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Journal articles on the topic 'Total Upstream Nigeria'
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1
Suleiman, Moses, and Joshua Nadiyasu. "IMPACT OF COST REDUCTION TECHNIQUES ON BUSINESS STAKEHOLDERS IN THE NIGERIAN UPSTREAM HYDROCARBON SECTOR." International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques 7, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijirsssmt.v7.i1.17.
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In the recent past, the oil and gas upstream sector was faced with challenges of fall in revenue due to fall in crude oil prices and the continuous increase in costs of finding and lifting oil. The expectations of business stakeholders are high on the operators. The research was designed to examine Impact of cost reduction techniques on business stakeholders in the Nigerian upstream hydrocarbon sector. The objectives of the research were achieved using a quantitative method. A survey was conducted on 7 randomly sampled oil service companies in the Nigerian upstream sector: A total of 70 questionnaires were sent by mail to the responded and 60 responded representing 86% response rate. The responses elicited were analysed using Chi-Square test method of data analysis. The study revealed that there was no statistical evidence that cost reduction measures used by oil and gas companies operating in the Nigeria upstream sector has any significant impact on business stakeholders.
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Polet, Gert. "Waterfowl and flood extent in the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands of north-east Nigeria." Bird Conservation International 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000186.
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The Hadejia-Nguru wetlands in north-east Nigeria are of international importance for resident and migratory Anatidae but the construction of large dams upstream seriously threatens their continued existence. An analysis of waterfowl census data collected over the period 1988 to 1998 inclusive demonstrated that the extent of flooding had no effect on the species richness of waterfowl but had a significant impact on total numbers. White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata and Garganey Anas querquedula in particular respond to changes in flood extent. The present practice of releasing water from upstream reservoirs should therefore be continued.
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Oghojafor, Ben E. Akpoyomare, and Samuel Emeka Mbah. "Influence of HR Practices on Autonomy and Control in Selected Upstream Multinational Oil Companies in Nigeria." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2517.
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This study addressed the complexities in decision-making on personnel policies and practices in the Multinational companies. The purpose was to examine the influence of human resource practices on outcome of autonomy and control in the selected Upstream Multinational oil companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a field survey research method with validated and tested reliable instruments, the questionnaire and the interview. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability test of all variables indicated (.876) above the recommended (0.7) cut off point of high reliability statistics. A Random Sampling Technique was adopted for selection of 5 (25.4%) of 22 companies in the Upstream Multinational oil sector as sample population while a total of 300 randomly selected research subjects represented respondents of the present study. The Chi-Square (X2) Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and the Regression Analysis were statistical tools used with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to test hypotheses. Findings revealed among others that influence of staff resourcing is more on outcome of autonomy and control in the subsidiaries; that when the influence of staff resourcing increases or is extensively established at the headquarters, it’s influence on outcome of autonomy and control also increases in the subsidiaries; that there is a significant direct relationship between outcome of autonomy and control and HR practice(s) which implies that when autonomy increases as a result of a corresponding increase in extensively established HR practice(s), employees gain more satisfaction on the job whereas, when control increases as a result of a corresponding increase in control strategies in HR practices, employees gain less satisfaction on the job. It was however concluded among others that a new policy redirection that is people- oriented be adopted to ensure more employee autonomy and less control in the Upstream MNC subsidiaries in Nigeria. Key Words: Influence, Autonomy, Control, Human Resource Practices, Upstream Multinational, Strategic International Human Resource Management, Nigeria.
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Ikhuoriah, S. O., and C. G. Oronsaye. "Assessment of physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo – a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.30.
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Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo- a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria was carried out from April 2012 to December 2012. Three stations were studied from upstream to downstream with a distance of about 2 kilometres between each station. A total of twenty-two (22) physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals were studied. Air temperature ranged from the mean 27.01 to 29.57°C, water temperature 25.87 to 27.56°C, depth 1.32 to 1.705m, flow velocity 0.08 to 0.13m/s, transparency 1.01 to 1.30m, pH 5.76 to 6.01, electrical conductivity 62.03 to 70.11μS/cm, turbidity 3.97 to 4.39 NTU, total suspended solid 5.01 to 5.80mg/l, total solid 38.82 to 42.11mg/l, total dissolve solid 29.60 to 33.84mg/l, DO 7.12 to 7.54mg/l, BOD5 1.51 to 2.60mg/l, alkalinity 48.63 to 53.28mg/l, the cations (sodium 1.35 to 1.43mg/l, potassium 0.25 to 0.26mg/l, calcium 0.92 to 1.00mg/l, magnesium 0.44 to 0.52mg/l), chloride 26.44 to 36.39mg/l, and the nutrient components (phosphorus 0.25 to 0.33mg/l, nitrate 0.16 to 0.20 mg/l, sulphate 0.88 to 0.94mg/l). Heavy metals level were generally low ranging from 0.05 to 2.61mg/l (cadmium 0.05 to 0.51mg/l, lead 0.06 to 0.09mg/l, zinc 0.11 to 0.12mg/l, copper 0.39 to 0.41mg/l, iron 2.00 to 2.61mg/l. Mean across stations were compared using Analysis of Variance and only three characteristics namely, air temperature, water temperature and flow velocity were significant. In station 1 (upstream), air temperature and water temperature were significantly higher than other 2 stations (downstream) while the flow velocity was significantly faster in station 3 than both upstream and midstream stations. A marked seasonal significant faster flow velocity was recorded in the wet than in the dry season. Furthermore, a significant (P < 0.05) pattern of seasonal variation was observed in seven (7) characteristics, total solids, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate. Anthropogenic activities had negatively impacted on station 2 of the river, although the recorded values were still within acceptable limits.Keywords: Physicochemical, Characteristics, Ossiomo River, Assessment, Heavy metals, Ologbo
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Olaitan, Oluseyi F., Nick J. Hubbard, and Colin G. Bamford. "The potential for the participation of Nigeria in global horticulture value chains." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2017-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers inhibiting horticulture product export from Nigeria, particularly to the UK, and identify those requiring resolution if global horticulture value chains (GHVCs) are to contribute to economic growth in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A single-case (embedded) research design was adopted. In total, 26 participants from five stakeholder groups (namely, farmers, exporters, air freight forwarders, aviation operators and government institutions) were selected for investigation to examine the research problem. Findings The empirical investigation showed that: the existing institutional framework, infrastructure and logistics issues, market penetration issues, stakeholders’ incompetence, food safety and quality issues, high transaction costs, operational challenges of exporting, neglect of agriculture and the existing airline market structure are prominent barriers that require resolution if horticultural product exports are to increase. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on the analysis of five key stakeholder groups upstream in the supply chain. Further investigation should include stakeholders downstream (importers, wholesalers and retailers). Originality/value The specific case study of horticultural product export from Nigeria offers empirically rich insights into the barriers hindering the participation of Nigeria in GHVCs.
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Augustine A. Unimke, Abiye A. Ibiene, and Phillip O. Okerentugba. "Iko River estuary: Oil exploration and the microbial community shift." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0509.
