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Journal articles on the topic 'Total internal reflection objective'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Burghardt, Thomas P., Andrew D. Hipp, and Katalin Ajtai. "Around-the-objective total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy." Applied Optics 48, no. 32 (November 2, 2009): 6120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.006120.

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Burghardt, Thomas P., Andrew D. Hipp, and Katalin Ajtai. "Around-the-Objective Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (January 2010): 177a—178a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.949.

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3

Joo, C., and T. Ha. "Objective-Type Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (Excitation) for Single-Molecule FRET." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2012, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): pdb.prot072025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot072025.

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4

Joo, C., and T. Ha. "Objective-Type Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (Emission) for Single-Molecule FRET." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2012, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): pdb.prot072033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot072033.

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5

Burghardt, Thomas P. "Measuring incidence angle for through-the-objective total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy." Journal of Biomedical Optics 17, no. 12 (December 3, 2012): 126007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.17.12.126007.

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Velinov, Tzvetan, Yana Asenovska, Dessislava Marinkova, Lyubov Yotova, Stoyanka Stoitsova, Maria Bivolarska, and Lyuba Stavitskaya. "Total internal reflection imaging of microorganism adhesion using an oil immersion objective." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 88, no. 1 (November 2011): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.022.

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7

Abe, Katsuyuki. "Ultra High Numerical Aperture Objective Lenses and Optical System Improved Objective Type Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy." membrane 27, no. 5 (2002): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.27.290.

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8

Ekgasit, Sanong, and Pimthong Thongnopkun. "Novel Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy Using a Gem Quality Diamond as an Internal Reflection Element." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 10 (October 2005): 1236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370205774430972.

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A novel technique for attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectral acquisition by an infrared microscope with a gem-quality faceted diamond as an internal reflection element (IRE) is introduced. Unlike conventional IREs, the novel diamond IRE has a sharp tip configuration instead of a flat tip configuration. Light at normal incidence was coupled into the diamond while the transflected radiation from the diamond was collected through the table facet by the built-in 15× Cassegrainian objective. The number of reflections in the novel diamond IRE equals two. The evanescent field generated under total internal reflection at the pavilion facet was exploited for ATR spectral acquisition of materials attached to the IRE. The observed ATR spectra were compared to those obtained via a traditional zinc selenide IRE.

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Niederauer, Christian, Philipp Blumhardt, Jonas Mücksch, Michael Heymann, Armin Lambacher, and Petra Schwille. "Direct characterization of the evanescent field in objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy." Optics Express 26, no. 16 (July 27, 2018): 20492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.020492.

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10

Lee, Ja Yil, Shul-Kee Kim, and Seok-Cheol Hong. "Characterization of the Evanescent Field in Objective-Based Total-Internal-Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 50, no. 5 (May 15, 2007): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.50.1340.

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Burghardt, Thomas P., Katalin Ajtai, and Julian Borejdo. "In Situ Single-Molecule Imaging with Attoliter Detection Using Objective Total Internal Reflection Confocal Microscopy†." Biochemistry 45, no. 13 (April 2006): 4058–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi052097d.

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12

Mattheyses, Alexa L., and Daniel Axelrod. "Direct measurement of the evanescent field profile produced by objective-based total internal reflection fluorescence." Journal of Biomedical Optics 11, no. 1 (2006): 014006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2161018.

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13

Chung, Euiheon, Daekeun Kim, and Peter T. So. "Extended resolution wide-field optical imaging: objective-launched standing-wave total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy." Optics Letters 31, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.000945.

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14

Tokunaga, Makio, Kazuo Kitamura, Kiwamu Saito, Atsuko Hikikoshi Iwane, and Toshio Yanagida. "Single Molecule Imaging of Fluorophores and Enzymatic Reactions Achieved by Objective-Type Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 235, no. 1 (June 1997): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6732.

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15

BAI, YONGQIANG, AIHUI TANG, SHIQIANG WANG, and XING ZHU. "VISUALIZING Ca2+ SPARKS AND SUBSTRUCTURE OF Ca2+ WAVES BY TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY (TIRFM)." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (December 2006): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005030.

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Based on near-field optical theory, total internal reflection fluorescence microscope shows a novel character that its picture has great signal-to-noise ratio and high temporal resolution achieved by high quality CCD camera. This allows us to analyze the spatiotemporal details of local Ca 2+ dynamics within the nanoscale microdomain surrounding different Ca 2+ channels. We have recently constructed a versatile objective TIRFM equipped with a high numerical aperture (NA = 1.45) objective. Using fluo-4 as the Ca 2+ indicator, we visualized the near-membrane profiles of Ca 2+ waves and elementary Ca 2+ sparks generated by Ca 2+ release channels in rat ventricular myocytes. Different from those detected using conventional or confocal microscopy, Ca 2+ waves observed with TIRFM exhibited fine inhomogenous substructures. The propagation of Ca 2+ waves with anfractuous routes of spark recruitment is much more complicated than previously imagined. We believe that TIRFM will provide a unique tool for dissecting the microscopic mechanisms of intracellular Ca 2+ signaling.

