Yu, Xin 1956. "Conceptualising and assessing intercultural competence of tour guides : an analysis of Australian guides of Chinese tour groups." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5637.

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LomineÌ, Loykie. "Just for sex? : my own private thesis on gay tourism in Australia." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343549.

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Vlasich, Eliza Jane. "Exploring social media use by local tourism providers in rural Western Australia." Thesis, Vlasich, Eliza Jane (2022) Exploring social media use by local tourism providers in rural Western Australia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65265/.

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Social media has had a significant impact on the tourism industry. Instagram has become a popular platform to share travel experiences due to the visual experience it offers users. This study utilised a case study approach to explore how small business, local tourism providers in the Shire of Collie, Western Australia (Collie), are using social media to promote their business and the destination. This study also examined how local tourism providers and social media users utilise hashtags on Instagram to represent a rural Western Australia tourist destination. The study included conducting semi-structured interviews with 11 local tourism providers representing five major requirements of a tourist destination (Dickman, 1989). Common barriers in using social media were identified. Challenges included inadequate time, difficulty in measuring the impact of social media and lack of knowledge using affordances, such as using functionalities effectively. Participants shared benefits of using social media, which included reaching a wider audience and a ‘younger’ demographic. The interviews also explored influences on local tourism providers’ social media use, including the influence of destination management organisations (DMO) activities and resources. A content analysis of hashtags on Instagram was undertaken to explore how hashtags are used in conjunction with Collie, including the most popular hashtags. Based on purposive sampling, ten hashtags related to tourism in Collie were selected. The hashtags included popular tourist attractions, such as #blackdiamondlake, and hashtags used on the Collie Visitor Centre Instagram page, including #collierivervalley and #colliewa. From this sample, five hashtags with the highest growth were used as the basis of exploration of other hashtags used in conjunction with the topic. The hashtags were categorised based on the level of DMO, to explore the influence of DMO marketing on hashtag use. Hashtags relating to Tourism Western Australia marketing campaigns such as #wanderoutyonder and #thisiswa, were amongst the most used hashtags. Finally, this study explored Kavaratzis’ (2004) theoretical framework for developing city brands and proposes changes to the model, to include local tourism providers and social media. The framework discusses three levels of communication representing different aspects of marketing a destination: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The study proposes changes to Kavaratzis’ (2004) framework, to reflect how communication has evolved to include social media and demonstrate how it can be used to describe communication in rural tourist destinations. This study provides a holistic approach to understanding how local tourism providers in a rural destination use social media, and may be utilised in other rural settings to develop destination image. The findings reflect that local tourism providers in Collie recognise the benefits of using social media for promotion, although there are barriers when using social media.

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Magnusson, Carina, and Mattias Rydberg. "Culinary tourism : Mårtensgås – marknadsföring av Skåne." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26163.

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Chalon, Christopher. "Conflict and citizenship behaviour in Australian performing arts organisations." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0096.

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The managers of professional performing arts organisations are faced with a unique dilemma. They must support their artistic personnel, who are typically driven by the quest for new, challenging and experimental works, while achieving the economic success necessary for the continued viability of their organisations. Failing to effectively manage this artistic-economic dichotomy can result in a conflict between artists and managers that threatens the long-term survival of these organisations. There is a clear need, therefore, for arts managers to foster an organisational climate that minimises conflict, while promoting organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) such as sportsmanship (a willingness to tolerate less than ideal circumstances without complaining) and courtesy (a willingness to show sensitivity towards others and actively avoid creating problems for co-workers). The main aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which factors such as organisational structure, organisational culture and employees motivational orientation influence peoples perceptions of their job scope (as indicated by high levels of task variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback from the job), a construct which has been found to reduce organisational conflict and increase employees propensity to display OCBs. While these relationships have been suggested in previous research, they have not been tested in a performing arts industry context. The data analysed in the present study suggested an enjoyment motivational orientation, a challenge motivational orientation, an organic culture and formalisation positively influenced perceptions of job scope, which, in turn, positively influenced both OCBs (sportsmanship and courtesy). A challenge orientation also had a positive impact on sportsmanship, while sportsmanship positively and directly influenced courtesy. Centralisation was negatively related to perceived job scope and sportsmanship, although it had a positive impact on courtesy. Conflict was negatively influenced by formalisation and by an organic culture, but was positively influenced by a hierarchal culture.

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Raisi, Varkani Hossein. "Inter-organisational transfer of knowledge in tourism." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2214.

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Knowledge is widely recognised as the primary source of competitive advantage. Efficient transfer of knowledge within a tourism destination can improve the innovative capabilities and competitiveness of the destination. However, tourism scholarly research and industry practice have both been slow to import and apply knowledge management (KM) concepts. This research explored the transfer of knowledge between tourism organisations in Western Australia (WA). A conceptual framework was developed based on social capital theory and KM constructs. The developed research framework comprised four dimensions of ‘structural’, ‘relational’, ‘organisational’ and ‘knowledge’ properties, which encompass the major antecedents of knowledge transfer. Two types of data were collected in two stages within WA, and network analysis (NA) was central in the methodology and analyses of the data. In the first stage of the study, hyperlink data were collected, and the online web network of the destination was analysed. Tourism websites were considered online sources of information whose connections could affect the online visibility of the destination and its performance. A network of 1515 WA tourism websites was analysed via NA techniques. Results showed that the hyperlink network of the WA destination had a sparse, centralised and hierarchical structure. In addition, the websites tended to form communities based on their geographical locations. Public tourism organisations and information services played a central and significant role in the destination network. For the main stage of data collection, an online questionnaire was developed based on the research conceptual framework. A total of 166 valid questionnaires were returned, which resulted in a network of 510 nodes (organisations) and 1054 ties (transfer of knowledge). A rich variety of network measures were used to analyse the topological properties of the network. The results indicated that the WA network has low connectivity and is highly centralised around public bodies. The network also showed very few reciprocal relationships and limited boundary spanners that connect the network to external sources of knowledge. In addition, results confirmed the similarity of the network characteristics with the virtual hyperlink network of the destination. Structural analyses of the knowledge network cannot sufficiently explain the complex process of knowledge transfer. Thus, the last stage of the study proposed and applied a weighted diffusion model that used the major antecedents of knowledge transfer, including trust, tie strength, proximity, absorptive capacity and knowledge ambiguity. The diffusion model provided a quantitative tool to measure the efficiency of the knowledge transfer in the destination network. The result of the model for WA tourism provided evidence of the very low efficiency of knowledge transfer in this destination. Overall, this study analysed the network of knowledge flow in WA and showed the destination network is not efficient enough and needs improvement. Network analysis provided a detailed map of knowledge flow, which destination management organisations can benefit from to improve their understanding of the network, its weaknesses and strengths, and to determine what actions will improve it. This study is among the very few to take a comprehensive approach to measure and quantify the efficiency of knowledge transfer within a tourism destination. In addition, this research provided a model for future research of how to explore and analyse the interorganisational transfer of knowledge within a tourism destination.