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The continuous input of petroleum-based and other industrial pollutants along with heightened navigational activities in the inland and coastal waters of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has contributed tremendously towards petroleum pollution of the aquatic environment. Standard analytical methods were employed in sample collection and analysis. The results showed the mean values of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria [THB] for tidal water 1.44±0.20 (x107), 1.42±0.62 (x107)and 1.82±0.61 (x107)for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively, while the mean values for CUB 1.06±0.12 (x106), 1.30±0.54 (x106) and 1.28±0.46 (x106) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. Similarly, the mean values for Total Fungi (TF) and Crude oil-Utilizing Fungi (CUF) were 1.08±0.12 (x106), 1.12±0.21 (x106), 1.18±0.20 (x106) and 8.2±0.78 (x104), 9.2±0.20 (x104), 8.8±0.26 (x104) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. For intertidal water, the mean values obtained for upstream, midstream and downstream were 1.24±0.82 (x107), 1.77±0.57 (x107) and 1.40±0.32 (x107) for THB, 1.08±0.92 (x106), 1.08±0.22 (x106) and1.13±0.21 (x106) for CUB, 1.00±0.60 (x107), 1.26±0.30 (x106) and 1.11±0.18 (x106) for Total fungi [TF] and 7.2±0.81 (x104), 9.6±0.4 (x104), 9.0±0.27 (x104) for CUF). While the values for benthic sediment were 1.55±0.38 (x108), 1.68±0.32 (x108), 2.24±0.34 (x108) for THB, 1.14±0.32 (x107), 1.24±0.88 (x107), 1.48±0.90 (x107) for CUB, 1.12±0.31 (x107), 1.20±0.52 (x107), 1.40±0.16 (x107) for TF and 8.2±0.12 (x105), 6.2±0.43 (x105), 1.01±0.12 (x106) for CUF. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the mean values of each physicochemical parameter across the different microhabitats and stations. This result revealed the massive impacts of anthropogenic gradients on the biology and physicochemistry of Iko River estuary.
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Odewale, Stephen Ayodele, Jacob Ademola Sonibare, and Lukuman Adekilekun Jimoda. "Electricity sector’s contribution to greenhouse gas concentration in Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2016-0048.
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Purpose Recent developments in the electricity generation sector of Nigeria necessitated the re-assessment of its contribution to air emission level in the country as information provided by previous inventory is nearly out-of-date. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated from existing thermal power plants in the country. Design/methodology/approach Thermal power plants in Nigeria and their installed capacities were identified, and estimation of CO2 emission from each of the plants was carried out using the emission factor method. In addition to the direct emissions generated through the combustion operation of the power plants, indirect emissions resulting from upstream activities such as extraction, production, and transportation of fuels consumed by the thermal power plant was determined using the same method. Findings In total, 40 thermal power plants are currently operational in Nigeria. Additional 18 thermal plants are at different stages of completion. The operational thermal plants have average generation output of 40 percent of their installed capacity and produce 87.3 million metric tonne (mmt)/annum CO2 emissions. In total, 66.9 percent of the estimated emissions are direct emissions, i.e. fuel combustion emissions; the rest are indirect emissions. Additional 67.9 mmt was estimated as expected overall emissions from the thermal power plants under construction. Considering the global warming potential of CO2, proactive measures must be taken to regulate its emissions from the country’s thermal power plants. Originality/value This paper bridged the information gap existing in the emission inventory from the Nigeria electricity sector by providing up-to-date data on the contribution of the sector to greenhouse gas emission level in the country.
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Moruff, Adelakun Kehinde, Mu’azu Mohammed Mu’azu, Amali Rosemary Patric, and Omotayo Olabode Lawrence. "Diversity of Phytoplankton Communities in a Tropical River Basin, Nigeria." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 19 (July 26, 2016): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v19i0.15353.
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Biological assessment is a useful alternative for understanding the ecological quality of aquatic ecosystems because biological communities integrate the environmental effects of water. This work investigates the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in the Upper Jebba Basin of the Niger River in Nigeria. We sampled phytoplanktons by dragging plankton nets at three stations from March to May 2015 for qualitative and quantitative samples. Qualitative plankton samples were collected by towing 55μm mesh hydrobios plankton nets just below the water surface for five minutes at each sampling station. Quantitative samples, on the other hand, were collected by filtering 100 litres of water fetched with a bucket through a 55μm mesh hydrobios net. Both samples were preserved separately in a 4% buffered formalin solution. A total of 3160 cells/ml of phytoplanktons from taxa were identified in the study. High dominance of Oscillatoria sp., Microcystis sp., Chlorella sp., Pediastrum sp. and Synendra indicate that this lake has high amount of organic waste, polluted predominantly by upstream concerns (i.e., mining, agricultural, and domestic) and should be monitored strictly by relevant agencies in order to additional reduced health hazards caused by these pollutants.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 52-56
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Joshua, Nwinyimagu Amaechi, Nwonumara Godwin Nkwuda, Ani Chijioke, and Ukeje Ikechukwu Ogeze. "Evaluation and Management of the Physicochemical Variables of Asu River, Southeast, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 10, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p54.
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Asu River is one of the major tributaries of Cross River, a tropical reforest river in southeast Nigeria. The climate of the region is divided into the wet and dry seasons. Human activities such as fishing, bathing and washing go on in the river especially during the dry season. Farming also takes place at the fringes of the river. Some important physicochemical parameters of the river were investigated at two designated sites comprising the downstream and the upstream for nine (9) months, from October, 2013 to June, 2014. Temperature, carbon (iv) oxide, conductivity, total dissolved solids, nitrate and phosphate recorded maximum values during the dry season while dissolved oxygen and pH recorded maximum values in the wet season. The physicochemical variables evaluated showed that the river is not in a critical condition as most of the variables recorded are within the WHO permissible limit. However, the paper therefore recommends the need for public enlightenment on environmental management and control of household and industrial wastes in order to sustain the usefulness of Asu River.
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Akporido, Samuel Omorovie. "Quality characteristics of effluent receiving waters of Benin River adjacent to a lubricating oil producing factory, Nigeria." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 1&2 (June 16, 2013): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141202.
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Untreated (or partially treated) effluents are capable of polluting a receiving water body. An environmental audit of the Benin river adjacent to a lubricating oil producing factory was carried out. Dry and rainy seasons effluent and water samples were collected for two years (water samples from seven sampling stations i.e. two upstream and five downstream). Physicochemical variables (including oil variables) were analyzed by standard methods and toxic metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Important results include Oil and Grease (2270±480 µgl-1), total petroleum hydrocarbon (2010±340 µgl-1), Pb (146±55 µgl-1), Ni (1880±630 µgl-1) and pH (6.02±0.09). Some of these variables and metals exceeded guidelines values for drinking water quality. Water is polluted and needs to be rigorously treated before use for drinking purpose.
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Eze, C., G. Emujakporue, and DC Okujagu. "3D Petrophysical Modelling Of Queen Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 11 (January 11, 2021): 1941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i11.14.
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Petrophysical-Modelling is indispensable in upstream Projects, considering the high cost, risks and uncertainties associated with this sector. Petrophysical qualities for Queen Field was modeled using Information obtained and analyzed from well-logs and 3-D Seismic data. Coarse-grain, Medium- grain and fine-grain Sands as well as Shale were all delineated by GR log. Results of petrophysical evaluation conducted on seven reservoir intervals correlated across the field showed that; Shale volume was below 35%, Total Porosity are > 20% Effective Porosity are >15% Permeability is > 380.00mD all of this conforms to excellent reservoir quantity. Seismic interpretation showed the presence of synthetic and antithetic faults. Two horizons were mapped on seismic data and utilized for modeling. These models were the framework for facies and petrophysical properties distribution. Facies models were generated using sequential indicator simulation while petrophysical properties were generated using sequential gaussian simulation algorithm. A comparison was further done between facies constrained and non-facies constrained models. It was found that for Porosity, Permeability, Water of Saturation and Shale Volume Models not constrained to facies all showed overestimated Models, in addition Stochastic STOIIP not constrained to facies gave an Over Estimated P50 value for Surface I and O Reservoir Interval as 624.028M, 76.28MM, when compared to Stochastic Hydrocarbon STOIIP when constrained to facies that showed Stochastic P50 value of 513,247 and 67.04MM for surface I and O and Deterministic STOIIP of 742.90M and 87.88MM. This study validates the practice of constraining Petrophysical model to facies available on the field as the best practice.
Keywords: Queen Field, Onshore, Niger Delta, 3D Petrophysical.