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16

Bartick, Edward G., and John A. Reffner. "Forensic applications of IR infrared microscopic internal reflection spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132273.

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Since the introduction of commercial Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopic systems in 1983, IR microscopy has developed as an important analytical tool in research, industry and forensic analysis. Because of the frequent encounter of small quantities of physical evidence found at crime scenes, spectroscopic IR microscopes have proven particularly valuable for forensic applications. Transmittance and reflectance measurements have proven very useful. Reflection-absorption, specular reflection, and diffuse reflection have all been applied. However, it has been only very recently that an internal reflection (IRS) objective has been commercially introduced.The IRS method, also known as attenuated total reflection (ATR), has proven very useful for IR analysis of standard size samples. The method has been applied to adhesive tapes, plastic explosives, and general applications in the analysis of opaque materials found as evidence. The small quantities or uncontaminated areas of specimens frequently found requiring forensic analysis will often be directly applicable to microscopic IRS analysis.

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Nishida, Shuhei, Yutaka Funabashi, and Atsushi Ikai. "Combination of AFM with an objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) for nanomanipulation of single cells." Ultramicroscopy 91, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3991(02)00108-0.

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18

Enoki, Sawako, Ryota Iino, Nobuhiro Morone, Kunihiro Kaihatsu, Shouichi Sakakihara, Nobuo Kato, and Hiroyuki Noji. "Label-Free Single-Particle Imaging of the Influenza Virus by Objective-Type Total Internal Reflection Dark-Field Microscopy." PLoS ONE 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2012): e49208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049208.

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19

Paige, M. F., E. J. Bjerneld, and W. E. Moerner. "A Comparison of Through-the-Objective Total Internal Reflection Microscopy and Epifluorescence Microscopy for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging." Single Molecules 2, no. 3 (October 2001): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-5171(200110)2:3<191::aid-simo191>3.0.co;2-k.

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20

Lin, Jia, and Adam D. Hoppe. "Uniform Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Illumination Enables Live Cell Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 2 (March 11, 2013): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612014420.

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AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a powerful technique to quantify dynamic protein-protein interactions in live cells. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy can selectively excite molecules within about 150 nm of the glass-cell interface. Recently, these two approaches were combined to enable high-resolution FRET imaging on the adherent surface of living cells. Here, we show that interference fringing of the coherent laser excitation used in TIRF creates lateral heterogeneities that impair quantitative TIRF-FRET measurements. We overcome this limitation by using a two-dimensional scan head to rotate laser beams for donor and acceptor excitation around the back focal plane of a high numerical aperture objective. By setting different radii for the circles traced out by each laser in the back focal plane, the penetration depth was corrected for different wavelengths. These modifications quell spatial variations in illumination and permit calibration for quantitative TIRF-FRET microscopy. The capability of TIRF-FRET was demonstrated by imaging assembled cyan and yellow fluorescent protein–tagged HIV-Gag molecules in single virions on the surfaces of living cells. These interactions are shown to be distinct from crowding of HIV-Gag in lipid rafts.

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21

Cheng, Chin Chi, Shao Chung Cheng, and Chi Huang Lu. "Effect of Ultrasonic Reflection Echo during Polymer Mixing Process." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1644.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ultrasonic reflection echo during polymer mixing process in the internal mixer. Phase change from solid to liquid, partially melted pellets, and distributing progress of CaCO3 powder during the melting process of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and the mixing process of the melted LDPE with a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder were successfully monitored by ultrasound. Melting and mixing completions were determined when ultrasonic reflection echo reached its upper stable level. The mixing period was proportional to the mass of added CaCO3 powder. The mean peak value of ultrasonic reflection L2f echo at the upper stable level decreased when the total amount of added CaCO3 powder increased. The presented ultrasonic technique can be utilized to optimize the melting and mixing processes, reduce cost and evaluate melting and mixing quality.

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22

Troost, Peter, John W. Hellgeth, David W. Schiering, and Thomas J. Tague. "Analysis of Printed Paper via Micro-ATR Mapping." Microscopy Today 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500059058.

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AbstractThe surface of printed paper has been examined through a fully automated attenuated total reflection (ATR) mapping technique. Automated z-axis control was utilized to bring the sample into contact with the ATR objective in a reproducible manner and an integrated mapping stage was used to position the sample. A force sensing device, the Contact Alert, was used to ensure optimal contact between the sample and internal reflection element Global manipulations of the resultant data revealed compositional differences attributed to the printed ink, carbonate and cellulose distributions. These differences were clearly evident in the infrared, but not discemable in the visible. The bulk filler Kaolinite was identified as a post processing contaminate as well as a trace mixture of Dioctyl Phthalate and an aromatic acrylate.