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Widhyastuti, Ichsanna Samba Rukmie, and samba widhyastuti@gmail com. "Ethniehubs: A Case Study of Sydney, Australia." Faculty of Architecture, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3957.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Abstract There has been a significant change in Australian consumer behaviour with an increase in time and money spent, in suburban ethnic business districts (named in this study as ethniehubs). But little attention has been paid to the role of ethnically owned stores in generating income within ethniehubs. In fact, there is still a lack of research conducted by architects and planners about the way in which the physical environment of ethnic stores in ethniehubs attract consumers, and the way in which the physical environment affect consumers’ behaviour. Therefore, the study is important in filling the current gap in literature. For this Sydney-based study, two separate ethniehubs are used for data collection - Leichhardt with a strong Italian character, and Cabramatta with identifiably Vietnamese attributes. The goal of this study is to find out how the ethniehubs have developed and how consumers behave in ethniehubs. The present study derived from architecture and planning, also addresses the effect of the physical environment of ethnic stores on consumers behaviour at both store and ethniehub level. The research has several questions to answer. How have Sydney’s ethniehubs developed? How do ethniehubs influence consumer behaviour? More specifically: What attracts consumers to ethniehubs? Who are these consumers? What do they purchase? Does the ethnic background of consumers influence their behaviour in ethniehubs? The data are collected through observation, survey and focus group discussions of consumers at both Leichhardt and Cabramatta. The findings of this research have a number of implications for urban planning, i.e tourism, place branding and place marketing. By understanding the importance of the physical environment of ethnic stores, more considered architectural design and interior decoration will ensure that their most highly valued aspects are reinforced. This study also contributes to the knowledge of urban planning of ethniehub shopping precincts and ethnic stores decorations each of which has important social and economic consequences.

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Parry, Gwyneth E. M. "Indigenous cultural tourism, an examination of process and representation in Canada and Australia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ48430.pdf.

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25

Parry, Gwyneth E. M. (Gwyneth Esther Myfanwy) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Indigenous cultural tourism: an examination of process and representation in Canada and Australia." Ottawa, 2000.

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26

Goff, Rachel. "The economic value of tourism and recreation in forested areas of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1302.

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In recent years, natural area tourism has been presented as a more profitable, labour intensive and environmentally sound industry than the traditional extractive industries which have resulted in the depletion of primary resources in many countries (Burr, 1995). However, in order for economic returns from tourism to be maintained over a long period of time, investment in resources and infrastructure that support and encourage sustainable tourism and recreation activity in natural areas is required. The key to sustainability is maintaining the capital stock of resources (Garrod & Fyall, 1998; Russell, 2001). In a society driven by economics, resources are allocated according to their representative worth to the population. However, the true value of the environmental resources, which underpin tourism and recreation in natural areas, is hidden due to the non-price and common-good attributes (Marcouiller, 1998). The application of measurement techniques which capture economic values for these resources provides a decision framework which promotes sustainability in the sector. This thesis estimates the gross economic value of tourism and recreation in the forested areas of the South West of Western Australia. The research utilises an established non-market valuation technique, travel cost analysis. The determination of travel costs by visitors to forested areas is used as a market substitute to estimate the tourism and recreation value of the forests in the Conservation and Land Management's Central and Southern Forest regions in the South West of Western Australia. The findings presented in this thesis provide an order of magnitude estimate of the gross market value of tourism and recreation in the Central and Southern Forest regions in 2000-2001 at between $122 million and $160 million. Primary research at a single forest site in the region, the Valley of the Giants, Tree Top Walk, Walpole, provides an estimate of the annual gross market value at between $27.8 million (intrastate market only) and $28.9 million (entire market) using an attribution factor of 70%. This calculation is based on all visitors to the site, with 70% of their visitor expenditure in the region (Manjimup/ Walpole/ Denmark) being attributable to the Valley of the Giants site. With the inclusion of the opportunity cost of travel time, the estimate increases to $33.16 million (based on the intrastate market only and an attribution factor of 70% ). The consumer surplus value of the Valley of the Giants site, without accounting for the money spent on park entry fees to the site, is estimated at $50.84 million (measure based on the intrastate market only who account for 79% of the market and without the inclusion of the opportunity costs of travel time). With an attribution factor of 70% the consumer surplus value is $35.58 million. Intrastate visitors to the Valley of the Giants spent approximately $760,000 on park entry fees to the Valley of the Giants site in 2000-2001. Therefore with the attribution factor applied, the consumer surplus value, net the park entry fees is approximately $35 million . With a visitation rate of approximately 151,200 intrastate visitors in 2000-2001, the benefits accruing to each individual are $231.48 per person or $83 per person per day spent in the Manjimup/ Walpole/ Denmark region (average length of stay 2.8 days). The findings from this study provides a significant contribution to the management of forested areas in Western Australia providing valuable economic information with which to compare other forest use values. This information can be used to facilitate zoning decisions and multiple-use management strategies in forested areas, particularly when aggregated with other valuation studies. In a climate where public funds are limited, the economic measurement of tourism and recreation in forested areas provides justification for the allocation of government resources to facilitate the sustainable management of tourism in the region. In addition, the methodology adopted will provide a basis for future repeat studies and may also be applicable to other forest regions around Australia.

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Armstrong, Elizabeth Kate, and n/a. "Tourism destination recovery after the 2003 Canberra fires." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081218.091856.