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I. Seiyaboh, Enetimi, and Tariwari C.N Angaye. "The Environmental Impact of Etelebou Flow Station In Surface Water of Gbarain, Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Journal of Plant and Animal Ecology 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2637-6075.jpae-18-2336.
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Environmental impact of anthropogenic activities from industrial sources, have become a threat to biodiversity. Water samples were collected from rivers around the flow station, and analysed from some physicochemical parameters and hydrocarbon contents. Result of the physicochemistry was reported for: pH (6.58± 0.04 - 6.76±0.01), conductivity (168.30±13.98 - 194.57±3.78 µS/cm), conductivity 8.29±0.04 - 10.66±0.02 NTU, salinity (0.07±0.00 - 0.09± 0.00 mg/l), and Total Solids (83.96±1.49 - 103.66±0.60mg/l). Other elemental analysis includes: sulphates (2.43±0.01 - 4.28 ±0.02 mg/l), nitrates (0.19±0.01 - 0.28±0.01 mg/l), carbonates (1.14±0.07 - 2.06±0.07 mg/l), calcium (8.45±0.10 - 11.70±0.25 mg/l), magnesium (1.14±0.07 - 2.56±0.03 mg/l), and sodium (4.37±0.15 - 5.62±0.03 mg/l). The values of THC and TPH were 0.92±0.08 - 1.51±0.03, and 0.37±0.13 - 0.76±0.07 mg/l respectively. Generally, the result indicated mild level of contamination in terms of Hydrocarbon contents. However, diagnostic data emerging for physicochemistry and some elemental property indicates the water is unfit for consumption. Notwithstanding, the order on contamination were reported as; downstream > midstream > upstream. Therefore this study concludes that there should be frequent monitoring of the recipient water bodies associated with the flow station in order to check anthropogenic activities, and conserve biodiversity.
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Osuji, S. O., and B. U. Anyata. "Susceptibility of Clay Core to Cracks in Rockfill Dams by Finite Element Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.35.
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The behaviour of the core of rockfill dam with slanting clay core was investigated with the Jebba main dam, Nigeria as a case study. The stress-deformation behavior of the dam was studied using the finite element mathematical modeling technique. The actual fill properties were utilized and two loading scenarios-no water and full reservoir operations-were investigated. At full reservoir, the actual seepage line, as recorded over the years was used. The linear total stress analysis using the finite element method of analysis was employed to analyze the dam section. Following the finite element mathematical modeling and computer simulations of the models, deformations and stresses distributions were determined. The results showed that the observed longitudinal cracks at the Jebba main dam crest are as a result of potential cracks in the dam core section. The cracks observed at the crest, from analysis, commenced from the dam’s core upstream face, downstream face and core crest. This may have resulted from probable hydraulic fracturing and tensile stresses developments in these regions. The results also showed likely loss of integrity of core due to cracks. However, total collapse may not be experienced but dam performance may be impaired and alarming visible cracks may not be ruled out over time.
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Aminu, Muslim B. "Geophysical investigation of the Orle River fracture system in Igarra Township, southwestern Nigeria." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.1.
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The subsurface structure and propagation geometry of the fracture system controlling the Orle River Channel in the Igarra Township, Southwestern Nigeria, have been investigated via a multi-method geophysical survey. The goal was to delineate the nature, distribution, and spatial propagation geometry of the fracture system and evaluate its potential to serve as storage and distribution features for groundwater within adjoining areas. 2D electrical resistivity, total field magnetic, and co-planar loop conductivity measurements were collected along four traverses using an ABEM1000 Terrameter unit, a GEMS Magnetometer, and an EM34 Co-planar loop electromagnetic system. Traverses were established to run across and parallel to the river channel. The observed electrical resistivity field data were inverted for subsurface 2D resistivity structure using a commercially available 2.5D finite element modelling inversion software. Magnetic field intensity data and ground conductivity data were presented against station positions. Three subsurface layers were delineated at the survey site; (1) surficial humus-rich and wet top-soil, (2) a thin poorly developed weathering layer, and (3) the fresh bedrock which occurs as relatively shallow levels and often outcrops. The River channel is controlled by multiple fractures usually located at or near the contracts between contrasting rock types. Fracture dip is usually in the northerly direction but conjugates, dipping southwards also occur in the most northerly extremes of the imaged fracture system. Upstream the fracture path is wider and along with the imaged overburden, isjuxtaposed northwards of the channel axis suggesting a much broader river channel in the geologic past. Low aperture fractures imaged tangential to channel axis likely serve to funnel surface and groundwater from the channels to the surrounding areas. Where such low aperture fractures can be delineated, they offer the best chances of groundwater abstraction within adjoining areas, particularly during the dry season.
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Adegun, Olubunmi, Olalekan Ajayi, Gbolahan Badru, and Shakirudeen Odunuga. "Water, energy and agricultural landuse trends at Shiroro hydropower station and environs." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 376 (February 1, 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-35-2018.
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Abstract. The study examines the interplay among water resources, hydropower generation and agricultural landuse at the Shiroro hydropower station and its environs, in north-central Nigeria. Non-parametric trend analysis, hydropower footprint estimation, reservoir performance analysis, change detection analysis, and inferential statistics were combined to study the water-energy and food security nexus. Results of Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator for the period 1960 to 2013 showed a declining rainfall trend at Jos, around River Kaduna headwaters at −2.6 mm yr−1, while rainfall at Kaduna and Minna upstream and downstream of the reservoir respectively showed no trend. Estimates of hydropower footprint varied between 130.4 and 704.1 m3 GJ−1 between 1995 and 2013. Power generation reliability and resilience of the reservoir was 31.6 and 38.5 % respectively with year 2011 being the most vulnerable and least satisfactory. In addition to poor reliability and resilience indices, other challenges militating against good performance of hydropower generation includes population growth and climate change issues as exemplified in the downward trend observed at the headwaters. Water inflow and power generation shows a weak positive relationship with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.48, indicating less than optimal power generation. Total area of land cultivated increased from 884.59 km2 in 1986 prior to the commissioning of the hydropower station to 1730.83 km2 in 2016 which signifies an increased contribution of the dam to ensuring food security. The reality of reducing upstream rainfall amount coupled with high water footprint of electricity from the reservoir, therefore requires that a long term roadmap to improve operational coordination and management have to be put in place.
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Adediji, A., J. A. Adewumi, and T. E. Ologunorisa. "Effects of irrigation on the physico-chemical quality of water in irrigated areas." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 6 (June 30, 2011): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311407655.
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High demand for water is driving potentially unsustainable practices and competition for water resources between various sectors in developing areas. As a result of improved quality of life and population growth, increase in demand for fresh water is anticipated in all African countries in all sectors, over the next 10 years. This study examines the effects of dry season irrigation farming (fadama) on the physical and chemical quality of the River Osin which receives both surface and subsurface flow from irrigated areas in the Upper Osin Catchment, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 90 samples were obtained from Upstream (UPS), Irrigated area (IRG) and Downstream (DNS) segments of the river in the dry and rainy seasons. Water samples were analysed for pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids, dissolved organic matter (DOM), pesticides (ionic basic type), Na+, K+, Mg2+,Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, Ca2+ and HCO3-. The results indicate that values of agricultural pollutants such as pesticides (CuSO4), NO3- and PO43- were significantly higher at IRG than at UPS, and decreased slightly at DNS, while all other anions and cations except DOM reached peak values at DNS. Agricultural pollutants (NO3-, PO43- and pesticides) contributed significantly to poor water quality observed at IRG and DNS segments but the values are within acceptable tolerance range at UPS. The findings further indicate that irrigation practice degrades the quality of water at IRG and DNS segments. As a result, a holistic approach to agriculture and water resource management is recommended to ensure sustainable water resources development in the catchment.