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23

Hosni, I., M. JaafriGhamki, L. Bennaceur Farah, and M. S. Naceur. "INVERSION OF THREE LAYERS MULTI-SCALE SPM MODEL BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE FOR THE RETRIEVAL OF SOIL MULTI-SCALE ROUGHNESS AND MOISTURE PARAMETERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1201-2015.

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In this paper, a multi-layered multi-scale backscattering model for a lossy medium and a neural network inversion procedure has been presented. <br><br> We have used a bi-dimensional multi-scale (2D MLS) roughness description where the surface is considered as a superposition of a finite number of one-dimensional Gaussian processes each one having a spatial scale using the wavelet transform and the Mallat algorithm to describe natural surface roughness. <br><br> An adapted three layers 2D MLS small perturbations (SPM) model has been used to describe radar backscattering response of semiarid sub-surfaces. The total reflection coefficients of the natural soil are computed using the multilayer model, and volumetric scattering is approximated by the internal reflections between layers. The original multi-scale SPM model includes only the surface scattering of the natural bare soil, while the multilayer soil modified 2D MLS SPM model includes both the surface scattering and the volumetric scattering within the soil. This multi-layered model has been used to calculate the total surface reflection coefficients of a natural soil surface for both horizontal and vertical co-polarizations.<br><br> A parametric analysis presents the dependence of the backscattering coefficient on multi scale roughness and soil. The overall objective of this work is to retrieve soil surfaces parameters namely roughness and soil moisture related to the dielectric constant by inverting the radar backscattered signal from natural soil surfaces. <br><br> To perform the inversion of the modified three layers 2D MLS SPM model, we used a multilayer neural network (NN) architecture trained by a back-propagation learning rule.

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24

Maciolek, Kimberly, Zewditu E. Asfaw, Dorothy J. Krienbring, Susan E. Arnsdorf, and Husam H. Balkhy. "Robotic Endoscopic Off-Pump Total Pericardiectomy in Constrictive Pericarditis." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000258.

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Objective Although rare, constrictive pericarditis is a serious condition with debilitating symptoms and often severe heart failure. Total pericardiectomy is the most effective treatment and is traditionally performed via median sternotomy. With the increasing use of minimally invasive techniques, there have been reports of partial pericardiectomy via thoracoscopy but with suboptimal exposure and difficulty identifying both phrenic nerves. Robotic surgery offers both small incisions and enhanced visualization. We present four cases of robotic endoscopic off-pump total pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Methods Four patients underwent off-pump total pericardiectomy with robotic assistance for constrictive pericarditis. All had constrictive physiology demonstrated by right heart catheterization and/or echo-cardiogram. One was also found to have coronary artery disease and underwent concurrent totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery. Ports were placed in the left second, fourth, and sixth intercostal spaces. The left lung was isolated and deflated with CO2 insufflation, aiding in exposure. With the use of electrocautery, the pericardium was removed first posterior to the left phrenic nerve, then anteriorly all the way to the right phrenic nerve, and caudally from the diaphragmatic reflection to the great vessel cephalad. A stabilizer in the subcostal fourth robotic arm was used to assist in the dissection. Results Two of four patients were extubated within 6 hours after surgery and transferred to the floor on postoperative day 1. Both were discharged home by postoperative day 5. Two of four patients had preoperative sequelae from chronic constriction and necessitated longer hospital and intensive care unit stays but had improvement in symptoms and were discharged home within 3 weeks. Conclusions Total pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis can be performed using a robotic approach. In contrast to thoracoscopy, it offers better visualization of both phrenic nerves, avoids injury, and allows a thorough pericardial dissection. In our experience, the robotic left chest approach has proven more efficacious in removing the posterior pericardium than is allowed with median sternotomy.

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Tarau, Calin, Volkan Ötügen, Valery Sheverev, George Vradis, and Ganesh Raman. "The Effect of Thermal Barriers on Sound Wave Propagation." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 6, no. 3 (September 2007): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147547207782419543.

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Sound propagation through regions of non-uniform temperature distribution in a gas is studied numerically. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of temperature gradients on the sound wave parameters and to evaluate the effectiveness of using regions of hot gas as sound barrier. Such regions of hot gas (low acoustic impedance) can be generated by remotely depositing energy into a selected volume of gas, for example, by means of electrical discharge. Sound attenuation through the hot gas region is studied systematically for a range of sound wave and thermal field parameters by solving the two-dimensional unsteady compressible Euler's equations along with the ideal gas state equation using a finite volume scheme. Particular attention is given to the practical case when sound wavelength is comparable to the thickness of the thermal barrier. The present two-dimensional model indicates that considerable sound attenuation can be achieved at large incidence angles and a critical angle for total internal reflection is possible.

