Academic literature on the topic 'Total soluble solids'
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Journal articles on the topic "Total soluble solids"
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Quadir, M., M. Hickey, A. Boulton, and R. Hoogers. "ACCUMULATION OF TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS IN PROCESSING TOMATOES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 724 (November 2006): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.724.11.
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Acharya, U. K., P. P. Subedi, and K. B. Walsh. "Spectrophotometer aging and prediction of total soluble solids." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1119 (June 2016): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1119.29.
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Kishan, A. G., S. T. Borikar, and S. D. Choudhari. "Total soluble solids content in relation to cytoplasmic diversity in sorghum." Journal of Agricultural Science 114, no. 3 (June 1990): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600072609.
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SUMMARYA study of 76 F1 hybrids involving four sources of cytoplasmic male sterility and 19 male-fertility restorers indicated great diversity among the cytoplasms for total soluble solids. The exploitation of cytoplasms other than milo is recommended for breeding programmes aimed at high total soluble solids content. Most of the Indian restorers showed significant positive general combining ability (GCA) effects, whereas exotic restorers showed negative GCA effects for total soluble solids content.
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Park*, Soon O., Kevin M. Crosby, Jonathan W. Sinclair, Kilsun Yoo, and Leonard M. Pike. "Identification of QTL Affecting Sugars in Ananas Melon." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 774D—774. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.774d.
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Sucrose, fructose, total sugars and soluble solids are major factors in determining mature melon fruit sweetness. Bulked segregant analysis was utilized to detect RAPD markers associated with QTL for sucrose, total sugars and soluble solids in an F2 population from the ananas melon cross of Deltex (high sugars) × TGR1551 (low sugars). Sucrose, glucose, fructose and total sugar data were obtained from 108 F2 plants by means of HPLC. Clear separations for sucrose, total sugars and soluble solids between Deltex and TGR1551 were observed, whereas slight differences for glucose and fructose were found. Continuous distributions for sucrose, total sugars and soluble solids were observed in the F2 population indicating quantitative inheritance for the sweetness traits. A significant negative correlation was observed between sucrose and glucose (r = -25) or fructose (r = -0.31). A significant positive correlation was noted between sucrose and total sugars (r = 0.80) or soluble solids (r = 0.64). Three low and high DNA bulk pairs for sucrose, total sugars and soluble solids were developed. A total of 360 primers were used to simultaneously screen between the low and high bulks, and between Deltex and TGR1551. Sixty-eight RAPD markers were polymorphic for the low and high bulks. Of the 68 markers, 24 were found to be significantly associated with sucrose, total sugars or soluble solids on the basis of single-factor ANOVA. Marker OM15.550 was consistently associated with QTL affecting sucrose, glucose, fructose, total sugars and soluble solids, and accounted for 7% to 25% of the phenotypic variation for the traits. These markers associated with the sugar synthesis QTL could be useful to transfer these genes into a low sugar cultivar to enhance the fruit sweetness.
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Liu, Xiao Ling, Meng Meng Wang, Xue Jing Hu, and Yong Hui Song. "Effect of Total Solids Content on the Biogas Production and Phosphorus Release from Excess Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1006.
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Anaerobic digestion and struvite precipitation were the two effective ways to treat excess sludge for recovering the bioenergy (biogas) and phosphorus. The total solids content played an important role in the biogas production and the phosphorus release. The experimental results showed that cumulative biogas decreased significantly with the increase of total solids content from 5% to 10% but increased subsequently with a further increase of total solids content, and the maximal cumulative biogas was achieved at 5% of total solids. The concentrations of PO43-P and total soluble P varied with total solids content, and the maximal concentrations were obtained under the condition of 20% of total solids, namely 1327 mg·L-1for PO43-P and 1288 mg·L-1for total soluble P. Pearson’s relationship analysis reflected that the released total soluble P was mainly composed of PO43-P during the anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, the maximal yield of PO43-P and the maximal solubilization ratio of total P were achieved at 15% of total solids, and they respectively reached 4.2 mg·g-1and 16.1% with 48% reduction of volatile solids and 40% reduction of total solids after anaerobic digestion.
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Jazaeri, Sahar, Yukio Kakuda, Stephen Gismondi, and Doug G. Wigle. "Comparison of Two Methods for Determination of Tomato Paste Solids: Vacuum Oven versus Microwave Oven." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.4.1206.
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Abstract Two analytical procedures used to determine total, soluble, and insoluble solids in tomato paste were evaluated. The microwave oven (MO) method was compared to the vacuum oven (VO) method. The VO method is tedious and measured the three solids fractions in the paste directly, while the MO method measured the total solids directly but used an equation to calculate the water-soluble and-insoluble solids. The MO method was faster and less labor-intensive, and yielded small but statistically signifcant higher values for total and insoluble solids and lower statistically signifcant values for soluble solids.