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JPT staff, _. "SPE Board Announces Nominees 2023 President and 2022 Directors." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0018-jpt.
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SPE Board Announces Nominees 2023 President and 2022 Directors Medhat (Med) Kamal is the nominee for 2023 SPE President. He and six others make up the new slate of nominees recommended for positions open on the SPE Board of Directors. 2023 SPE President Medhat (Med) Kamal is a Chevron Fellow Emeritus with primary responsibilities including competency development within the company, identification and development of emerging and white-space technology opportunities, and provision of technological advice and counsel to senior management. He formerly was a fellow and leader at the dynamic reservoir characterization group for Chevron Energy Technology Company. Before Chevron he worked for ARCO, Flopetrol Schlumberger, and Amoco. North America Regional Director Simeon Eburi is a frontier exploration and new ventures petroleum engineer with Chevron, responsible for generating conceptual field development for exploration and business development opportunities. He has spent much of his professional life at Chevron in roles ranging from production operations supervisor in Bakersfield, California, and decision and economic analyst/advisor for deepwater US Gulf operations to production engineer in Oklahoma. Africa Regional Director Oghogho Effiom is a senior development planner for Shell Nigeria, where she enables integration between all disciplines to ensure consistencies across projects regarding development concepts, scenarios, and decisions. She formerly was a senior production geologist with Shell Nigeria. Asia Pacific Regional Director Henricus Herwin is the vice president for technical excellence and coordination at Pertamina, facilitating the expansion of the development and production staff ’s technical capabilities through publications, training, and networking. Prior to his current post, Herwin served as vice president of geoscience and reservoir for Pertamina as well as the head of the development and planning division. Before joining Pertamina in 2018, he held various upstream positions at Total. Middle East and North Africa Regional Director Hisham Zubari is the senior advisor to the Minister of Oil for Bahrain, where he identifies, initiates, plans, and manages national energy and sustainability initiatives related to energy efficiencies, renewable energy, and circular economy. He also acts as a senior advisor to the Bahrain National Oil and Gas Authority. Prior to his current posts, Zubari was deputy chief executive officer of Tatweer Petroleum and general manager for human resources and administration for Bahrain Petroleum Company, among other positions. Completions Technical Director Karen Olson is a senior completions advisor for Well Data Labs and an independent consultant. She previously was technology director for Southwestern Energy Company. Olson has been a completion/ reservoir engineer for more than 37 years, starting her career as a fracturing engineer for The Western Company of North America. She has also worked at S.A. Holditch and Associates, Mobil Oil, and BP. Reservoir Technical Director Rodolfo Gabriel Camacho-Velázquez is a professor in the petroleum engineering department at the National University of Mexico, where he teaches courses related to naturally fractured reservoirs and provides guidance and monitors research progress on the subject. He worked with Pemex for 25 years, where he was the manager of different positions identifying assets’ technical needs and provided guidance on the dynamic characterization and behavior of complex, naturally fractured reservoirs.
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Sonibare, J. A., and F. A. Akeredolu. "Natural gas domestic market development for total elimination of routine flares in Nigeria's upstream petroleum operations." Energy Policy 34, no. 6 (April 2006): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.07.006.
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.
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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minister Hun Sen hailed the first extraction as “a new achievement for Cambodia’s economy” and “a huge gift for our nation.” Ironbark Australian Exploration Well Declared Dry; Co-Owner Stocks Plummet BP has come up dry at its Ironbark-1 exploration well, the anticipated multi-trillion-scf prospect off the west Australian Pilbara coast. The disappointing prospect was once seen as a potential gas supplier to the emptying North West Shelf (NWS) LNG plant, where BP is a co-owner, within 5 to 10 years. After 2 months of drilling to a total depth of 5618 m, “no significant hydrocarbon shows were encountered in any of the target sands,” according to co-owner New Zealand Oil and Gas (NZOG). Petrorecôncavo Buys Petrobras’ Onshore Bahian Stake for $30 Million Brazilian operator Petrobras on 23 December signed a contract with independent producer Petrorecôncavo to sell its entire stake in 12 onshore E&P fields, the Remanso Cluster, in the state of Bahia. The sale value for the fields was $30 million; $4 million was paid on signing, $21 million at the closing of the transaction, and $5 million will be paid 1 year after that. The Remanso Cluster comprises the onshore fields of Brejinho, Canabrava, Cassarongongo, Fazenda Belém, Gomo, Mata de São João, Norte Fazenda Caruaçu, Remanso, Rio dos Ovos, Rio Subaúma, São Pedro, and Sesmaria. Zion Spuds the Israeli Megiddo-Jezreel #2 Well On 6 January, Zion Oil and Gas officially spudded the MegiddoJezreel #2 on its 99,000acre MegiddoJezreel license area in Israel. “With unique operating conditions in the COVID19 environment, our crews have performed an amazing task,” Zion CEO Robert Dunn said. “Mobilizing a rig into a new country during a pandemic and rigging up is the most challenging part of the drilling operation,” Zion’s vice president of operations, Monty Kness, added. Exxon Declares a Dud at Second Guyana Well Exxon Mobil said on 15 January that its exploration well in the prolific Stabroek Block off Guyana’s coast did not find oil in its target area. Exxon, which operates the Stabroek Block in a consortium with Hess and China’s CNOOC, has made 18 discoveries in the area in 5 years, totaling more than 8 billion BOE, for a combined potential for producing up to 750,000 B/D of crude. The Hassa1 exploration well was the giant’s second setback to its drilling campaign in recent months. Heirs Holdings Buys 45% of Shell Nigeria’s OML 17 Field Shell Nigeria announced on 15 January it had completed a $533 million sale of its stakes in an onshore OML 17 oil field in Nigeria to African strategic investor Heirs Holdings, Nigeria’s largest publicly listed conglomerate. The deal is one of the largest oil and gas financings in Africa in more than a decade, with a financing component of $1.1 billion provided by a consortium of global and regional banks and investors. Heirs Holdings, in partnership with Transcorp, one of the largest power producers in Nigeria with 2000 MW of installed capacity, purchased 45% stake in the field. It acquired the stakes of Shell, Total, and Eni to further its expansion into the oil and gas industry. Apex Discovers Oil in Egypt’s Western Desert Privately held independent E&P firm Apex International Energy, backed in part by UK energy investment firm Blue Water Energy, on 18 January announced a discovery in the Southeast Meleiha Concession (SEM) in the western desert of Egypt. The discovery was made at the SEMZ-11X well located 10 km west of Zarif field, the nearest producing field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 5,700 ft and encountered 65 ft of oil pay in the Cretaceous sandstones of the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations. Testing of the Bahariya resulted in a peak rate of 2,100 B/D with no water. Additional uphole pay exists in the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations that can be added to the production stream in the future. Kosmos Announces Oil at Winterfell Well Dallas-based E&P independent Kosmos Energy announced on 19 January an oil discovery in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The Winterfell discovery well, the product of infrastructure-led exploration (ILX), was drilled to a total depth of approximately 23,000 ft and is located in approximately 5,300 ft of water. This subsalt Upper Miocene prospect in off-shore Louisiana encountered approximately 85 ft of net oil pay in two intervals. ILX exploration, which has featured prominently in upstream operators’ portfolios in recent years of relatively low oil prices, is exploration around producing hubs that can be hooked up to those facilities easily and cheaply. The development sidesteps the need for costly and time-consuming individual hub construction. Equinor Gets Permit To Drill North Sea Wildcat Well The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted Equinor a drilling permit for wildcat well 31/11-1 S in the North Sea offshore Norway, 62 km south of the Troll field. The drilling program is the first exploration well to be drilled in production license 785 S, awarded on 6 February 2015 (APA 2014). Operator Equinor and Total E&P Norge are 50/50 partners in the license, which consists of parts of Blocks 26/2 and 31/11. Petrobras, ExxonMobil Hit Hydrocarbons at Urissanê Well, Offshore Brazil Brazilian state-owned Petrobras announced on 29 January it had discovered hydrocarbons in a well located in the Campos Basin presalt off Brazil’s coast of Campos dos Gotyacaze in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Well 1-BRSA-1377-RJS (informally called Urissanê) is located in Block C-M-411, at a depth of 2950 m approximately 200 km offshore. Petrobras, which operates the block in a 50/50 partnership with Exxon Mobil, said it would analyze the well data to better target exploratory activities and assess the potential of the discovery. BP Offloads 20% Share of Oman’s Block 61 To PTTEP Marking another significant step in its divestment program, BP will sell a 20% participating interest in Oman’s 3950 km2 Block 61 in central Oman to Thailand’s national PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) for $2.59 billion. BP will remain operator of the block, holding a 40% interest. The sale comprises $2.45 billion payable on completion and $140 million payable contingent on preagreed conditions. After the sale, BP will hold 40% interest in Block 61, while OQ holds 30%, PTTEP 20%, and Petronas 10%. Block 61 contains the largest tight gas development in the Middle East.