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The tourism industry is vulnerable to crises and disasters and increasingly government and industry stakeholders are turning their attention to how to prevent, manage and recover from shock events. In the last decade there has been increasing interest in tourism research on crises and disasters, prompted in part by recognition of the tourism industry's vulnerabilities and what appear to be more frequent shock events. The beginning of this century has been marked by a series of crises and disasters including the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak in the United Kingdom, the 2001 terrorist hijackings in the USA, the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings, the 2003 SARS epidemic in southeast Asia and Canada, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in the southern USA in 2005 (Henderson, 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007a) has also predicted that the extreme weather events associated with climate change will lead to more natural disasters. Crises and disaster have local, regional and global repercussions on the tourism industry at business/corporate, industry and destination levels and the need for more attention to preparation, response and recovery is acknowledged. Much of the initial tourism research in this field focused on descriptions of crises and disasters and their impacts on tourism with some reflection on their management. This foundation and the comprehensive crisis and disaster literature from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, geography and environmental science led to development of crisis and disaster management frameworks specifically designed for the tourism industry. These frameworks have achieved varying degrees of acceptance amongst tourism researchers with Faulkner and Vikulov's (2001) Tourism Disaster Management Framework (TDMF) being the most well known and often cited. The more recent Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (CDMF) developed by Ritchie (2004) is a useful destination-level framework based on a strategic management approach. Despite the development of these frameworks, relatively little tourism research effort has focused on destination recovery and very little on medium and long term recovery. In addition, there is little research on wildfires as a type of natural disaster. The extensive bushfires in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 2003 (often referred to as the Canberra fires) provided an opportunity to investigate in a longitudinal study the short, medium and long term actions undertaken by the government and tourism industry to assist destination recovery and then compare them with Ritchie's prescriptive CDMF. Being longer term research this study is able to consider almost the entire recovery stage whereas other research has focused on short or medium term recovery (for example Faulkner & Vikulov, 2001). This research centred on a case study which is defined by Yin (1989 quoted in Wimmer & Dominick, 1997, p. 102) as an 'empirical inquiry that uses multiple sources of evidence to investigate a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context'. This case study used interviewing, the documentary method and participant observation as the key methods. Representatives of government and the tourism industry were interviewed in-depth about the actions taken by their organisations or businesses. The interviews were semi-structured with mostly open-ended questions and some participants undertook multiple interviews over a three year period. Extensive secondary data and documentation about the bushfire and subsequent response and recovery was generated by the ACT government, industry and community and publicly available sources included reports and reviews, media releases, newspaper articles, newsletters, brochures, websites and legal and coronial enquiries. These were critical for gaining a comprehensive understanding of recovery. Participant observation was also important and, as a resident of the ACT, the author participated in relevant events and observed the public face of community recovery. The three methods resulted in a large data set that was distilled into a 'response and recovery story' structured according to Ritchie's CDMF. Upon comparing the findings with the framework, it was found that many elements were evident in the 'real life' case study including crisis communication, resource management, stakeholder communication, destination restoration and disasters as agents for change. There were also new findings that could be integrated into a redeveloped framework including the establishment of a recovery team, training for crisis and disaster management, tourist/visitor management, recovery planning, human resource management issues, business recovery tools, partnerships and memorialisation and commemoration. The resulting Tourism Industry Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (TICDMF) is a practical and comprehensive tool for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) that both describes what occurred in a real life case study but also prescribes recommended management actions. In addition to specific recommendations for the ACT tourism industry, this research also resulted in general recommendations to the tourism industry, government and educators. These focused on (i) the importance of crisis and disaster management planning, (ii) the need to evaluate and document response and recovery and devote adequate resources to organisational learning, (iii) potential use of tools like the TICDMF and the plethora of resources to manage crises and disasters, (iv) educating staff, academics and tertiary tourism and hospitality students about crisis and disaster management and (v) accepting the chaos of recovery and devoting adequate resources to address the resulting complexity. The tourism industry is vulnerable to external shocks whether they be local crises or national disasters. The preparedness of the industry and its ability to effectively respond and recover is of critical importance for destinations and the community in which they function. Case studies of crises and disaster and development of a body of theoretical and practical knowledge will ensure that government and industry continue to play an important role in caring for the safety and security of tourists while maintaining a viable and sustainable industry for all stakeholders.

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Scarparolo, Gemma E. "Character cars : How computer technology enhances learning in terms of arts ideas and arts skills and proceses in a year 7 male visual arts education program." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/662.

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'The possibilities that the technology can offer are seemingly endless and remain to be fully explored in [visual] art education." (Callow. 2001. p,43) The aim of this research is to investigate whether the integration of Visual Arts Technology Tools (TECH-TOOLS) into Traditional Visual Arts Programs (TRAD-['ROG) enhance the students' learning in terms of Arts Ideas (AI) and Arts Skills and Processes (ASP) and whether it is a cost effective option for Western Australian primary schools. To determine whether it is worth the inclusion of TECH-TOOLS in terms of enhancing learning. this research will statistically state whether the combination of TECH-TOOLS and Traditional Visual Arts Media (TRAD-MEDIA) enhance the expressive outcomes of Year Seven boys' artwork. The comparative case study method has been chosen as the most suitable method to enable the Researcher to establish the impact that combining TECH-TOOLS with TRAD-MEDIA have upon Year Seven boys' artwork. The Control group only used TRAD-MEDIA and the Experimental group used both TRAD-MEDIA and TECH-TOOLS to create a piece of artwork based on the chosen theme, Character Cars. There were 23 students in the Control group and 24 students in the Experimental group, however not all students attempted or completed the task for reasons which will be explained in Chapter Four. Each group was involved in three sequenced activities based on the chosen theme, with the second activity varying only according to the media used to complete the task. Combinations of quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research. To present quantitative data which provides insights into whether Visual Arts (VA) teachers should be combining TECH-TOOLS with TRAD-MEDIA in their Visual Arts Programs (VAP), each piece of artwork was assessed and analysed using descriptive analysis of the data. Each participant completed a written feedback form outlining their attitudes, feelings and thoughts about their artwork and the media that they used. The Researcher and an independent Visual Arts Education (V AE) expert also took anecdotal records during the VA activities with the aim of recording the participants' involvement and enjoyment of the activities. This study is significantly different from the current research in this area u!; it will: provide quantitative data which will demonstrate Whether the combination of TECH-TOOLS and TRAD-MEDlA enhances students' artwork; link the relevant literature and findings of this study to the Western Australian primary school context; provide links to the Western Australian Curriculum Council's Curriculum Framework; and comment on the influence of gender in VAE. All of these factors contribute to the uniqueness of this study.

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Masters, Tristan Andrew, and tristan masters@acma gov au. "Supply and Demand of Creative Arts in Regional Victoria, Australia." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.152730.

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Creative arts can make vital contributions to both economies and communities. Moreover, these impacts can be keenly felt by smaller, regional communities, where shifts away from traditional rural industries are apparent, and in the context of the Inew economy' which emphasises the importance of knowledge industries and creative industries. This research investigates creative arts supply and demand in regional Victoria, Australia through the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in three target communities. Fundamentally, this thesis presents a detailed analysis of the current supply and demand environment, including the impacts of regional arts festivals, and determines the conditions, events and characteristics which could strengthen regional Victorian supply and demand of creative arts. This thesis analyses focus group data to investigate current levels of supply of creative arts in regional Victoria. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that the supply of creative arts in the target areas is limited by scarce resources, isolation, negative community attitudes towards creative arts, and a small audience or sales market and an over-reliance on volunteers. Small and micro-businesses in the regional Victorian arts sector are seen as having motivations for operating beyond making money, limited business acumen, and have difficulty in marketing themselves effectively. Best-practice strategies to strengthen the operations of small and micro-businesses include adopting a more entrepreneurial attitude towards arts business, using an agent to source new audiences or sales markets and to maximise the promotion of their product, creating art which is accessible to the local community, and to engage in skills development and business training. Using attitudes towards creative arts, participation in creative arts and expenditure on creative arts as a measure of current demand levels, this thesis applies a range of statistical and econometric tests to the data collected from the three target communities. Contrary to the view emergent from the supply data, this thesis shows that regional Victorians have strong levels of demand for creative arts. Results show higher than average levels of overall monthly arts expenditure, and strong demand for cinema, craft fairs or exhibitions, books, CDs and other music formats. Low levels of demand were noted for classical music, opera or ballet. Chi-Squared analysis and ordered probit results show that gender, age, festival attendance, education, and individual levels of overall arts expenditure are all determinants of creative arts demand. Analysis regarding impacts and key aspects of two regional arts festivals found that regional festival patrons are more likely to be female, local to the host region, have a middle income, and hold a high school or equivalent qualification. An econometric model, including two versions of an Ordinary Least Squares regression in addition to Tobit and probit estimations, was used to more accurately estimate individual expenditure characteristics, notably accounting for the zero-expenditure of attendees who are local to the host region. This thesis provides valuable contributions to knowledge regarding the supply and demand of creative arts in regional areas. It also provides practical insights for policy makers, festival organisers, and the regional arts industry.