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Costa, Danusa Silva da, Geovana Rocha Placido, Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi, and Tainara Leal de Sousa. "Physical and biometric characterization of jabuticaba variety 'Pingo De Mel' oriunda of cerrado goiano." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 5 (April 1, 2020): e146953323. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i5.3323.
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The biometric and physical characterization can provide information on format, yield, concentration of soluble solids. The objective was to characterize physically and biometrically the jabuticaba variety 'Pingo de mel' from the cerrado of Goiás. 200 jaboticaba were used. The content of total soluble solids, longitudinal and transverse diameters, total mass, volume, shape index, density, yield of peeled pulp and the thickness of the peeled pulp were determined. The total soluble solids 15,16 ° Brix, soluble solids content is one of the most important tools to estimate fruit quality. The longitudinal and transverse diameter was 22.25 and 21.56 mm, respectively. The total mass had an average variation because the coefficient of variation was above 20%. Variations can occur due to cultivation techniques and climate can be related to this also variations presented for the volume of this fruit. As for the format index, the fruit was classified as round. The density was 8.35 g mL -1, yield and pulp thickness were already high. Samples of total soluble solids and yield are parameters used as control and selection by the food industry, it means that the fruits in evaluation presented good potential of industrial processing.
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Datta, Om P., and S. C. Datta. "Studies on the histomorphology of leaf galls on Alstonia scholaris L. (Apocynaceae) induced by Pauropsylla tuberculata Crawford." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 01 (June 30, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.1.10.
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Fifteen pure breeding line of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) were crossed with two tester. Genetic analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis and to estimate component of genetic variation for three qualitative traits. The epistasis was important for all the characters under study except total soluble solid in autumn – winter season. Significant estimate of both additive (D) and dominance (H) component were significant for number of seeds/fruit and number of loculs/ fruit for both the seasons except Total soluble Solids which is significant for additive variance in spring-summer season. The F value positive and significant for Total soluble solids showing isodirectional nature of dominance. Significance of additive component and F parameter showing increasing effect on the character indicating that pedigree selection would be effective for the improvement of such traits.
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Singh, J. P. "Genetics of qualitative characters in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.10.
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Fifteen pure breeding line of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) were crossed with two tester. Genetic analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis and to estimate component of genetic variation for three qualitative traits. The epistasis was important for all the characters under study except total soluble solid in autumn – winter season. Significant estimate of both additive (D) and dominance (H) component were significant for number of seeds/fruit and number of loculs/ fruit for both the seasons except Total soluble Solids which is significant for additive variance in spring-summer season. The F value positive and significant for Total soluble solids showing isodirectional nature of dominance. Significance of additive component and F parameter showing increasing effect on the character indicating that pedigree selection would be effective for the improvement of such traits.
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Akbulut, M., H. Çoklar, and G. Özen. "Rheological Characteristics of Juniperus drupacea Fruit Juice (pekmez) Concentrated by Boiling." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 4 (August 2008): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208097193.
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Rheological parameters of Juniperus drupacea fruit pekmez were evaluated using a rotational viscometer at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C and at concentrations of 62.8, 68.9, 72.0, and 75.2% total soluble solids. The flow characteristics of Juniperus drupacea fruit pekmez were described by the power law and Herschel—Bulkley models. The Herschel—Bulkley model was found to be the best to describe the rheological property with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.993. Juniperus drupacea pekmez exhibited a time-independent shear thickening behavior. The effect of temperature on viscosity can be described by means of an Arrhenius equation. Depending on the soluble solid contents, the activation energies for flow of diluted samples vary from 78.23 to 60.38 kJ/mol. The effect of soluble solids on viscosity can be described by an exponential equation. Experimental data were fitted to several models in order to describe the effect of temperature and soluble solid content. The combined effect of temperature and soluble solid content on viscosity was also formulated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Total soluble solids"
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Servakaranpalayam, S. Sivakumar. "Potential applications of hyperspectral imaging for the determination of total soluble solids, water content and firmness in mango." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98796.
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The application of hyperspectral imaging technique in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm to estimate some of the maturity parameters of mangoes was investigated. Mangoes with different quality levels were grouped using principle component analysis (PCA). Feature wavelengths were identified to predict total soluble solids content, water content and firmness using simple correlation, first derivative, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and measured values. Calibration models were developed using the selected wavelengths from correlation coefficients, first derivative, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and corresponding maturity parameters employing artificial neural network model to predict total soluble solids content, water content and firmness of the fruit. Performance of the models was compared using the correlation coefficient (r) values. Fruit firmness was predicted with high correlation coefficient (r=0.88) followed by water content (r=0.81) and total soluble solids (r=0.78) using wavelengths selected from simple correlation of first derivative data with the parameters and ANN model. The results of the study demonstrated the scope for further research on maturity and quality evaluation of fruits using hyperspectral imaging technique.