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Fink, A. H., D. G. Vincent, and V. Ermert. "Rainfall Types in the West African Sudanian Zone during the Summer Monsoon 2002." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 2143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3182.1.
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Abstract Enhanced surface and upper-air observations from the field campaign of the Integrated Approach to the Efficient Management of Scarce Water Resources in West Africa (IMPETUS) project are used to partition rainfall amounts over the West African Sudanian zone during the 2002 summer monsoon season into several characteristic types and subtypes of precipitating systems. The most prominent rainfall subtype was fast-moving, long-lived, and extensive cloud clusters that often developed far upstream over the central Nigerian highlands in the afternoon hours and arrived at the Upper Ouémé Valley (UOV) after midnight. These organized convective systems (advective OCSs, subtype Ia) accounted for 50% of the total rain amount in the UOV catchment in Benin. Subtypes Ia and IIa (i.e., locally developing OCSs) were found to pass by or organize when a highly sheared environment with deep and dry midtropospheric layers was present over the UOV. These systems were most frequent outside the peak of the monsoon season. The second major type of organized convection, termed mesoscale convective systems (subtypes Ib, IIb, and IIIb) in the present study, contributed 26% to the annual UOV precipitation. They occurred in a less-sheared and moister tropospheric environment mainly around the height of the rainy season. A third distinct class of rainfall events occurred during an unusual synoptic situation in which a cyclonic vortex to the north of the UOV led to deep westerly flow. During these periods, the African easterly jet was lacking. The so-called vortex-type rainfalls (subtypes IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc) contributed about 9% to the annual rainfall totals.
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Umunnakwe, Johnbosco Emeka, Ikem Ekweozor, and Kelechi Thankgod Ezirim. "Household waste impacts on physicochemical variables in Port Harcourt." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 903–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-01-2018-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show impacts of household wastes handling on some physicochemical parameters of surface water, soil, sediments and borehole water samples in Port Harcourt. Waste generated from the households are indiscriminately dumped on roads, stream channels, bush lands and open spaces thus defacing the landscape of the city, flooding and spreading vector-borne diseases. As a result there is unsustainable and wasteful utilisation of resources which gives rise to pollution of the environment. The research determines the pollution profile of some dumpsites, surface water bodies that act as recipients of household waste from result of analysis of physicochemical parameters. Design/methodology/approach Major dumpsites in the city were selected for sampling. Three sampling stations at upstream, discharge point and downstream were selected for water and sediments. Water samples were collected in one-litre plastic containers, and then labelled and transported to laboratory for analysis. Sediment samples were collected at a depth of 5-10 m under water and preservation, handling and analysis were based on standard principles and procedures. Soil samples were dug with auger at both top (0-15 cm) and bottom (15-30 cm) in radial coordinates. The soil and sediment samples were first digested using the wet oxidation method before analysis with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Findings The physicochemical analysis of surface water samples showed that conductivity, salinity, turbidity, sulphate, phosphate, magnesium, total hardness and lead exceeded the World Health Organization and Nigerian Industrial Standard limits for drinking water qualities at the sampled areas. The same parameters in addition to pH and manganese also exceeded the limits for sediment samples. The soil pH showed acidity at the sampling stations for both top and bottom depths. Conductivity, sulphate, iron, manganese, phosphate and lead also exceeded the FMEnv Guidelines and standards for soil quality. The continuous discharge of household wastes on water and soil resulted in elevated levels of some measured parameters. Research limitations/implications The research was limited by funds. The cost of sampling and analysis was enormous and limited the study to parameters that available funds could carry. This factor also stretched the period of study. The non-availability of sponsorship made it difficult to extend the research to soil particle size distribution and the underground water movement of the study areas. Another limitation was logistics as the study covered vast areas of the metropolis demanding steady means of mobility that was not available. Epileptic supply of power delayed the timely delivery of result of analysis. Practical implications The results of the analysed physicochemical parameters of water, sediments, soil and borehole water samples indicated spatial variations in their values at the study area, with higher values at the discharge points and downstream than the upstream, while for the borehole water analysis, the effect was more pronounced at stations with appreciable quantity of degradable household wastes. The levels of some physicochemical variables exceeded standard limits as a result of continuous discharge of household wastes .The implication is that household waste handling influenced the physicochemical variables negatively and constant monitoring serves as a useful tool of abatement. Originality/value This work is original and has not been published before in any book or journal article locally or internationally. The research related waste handling lifestyles with concentrations of measurable parameters, which is an additional work to what other authors have done. The value is that data generated will be a reference material to other researchers, city planners, government agencies and institutions that are involved with environmental management. Furthermore it has added a new dimension to the discipline of waste management in terms of scope and contribution to knowledge.
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Gbarakoro, S. L., T. N. Gbarakoro, and W. L. Eebu. "Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on the Physico-chemical Properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria." Annual Research & Review in Biology, April 6, 2020, 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i130183.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: This research work aimed to determine the impact of industrial effluent discharge on the physicochemical properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme and Rivers State.
Study Design: Random sampling technique was applied in this study. The study area was divided into three sites; upstream, downstream all of Aleto Stream and Agbonchia Stream which serves for the control experiment. Water samples for eleven physical and six chemical parameters were collected in a Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out on Aleto and Agbonchia streams at Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria from 2017 to 2018.
Methodology: Two samples were collected; one sample at the Aleto stream where the industrial effluent is being channelled into the stream and the other sample was collected from Agbonchia stream, which was used as a control. In the Aleto Stream, sampling was made at two points; point A (upstream) point B (downstream) and each of these points had their Physico-chemical properties tested while only one sample was collected from the Agbonchia Stream. Physico-chemical properties were analyzed in the samples using pH meter for pH, Turbidity meter for turbidity, Conductivity meter for electrical conductivity, phosphate by colourimetric method, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) by gravimetric method, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by standard method, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), calcium hardness, total hardness by titrimetric method, colour, odour and taste by sensory method.
Results: Results obtained on the Physico-chemical properties had varying concentrations of Temperature, Total hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, DO and Phosphate that were within world health organization (24) and Federal Ministry of Environment (1991) permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 29.0-23.7oC, 360-125 mg/l, 120-100 mg/l, 36-30 mg/l, 4.9-4.4 mg/l, 1.92-1.2 mg/l respectively while Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, TSS, TDS, Calcium hardness, COD, BOD, Colour, Taste and Odour were above permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 1660-1700 mg/l, 83-112NTU, 82-80 mg/l, 910-914 mg/l, 1590-1900 mg/l, 100-165 mg/l, 4.36-3.88 mg/l respectively. The pH values ranged from 9.0-6.3 mg/l showing a result on the upstream to be alkaline while the downstream was slightly acidic. The increase in the above parameters above their permissible limits is as a result of the impact of industrial effluent discharges drained into the stream. This indicates that the stream is unfit for both human and aquatic inmates.