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Dunn, Alison Mary. "Museum visitors, tourism and local economic development in greater Glasgow." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249870.

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31

Lawrie, Misty Suanne. "Patterns of coastal tourism growth and multiple dwelling : implications for informal camping along the Ningaloo coastline." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0222.

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Over the past few decades, the development of coastal areas has become an increasingly contested arena. For many years, tourism in remote coastal areas has been the preserve of a few intrepid campers, surfers and recreational fishers. More recently, however, numbers along parts of the coast have increased rapidly, not only contributing to an expansion of camping activity, but also pressure for more commercially oriented tourism. This has contributed to concerns about the environmental sustainability of tourism in remote coastal areas. Governments have increasingly been faced with the challenge of balancing ecological concerns with the pursuit of economic development. Adding to the complexity are the differing needs and demands of various segments of the tourism market all looking to enjoy particular places. Balancing the demands of campers, backpackers, package tourists and others in a single place is often wrought with conflict. This study explores some of these issues in a remote coastal area in Western Australia. The Ningaloo coast has evolved from a difficult to reach destination used by a small number of campers, to one of Western Australia's most popular tourist destinations in just two decades. The thesis examines the factors underlying the growth and change of tourism in the region, tracing its evolution from a few small rudimentary campsites to proposals for large scale resort developments. Of particular interest to this thesis is how planning and policy processes aim to address developmental pressures and resource use/planning conflicts. Additionally, this study provides an insight into the issues facing the informal, long term camper as the traditional segment of Ningaloo's tourism market. It examines how current planning and policy for the Ningaloo coastline affects this group by reshaping traditional tourism use of the area.

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Persson, Marcus-Ola. "Förutsättningar för dark tourism i kontinentala Kroatien." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34377.

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Ett land som fortfarande har känner av konsekvenserna av ett krig där turismen var en av de verksamheter som drabbades hårt. Kan de vända krigets negativa konsekvenser till en stark turistverksamhet som bidrar till uppbyggnaden av landet igen? Vilka metoder ska det använda och vart kan de ta inspiration ifrån? Dark tourism är en form av turism som växer sig allt starkare runt om i världen och i Kroatien kan den ha en framtid. Denna studie har undersökt vilka förutsättningarna är för dark tourism på destinationer som drabbats hårt av kriget 1991– 95. Studien fokuserar på fyra destinationer där två är utanför Kroatien och två i kontinentala Kroatien. Det som framgår av resultaten i studien är att destinationerna i Kroatien fortfarande har mycket kvar att arbeta på för att skapa den bästa möjliga förutsättningen för dark tourism i landet.
A country that still feels the consequences from a war that crippled the tourism industry. Could they possibly turn the negative consequences to a new and strong tourism industry? What methods are to be used and from where could they take inspiration? Dark tourism is a form of tourism that’s only getting stronger across the world and in Croatia it might have a future. This paper has conducted a study on the conditions for dark tourism in destinations that have been the subject of war 1991-95. The study focuses on four destinations, two of which are outside of Croatia and two that lay within Croatia. The results from the conducted studies indicates that the destinations in Croatia have a lot of work ahead of them to create the best conditions for dark tourism in their country.

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33

Riege, Andreas M. "Marketing communication of international travel and tourism : a study of UK and German markets for Australia and New Zealand." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.

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34

Schroeder, Jacqueline. "Aboriginal cultural tourism : Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park." Thesis, University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/276115.

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Hadwen, Wade Lynton, and w. hadwen@mailbox gu edu au. "Effects of Nutrient Additions on Dune Lakes on Fraser Island, Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030304.091718.

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Given the rapidly increasing visitation levels to Fraser Island, there is increasing concern that tourist activities may threaten the long-term ecological health of the region's unique dune lakes. This project aimed to investigate the consequences of tourist use of Fraser Island's dune lakes and to develop appropriate monitoring tools and management objectives in light of the projected increases in visitation levels in the foreseeable future. The initial phase of this research aimed to identify the relative importance of some of the most popular dune lakes on the island as key destinations for tourists. Tourist surveys, in conjunction with the development of a Tourist Pressure Index (TPI), which quantifies logistic, social and natural variables, identified Lakes McKenzie, Allom and Birrabeen as the lakes most at risk from excessive tourist use. In addition, analyses of water quality in 15 lakes on Fraser Island aimed to determine the current trophic status of dune lakes on Fraser Island and the ecological implications of tourist use of these systems. Detailed comparisons of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations in five popular dune lakes in February 1990 (data from Arthington et al. 1990) and February 1999 suggested that productivity has increased significantly in the past decade. More detailed examinations of nutrient and algal variables in five popular perched dune lakes revealed that while ambient nutrient and phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations remained relatively stable, periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations increased over the course of the 1999-2000 summer in most lakes. Significantly, these increases were found only in heavily visited (disturbed) sites in the clear lakes examined (McKenzie and Birrabeen). In these lakes, where algal growth is likely to be only limited by nutrient availability, tourist nutrient additions may stimulate excessive periphyton production. Experimental algal bioassays identified that phytoplankton and to a lesser degree periphyton growth was stimulated by nutrient additions in all five perched dune lakes. However, the degree to which growth was stimulated was both lake and nutrient (nitrogen versus phosphorus versus nitrogen + phosphorus) dependent, highlighting the variable nature of systems within a relatively small geographic range. Since periphyton biomass was higher in heavily visited areas of lakes and was likely to be stimulated by nutrient additions by tourists, stable isotope analyses of littoral zone food webs were conducted to quantify the percent contribution of periphyton to consumer diets. There was a trend towards higher periphyton contributions in systems identified as key tourist locations (on the basis of their TPI scores) and this indicates that increasing visitation may increase the contribution of periphyton to littoral zone food webs, both via increases in the quantity and quality of periphyton as a food resource. To further explore the contribution of periphyton in littoral zone food webs of heavily visited lakes, a 15N-tracer addition experiment was conducted to establish the fate of nutrient additions within the littoral zone. Nutrients were added in quantities that mimicked those likely from tourists, to enable a realistic appraisal of the fate of tourist additions. As expected, periphyton rapidly assimilated the added 15N-tracer and was found to be the first and most significant sink for nutrients entering the littoral zone. Finally, the results from this research were used to develop a conceptual model of nutrient enrichment for perched dune lakes on Fraser Island. The model indicates that although nutrient additions from tourists may lead to undesirable increases in periphyton biomass, the degree to which this is deemed to be a detrimental ecological outcome is likely to be mediated by water level fluctuations and the consumptive capacity of grazers. Given that excessive periphyton growth is likely to be seen as negative impact of tourism, regular periphyton monitoring (biomass and percent contribution to littoral zone food webs) should be built into an updated monitoring program for this series of dune lakes. Whilst the implementation of periphyton monitoring is likely to enable the early detection of deleterious impacts of excessive tourist use, it is likely that the long-term conservation of the region will, in the future, require the implementation of strict visitation level guidelines, to ensure that the irreversible consequences of long term additions of nutrients are ameliorated.