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McKean, Thomas. "Effects of Soilless Substrate Systems and Environmental Conditions on Yield, Total Soluble Solids, and Titratable Acidity of Greenhouse Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566167238648805.
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Petje, Kgomoamogodi Felix. "Determination of fruit yield and fruit quality in marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) selections." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072009-130342.
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Long, Robert Llewellyn, and bizarrealong@hotmail com. "Improving fruit soluble solids content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (reticulatus group) in the Australian production system." Central Queensland University. Biological and Environmental Science, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20051019.144749.
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Total soluble solids (TSS) is a reliable indicator of melon eating quality, with a minimum standard of 10% recommended. The state of Australian melon production with respect to this quality criterion was considered within seasons, between growing districts and over seasons. It was concluded that improvement in agronomic practice and varietal selection is required to produce sweeter melons. The scientific literature addressing melon physiology and agronomy was summarised, as a background to the work that is required to improve melon production practices in Australia.
The effect of source sink manipulation was assessed for commercially grown and glasshouse grown melon plants. The timing of fruit thinning, pollination scheduling, the application of a growth inhibitor and source biomass removal were assessed in relation to fruit growth and sugar accumulation. Results are interpreted against a model in which fruit rapidly increase in weight until about two weeks before harvest, with sugar accumulation continuing as fruit growth ceases. Thus treatment response is very dependant on timing of application. For example, fruit thinning at 25 days before harvest resulted in further fruit set and increased fruit weight but did not impact on fruit TSS (at 9.8%, control 9.3%), while thinning at 5 days before harvest resulted in a significant (Pless than 0.05) increase in fruit TSS (to 10.8%, control 9.3%) and no increase in fruit weight or number. A cost/ benefit analysis is presented, allowing an estimation of the increase in sale price required to sustain the implementation of fruit thinning.
The effect of irrigation scheduling was also considered with respect to increasing melon yield and quality. To date, recommended practice has been to cause an irrigation deficit close to fruit harvest, with the intent of 'drying out' or 'stressing' the plant, to 'bring on' maturity and increase sugar accumulation. Irrigation trials showed that keeping plants stress-free close to harvest and during harvest, facilitated the production of sweeter fruit.
The maintenance of a TSS grade standard using either batch based (destructive) sampling or (non-invasive) grading of individual fruit is discussed. On-line grading of individual fruit is possible using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), but the applicability of the technique to melons has received little published attention. Tissue sampling strategy was optimised, in relation to the optical geometry used (in commercial operation in Australia), both in terms of the diameter and depth of sampled tissue. NIR calibration model performance was superior when based on the TSS of outer, rather than inner mesocarp tissue. However the linear relationship between outer and middle tissue TSS was strong (r2 = 0.8) in immature fruit, though less related in maturing fruit (r2 = 0.5). The effect of fruit storage (maturation/senescence) on calibration model performance was assessed. There was a negligible effect of fruit cold storage on calibration performance.
Currently, the agronomist lacks a cost-effective tool to rapidly assess fruit TSS in the field. Design parameters for such a tool were established, and several optical front ends compared for rapid, though invasive, analysis. Further, for visualisation of the spatial distribution of tissue TSS within a melon fruit, a two-dimensional, or hyper-spectral NIR imaging system based on a low cost 8-bit charge coupled device (CCD) camera and filter arrangement, was designed and characterised.
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Chmil, Vojtěch. "Základní chemické vlastnosti plodů vybraných odrůd třešní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401849.