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Autefage, Hélène, Eileen Gentleman, Elena Littmann, Martin A. B. Hedegaard, Thomas Von Erlach, Matthew O’Donnell, Frank R. Burden, David A. Winkler, and Molly M. Stevens. "Sparse feature selection methods identify unexpected global cellular response to strontium-containing materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 14 (March 23, 2015): 4280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419799112.

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Despite the increasing sophistication of biomaterials design and functional characterization studies, little is known regarding cells’ global response to biomaterials. Here, we combined nontargeted holistic biological and physical science techniques to evaluate how simple strontium ion incorporation within the well-described biomaterial 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) influences the global response of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our objective analyses of whole gene-expression profiles, confirmed by standard molecular biology techniques, revealed that strontium-substituted BG up-regulated the isoprenoid pathway, suggesting an influence on both sterol metabolite synthesis and protein prenylation processes. This up-regulation was accompanied by increases in cellular and membrane cholesterol and lipid raft contents as determined by Raman spectroscopy mapping and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy analyses and by an increase in cellular content of phosphorylated myosin II light chain. Our unexpected findings of this strong metabolic pathway regulation as a response to biomaterial composition highlight the benefits of discovery-driven nonreductionist approaches to gain a deeper understanding of global cell–material interactions and suggest alternative research routes for evaluating biomaterials to improve their design.

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27

Bae, Wooli, Tae-Young Yoon, and Cherlhyun Jeong. "Direct evaluation of self-quenching behavior of fluorophores at high concentrations using an evanescent field." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247326.

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The quantum yield of a fluorophore is reduced when two or more identical fluorophores are in close proximity to each other. The study of protein folding or particle aggregation is can be done based on this above-mentioned phenomenon—called self-quenching. However, it is challenging to characterize the self-quenching of a fluorophore at high concentrations because of the inner filter effect, which involves depletion of excitation light and re-absorption of emission light. Herein, a novel method to directly evaluate the self-quenching behavior of fluorophores was developed. The evanescent field from an objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope was used to reduce the path length of the excitation and emission light to ~100 nm, thereby supressing the inner filter effect. Fluorescence intensities of sulforhodamine B, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and calcein solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 50 mM were directly measured to evaluate the concentration required for 1000-fold degree of self-quenching and to examine the different mechanisms through which the fluorophores undergo self-quenching.

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28

Jones, Anna, Marcela Radtke, Gwen Chodur, and Rachel Scherr. "Assessing the Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Skin Carotenoids in University Students." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_030.

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Abstract Objectives To determine whether nutrition knowledge is associated with skin carotenoids, as measured by reflection spectroscopy, a valid and objective assessment of fruit and vegetable intake. Methods A convenience sample of undergraduate and graduate students were recruited through flyers, classroom announcements, and email distribution lists at a large public university in California. Nutrition knowledge was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Skin carotenoids were measured with reflection spectroscopy (RS) using a device known as the Veggie MeterTM. Participants completed the nutrition knowledge questionnaire and height, weight, and RS data were collected by trained researchers at a single time-point. Data were collected as part of a larger, on-going study. Pearson's correlation and ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between nutrition knowledge and skin carotenoids. Results A total of 40 students participated in the study; 72% were female. Nutrition knowledge scores ranged from 13 to 53 with a mean of 37.95 (out of 58 possible), and the mean RS score was 334.0. Skin carotenoids were found to be significantly correlated with nutrition knowledge (r = 0.332; P = 0.036), with 8.7% of variance in RS score explained by nutrition knowledge. Body mass index (BMI) was found to be negatively associated with RS score at P < 0.05; when BMI was incorporated, the proportion of variance in RS score explained by the regression model was 26.9%. Gender was not found to significantly associated with RS score (P = 0.965). Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that nutrition knowledge may be a significant predictor of dietary fruit and vegetable intake when accounting for BMI in university students. Future studies will incorporate additional variables, such as food security status and diet quality to further elaborate on the relationship between nutrition knowledge and behavior. Funding Sources This project was funded by an internal University of California, Davis grant.

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29

Xu, Sai, Huazhong Lu, Christopher Ference, and Qianqian Zhang. "Visible/near Infrared Reflection Spectrometer and Electronic Nose Data Fusion as an Accuracy Improvement Method for Portable Total Soluble Solid Content Detection of Orange." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183761.