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Le, Thi Kieu Huong. "Performing Arts Management in a Climate of Adjustment: Case Studies from Vietnam and Australia." School of Policy and Practice, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1115.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
This thesis investigates performing arts administration and management in the current economic and social environment in Vietnam and Australia within a context of globalisation. A comparative study of two major arts organisations in both Vietnam and Australia was carried out to investigate the following: why and how performing arts organisations are adapting to the changing environment; how arts leaders are adapting to changes; and whether arts managers need specific arts management training. The suitability of pertinent training packages and tertiary arts management courses from an Australian perspective are examined to determine whether these could be adapted for arts administration training in Vietnam. A qualitative case study approach was employed, using judgemental sampling. Two case studies were in Vietnam (the Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra and the Hanoi Youth Theatre), and two in Australia (the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and the Melbourne Theatre Company). Some arts administrators involved with managing these performing arts organisations were interviewed in-depth, and relevant documents, regulations and policies in the arts field were also analysed to lay a foundation for comprehending the operation and management of performing arts organisations in both countries, at a time of change. Findings indicate that globalisation and particularly economic changes are major pressures that are pushing arts organisations to adapt. Furthermore, in the context of the knowledge economy, credentials have become increasingly important for arts leaders to obtain their positions, while in order to be successful in their positions, practical experience, innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset proved to be even more essential. It is suggested that some pertinent arts management training courses in Australia could, if adapted, contribute to enhancing arts management and the entertainment industry in Vietnam, as well as providing mutual benefit to both Vietnam and Australia.

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Shibish, Lori-Ann. "The evolution of joint management in Western Australia parks and the indigenous tourism nexus." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1694.

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Since the early 2000s, park management approaches to protected area governance have undergone a significant transformation, driven by the realisation that long-term conservation outcomes depend on participation in decision-making by stakeholders. To meet these challenges one of the measures being adopted by park managers is to engage in joint management arrangements. Recent changes to the conservation legislation in Western Australia provides the capacity for the Department of Parks and Wildlife (Parks and Wildlife) to enter into joint management arrangements with Aboriginal traditional owners and others for the management of protected areas, regardless of the land vesting or tenure. Joint management activities provide both formal and informal opportunities for mentoring, skills building, resource sharing, and knowledge mobilisation. Aboriginal traditional owners, through native title settlements, are regaining rights and control over land and resources. Successful native title claims have the potential to contribute to the advancement of social and economic wellbeing of Aboriginal communities. One compatible type of economic development occurring in parks is sustainable tourism - specifically ecotourism and cultural tourism. It is argued that tourism can assist in achieving conservation goals, as the need for ecological sustainability and biological conservation becomes greater due to habitat loss, population increases, hunting wildlife and poverty. Some specialists advocate for the resource management process to fully integrate tourism, since the base of the parks-tourism partnership is resource sustainability. This qualitative study used multi-method triangulation (participant observation, interviews, document analysis, case study) with the intent of identifying the place of Aboriginal tourism development within the shared governance structure of joint management. The research highlighted successful Aboriginal tourism development outcomes brought about through the capacity building that occurs within strong working relationships, forged over many years between Parks and Wildlife staff and local Aboriginal communities. One important research finding is the emergence of a parks - tourism – Aboriginal people – joint management nexus, as revealed by those directly involved in joint management strongly viewing Aboriginal tourism development as an important outcome. However, the research found that government, tourism professionals and the public had difficulty in understanding the concept of joint management and its value in facilitating Aboriginal tourism. Evidence of the disconnect is seen in the government’s failure to provide adequate funding for these activities and highlights an opportunity for educating the tourism industry and government about joint management’s potential to assist with Aboriginal tourism development. The State Government could do more to support the important component of capacity building facilitated through joint management, which fosters cross-cultural awareness, skill enhancement, and economic and social development amongst the stakeholders. An equally important finding is the ability of the Conservation and Land Management Regulations 2002 to provide a mechanism for Aboriginal joint management partners to adequately manage visitors and tour operators on their lands, as Aboriginal communities currently have very limited powers to regulate access. Joint management provides a vehicle to achieve sustainable benefits for conservation, communities and country including supporting Aboriginal tourism development. Therefore it is paramount that joint management partners are cognitive of the important role of tourism when they undertake the task of preparing management plans for protected areas, and Governments provide adequate funding to sustain joint management activities.

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Vroombout, Lynn. "Striking a balance between formalism and expression in visual arts practice and visual arts education." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/859.

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This creative arts project is an exploration of the benefits of an approach to visual arts education that balances the need for both formal (i.e. visual arts language, knowledge of skills, techniques and processes) and expressive content. As an artist, my tendency to focus on formal concerns can override the effective of expressive content of my artworks. I recognize the potential for my artwork to become static when the expressive elements are given insufficient consideration. Whilst acknowledging the importance of formal content an increasing awareness of the value of expression in artwork has led to a philosophical re-evaluation. This in turn has impacted upon my teaching practices as a balance between formalist and expressive approaches is pursued. This creative arts project followed an action research process where I explored ways of incorporating increasingly expressive elements in my artwork. I identified and documented evidence of change. A series of visual diaries that recorded the development of ideas accompanied the creative project, as does an exegesis. Through the research I explored whether it was possible to resolve the inherent tension between formalism and expressionism in both visual arts practice (my art work) and visual arts education (my work as an art teacher). I believe the Western Australian Curriculum Framework has sufficient scope to address the need for both formalism and expression in visual arts education. This Creative Arts Project was predicated on the belief that although The Arts Outcomes made provision for the exploration of both formal and expressive concerns, in practice the focus was on form and the production of outwardly “successful” art works. Through the research project I aimed to strike a balance where the two components of art production lent their strength to each other. This was evidenced by student achievement and increased expressive content within my own artwork.