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Diploma thesis is focused on chemical characteristics of nine selected sweet cherry varieties in nine parameters. Total and soluble solids were analyzed with these results 13.07–16.58 % for total and 14.67–19.50 °Brix for soluble solids, ash content 0,31–0,39 %, titratable acidity 5.44–9.91 g of malic acid per 1 kg of fresh cherries and formol number 14.45–23.73 ml of 0.1 M NaOH per 100 g of cherries. Then there were analyzed crude proteins content calculated from total nitrogen content determined by Kjeldahl method with results 0.41–0.68 % of crude proteins. Molecular absorption UV/VIS spectrophotometry was used for determination of total phenolic substances 0.30–0.89 g of gallic acid per 1 kg of cherries and total content of anthocyanins 128–848 mg of cyanidine-3-glucoside in 1 kg of cherries. Saccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ELSD detector. Content of glucose was 45.45–59.49 g/kg and fructose 46.88–60.01 g/kg. All results are compiled using tables and graphs and discussed. Experimental part of the thesis also describes principles and procedures of every analysis, so it can be reproduced. In theoretical part there is described botanical characteristic of cherry tree (Prunus avium L.), active substances contained in its fruits and their use in food industry. At the end of the theoretical part there is described instrumentation of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Radünz, André Luiz. "Avaliação das Variáveis Meteorológicas e do Manejo sobre a Qualidade e Produtividade de videiras cultivadas sob base familiar em Pelotas/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2354.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-16In order to reach the strengthening and the development of family agriculture as well as the premise of diversification of the productive sources, there appears as an alternative the cultivation of common vineyards destined to the production of home-grown wine, juices and derivatives. Attempts were made to evaluate the existing relationships among local meteorological variables and handling practices, dry pruning and green pruning and the effects on phenological behavior, productive aspects and on the quality of the cultivated grape under the conditions of the region of Pelotas/RS. For this purpose, a family based agricultural property was selected located in the 8TH district of Pelotas/RS, in which the experiment was carried out and where the experimental delineation was composed for a (2 x 2 x 2) factorial, these being: (Bordô and BRS Violeta) cultivar, period of dry pruning (normal and late) and green pruning (with and without defoliation). Evaluations were carried out during harvest of total soluble solids, of the mass of clusters, of the number of clusters of grapes per cluster and production per plant. Moreover, global solar radiation was measured in each treatment, reflected by the canopy and available at the level of clusters as well as the daily temperature of the vineyards, Results demonstrate that the period of dry pruning affected the production and the accumulation of total soluble solids and on cv. BRS Violeta, only the total soluble solids. When relating the period of dry pruning with defoliation over total soluble solids, these differed only in the treatment with defoliation, being greater in the late period. Defoliation carried out on cv. Bordô reduced the number of grapes per cluster. However, it increased weight of the clusters and presented no differences for the BRS Violeta . Defoliation associated with the normal period increased the production per plant and the number of clusters on Bordô and presented no differences on the cv. BRS Violeta. The results demonstration that the average albedo presented short variation 0,287, 0,280, 0,295, 0,297, 0,304 e 0,287 for the respectively treatments BNC, BTC, BTS, VNC, VTC and VTS, being B e V refer of the cultivars Bordô and BRS Violeta, N and T of the dry pruning and C and S with and without. The cv. BRS Violeta presented greater availability of solar radiation at the level of clusters and higher rate of total soluble solids during harvest when compared with cv. Bordô. The period of dry pruning did not represent difference in the quantity of solar radiation available at the level of clusters but the defoliation propitiated increase in incident radiation a the level of clusters for cv. Bordô and BRS Violeta. Solar radiation available at the level of clusters showed itself related to the accumulation of total soluble solids, being greater when the available radiation was greater on cv. Bordô.
A fim de atingir o fortalecimento e o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar e a premissa da diversificação da matriz produtiva das unidades familiares, tem-se como alternativa o cultivo de videiras comuns destinadas à produção de vinhos coloniais, sucos e derivados. Buscou-se avaliar as relações existentes entre variáveis meteorológicas locais e as práticas de manejo, poda seca e poda verde, e seus efeitos no comportamento fenológico, nos aspectos produtivos e na qualidade da uva cultivada nas condições da região de Pelotas/RS. Para tanto, foi selecionada uma propriedade agrícola familiar localizada no 8º Distrito de Pelotas/RS, na qual foi realizado o experimento, sendo o delineamento experimental composto por um fatorial (2 x 2 x 2), sendo estes: cultivar (Bordô e BRS Violeta); época de poda seca (normal e tardia); e poda verde (com e sem desfolha). Foram realizadas durante a colheita avaliações de sólidos solúveis totais, da massa dos cachos, do número de cachos e de bagas por cacho e da produção por planta. Ainda em cada tratamento foi medida a radiação solar global, refletida pelo dossel e disponível ao nível dos cachos e também a temperatura diária no vinhedo. Os resultados demonstram que a época da poda seca exerceu influência sobre o comportamento fenológico, sobre a necessidade térmica e o número de dias para completar o ciclo. Na cv. Bordô a época da poda seca afetou a produção e o acúmulo de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e na cv. BRS Violeta apenas o SST. Ao relacionar a época da poda seca com a desfolha, sobre os sólidos solúveis totais, estes diferiram apenas no tratamento com desfolha, sendo maior na época tardia. A desfolha realizada na cultivar Bordô reduziu o número de bagas por cacho, entretanto aumentou o peso de cachos e sem diferenças para a BRS Violeta . A desfolha associada à época normal aumentou a produção por planta e o número de cachos na Bordô e sem diferenças para a cultivar BRS Violeta. O albedo médio para os tratamentos BNC, BTC, BTS, VNC, VTC e VTS foi respectivamente, 0,287, 0,280, 0,295, 0,297, 0,304 e 0,287. A cultivar BRS Violeta apresentou maior disponibilidade de radiação solar ao nível dos cachos e maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais na colheita quando comparada a cultivar Bordô. A época de poda seca não representou diferença na quantidade de radiação solar disponível ao nível dos cachos, já a realização da desfolha propiciou aumento na radiação que incide ao nível dos cachos para a cv. Bordô. A radiação solar disponível ao nível dos cachos mostrou-se relacionada ao acúmulo de sólidos solúveis totais, sendo maior este acúmulo quando a radiação disponível foi maior na cultivar Bordô.
