Relevant bibliographies by topics / Total synthesis of GA18

Academic literature on the topic 'Total synthesis of GA18'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Jain, Rakesh K., Rakesh Vig, Rajit Rampal, E. V. Chandrasekaran, and Khushi L. Matta. "Total Synthesis of 3'-O-Sialyl, 6'-O-Sulfo Lewisx, NeuAc.alpha.2.fwdarw.3(6-O-SO3Na)Ga1.beta.1.fwdarw.4(Fuc.alpha.1.fwdarw.3)GlcNAc.beta.-OMe: A Major Capping Group of GLYCAM-I." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 26 (December 1994): 12123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a091.

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Zeelen, F. J. "Steroid total synthesis." Natural Product Reports 11, no. 6 (1994): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/np9941100607.

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WILSON, ELIZABETH. "TOTAL SYNTHESIS SURPRISE." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 51 (December 17, 2001): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n051.p011.

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Groen, M. B., and F. J. Zeelen. "Steroid total synthesis." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 105, no. 11 (1986): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19861051102.

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Mori, Tomonori, Shuhei Higashibayashi, Taiji Goto, Mitsunori Kohno, Yukiko Satouchi, Kazuyuki Shinko, Kengo Suzuki, et al. "Total Synthesis of Siomycin A: Completion of the Total Synthesis." Chemistry – An Asian Journal 3, no. 6 (June 2, 2008): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.200800033.

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Wang, Bo, T. Matthew Hansen, Lynn Weyer, Dimao Wu, Ting Wang, Mathias Christmann, Yingtao Lu, et al. "Total Synthesis of Phorboxazole A viade NovoOxazole Formation: Convergent Total Synthesis." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 5 (February 9, 2011): 1506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1089099.

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Nakata, Tadashi, Shigeto Nagao, and Takeshi Oishi. "Total synthesis of (+)-pederin. 2. Stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-benzoylselenopederic acid and total synthesis of (+)-pederin." Tetrahedron Letters 26, no. 52 (January 1985): 6465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99028-2.

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Thomas, Eric J., and John W. F. Whitehead. "Cytochalasan synthesis: total synthesis of cytochalasin H." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 3 (1989): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19890000507.

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Dyke, Hazel, Patrick G. Steel, and Eric J. Thomas. "Cytochalasan synthesis: total synthesis of cytochalasin G." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 3 (1989): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19890000525.

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Thomas, Eric J., and John W. F. Whitehead. "Cytochalasan synthesis: total synthesis of cytochalasin H." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 9 (1986): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39860000727.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Watson, Christine Anne Louise. "Total synthesis of bistheonellic acid B/ total synthesis of scytophycin C." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627216.

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Chan, Bryan Ka Ip. "Total synthesis of streptonigrone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31581.

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This thesis describes the total synthesis of streptonigrone. The centerpiece of our route to the target molecule is a facile one-pot construction of 3-alkylpyridones developed in our laboratory. The quinoline segment of the target molecule, prepared through a Conrad-Limpach synthesis, was condensed with 2-benzyloxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde to afford a chalcone intermediate suitable for our pyridine-forming reaction. The assembly of the central 3-methylpyridone ring of the natural product was then accomplished through the merger of the chalcone with 2-cyanopropanamide. Functionalization of the pyridone was then completed through an anionic sequence.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Shelton, Ruth E. "Total synthesis of peduncularine." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526451.

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Sparling, Brian Andrew. "Total Synthesis of Hyperforin." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11098.

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Hyperforin is the component of the medicinal herb St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) responsible for its antidepressant activity. It works by blocking the reuptake of a variety of neurotransmitters through a unique mechanism of action and may be a critical lead for the treatment of depression and possibly other human diseases. However, the therapeutic potential of hyperforin is severely handicapped by its poor water solubility, facile oxidative degradation, and potent activation of pregnane X receptor, leading to increased expression of many genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Access to a wide variety of hyperforin analogs is critical for mitigating these shortcomings while maintaining therapeutic activity. While limited semisynthetic manipulation of isolated hyperforin is feasible, total synthesis is the only possible means of obtaining diverse hyperforin analogs.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology
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Baldwin, Ian Robert. "Total synthesis of acetoxyodontoschismenol." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284653.