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The visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer and electronic nose (E-nose) are two commonly used portable and nondestructive detection apparatuses which have a promising application for the quick acquisition of fruit’s internal quality in both the orchard and market. However, the accuracy of these instruments is sometimes unsatisfactory, especially for thick peeled fruit like the ‘Aiyuan 38’ orange, which was investigated in this research. The objective of this research was to find a method to improve the accuracy for the detection of an orange’s total soluble solid content (TSS) using a VIS/NIR spectrometer and E-nose. Different spectrum detection positions and conventional feature extraction methods are compared to get the optimal data fusion parameters. The detection model was then built up based on the obtained fusion data under the optimal parameters. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and mutual information theory (MIT) were applied for feature extraction, and PLSR and principal component analysis (PCA)-back propagation neural network (BPNN) were applied for modeling and detection. PLSR results showed that the sampling reflection spectrum at the position of the calyx results in a better orange TSS detection than other sampling positions. For VIS/NIR reflection spectrum feature extraction, PLSR and MIT results showed that the optimal data process + feature extraction method is Savitzky-Golay + 763 features, when their mutual information values between the feature and TSS value were larger than 0.74. For E-nose feature extraction, PLSR and MIT results showed that the combined feature (combination of 75 s value, average value, average of differential value, integral value, and maximum value) is the optimal feature extraction method, and all features are retained for modeling. The PLSR detection ability of orange TSS based on fusion data is better than the single detection method, with the detection ability of the single detection methods being unsatisfactory. PCA-BPNN has better orange TSS detection ability than PLSR. The R2, RMSE, and slope from the calibration set for PCA-BPNN detection were 0.9695, 0.1895, and 0.9665, respectively, and from the validation set for PCA-BPNN detection were 0.8872, 0.4709, and 1.0871, respectively, indicating that this method can detect orange TSS efficiently.

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Silva, Roberta Patrícia de Sousa, Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire, Ivonete Alves Bakke, Cheila Deisy Ferreira, Sérvio Túlio Pereira Justino, and Amanda de Lira Freitas. "Shading and its reflections on growth and gas exchanges of Microdesmia rigida (Benth.) Sothers & Prance." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (June 16, 2020): e878974508. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4508.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of shading on growth and gas exchange of seedlings of Microdesmia rigida, keeping them under the levels of 0% (full sun), 50% and 70% shading, arranged in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four replications. Plant height, stem diameter, height/diameter ratio, absolute growth rate, leaf area, plant dry matter weight, dry root/shoot weight ratio, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, internal CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents a, b and total were analysed. There was a reduction in the rate of transpiration and increase in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and internal CO2 concentration with increased shading. Shading decreased the concentration of chlorophyll a while promoting an increase in chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, with no significant difference between the levels of 50% and 70% of shading. The shaded environments provided greater growth in height, diameter, leaf area, in addition to providing greater accumulation of dry mass and IQD. It is recommended to produce seedlings of M. rigida seedlings, during the nursery phase, under 50% shading, as this condition provides the achievement of better seedling quality indexes.

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Foshee, Cecile M., Ali Mehdi, S. Beth Bierer, Elias I. Traboulsi, J. Harry Isaacson, Abby Spencer, Cassandra Calabrese, and Brian B. Burkey. "A Professionalism Curricular Model to Promote Transformative Learning Among Residents." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00421.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Using the frameworks of transformational learning and situated learning theory, we developed a technology-enhanced professionalism curricular model to build a learning community aimed at promoting residents' self-reflection and self-awareness. The RAPR model had 4 components: (1) Recognize: elicit awareness; (2) Appreciate: question assumptions and take multiple perspectives; (3) Practice: try new/changed perspectives; and (4) Reflect: articulate implications of transformed views on future actions. Objective The authors explored the acceptability and practicality of the RAPR model in teaching professionalism in a residency setting, including how residents and faculty perceive the model, how well residents carry out the curricular activities, and whether these activities support transformational learning. Methods A convenience sample of 52 postgraduate years 1 through 3 internal medicine residents participated in the 10-hour curriculum over 4 weeks. A constructivist approach guided the thematic analysis of residents' written reflections, which were a required curricular task. Results A total of 94% (49 of 52) of residents participated in 2 implementation periods (January and March 2015). Findings suggested that RAPR has the potential to foster professionalism transformation in 3 domains: (1) attitudinal, with participants reporting they viewed professionalism in a more positive light and felt more empathetic toward patients; (2) behavioral, with residents indicating their ability to listen to patients increased; and (3) cognitive, with residents indicating the discussions improved their ability to reflect, and this helped them create meaning from experiences. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RAPR offers an acceptable and practical strategy to teach professionalism to residents.

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Saito, Guilherme Honda, Daniel Sturnick, Jonathan Deland, and Scott Ellis. "TL 18049 - Influence of tibial component position on altered kinematics following total ankle arthroplasty during simulated gait." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, Supl 1 (November 11, 2019): 63S. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1005.