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Sedláčková, Lucie. "Možnost dalšího využití bezinkových výlisků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401852.
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This Diploma thesis talks about the production of concentrates and lyophilisate from the extract of elderberry moldlings (elderberry, Sambuvus nigra L.) and by determination by chosen chemical characteristics of these products. The theoretical part includes the botanical characteristics of the plant species Sambucus nigra L. Next is the part that is dedicated to biologicaly active substances found in elderberry and it‘s possible usage in the food industry. Next is the part where the extraction, purification and indentification of anthocyanic dyes are described. In the next part is the analyrical method HPLC described, including the description of instrumentation. The last part talks about the description of the used methods: methods for the concentration of the extract, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, determination of phenolic compounds, determination of dry matter, determination of active acidity and the overall titrating acidity. The experimental part contained the optimalization of the process of producing the extract from elderberry moldings. The extract obtained was then concentrated for preservation and characterization purposes based on selected chemical properties. The total content of anthocyanin dyes was chosen as a quality parameter. The most suitable process for the preparation of the extract was chosen to be the ratio of moldings and solvent 1:2, 4 (m/V). The most suitable solvent was chosen to be a mixture of water and ethanol in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V). According to the needs of the submitter, an extract with the use of water as the extraction agent is also provided. The prepared extract was then concentrated on a vacuum evaporator or lyophilized for storage purposes. The dye degradation while using the evaporator was the lowest in a 40 ° C water bath. The final products were characterized by the determination of soluble solids, pH, titration acidity, total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanin dyes. The anthocyanin pigments contained identified by liquid chromatography are: cyanidine-3-sambubioside, cyanidine-3-glucoside, cyanidine-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside, and cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside The total content of anthocyanins in the concentrate was determined to be equivalent to cyanidine-3-glucoside at 2.8 gl-1 and in the lyophilisate 2.5 gl-1.
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Diblíková, Michaela. "Vybrané nutriční parametry některých druhů méně známého ovoce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240528.
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Diploma thesis is focused on the chemical analysis of the juices of black, red and white currant and jostaberry (Ribes a Ribes x culverwellii). The theoretical part is focused to the definition of fruit, fruit importance in human nutrition, description of Ribes and Ribes x culverwellii genuses, active substances in the currants and the jostaberry, description of selected chemical parameters and the determination of some of them. The procedures of determining for the following chemical parameters are described in the experimental section: determination of reducing sugars, determination of total and soluble solids, formol number, pH, titratable acidity, determination of total phenols and anthocyanins and determination of vitamin C in two samples jostaberry, six varieties of black currants, one variety of white currant and two varieties of red currants. Based on the evaluation of the obtained results, the comparison was made with different varieties and the thesis that "overall comparison of the different varieties in the content of phenolic compounds, vitamin C and anthocyanins appears to be the most promising variety of blackcurrant demon. It should however be noted that the highest content of phenolics and anthocyanins were determined in jostaberry„ has been suggested.
Book chapters on the topic "Total soluble solids"
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du Preez, Rosemary J. "Fruit set, development and maturation." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 203–13. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0010.
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Abstract This chapter describes the guava fruit as well as the fruit set, growth, drop, harvesting, yield and quality (total soluble solids, total acids and ascorbic acid). Understanding the phenological cycle of guava and the effect of management practices on yield and fruit quality allows management practices to be modified to develop strategies which should lead to productivity gains for different pruning or chemical application times. As the effects of various treatments and times of application on yield and fruit quality for different cultivars and climatic zones are known, it is possible to decide on the optimum time to apply treatments knowing what the quality of the fruit will be, the time that the fruit will be harvested, expected yield and the critical times to apply management practices.
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Gupta, Garima, Manoj Datta, G. V. Ramana, and B. J. Alappat. "Estimation of Total Soluble Solids in MSW Incineration Bottom Ash by Higher Dilution Method: Assessment for Geotechnical Reuse." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 427–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6370-0_38.
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Verdugo-Vásquez, N., C. Acevedo-Opazo, H. Valdés-Gómez, B. Ingram, I. García de Cortázar, and B. Tisseyre. "Temporal stability of within-field variability for total soluble solids in four irrigated grapevines cultivars growing under semi-arid conditions." In Precision agriculture '15, 471–78. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-814-8_58.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0246.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0013.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "Nucleation and Growth of Solid Oxide and Hydroxide Phases." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0013.