Conclusion: Therefore, proper management of this effluent should be ensured and an acute test with lethal concentration (LC50) as the endpoint is recommended to determine the degree of toxicity of the effluent waste.
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Nta, S. A., I. J. Udom, and S. O. Udo. "Investigation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Pollution Impact on Groundwater Quality and Agricultural Soils." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, March 17, 2020, 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2020/v12i130151.
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A field study was conducted to investigate palm oil mill effluent (POME) pollution impact on ground water quality and agricultural soils. Raw POME and two water samples were also collected from the downstream and upstream locations away from the effluent discharge point using 1 litre capacity container. This was found less than 100 m from the mill. Soil samples from the POME dumpsite as well as non-POME soil were collected. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total hardness, turbidity, sulphate, COD, BOD5, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and percentage saturation for water samples were determined. pH, water holding capacity, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM), total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations: K, Na, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity for soil. Data obtained from the study were subjected to statistical analyses of variance (ANOVA). Significant variations exist in most of the physicochemical variables among the sampled parameters. Data for water samples were also compared with world health organization and Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the standard limits for consumption. pH, EC, total hardness, turbidity, sulpahte, COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, % saturation were all significant difference from each other. Soil pH, EC, TOC, total nitrogen, available P, TOM, Ca and exchangeable acidity were also all significant difference from each other. It is concluded that a strong move towards quality and environmental management through ecological improvement and cleaner technology approach within manufacturing industries in Nigeria is implemented.
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Oladipo, S. O., L. M. Nneji, O. A. Iyiola, I. C. Nneji, A. O. Ayoola, K. M. Adelakun, A. T. Anifowoshe, A. C. Adeola, and M. K. Mustapha. "Patterns of ichthyofaunal diversity and distribution across Jebba Hydro-Electric Power (HEP) dam, Jebba, north-central Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Biology, July 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.222952.
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Abstract The ichthyofauna diversity of the Jebba Hydroelectric Power (HEP) Dam, Jebba, North-central Nigeria was studied. Fishes were sampled for 24 months using gill net, hook and line, and cast net. Individuals were identified using morphological and molecular (mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I) data. A total of 9605 freshwater fishes were recorded during the sampling period. The use of an integrative taxonomic approach enabled the identification of 83 species belonging to 42 genera. Additionally, the study recorded three unidentified species – Ctenopoma sp, Malapterurus sp., and Protopterus sp. Analyses showed that individuals belonging to families Cichlidae and Mochokidae dominated the dam. The diversity analyses revealed relatively high fish diversity during the rainy season at the downstream section of Jebba HEP dam compared to the upstream section. The study, therefore, showed the presence of a diverse fish community comprising high species richness and diversity across the Jebba HEP dam. Finally, we recommend proper biodiversity monitoring and assessment of freshwater fish diversity across Nigeria. In addition, the use of an integrated taxonomic approach is recommended for appropriate species’ identification and studies of freshwater fishes from Nigeria.
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Eze, Victor, Chidiebere Ndife, and Miracle Muogbo. "Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Njaba River, Imo State, Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, March 26, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-05-2021.
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Daily exposure to potentially toxic elements (heavy metals) through the oral ingestion of water has been a major concern to human health due to its detrimental effects. Studies focusing on health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in surface and ground waters have been conducted, but none has been reported in Njaba River. Few studies conducted have focused only on the assessment of its water quality. Therefore, this study assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of the potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Njaba River. Overall, a total of 135 water samples was collected for this study and were analyzed using Agilent FS240AA AAS. The potentially toxic elements concentrations were: As (0.015±0.001 to 0.021±0.001 mg L-1), Cd (0.006±0.002 to 0.018±0.002 mg L-1), Cr (0.027±0.001 to 0.074±0.001 mg L-1), Cu (0.016±0.002 to 0.033±0.001 mg L-1), Ni (0.031±0.001 to 0.053±0.002 mg L-1), Pb (0.050±0.002 to 0.092±0.001 mg L-1), and Zn (0.061±0.002 to 0.097±0.002 mg L-1). As, Ni and Pb recorded concentrations above their respective maximum permissible limits. Physicochemical parameters were appraised using the American Public Health Association standard method (APHA). The evaluation of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of the analyzed elements was carried out based on the guidelines of the USEPA. The hazard index values for children via upstream, midstream and downstream sample points were 0.0000128, 0.00000895 and 0.0513 respectively, while the hazard index values for adults via upstream, midstream and downstream sample points were 0.00000551, 0.00000395 and 0.00000581 respectively. The health risk estimation showed that the hazard quotients were within acceptable limits. The total cancer risks of potentially toxic elements were generally within the range of tolerable risk for adults and above the range of tolerable risk for children.
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Aluyi, H. S. A., F. O. Ekhaise, D. M. Adelusi, and F. E. Oviasogie. "EFFECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND OIL POLLUTION ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF UDU RIVER, WARRI, NIGERIA." Estudos de Biologia 28, no. 62 (November 24, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/reb.v28i62.22716.
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The effect of human activities and oil pollution on the microbiological quality of Udu River was investigated from September 2002 to January 2003. The microbiological parameters were carried out using the standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial and fungal loads were shown to be highest in the inhabited stations (2 and 3) with downstream (station 4) suffering from dilution effects of human activities and upstream (station 1) showing lower counts. Stations 2 and 3 were shown to record the highest heterotrophic microbial load 10.7 x 108 cfuml-1 and 10.4 x 108 cfuml-1 and 8.0 x 108 cfuml-1 and 9.0 x 108 cfuml-1 for bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. Total coliform counts ranges from 1.5 – 4.3 x 106 and 1.4 – 2.8 x 106 MPN100ml-1 for stations 2 and 3. Microorganism isolated and characterized includes nine bacterial and four fungal genera. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Escherichia, Clostridium, Acetobacter, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, and the predominant fungal isolates includes, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Geotrichum and Helminthosporium. The concentrations of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), conductivity, total iron, total solids, total copper and total dissolved solids were shown to be higher in stations 2 and 3 than station 1 which have no direct human activities. Similarly, the values obtained for salinity, total hardness and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the inhabited stations were shown to be lower than station 1. Correlation coefficient shows positive relationship between the different microbial populations and some physiochemical parameters studied.
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Omolori, Sani Mustapha, Marcus Danjuma, and Magaji Joshua. "Suitability of Usuma Dam Water for Domestic Use in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, October 1, 2020, 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2020/v13i330185.
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The quality of water sources should be tested regularly for various parameters of interest to ensure it meet the standard qualities required for intended use(s). Thus, the suitability of Usuma dam water for domestic use in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory Abuja was assessed. The objectives were to assess the properties of Usuma dam water and ascertain its suitability for domestic purpose. A total of thirty (30) water samples were fetched directly. Ten (10) samples each from upstream, downstream and middle were collected. Precautions were taken to prevent sample contamination. Data collected were analyzed as follows: The water properties was analyzed using range and mean, suitability of water properties for domestic purpose was analyzed by comparing range and mean values with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for domestic uses. Result showed that water sample were slight acidic (6.83), EC was low (122-180 µs/cm3), TDS (120-144 Mg/l), TSS (1.2-1.7 Mg/l, turbidity (0.29-5.37 Mg/l,) total hardness (7.18-40.46 Mg/l) DO (3.8-4.7 Mg/l), BOD (2.2-4.21 Mg/l), and (25.6-55.4 Mg/l). Minerals nutrients (Ca, Mg, Cl-,Na, K, NO-3 and PO-4. ) in water samples were lower than regulatory standard while heavy metals (Fe, Si, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, F and B) were relatively higher than regulatory standard. It was concluded that water from Usuma dam are not safe for domestic purpose especially drinking.