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Introduction: Correct positioning of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) implants has been associated with superior clinical outcomes. However, the correlation between implant position and ankle motion is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of tibial component position on ankle kinematics during simulated gait. Methods: The stance phase of gait was simulated pre and post-TAA with 8 mid-tibia cadaveric specimens using a six-degrees-of-freedom robotic platform. Ankle kinematics were measured based on reflective markers. A fixed-bearing total ankle system (Salto Talaris, Integra LifeSciences) was used. Using reconstructed CT data, the 3D tibial component position relative to a standard ankle joint reference was characterized (Fig 1A). The effect of the tibial component position on absolute differences in ankle kinematics (pre/post TAA) was assessed using linear regression with a level of significance set to p = 0.05. Results: Differences in ankle joint kinematics were only identified in the transverse plane, where internal talar rotation was significantly increased following TAA compared with the native condition (Fig 1B). The medial position of TAA tibial components was positively associated with increased internal talar rotation (Fig 1C; β = 1.861 degrees/mm, R2 = 0.72, p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study suggests that a medial-lateral position of the tibial implant affects ankle kinematics. During operative procedures, the tibial component is usually positioned to preserve the bone stock of the medial and lateral malleolus. However, little attention is given to the position of the implant in relation to the center of the tibial axis. This finding could have clinical implications for techniques.

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Richter, Verena, Peter Lanzerstorfer, Julian Weghuber, and Herbert Schneckenburger. "Super-Resolution Live Cell Microscopy of Membrane-Proximal Fluorophores." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197099.

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Here, we present a simple and robust experimental setup for the super-resolution live cell microscopy of membrane-proximal fluorophores, which is comparably easy to perform and to implement. The method is based on Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) with a switchable spatial light modulator (SLM) and exchangeable objective lenses for epi-illumination and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. While, in the case of SIM (upon epi-illumination), cell layers of about 1–2 µm in close proximity to the plasma membrane can be selected by software, layers in the 100 nm range are assessed experimentally by TIRF-SIM. To show the applicability of this approach, both methods are used to measure the translocation of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon stimulation by insulin or insulin-mimetic compounds, with a lateral resolution of around 100 nm and an axial resolution of around 200 nm. While SIM is an appropriate method to visualize the intracellular localization of GLUT4 fused with a green fluorescent protein, TIRF-SIM permits the quantitative evaluation of its fluorescence in the plasma membrane. These imaging methods are discussed in the context of fluorescence lifetime kinetics, providing additional data for the molecular microenvironment.

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Stadlbauer, Verena, Peter Lanzerstorfer, Cathrina Neuhauser, Florian Weber, Flora Stübl, Petra Weber, Michael Wagner, et al. "Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation: High Throughput or High Content?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217964.

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Due to the global rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in combination with insulin resistance, novel compounds to efficiently treat this pandemic disease are needed. Screening for compounds that induce the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues is an innovative strategy. Here, we compared the applicability of three fluorescence microscopy-based assays optimized for the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in simple cell systems. An objective-type scanning total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy approach was shown to have high sensitivity but only moderate throughput. Therefore, we implemented a prism-type TIR reader for the simultaneous analysis of large cell populations grown in adapted microtiter plates. This approach was found to be high throughput and have sufficient sensitivity for the characterization of insulin mimetic compounds in live cells. Finally, we applied confocal microscopy to giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) formed from GLUT4-expressing cells. While this assay has only limited throughput, it offers the advantage of being less sensitive to insulin mimetic compounds with high autofluorescence. In summary, the combined implementation of different fluorescence microscopy-based approaches enables the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation with high throughput and high content.

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Shin, Kyujin, Yo Song, Yeongchang Goh, and Kang Lee. "Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Single Particle Tracking of Upconverting Nanoparticles in Living Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061424.

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Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are inorganic nanomaterials in which the lanthanide cations embedded in the host matrix can convert incident near-infrared light to visible or ultraviolet light. These particles are often used for long-term and real-time imaging because they are extremely stable even when subjected to continuous irradiation for a long time. It is now possible to image their movement at the single particle level with a scale of a few nanometers and track their trajectories as a function of time with a scale of a few microseconds. Such UCNP-based single-particle tracking (SPT) technology provides information about the intracellular structures and dynamics in living cells. Thus far, most imaging techniques have been built on fluorescence microscopic techniques (epifluorescence, total internal reflection, etc.). However, two-dimensional (2D) images obtained using these techniques are limited in only being able to visualize those on the focal planes of the objective lens. On the contrary, if three-dimensional (3D) structures and dynamics are known, deeper insights into the biology of the thick cells and tissues can be obtained. In this review, we introduce the status of the fluorescence imaging techniques, discuss the mathematical description of SPT, and outline the past few studies using UCNPs as imaging probes or biologically functionalized carriers.