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In this chapter, we consider what happens when solids begin to form from solution. To grow solids from solution, solution conditions are changed from a condition in which all species are completely soluble to a condition in which they are insoluble. In the context of hydrolysis diagrams, the solution composition moves in pH and total dissolved metal concentration from a regime below a solubility or saturation limit (given by the bold solid line in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3) to a regime above this limit where the solution is supersaturated. Supersaturated solutions are inherently unstable and have the potential to generate hydroxide or oxide solids. Sometimes these solutions can be maintained in a metastable state in which precipitation does not occur immediately. However, Mother Nature eventually reduces the energy of the solution by forming a stable mixture of solids plus solution species. As solids form, soluble complexes are removed from solution until concentrations drop back to the solubility limit. The precipitation of a solid from an aqueous solution is a surprisingly complex process, involving nucleation and growth phenomena that occur at nanometer-length scales. Nucleation involves reactions between oligomers to form new clusters or particles that are sufficiently large that they do not redissolve spontaneously via the reversible reactions denoted in hydrolysis diagrams. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation processes represent events that occur within the bulk solution or at the interface of another phase, respectively. Growth involves the addition of monomers to clusters in solution or oligomers to existing particles or surfaces. The combination of nucleation and growth phenomena can lead to oxides exhibiting a bewildering range of sizes, shapes, and crystal structures. How do metal complexes decide whether to form a new particle or add to an existing particle? What determines the size, shape, and crystal structure of evolving particles? Do the particles aggregate with one another in an organized fashion? Because nucleation typically involves extremely rapid (<1 millisecond) events involving objects that are extremely small (on the order of a nanometer), it is difficult to probe such phenomena at a molecular level.
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Tinker, Peter B., and Peter Nye. "Soil and Plant Water." In Solute Movement in the Rhizosphere. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195124927.003.0006.
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Water is of central importance in the transport of solutes, whether by diffusion or mass flow, and whether in soils or plants (Lösch 1995). It is also extremely important for the biota that live in the soil (Parr et al. 1981). Water is an unusual component of the environment, because its structure suggests it should be a gas at normal temperatures rather than a liquid, and it is the only common compound in the biosphere that occurs to a significant extent in the vapour, liquid and solid phases. We begin this chapter with a very brief statement of the thermodynamic approach to the study of water, which defines the water potential. Without an understanding of chemical potentials, it is difficult to deal with the relationships of ions and water in the soil and the plant. Therefore, in this chapter we give an introduction to this subject with special reference to water, which we then take further in chapters 4 and 5. A clear exposition of this is given in Nobel (1991). The concept of chemical potential is fundamental. It is a measure of the energy state of a particular compound in a particular system, and hence of the ability of a unit amount of the compound to perform work and thereby cause change. In particular, the difference in potential at different points in a system gives a measure of the tendency of the component to move from the region with the high potential to the region with the low potential. A component of a system can have various forms of potential energy in this sense, all of which contribute to the total chemical potential. Here, we exclude chemical reaction energy and kinetic energy. The main forms of energy that contribute to the chemical potential of a specified compound or material are due to its concentration (which may release energy on dilution), to its compression (which may perform work on expansion), to its position in an electrical field (which may release energy if the component is electrically charged and moves within the field), and to its position in the gravitational field (which may release energy as the component moves downwards).
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Li, Jie Jack. "Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor)." In Top Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362585.003.0005.
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To the human body, cholesterol (2) is a Janus-faced molecule. On the one hand, it is an indispensable building block for life—about 23% of total body cholesterol resides in the brain, making up one-tenth of the solid substance of the brain. Red blood cell membranes are also rich in cholesterol, which helps stabilize the cell membranes and protect cells. Furthermore, cholesterol is also the precursor of hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. On the other hand, cholesterol helps plaque buildup, which constricts or blocks arteries, leading to angina, heart attack, stroke, and many other cardiovascular diseases. To date, the experimental, genetic, and epidemiologic evidence all point to escalating cholesterol levels as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Other major risk factors include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and inactive lifestyle. Depending on different water-soluble carriers, cholesterol could have starkly opposing effects on the heart. Cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often known as “bad” cholesterol, is the fundamental carrier of blood cholesterol to body cells. It can slowly build up in the walls of the arteries feeding the brain and heart and can form plaques. In contrast, cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), frequently dubbed “good” cholesterol, is a carrier that takes cholesterol away from the arteries and brings it to the liver, where it can be removed from circulation by metabolism. The higher the levels of HDL, the better. In general, women have higher levels of HDL, which may explain why women have longer life expectations than men. Their higher levels of estrogen are somehow correlated to higher HDL-cholesterol levels. Many attempts have been made to lower cholesterol levels. In the 1950s and 1960s, estrogen was tried but was quickly abandoned because it caused feminizing side effects on men. Thyroid hormone also had unacceptable side effects, such as trembling. Resins such as cholestyramine were used as bile acid sequestrants, or bile acid binding resins. The approach was not popular in patients because they were difficult to swallow—literally.