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Chen, Cheng Yi. "Total synthesis of (+)-stenine /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487684245465948.

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Li, Fang. "Total Synthesis of (-)-Acutumine." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2193.

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Acutumine is a tetracyclic alkaloid isolated from the Asian vine Menispermum dauricum with selective T-cell cytotoxicity and antiamnestic properties. We have developed a total synthetic route to this congested alkaloid, during which we also found a novel, stereoselective radical-crossover reaction that combines an intramolecular radical conjugate addition with a subsequent enolate hydroxylation. Key features of this synthesis also include a reagent-controlled diastereoselective ketone allylation, an anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement to form a congested quaternary sterocenter, a pyridine-mediated selective ozonolysis, and a Lewis acid promoted Michael-type cyclization.
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Shamim, Khalida. "I. Total synthesis of stemonine. II. Studies towards the total synthesis of kendomycin." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3243781.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 18, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: B, page: 7099. Adviser: David R. Williams.
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Liu, Qingsong. "Large scale total synthesis of apoptolidinone and progress towards the total synthesis of ammocidin." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1054.

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Zhang, Yan Crimmins Michael T. "Total synthesis of (-)-mucocin and studies toward the asymmetric total synthesis of brianthein A." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1414.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
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Books on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Teerawutgulrag, Aphiwat. Total synthesis of Milbemycin G. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995.

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Watson, Robert John. The total synthesis of aranorosin. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1994.

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Li, Jie Jack, and E. J. Corey, eds. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34065-9.

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ApSimon, John, ed. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129708.

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ApSimon, John, ed. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129715.

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ApSimon, John, ed. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129722.

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Goldsmith, David, Michael C. Pirrung, and Andrew T. Morehead, eds. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129739.

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Goldsmith, David, Michael C. Pirrung, Andrew T. Morehead, and Bruce G. Young, eds. Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129746.

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Zografos, Alexandros L., ed. From Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118754085.

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Matsuoka, Junpei. Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8652-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Kilenyi, S. N. "Asymmetric total synthesis." In Asymmetric Synthesis, 192–229. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1346-5_7.

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Stevens, R. V. "Alkaloid Synthesis." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products, 439–554. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129661.ch3.

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Narang, Saran A., Wing L. Sung, and Robert H. Wightman. "Gene Synthesis." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products, 51–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129692.ch2.

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Higgins, Tyler F., and Jeffrey D. Winkler. "Total Synthesis of Ingenol." In Cutting-Edge Organic Synthesis and Chemical Biology of Bioactive Molecules, 171–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6244-6_8.

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Marqués-López, Eugenia, and Raquel P. Herrera. "Organocatalysis in Total Synthesis." In Comprehensive Enantioselective Organocatalysis, 1359–83. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527658862.ch44.

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Paul, C., and W. A. König. "Total Synthesis of Tamariscene." In Natural Products in the New Millennium: Prospects and Industrial Application, 401–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9876-7_39.

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Giltrap, Andrew. "Total Synthesis of Teixobactin." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products with Antimicrobial Activity, 33–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8806-3_2.

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Heathcock, Clayton H. "Total Synthesis of Sequiterpenes." In Total Synthesis of Natural Products, 197–558. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470129654.ch2.

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Mahrwald, Rainer. "Total Synthesis of Carbohydrates." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 7–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17593-5_2.

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Sakurai, Hidehiro, and Hironobu Nakazawa. "Total Synthesis of C60." In Handbook of Fullerene Science and Technology, 1–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3242-5_21-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Naciuk, Fabrício Fredo, Rebeca Malanzuk, Luiz Antonio Mazzini Fontoura, and Paulo C. M. L. Miranda. "Total Synthesis of Isoellipticine." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013913103848.

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Lasarczyk, Christian W. G., and Wolfgang Banzhaf. "Total synthesis of algorithmic chemistries." In the 2005 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068285.

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Milan, Julio Cesar, Fabrício Fredo Naciuk, and and Paulo Miranda. "Total synthesis of caulibugulone B." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0243-1.