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Ellsmore, Donald. "Nineteenth-century painted decorations in Britain and Australia : an approach to conservation." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2525/.

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au, r. mccarron@ecu edu, and Robyn McCarron. "Performing arts in regional communities: The case of Bunbury, Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050501.153348.

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Abstract In Australia during the 1990s increased attention was paid to regional, rural and remote communities and, in terms of arts and culture, the establishment of regional arts umbrella organisations, at both national and state levels, stimulated interest in, and development of, the arts in those communities. Discourses around the notion of the civil society and the ways in which social and cultural capital can be acquired and transferred, have led to renewed interest in the economic and social functions of the voluntary, not-for-profit sector of Australian society. This thesis aims to advance the critical study of regional cultural development. It examines the role and function of the performing arts within regional communities through a case study of the city of Bunbury, Western Australia. Regional performing arts are often trivialised or marginalised by metropolitan practitioners, critics and academics, particularly as they are almost entirely, in Australia, a volunteer/amateur pursuit. However volunteer performing arts groups provide physical and social spaces that encourage networks of civil engagement that have implications for the functioning of the broader community; and, in the case of Bunbury, a degree of independence from the bureaucratic requirements of arts funding bodies. The thesis proposes that volunteer, not-for-profit (amateur) theatre has a stronger claim on the title community theatre than the state-funded community theatre movement of the 1970s and 1980s. The thesis also examines the strong community affiliations that have been generated by the community-owned, professionally-managed Bunbury Regional Entertainment Centre. It situates this discussion in the context of the rapidly changing urban landscape in which the Entertainment Centre is placed and its affiliations with local, regional, state and national funding, networking and touring structures. It argues that considerable social and cultural capital is generated through the active involvement of citizens at many levels of the performing arts in a regional community such as Bunbury. Although for most, the involvement is voluntary and recreational, it also has direct economic outcomes in terms of the developing creative industries of the region. A major contribution of the thesis is the provision of a model for the function and impact of regional community performing arts as it theorises the tensions between governmental (funding) models and self-generated regional arts practices through case study and detailed analysis. In doing so the thesis contributes to key debates in two significant ways, firstly by providing an important historical/cultural document and secondly, by highlighting new ways of thinking and speaking about the role of the performing arts in regional communities.

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McCarron, Robyn Janelle. "Performing arts and regional communities : the case of Bunbury, Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050501.153348.

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McCarron, Robyn. "Performing arts in regional communities: the case of Bunbury, Western Australia." Thesis, McCarron, Robyn (2004) Performing arts in regional communities: the case of Bunbury, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/191/.

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In Australia during the 1990s increased attention was paid to regional, rural and remote communities and, in terms of arts and culture, the establishment of regional arts umbrella organisations, at both national and state levels, stimulated interest in, and development of, the arts in those communities. Discourses around the notion of the civil society and the ways in which social and cultural capital can be acquired and transferred, have led to renewed interest in the economic and social functions of the voluntary, not-for-profit sector of Australian society. This thesis aims to advance the critical study of regional cultural development. It examines the role and function of the performing arts within regional communities through a case study of the city of Bunbury, Western Australia. Regional performing arts are often trivialised or marginalised by metropolitan practitioners, critics and academics, particularly as they are almost entirely, in Australia, a volunteer/amateur pursuit. However volunteer performing arts groups provide physical and social spaces that encourage networks of civil engagement that have implications for the functioning of the broader community; and, in the case of Bunbury, a degree of independence from the bureaucratic requirements of arts funding bodies. The thesis proposes that volunteer, not-for-profit (amateur) theatre has a stronger claim on the title 'community theatre' than the state-funded community theatre movement of the 1970s and 1980s. The thesis also examines the strong community affiliations that have been generated by the community-owned, professionally-managed Bunbury Regional Entertainment Centre. It situates this discussion in the context of the rapidly changing urban landscape in which the Entertainment Centre is placed and its affiliations with local, regional, state and national funding, networking and touring structures. It argues that considerable social and cultural capital is generated through the active involvement of citizens at many levels of the performing arts in a regional community such as Bunbury. Although for most, the involvement is voluntary and recreational, it also has direct economic outcomes in terms of the developing creative industries of the region. A major contribution of the thesis is the provision of a model for the function and impact of regional community performing arts as it theorises the tensions between governmental (funding) models and self-generated regional arts practices through case study and detailed analysis. In doing so the thesis contributes to key debates in two significant ways, firstly by providing an important historical/cultural document and secondly, by highlighting new ways of thinking and speaking about the role of the performing arts in regional communities.

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43

McCarron, Robyn. "Performing arts in regional communities: the case of Bunbury, Western Australia." McCarron, Robyn (2004) Performing arts in regional communities: the case of Bunbury, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/191/.

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In Australia during the 1990s increased attention was paid to regional, rural and remote communities and, in terms of arts and culture, the establishment of regional arts umbrella organisations, at both national and state levels, stimulated interest in, and development of, the arts in those communities. Discourses around the notion of the civil society and the ways in which social and cultural capital can be acquired and transferred, have led to renewed interest in the economic and social functions of the voluntary, not-for-profit sector of Australian society. This thesis aims to advance the critical study of regional cultural development. It examines the role and function of the performing arts within regional communities through a case study of the city of Bunbury, Western Australia. Regional performing arts are often trivialised or marginalised by metropolitan practitioners, critics and academics, particularly as they are almost entirely, in Australia, a volunteer/amateur pursuit. However volunteer performing arts groups provide physical and social spaces that encourage networks of civil engagement that have implications for the functioning of the broader community; and, in the case of Bunbury, a degree of independence from the bureaucratic requirements of arts funding bodies. The thesis proposes that volunteer, not-for-profit (amateur) theatre has a stronger claim on the title 'community theatre' than the state-funded community theatre movement of the 1970s and 1980s. The thesis also examines the strong community affiliations that have been generated by the community-owned, professionally-managed Bunbury Regional Entertainment Centre. It situates this discussion in the context of the rapidly changing urban landscape in which the Entertainment Centre is placed and its affiliations with local, regional, state and national funding, networking and touring structures. It argues that considerable social and cultural capital is generated through the active involvement of citizens at many levels of the performing arts in a regional community such as Bunbury. Although for most, the involvement is voluntary and recreational, it also has direct economic outcomes in terms of the developing creative industries of the region. A major contribution of the thesis is the provision of a model for the function and impact of regional community performing arts as it theorises the tensions between governmental (funding) models and self-generated regional arts practices through case study and detailed analysis. In doing so the thesis contributes to key debates in two significant ways, firstly by providing an important historical/cultural document and secondly, by highlighting new ways of thinking and speaking about the role of the performing arts in regional communities.