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Nwaugo, Victor Oluoha, Reginald Azuonye Onyeagba, Solomon Nnanna Umeham, and Nelson Azu. "EFFECT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ATTACHMENT SURFACES ON BIOFILMS IN CASSAVA MILL EFFLUENT POLLUTED OLOSHI RIVER, NIGERIA." Estudos de Biologia 29, no. 66 (November 24, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/reb.v29i66.22211.
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The effects of physicochemical properties and attachment surface characteristics on biofilm formed in a cassava mill effluent of the polluted Oloshi River (Nigeria) was investigated. Concerning to physicochemical properties, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were significantly affected with higher values in the discharge point (DP) than in the downstream points (DS). Values for these properties in samples from upstream (US) sites were lower than in the DP, except for DO that was higher. Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium spp., Moraxella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Saccharomyces spp. were absent in the US, but were found from the DP though the DS. Regarding to the bioloads, DS I has presented the highest bacterial counts, followed by the DS II, while the lower counts were obtained in US. Again, in a general form, higher biofilm contents have been observed in DS I, followed by DS II, and lower in US. In all sampling sites, wood surfaces had the highest biofilm bacterial counts followed by the plastic surfaces before the glass and metallic surfaces. In that order, higher biofilm bacterial counts then water column counts were observed. The obtained results let us to infer that the availability of nutrients and the nature of attachment surfaces directly influence in the biofilm formation in such analyzed ecosystems.
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Nrior, Renner Renner, and Indutimi Mathias Otuogha. "Enhanced Biodegradation of Degreaser Using Pseudomonas and Bacillus Species in Fresh Water Ecosystem." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, May 2, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v35i230171.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to enhance the biodegradation of degreasers used in upstream sectors of Nigeria Petroleum Industry using bio-augmenting organisms such as: Pseudomonas and Bacillus species in freshwater Ecosystem.
Study Design: This study employs experimental designs, Randomized Block Design treatment set up, statistical analysis of data and interpretation.
Place and Duration of Study: Freshwater sample for this research was collected from Asarama Andoni, in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study lasted for six months.
Methodology: The experimental set-up was carried in 500 ml conical flask with two species of bacteria, two types of degreaser and fresh water sample giving a total of 8 set-up including controls. The Pseudomonas and Bacillus species used in this study were isolated from the freshwater ecosystem and identified using standard microbiological methods. The bioremediation potential of the respective test organisms were monitored at ambient temperature 28±0.2°C for 28 days at a constant interval of 7 days using the following Physiochemical parameter; Total dissolved Solid, Hydrogen concentrations ions and Total Hydrocarbon Content. While the following Microbiological parameters; Total heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Heterotrophic Fungi, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria, and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi were monitored.
Results: The percentage of degradability of the respective set-ups ranged from Control (Rigwash) (3.29%) < Pseudomonas sp. + Rigwash (27.56%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Rigwash< (31.57%), Bacillus sp.+ Rigwash (37.57%) Control 2 (Aquabreak) (9.45%) < Pseudomonas sp.+ Aquabreak (26.77%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Aquabreak (31.32%)< Bacillus sp.+ Aquabreak (32.46%). Overall evaluation revealed that Bacillus sp. had a higher biodegradation potential on both degreaser (Rigwash and Aquabreak) in freshwater than Pseudomonas sp. Five species of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Micrococcus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas species and four fungal species: Penicillium, Mucor, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species were isolated and identified as hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi organisms respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that Bacillus species have more degradability potential than Pseudomonas species for both Aquabreak and Rigwash. These results also indicated the low biodegradation potential of Rigwash in fresh Ecosystem.
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"Seasonal changes in physico-chemical parameters and nutrient load of river sediments in Ibadan City, Nigeria." Issue 3 10, no. 3 (April 29, 2013): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000458.
Full textAbstract:
Seasonal variations in ecological parameters exert a profound effect on the distribution and
population density of both animal and plant species (Odum, 1971). The productivity in terms
of planktonic biomass in freshwater bodies is regulated by various physico-chemical factors
viz., temperature, transparency, pH, total hardness, nitrates, phosphates etc. A field study
was conducted (October 2003 and March 2004) to develop a data-base on seasonal changes
of physico-chemical parameters and nutrient load of the river sediment in Ibadan metropolis.
Quantitative samples of sediments were collected during dry and rainy seasons from 11
stations and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters and nutrient load. All (except
dissolved oxygen) physico-chemical parameters assessed in this study were higher than the
recommended standard (EPA, 2002). The nutrient load of pore water of Ibadan river system
sediments during rainy and dry seasons was found in the range of: phosphate (2.23-16.2 ppm
and 0.35-2.8 ppm respectively); nitrate (0.22 to 0.9 ppm and 0.47-3.3 ppm respectively);
Nitrite (0.2-0.42 ppm and 0.03-0.3 ppm respectively); Total nitrogen (0.13-0.9ppm and 0.47-
3.4 ppm respectively) and sulphate (70-99.4 ppm and 26.6-120 ppm respectively). The levels
of parameters downstream were significantly elevated than the corresponding levels
upstream. This result suggests that the water quality of Ibadan river system is adversely
affected and impaired by the discharge of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes, which
is the usual practice in Ibadan. The data generated from this study will guide potential
remediation and other management decisions.
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"Investigation of water quality of two rivers in Agbede –Wetlands in Southern Nigeria." Issue 3 17, no. 3 (June 3, 2015): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001420.
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<p>Water quality of Edion and Omodo Rivers were assessed chemically from March to October, 2010. The abstracted water samples were also subjected to bacteriological examination. The Rivers were each sampled at upstream and downstream locations. Twenty (20) physico-chemical characteristics which included heavy metals were determined in the laboratory. Air temperature ranged from the mean 30.69 to 31.38 °C, water temperature 26.50 to 27.00 °C, pH 7.05 to 7.15, electrical conductivity 7.99 to 25.55mScm<sup>-1</sup>, turbidity 24.11 to 54.65FTU, total dissolved solids 6.14 to 7.78mgl<sup>-1</sup>, total hardness 25.10 to 30.38mgl<sup>-1</sup>, chlorine 22.06 to 25.02mgl<sup>-1</sup>, BOD<sub>5</sub> 0.88 to 2.42mgl<sup>-1</sup>, DO 3.81 to 6.50mgl<sup>-1</sup> and the nutrient elements such as sulphate, phosphate and Nitrate ranged between 0.03 and 3.81mgl<sup>-1</sup>, sodium 1.87 to 3.81mgl<sup>-1</sup> and potassium 1.08 to 1.27mgl<sup>-1</sup>. Heavy metals levels were low, ranging from 0.0025 to 5.6650mgl<sup>-1</sup> (Copper 0.0350 to 0.0910mgl<sup>-1</sup>, Iron 0.2825 to 0.5112mgl<sup>-1</sup>, cadmium 0.0015 to 0.0104mgl<sup>-1</sup>, lead 0.0025 to 0.0230mgl<sup>-1</sup>, zinc 2.7013 to 5.6650mgl<sup>-1</sup> and chromium 0.0025 to 0.0263mgl<sup>-1</sup>). Conductivity, sulphate, zinc and fecal coliform count showed significant difference (<em>P<0.05</em>) with low values indicating good water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed that Stations 2 and 4 respectively had good water quality. All the characteristics had their values within FEPA Limit except for Zn (> 3.0mgl<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
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"Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metal Levels in Surface Water and Sediment of Mgbuodohia River, Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling 3, no. 2 (June 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/aewmr.03.02.04.