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Milan, Julio Cesar, Fabrício Fredo Naciuk, and and Paulo Miranda. "Total synthesis of caulibugulone B." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0257-2.

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Couture, Axel, Eric Deniau, Pierre Grandclaudon, and Marc Lamblin. "First Total Synthesis of Narceine Imide." In The 10th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-10-01386.

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P.Sant’Ana, Danilo, Renata Marcia de Fiqueiredo, Jean-Marc Campagne, and Luiz Carlos Dias. "Studies toward total synthesis of tautomycetin." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0158-1.

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Barbosa, Jaqueline Rosa C., and Mauricio Moraes Victor. "Strategies for Total Synthesis of Pyrenophorin." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013102145639.

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Sant’Ana, Danilo P., Renata Marcia de Fiqueiredo, Jean-Marc Campagne, and Luiz Carlos Dias. "Studies toward total synthesis of tautomycetin." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013818172811.

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Trauner, Dirk, Johann Mulzer, Jan Bats, Stefanie Porth, and Till Opatz. "Total Synthesis of Morphine- and Hasubanane Alkaloids." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02045.

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Peña, Stella, Laura Scarone, and Gloria Serra. "Towards the Total Synthesis of Aerucyclamide B." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0068-1.

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Reports on the topic "Total synthesis of GA18"

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Buck, Suzanne B., and Gunda Georg. Total Synthesis of Cryptophycin A and Analogs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381236.

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Rubin, Yves F. Total Synthesis of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) and Endohedral Metal Complexes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328578.

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Meng, Dongfang. Strategy Toward the Total Synthesis of Epothilones A and B. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374231.

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Lee, Chul Bom, and S. Danieshafsky. Strategy Toward the Total Synthesis of Epothilones A and B. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392458.

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Avery, Mitchell A. Drug Development of the Antimalarial Agent Artemisinin: Total Synthesis, Analog Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb152141.

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Alexander, Timothy, and Ole Seehausen. Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes. "Projet Lac" synthesis report. Eawag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55408/eawag:24051.

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Projet Lac was a large project conducted by Eawag and the University of Bern to quantitatively survey, for the first time, whole-lake fish communities in the large and deep lakes in and around the European Alps using multiple, standardised sampling methods. Starting in 2010, in total 35 lakes were investigated across Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany and Austria, with more than 106 fish species recorded. This report brings together key findings, compares fish communities among lakes, investigates their relationship to environmental parameters, and provides an overview of drivers of biodiversity and community structure in this important ecosystem.
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.

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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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10

Rogers, Caroline. A synthesis of coral reef research at Buck Island Reef National Monument and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: 1961 to 2022. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294235.

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This synthesis focuses on the history of research on coral reefs within two U.S. National Park Service units in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Buck Island Reef National Monument (from 1961 to 2022) and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (from 1980 to 2022). Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) is off the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1961 and expanded in 2001, it is under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service (NPS). Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and jointly by the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) and the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources (VIDPNR) provide data on trends in living coral cover and specific coral species from 2000 and 2001, respectively. Disease, thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), and hurricanes reduced total coral cover periodically, but cover remained relatively stable from 2007 through the end of 2020. Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) is a national park on the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1992, it is co-managed by the NPS and the Government of the Virgin Islands. Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and by the UVI with the VIDPNR provide data on trends in living coral cover and individual coral species from 2011 and 2001, respectively. In spite of thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), disease, and hurricanes, total coral cover remained relatively stable through the end of 2020. This document also includes results from extensive investigations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and from many individual projects including those based out of the underwater saturation habitats Hydrolab and Aquarius from 1977 to 1989, as well as studies from researchers at Fairleigh Dickinson University’s West Indies Laboratory. While not possible to review all of these in detail, this report highlights information considered useful to managers, and scientists planning future research. In 2021, a particularly virulent disease called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), first noted in 2014 in Florida, and then in 2019 in the U.S. Virgin Islands, started killing corals in BUIS and SARI with the different species showing a gradient of susceptibility. An exact cause or link between this disease and human actions has not been discovered to date. The losses associated with this disease have now exceeded those from any other stressors in these national parks.
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