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Jones, Gwyneth. "Total internal reflection." Nature 403, no. 6771 (February 2000): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35001682.

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Saito, Guilherme H., Daniel R. Sturnick, Scott J. Ellis, Jonathan T. Deland, and Constantine A. Demetracopoulos. "Influence of Tibial Component Position on Altered Kinematics Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty During Simulated Gait." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 8 (June 27, 2019): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719858620.

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Background: Ankle and hindfoot kinematics following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) are poorly understood and it is unclear whether patients can replicate physiologic motion after TAA. Furthermore, the effect of implant position on TAA kinematics is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare ankle and hindfoot kinematics pre- and post-TAA during simulated gait and determine to what degree tibial component position correlated with variations in ankle kinematics. Methods: Eight midtibia cadaveric specimens were utilized in this institutional review board–approved study. The stance phase of gait was simulated both pre- and post-TAA in each specimen using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic platform. Ankle and hindfoot kinematics were measured from reflective markers attached to bones via surgical pins. The effect of tibial component position on absolute differences in ankle kinematics was assessed using linear regression. Results: No differences were observed in ankle sagittal and coronal plane motion between the intact and TAA conditions. Differences in ankle joint kinematics were identified in the transverse plane, where internal talar rotation was significantly increased following TAA compared with the native condition. The medial-lateral position of the tibial component was found to correlate with the altered transverse plane motion observed after TAA (β = 1.861 degrees/mm, R2 = 0.72, P = .008). No significant differences in subtalar and talonavicular joint kinematics in any plane were observed comparing the pre- and post-TAA condition. Conclusion: This study demonstrated an increased internal rotation of the ankle in the transverse plane following TAA. This increase was correlated with the medial-lateral position of the tibial implant. Clinical Relevance: This finding could have clinical implications for how tibial components are positioned during the operative procedure, and how implant design and position may affect ankle kinematics following TAA.

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Fan, J., A. Dogariu, and L. J. Wang. "Amplified total internal reflection." Optics Express 11, no. 4 (February 24, 2003): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.11.000299.

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Chang, Michael B. "Total internal reflection lens." Applied Optics 24, no. 9 (May 1, 1985): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.001256.

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Potenza, Marco A. C., D. Brogioli, and M. Giglio. "Total internal reflection scattering." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 14 (October 4, 2004): 2730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1801681.

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41

Thompson, Nancy L., and Thomas P. Burghardt. "Total internal reflection fluorescence." Biophysical Chemistry 25, no. 1 (November 1986): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(86)85069-4.

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Bravo, Manuel, Carlos Villalobos, Rodrigo Leiva, Luis Tamblay, Pedro Vega-Jorquera, Elías Ovalle, and Alberto Foppiano. "Ionospheric Response to the Space Weather Events of 4-10 September 2017: First Chilean Observations." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301812010001.

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Objective: The diurnal variations of several ionospheric characteristics during the Space Weather Events of 4-10 September 2017, for Chilean latitudes, will be reported. Materials and Methods: Observations were made using a recently installed ionosonde at the Universidad de La Serena field station (29°52'S; 71°15’W). Also, reported is the total electron content determined using the upgraded Chilean network of dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Results: Sudden ionospheric disturbances are described in terms of the minimum reflection frequency determined from ionosonde records. An attempt to derive the extent of the effect on high frequency propagation paths in the region is made using simultaneous ionosonde observations at other locations. The geomagnetic storm ionospheric effects are discussed in detail using the observed diurnal variation of maximum electron concentration (NmF2), virtual height of the F-region (h’F/F2) and Total Electron Content (TEC). These are complemented with the time-latitude variation of TEC for the 70°W meridian. Conclusion: It is found that large increases of NmF2, h’F/F2 and TEC observed during 8 September 2017 storm are well described in terms of the evolution of the Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) over the same time interval. Known physical mechanisms are suggested to explain most of the observations.

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Muiño, Rodrigo, Joaquín Hernández, José L. Benedito, and Cristina Castillo. "Effects of Calving Body Condition Score on Blood Acid–Base Balance of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows in a Commercial Dairy Farm: A Case Study." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072075.