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Young, Amanda M. "Several interpretations of the Blue Mountains : a juxtaposition of ideas over two hundred years /." View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030905.170842/index.html.

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Carroll, Jacqui. "Changing lanes : an exploration of the journey from dance through choreography to directing and the spoken word." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35821/1/35821_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Joern, Albert. "The repositioning of traditional martial arts in Republican China." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114301.

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In this thesis, I discuss how practitioners of martial arts in the Republican era of China were engaged in a process of reinventing what embodied the field of martial arts during a time when physical culture was treated as an instrument of nation-building in response to colonial discourses and the process of modernization. Martial arts were repositioned from being a loosely associated field of practice for people who engaged with a set of combative skills that focused on weapons training that championed archery and spear fighting, towards being a recreational activity with a formalized body of knowledge, skills and practices imbued with a Chinese sense of identity suitable for the modern class of urban and educated Chinese citizens. It is my belief that these efforts were a very important factor in why the practice of martial arts today is so closely associated with concepts of self-cultivation. This repositioning of Chinese martial arts was driven by a schism between the traditionalists who defended the beliefs and practices from the imperial age of China, and the modernists who saw the complete adoption of Western technologies and concepts as the only course for the modernization of China. Due to the shifting politics around education, understandings of the body and its representation in society, the efforts to preserve traditional practices were complicated through the dynamics related to identity and state power. The field of martial arts was criticized by reformists and modernists such as those involved with the New Culture Movement, who argued that China needed to embrace scientific notions of the Western nations and abandon "feudal superstitions." Within this context, the field of traditional Chinese martial arts was stigmatized by associations with the failed Boxer Rebellion, the diversity of practices and the secrecy that existed between different schools of practice. In response to the modernity movements that criticized the traditional systems of belief that martial artists drew upon to substantiate their systems of practice as a recreational pursuit, associations such as the Jingwu Tiyu Hui and the Zhongyang Guoshuguan were formed according to Western institutional models as part of the effort to unify and "modernize" Chinese martial arts. The teachers and administrators involved with these institutions wanted to preserve the practice of martial arts, and to accomplish this they had to develop new ways to systemize the training methods, essentially reinventing them by promoting them to a new generation of students in a format that had never existed before.
À travers cet essai, j'examine la façon dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux dans l'ère républicaine de la Chine étaient impliqués dans le but de réinventer ce qu'incarnait le domaine des arts martiaux à une époque où la culture physique était traitée comme un instrument de construction de la nation en réponse au discours colonial et au processus de modernisation. Les arts martiaux ont été repositionnés à partir d'un ensemble de personnes indirectement associés qui se livraient à un ensemble de combats et qui concentraient leurs compétences sur des entraînements aux armes encourageant le tir à l'arc et le combat à la lance, afin de devenir une activité de loisir avec un corps formalisé de connaissances, de compétences et de pratiques imprégnées avec une identité chinoise adapté à la classe moderne urbaine et de citoyens chinois éduquée. Ceci est ma conviction que ces efforts ont été un facteur très important dans la raison pour laquelle la pratique des arts martiaux aujourd'hui est si étroitement associée aux concepts de la culture de soi.Ce repositionnement des arts martiaux chinois fut motivé par le schisme entre les traditionalistes qui défendaient leurs croyances et leurs pratiques de l'époque impériale de la Chine, et les modernistes qui, eux, ont vu l'adoption complète de technologies et de concepts occidentaux comme le seul mouvement bénéfique à la modernisation de la Chine. En raison de la politique à travers l'éducation, la compréhension du corps et de sa représentation dans la société, les efforts visant à préserver les pratiques traditionnelles ont été compliquées par la dynamique liée à l'identité et le pouvoir de l'état. Le domaine des arts martiaux a été critiqué par les réformistes et les modernistes incluant ceux qui furent impliqués dans le « New Culture movement», qui a fait valoir que la Chine devait embrasser des notions scientifiques des pays occidentaux et abandonner leurs «superstitions féodales. » Dans ce contexte, le domaine des arts martiaux traditionnels a été stigmatisé par des liens avec la révolte des Boxers, la diversité des pratiques et la discrétion qui existait entre les différentes écoles de pratique.En réponse aux mouvements de modernité qui ont critiqué les systèmes de croyances traditionnels dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux ont fait appel à l'appui de leurs systèmes pour justifier leur pratique comme une forme de loisir, des associations telles que les Jingwu Tiyu Hui et le Zhongyang Guoshuguan ont été formés selon les modèles occidentaux institutionnels dans le but d'unifier et de , en quelque sorte , moderniser les arts martiaux chinois. Les enseignants et les administrateurs concernés par ces institutions voulaient préserver la pratique des arts martiaux, et pour ce faire ils ont dû développer des nouvelles façons de systématiser les méthodes de formation, les réinventer en les promouvant à une nouvelle génération d'étudiants sous une forme qui n'avaient jamais existé auparavant.

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McDonald, Janine R. "Understanding sustainable tourism development from a complex systems perspective: A case study of the Swan River, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/82.

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Tourism does not operate in a predictable and mechanistic environment and is influenced by unpredictable circumstances. Influences include underlying values and perceptions keeping the system unpredictable and dynamic. Tourism that utilises natural resources is exposed to the additional unpredictability of natural changes and activities and/or decisions of other stakeholders. Tourism research generally adopts reductionist approaches and has not effectively understood tourism as a stakeholder within a complex system of stakeholders. Reductionist approaches have led to interpretations of sustainable tourism development being highly focused and sector specific limiting understanding of the complex systems in which tourism operates and resulting in narrow perspectives. To understand underlying elements influencing the system, a new paradigm is required.

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Baume, Georges Jean Roger. "Tourism and hospitality management education in Australia : development of a conceptual framework and model for the 21st century." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb3471.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 305-335. Investigates the rapid expansion, growth, and perceived quality and viability of tourism and hospitality management education. Argues that there are doubts as to whether tourism and hospitality management education is changing according to the needs of industry and the requirements of future managers. An analysis of tourism and hospitality programs in Australian colleges and universities is conducted. Results from the analysis support the proposition for a change of direction in graduate tourism and hospitality management education, and demonstrate a general agreement in terms of content and structure.

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Waayers, David. "A Holistic Approach to Planning for Wildlife Tourism: A Case Study of Marine Turtle Tourism and Conservation in the Ningaloo Region, Western Australia." Thesis, Waayers, David (2010) A Holistic Approach to Planning for Wildlife Tourism: A Case Study of Marine Turtle Tourism and Conservation in the Ningaloo Region, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/2965/.