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The assessment of water quality is indispensable for suitability of human consumption. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected from two sampling stations along Mgbuodohia River for a period of three months and analysed for physicochemical and heavy metal parameters using standard method of analysis [1]. The results showed no significant difference between stations I and 2 (p> 0.05) for all measured parameters. The different measurements for surface water are as follows: Temperature 28.3±0.70 o C, pH 7.0±0.19, Conductivity 14122 ± 4280 µS/cm, Salinity 7.77 ± 2.56 ppt, TDS 12793 ± 4069 mg/l, Turbidity 3.09 ± 0.65 NTU, Alkalinity 39 ± 9.61 mg CaCO3/l, Total hardness 5024 ± 1543 mg CaCO3/l, Calcium 499 ± 166 mg/l, Magnesium 921 ± 290 mg/l, Chloride 12623 ± 5581 mg/l, DO 6.93 ± 2.87 mg/l, BOD 1.85 ± 0.63 mg/l, Nitrate 0.48 ± 0.20 mg/l, Phosphate 0.69 ± 0.02 mg/l, and Sulphate 630 ± 197 mg/l. Heavy metals had their respective levels for station 1(downstream) and station 2 (upstream) as 0.7 ± 0.51 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.19 mg/l for Pb, 0.20 ± 0.10 mg/l and 0.21 ± 0.02 for Cd, 2.10 ± 0.10 mg/l and 1.61 ± 1.69 mg/l for Fe while Zn was not detected. The water Quality Index, WQI = 425. The sediment metal concentrations for stations 1 and 2 are 0.38 ± 0.50 mg/kg and 0.15 ± 0.18mg/kg for Pb, 0.10 ± 0.00 mg/kg and 0.03±0.04 mg/kg for Cd, 18.02 ± 11.34mg/kg and 28.68 ± 5.10mg/kg for Fe and 0.13 ± 0.12 mg/ kg and 0.34 ± 0.15mg/kg for Zn respectively. The levels of sulphate, phosphate and chloride were above the recommended standard. The mineralization of the river was high due to the dissolved ions that were very much above the permissible limit. All the metals were within the recommended standard in water and sediment except Fe. The WQI indicated that the overall quality of the river was bad and not suitable for human use as drinking water
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Chibuike S., Ubani,, Nweze, Ekene J., Aneke, Munachimso V., Arazu, Amarachukwu V., Okeke, Emmanuel S., Kanu, Ruth O., and Ezeorba, Timothy. "Pah Content of Clarais gariepinus Harvested from Ekulu River, Eastern Nigeria Contaminated with Effluents Generated from a Roofing Sheet Industry Risk Impact Assessment." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, April 26, 2021, 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i731323.
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Aim: This study evaluated PAH content and health risks associated with consuming Clarais gariepinus (cat fish) from Ekulu Rivers, in Enugu, Nigeria fed with roofing sheet company effluent.
Place and Duration of Study Design: Ekulu River, the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, south-eastern Nigeria, is a 25-kilometer long river (16mi) and it originates in the same city as well. The city is located on latitude 06o 21o N and 06o 30o and longitude 07o 26o E and 07o 37 Eo.
Methodology: This analysis was conducted with the use of Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) machine equipped with Flame ionization detector (FID). The health risks were evaluated by the mathematical models stipulated by USEPA and WHO.
Results: The PAHs identified from the Clarias gariepinus samples were Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Flouranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(α)pyrene and Benzo (g-h-i)perylene. Benzo(α)pyrene and Benzo (g-h-i)perylene were predominant. The quantity of PAHs detected in all fish samples including the control ranged from below detectable limit (BDL) through 0.001 to 0.0786mg/kg. The LMW PAHs detected were 60 % while the HMW PAHs were 40 % of the total PAHs in isolated. The total PAH concentration observed from the different point locations were 0.1003 mg/kg, 0.0977 mg/kg, 0.1102 mg/kg and 0.0414 mg/kg for the downstream, upstream, POD and control respectively. The HQ and HI obtained in all point locations were < 1. The ILCR of all the PAHs detected were in the range of 10-5 to 10-9. The benzo (α) pyrene in cat fish obtained from the POD has the most carcinogenic potency and also recorded the maximum limit (5E -03 mg/kg).
Conclusion: it is pertinent to enlighten the fish consumers and mongers on the dangers posed by the consumption of fish from Ekulu River and also caution industries with injudicious effluent disposal into water bodies.
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Oluwagbemiga, Ayeku, P., Ogundele, L. Tunde, and Adeniyi, I. Funsho. "A Study of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Coastal Marine Sediment of Ondo State, Nigeria." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, March 27, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v34i130112.
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The present study was carried out to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in the marine sediment in Ondo coastal area. A total of 36 sediment samples were collected from the three locations (Awoye, Abereke and Ayetoro) once in a month in 2015 covering both dry and wet season. The sediment samples were subjected to digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. The measured concentrations data were used for evaluating the contamination level and accumulation status of heavy metals in sediment by employing several pollution indices: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). The results showed that Fe had the highest average concentration values of 248.00§ 20.00 and 324.33§ 5.80 mg/kg at Awoye sampling site for wet and dry season, respectively while the highest mean concentration of Mn were 271.77±9.50 and 295±10.06 mg/kg at Abereke and Ayetoro, respectively. The contamination factor (CF) values for As, Cd and Mn were 1 < CF < 3, indicating a moderate contamination. The results of Cdeg were ranged from 8.6 to 12.5 for both dry and wet season except in Ayetoro site that had 7.8 in the wet season. The PLI values were 0.47, 0.50 and 0.54 (<1) for Abereke, Awoye and Ayetoro sites, respectively, denoting unpolluted conditions. The EF values for Pb and Ni obtained from all the sites ranged from 20.8 to 38.9, showing their significantly enriched in sediment. The Igeo values of As, Cr, Fe, V, Zn and Cu were less than one (Igeo <1) for the three sampling locations in both seasons, implying that the sediments in the study area are practically uncontaminated by these metals. Pb had the Igeo values of 2.80 and 2.85 during dry and wet season at Awoye sampling site while Ni had 2.57 at Abereke only in the dry season. The heavy metals in sediment might be derived from the upstream rivers from the top soil, mechanically weathered rock materials and anthropogenic activities.
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Nwachoko, N., G. T. Jack, and B. B. Dume. "The Impact of Oil Exploration Activities on Soil, Water and Shrimps of Maa-Or Gbor in Korokoro Community, Rivers State, Nigeria." Chemical Science International Journal, July 3, 2021, 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2021/v30i530233.
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Crude oil exploration and its associated spillage pose a major threat to the environment in Nigeria and if not checked and managed properly, could lead to total annihilation of the ecosystem especially in the Niger Delta Region. Therefore, this study examines the impact of oil spill on soil, water and shrimps from Maa-or gbor. Water and soil samples were collected in the upstream, midstream and downstream, while shrimps from the river were also collected. They were digested with nitric acid. The heavy metal components were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer while physiochemical parameters were determined using different analytical methods. The result of the metals concentration in the soil showed that the values of some of the metals analyzed were within the acceptable limit of FAO/WHO except for Cu, Mn and Fe values. The result of water quality showed that pH values of the stations were in the range of 6.08-6.20 and a mean value of 6.15± 0.05 for the three stations, which is lower than the limit (6.5- 8.5) recommended for drinking water. Also the result showed that Station C had the highest conductivity value when compared with other stations, and significantly differs when compared with station B. However, the values of the electrical conductivity in all the stations were lower than that of FEPA acceptable limit of 250, while the mean value for the stations was 60.9± 3.42. Trace metals concentration in shrimps was below FAO/WHO acceptable limit. The result obtained for water quality index was147. This value is above the recommended standard for drinking water, thus indicates poor quality water status of Maa-or gbor and unfit for human consumption.
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"06/02068 Natural gas domestic market development for total elimination of routine flares in Nigeria's upstream petroleum operations." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 47, no. 5 (September 2006): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(06)82076-x.
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