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The study was carried out on 27 healthy primiparous Holstein heifers (620 ± 50 kg) kept in a commercial dairy herd. The animals were divided into two groups taking into account the body condition score (BCS) index: BCS < 3.5, n = 12; BCS > 3.5 n = 15. The study period started one month before calving (BC), and ran until one month after calving (AC). Venous blood samples were collected 1 month and 1 week BC, and 1 week and 1 month AC. This study had two objectives: (i) to assess whether a higher or lower BCS affected total milk production and its quality; (ii) to assess changes in the internal fluid (venous pH; partial pressure of CO2, ppCO2; bicarbonate; total CO2, TCO2; base excess, BE; electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl−; and anion gap, AG) that occur during this phase depending on the BCS. We can conclude that the BCS at calving does not affect the productive status during lactation, both in terms of the quantity and quality of milk produced. The excess of crude protein (CP) added through the ration in the lactation phase can trigger a tendency to an alkalotic state, in this case compensated by respiratory buffering mechanisms, as reflected by the TCO2. The changes in electrolytes are a reflection of the movement of free water for milk production, where a balance between measurable anions and cations is observed.

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Shirshov, Yu M. "ANALYSIS OF FORMING BLOOD ELEMENTS USING SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITON RESONANCE: MODEL OF TRANSITION LAYER." Optoelektronìka ta napìvprovìdnikova tehnìka 55 (December 31, 2020): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/iopt.2020.55.136.

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Despite the great practical importance, the control of blood by optical methods is enormously complicated by the strong scattering of light. This is especially true for formed blood elements (FBEs), which are a compact suspension that remains after plasma removal from blood by centrifugation. The study of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in Kretchman’s geometry together with measurement of the angular dependence of the light internal reflection R( φ ) at the glass/ FBEs boundary is one of the few possibilities to obtain additional information about the structure and molecular composition of this complex inhomogeneous object. Measurement of R( φ ) for contact FBEs with the glass surface allows to determine the total internal reflection (TIR) angle and the effective refractive index N of the binary of erythrocytes-blood plasma mixture. At the same time, the comparison of the angles of TIR and SPR makes it possible to establish the presence of a transition layer between gold surface and the volume of FBEs. In addition, a detailed matching of the experimental dependence R( φ ) with one of calculated curve by regression method allows minimize the objective function and allows to establish a detailed model of the transition layer. The paper shows that the value of N is 1.4003...1.4008. According to the formula of the effective Bruggeman's medium, the packing density of erythrocytes in the volume of FBEs is about 85%, which is well matched with the data known from the literature. At the same time, at least two intermediate layers were detected at the gold /FBEs interface. (1) A layer 33–38 nm thick adjacent to the hydrophobic surface of the gold film and with a refractive index of N p = 1.356–1.357. Presumably, it is a binary phase with a liquid part in the form of water, a buffer solution or blood plasma and a hard part in the form of proteins non-specifically related to gold, most likely molecules of albumin and fibrinogen. (2) A thicker, transition-to- volume FBEs layer is most likely related to the edges curvature and marginal packing of erythrocytes; the effective thickness of this layer is d m = 130-200 nm, and the effective refractive index N m = 1.356... 1.369. The details of this transition layer are currently of considerable practical interest because they can reflect the physiological state of blood cells and whole body, and the parameters d m and N m can be useful from a biological or medical point of view.

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Lucas-Carrasco, Ramona, Peter Allerup, and Per Bech. "The Validity of the WHO-5 as an Early Screening for Apathy in an Elderly Population." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/171857.

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Aim. The objective of our study has been to evaluate the WHO-5 as a new early screening instrument for apathy in a group of elderly persons.Methods. The WHO-5 was compared to the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The GDS contains five items measuring well-being and ten items measuring depression. The internal validity of the WHO-5 (total score being a sufficient statistic) was evaluated with both parametric and nonparametric item response theory models. The external validity of the WHO-5 and the GDS was evaluated by ROC using depression as index of validity.Results. The item response theory analyses confirmed that the total score of the WHO-5 is a sufficient statistic. The ROC analysis shows an adequate sensitivity (61%) and specificity (84%). The GDS15and its two subscales obtained low sensitivity (25–42%), but high specificity (90–98%).Conclusion. The WHO-5 was found both internally and externally valid when considering decreased positive well-being to be an early indication of apathy reflecting that the wind has begun to be taken out of the “motivation sail.”

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Woods, David A., and Colin D. Bain. "Total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy." Analyst 137, no. 1 (2012): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1an15722a.

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Maisonneuve, Mathieu, In-Hyouk Song, Sergiy Patskovsky, and Michel Meunier. "Polarimetric total internal reflection biosensing." Optics Express 19, no. 8 (April 4, 2011): 7410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.007410.

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Gould, Travis J., Jordan R. Myers, and Joerg Bewersdorf. "Total internal reflection STED microscopy." Optics Express 19, no. 14 (June 27, 2011): 13351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.013351.

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Yildiz, Ahmet, and Ronald D. Vale. "Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2015, no. 9 (September 2015): pdb.top086348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top086348.

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SRINIVASARAO, MOHAN. "Fun with Total Internal Reflection." Optics and Photonics News 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.11.10.000024.

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