Conference papers on the topic "Total soluble solids"
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BORGES, V. E., T. G. SOBRINHO, P. F. SILVA, R. M. MATOS, J. G. RAMOS, and M. S. S. FARIAS. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEX SPAD, TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS AND TOTAL CHLOROPHYLATE IN NITROGEN FERTIRRIGATED BEET." In IV Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/ESALQ-USP/ABID/UFRB/INCT-EI/INCTSal/INSTITUTO FUTURE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7127/iv-inovagri-meeting-2017-res1030177.
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Klinbumrung, Nutsinee, and Sontisuk Teerachaichayut. "Quantification of acidity and total soluble solids in guavas by near infrared hyperspectral imaging." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066850.
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Liu, Yande, Yibin Ying, and Huishan Lu. "Optical method for predicting total soluble solids in pears using radial basis function networks." In Optics East, edited by Yud-Ren Chen and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.569967.
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Onnom, Poonnada, and Sontisuk Teerachaichayut. "Development of calibration models to predict texture and total soluble solids in jelly using hyperspectral imaging." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066852.
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Mohamed Elsayed Abuarab, Mohamed Mohamed Shahien, and Ahmed Mahrous Hassan. "Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and phosphorus fertilizers on yield, water use efficiency and total soluble solids of tomato." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131559786.
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VIŠKELIS, Jonas, Marina RUBINSKIENĖ, Dalia URBONAVIČIENĖ, Ramunė BOBINAITĖ,, and Pranas VIŠKELIS,. "OPTIMAL POSTHARVEST STORAGE PARAMETERS AND SHELF LIFE OF BABY SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.)." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.024.
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This work was done to evaluate the optimal postharvest storage parameters and shelf life of baby spinach. Baby spinach (50 g) was sealed in three different polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) packaging materials: 30 m (PP), 35 m (PE) & 40 m (PE), and were stored in darkness for 3 and 9 days at 0 °C, 4 °C, 8 °C & 16 °C ( 1 °C). Total content of phenolics, soluble solids, nitrates, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid & spinach color (CIEL*a*b*) were measured by standard methods after 3 and 9 days of storage. Baby spinach stored at 0 1 °C and 4 1 °C showed the best visual quality. Storage temperature had significant influence on spinach colour, but the influence of packaging was not so strong. The content of soluble solids, ascorbic acid and nitrates decreased during storage. The highest amount of ascorbic acid was retained when baby spinach were stored in 40 m PE bags at 0 1 °C. When baby spinach was stored at higher temperatures (4 °C, 8 °C & 16 °C), the decrease in the amount of ascorbic acid ranged from 55 % to 69 %. Baby spinach stored for 9 days at 0 °C & 4 °C showed high visual and biochemical quality. Higher amounts of soluble solids and ascorbic acid were found in spinach stored in 40 m PE bags. Keywords: postharvest storage, spinach, Spinacia oleracea L.
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Rauckyte-Żak, Terese, Beata Gorczyca, and Sławomir Żak. "Filtrates and Sludge Generated in the Physicochemical Treatment of Wastewater from the Lead-Acid Batteries Production." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.675.
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Total lead (TPb) exists in Crude Wastewater (CW) from production of Lead-Acid Batteries (LABs) in water (WPb) and solid phase (SPb) as colloids and suspended solids. Sludges produced in chemical treatment of these wastewater were dewatered in Chamber Pressure Press (CPP). Samples of dewatered sludges (Ss) were analyzed with Toxicological Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) to determine concentration of Pb in the extract (Ex(TCLP)). Selected sludges were also analyzed using Tessier’s procedure for fractions. Concentration of lead in filtrates (Fs) as well as in the sludges were different, depending on the mechanisms involved in converting soluble lead to its less soluble forms. Sludges produced in chemical treatment with 10% NaOH and Lime Milk (LM), CaO or Ca(OH)2, followed by coagulation with (Ixonos Na3T ®) contained lowest concentration of lead. The TPb in filtrates below 0.4 mg/L at pH > 8.90±0.3, and Ex(TCLP) of less than 5.0 mg/L were obtained in this treatment. Potential recovery of lead from sludges have been investigated.
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"Machine vision analysis for industrial beet color change kinetics and total soluble solid content." In 2014 ASABE Intersectional Meeting South Dakota. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/sd14008.