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This thesis explored the practical issues of sustainable wildlife tourism by examining three fundamental aspects: stakeholder collaboration; the importance of collecting baseline data to inform decisions; and detecting tourism-related impacts on wildlife. These aspects were explored in detail through a case study of turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region in Western Australia and the development of the Ningaloo Turtle Program. Four interrelated studies were undertaken in the Ningaloo region to quantify the nature and extent of collaborative relationships amongst stakeholders, visitor-use and characteristics of turtle watchers, distribution and abundance of nesting female marine turtles and impacts on turtles from human-turtle interactions. The first study explored the collaboration of stakeholders through action research and by examining workshop dialogue and interactions between interest groups. The key findings from this study were that the selection and number of participating stakeholders within a stakeholder group were vital in collaboration. This study suggests there is often a trade-off between having too many representatives from each interest group and generating positive collaborative outcomes. This study showed that one representative from twelve interest groups was sufficient for generating a collaborative approach. The participants represented several key interest groups including four government representatives (Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC), Australian Defence Force, Fisheries WA and the Shire of Exmouth), two tourism industry representatives (Tourism WA and private tour operators), five non-government organisation representatives (World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), Cape Conservation Group (CCG), Murdoch University, Pastoral Land Group, the Biayungu Aboriginal Cooperation (BAC)), and one stakeholder representing local residents/volunteers. The study also found that the preparation of an engagement strategy, that outlines stakeholder responsibilities and commitments and the employment of a convenor to facilitate workshops are important factors in initiating the collaborative process. The continuation of this process is dependent on long-term coordination by a professional consultant, who has the capacity to drive the planning processes and apply for funding, stakeholder’s commitment to the process and their capacity to transform collaboration into an ongoing learning process. The second study investigated marine turtle female nesting populations in the Ningaloo region. The study showed that the peak nesting season for all species in the Ningaloo Marine Park is between November and March. Based on a series on turtle population modelling calculations, the total female turtle population in the Ningaloo Marine Park (including Muiron Islands) was estimated to be up to 58,000 individuals. The predominant species of turtle nesting in the region are green turtles (< 35,000 female turtles), loggerhead turtles (< 20,000 female turtles) and hawksbill turtles (< 3,000 female turtles). These estimates for green turtles suggest that the Ningaloo nesting population makes up about a third of the North West Shelf Management Unit and the loggerhead turtle population was estimated to be one of the largest rookeries in Western Australia. However, hawksbill turtles nest occasionally on the Northwest Cape. This study also showed that green turtles predominantly nest in the northern parts of the Ningaloo coast, including the Jurabi Coastal Park where turtle watching occurs, whereas loggerhead turtles are more likely to be found in the southern areas. There are often large fluctuations in the annual nesting activity of turtles, particularly green turtles, primarily due to the inherent variation in their life cycle. This variation in nesting activity can have implications for the development and operations of turtle tourism. The third study identified key management areas for turtle tourism by comparing the spatial distribution of tourists and turtle tracks in the Ningaloo Marine Park. Management areas were then examined closely at a local-level. On-site studies included a visitor questionnaire to understand tourist characteristics, an on-ground track count survey to monitor turtle nesting activity and a tourist-turtle interaction behaviour study to quantify disturbances associated with tourist-turtle interactions. The visitor questionnaire showed that the majority of independent turtle watchers were novice international tourists with little experience or knowledge of interacting with turtles. The fourth study, which investigated the interactions between visitors and turtles, showed that a third of encounters resulted in a disturbance. These results are considerably higher than disturbances recorded at other locations where turtle tourism occurs. The interaction study showed that almost all disturbances stemmed from non-compliant behaviour of turtle watchers, particularly torch-use and closeness to turtles. These results indicate that despite visitors’ knowledge of the code of conduct, two thirds of groups continue to breach the code, emphasising the need for developing guided tours and better interpretation for turtle tourism. The development of the Jurabi Turtle Centre, which was built after the data in this thesis was collected, has provided, not only a focal point for turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region, but a facility for guiding and educating turtle watchers. The knowledge gained from these studies was used to develop a planning model (the Wildlife Tourism Optimisation Management Model (WTOMM), which was specifically designed for non-consumptive wildlife orientated recreation. This model was based on the structure of the Tourism Optimisation Management Model (TOMM) and concepts of Adaptive Management. WTOMM provides a framework for avoiding the inherent problems associated with developing and implementing sustainable turtle tourism. This model could also provide the foundation for managing other wildlife tourism situations.

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Catlin, James. "Development and change in the whale shark tourism industry at Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2367.

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Popular demand for tourism experiences in the natural environment, and in particular for human-wildlife interactions, is increasing. Whale shark tourism at Ningaloo Marine Park on the North West Cape of Western Australia is one such wildlife interaction activity that has grown in popularity in recent years. From the late 1980s, when it was a little known specialist activity in a remote location, whale shark tourism has grown into an iconic tourism industry that now attracts up to 10,000 tourists seasonally. The research conducted for this thesis examined various aspects of the industry with a particular focus on the changes that have taken place over the course of the industry‘s development.To achieve this objective, data was primarily gathered through a series of participant questionnaires administered over several whale shark seasons. This information was integrated with content analyses of official documentation, tour operator feedback, and field observations. This elicited a rounded perspective of the industry which was contextualised using a theoretical framework for non-consumptive wildlife tourism devised by Duffus and DeardenThe growth in this tourism industry has been accompanied, over a relatively short period, by a shift in the nature of the participants. Originally specialist wildlife and nature based tourists exclusively focused on the opportunity to swim with whale sharks partook in the tours. Now a much wider cross section, sourced from the general tourist population in the region, wish to swim with the whale sharks. This shift in specialisation was also found to have decreased the amount expended in the region per capita. The specialised tourists, who originally dominated the industry, were significantly higher spenders; so much so that, despite the large increase in participant numbers, the total amount expended in the region by whale shark tourists has remained essentially unchanged.In addition to this focus on specialisation and expenditure other issues related to the implications of change in this industry over time were investigated. The main means by which tourists found out about the industry were informal marketing mechanisms such as word of mouth despite the industry being established for over a decade. Furthermore, even in such a remote tourism region, the major constraint on participating in whale shark tours remained financial.Finally changes in the licence conditions for operating the tours over time were researched through content analyses of the State government‘s expression of interest processes and responses from tour operators. This approach highlighted both the increasing regulatory demands and the commercial pressures experienced by the tour operators. This suggested that there is a delicate balance between the environmental and economic dimensions of regulation.Overall the insights gathered from the research revealed the consistently dynamic nature of this tourism system. The results also permitted some development and expansion of the wildlife tourism theory developed by Duffus and Dearden while in turn highlighting the usefulness of this framework in assisting in the management and planning of wildlife tourism industries.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism and the arts Australia'

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