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Banacky, Pavol, Stefan Buchta, Milan Zatkulak, Milan Breza, and Arnold Adamek. "Method and Technology Applied at the Processing and Stabilization of Intermediate-Level Radioactive Chromate-Sulphuric Acid Within the Project of Decommissioning of the Nuclear Power Plant-A1 at Jaslovske Bohunice." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1311.
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Abstract At the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant A1 (NPP-A1) at Jaslovske Bohunice, the radioactive (RA) waste of different physical and chemical characteristics has to be treated. A part of this waste cannot be stabilized directly by standard – running technologies for RA waste treatment installed in Jaslovske Bohunice. Among the most specific was, an extremely reactive, concentrated chromate-sulphuric acid (CSA) that had been used as a strong oxidizing agent for cleaning technological heavy-water tanks more than 15 years ago. Prior to solve the problem of radioactive elements stabilization for long-term disposal, it was necessary to solve the problem of CSA chemical stabilization. With respect to radiation safety regulations, the direct neutralization of CSA with strong bases was excluded from the very beginning because of the extremely strong exothermic character of the reaction and the possibility of thermal explosion. After laboratory experiments, with both the inactive simulants and real CSA, the neutralization of undiluted CSA with a hydrate of secondary salt of ortho-phosphoric acid was found to be the best solution. The reaction of 96 w% sulphuric acid/CSA with a powder form of the phosphate salt is calm, fast enough, slightly exothermic, and yields the reaction product in the powder form. More over, the main part of the radioactive elements that are contaminants of the CSA undergo during this process chemical transformation into very slightly soluble phosphate structures. The powder form of the reaction product is, in the next step, immobilized into the solid matrix by cementation technology. Besides the Portland cement (PC), the powder of calcium hydroxide is also introduced. This reacts in the cement slurry with primary phosphates and converts them into less soluble secondary phosphates, and also enables to form apatite structures at the process of cement slurry hardening. As a result, the contaminating radioactive ions, are immobilized not only physically within the solid matrix, but they are also chemically bound into stable and very slightly soluble chemical structures. Based on the described method, the technology was build-up in the area of the nuclear power plant. The core of the technology is the chemical reactor with the coat-cooler, stirring device, and input jets for liquid media, input device for solid/powder media and output device for emptying the reactor vessel. The technological process is managed from the central control board. Processed CSA is injected/spaterred into the reactor vessel with stirred phosphate salt. After finishing neutralization reaction, indicated by the time-dependent temperature profile, the powders of PC and calcium hydroxide are introduced and homogenized with the reaction product. The last step is an injection of water, formation of cement slurry that is permanently stirred, and finally emptied-out into 200 l barrel where slurry is left to harden. By this, cyclic batch-based technological regime, the total amount of stored-contaminated CSA was processed, and 20 barrels, each of 200 l, of immobilized/stabilized – hardened radioactive waste have been prepared for long-term disposal. The amount of embedded salts into the cement matrix was chosen as to fulfill the acceptance criteria for the Slovak radioactive waste repository at Mochovce.
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Shirai, Katsuaki, Shoichiro Kaji, Shigeo Hosokawa, Tsuyoshi Kawanami, and Shigeki Hirasawa. "Experimental Investigation on the Electrokinetic Motions of Colloidal Particles at an Interfacial Boundary Between Solid and Liquid." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5006.
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Abstract We investigate electrokinetic behavior of colloidal particles in the vicinity of a solid-liquid interface. Colloidal liquids are expected to be used as thermal transport media for heat transfer applications such as nanofluids and phase change emulsions. They contain submicrometer-sized particles in liquid, and electrokinetic behavior of the solute particles should play an important role in the heat transfer between solid-liquid interfacing boundaries. However, experimental investigation of the behavior remains difficult due to the required spatial resolution beyond diffraction limit. We developed a measurement system based on laser Doppler principle using an interference of evanescent waves generated at total internal reflections of incident lasers at a solid wall. The system was developed for the measurement of velocities of colloidal particles at an interfacing boundary of colloidal liquid and a solid wall. The system has a unique advantage of a high spatial resolution in the direction perpendicular to the boundary due to the short penetration depth of an evanescent wave in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The principle and performance of the measurement system were investigated using a scanning probe in the measurement volume. We experimentally confirmed the validity of the measurement and characterized the uncertainty of velocity measurement. The system was further applied in a series of measurements of alumina particles dispersed in water in a square-shaped cell under induced electric fields. The measured velocities are proportional to the field strengths at different particle concentrations. The linear relationship is consistent with theoretical predictions, which demonstrates the feasibility of the system for the measurement of velocities of colloidal particles in the near wall region.
Reports on the topic "Total soluble solids"
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.