Relevant bibliographies by topics / Total degradation

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Total degradation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Total degradation"

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Miyahira, T. F., H. N. Becker, S. S. McClure, L. D. Edmonds, A. H. Johnston, and Y. Hishinuma. "Total dose degradation of mems optical mirrors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 50, no. 6 (December 2003): 1860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2003.820764.

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Sun, Youwen, Mathias Palm, Cheng Liu, Frank Hase, David Griffith, Christine Weinzierl, Christof Petri, Wei Wang, and Justus Notholt. "The influence of instrumental line shape degradation on NDACC gas retrievals: total column and profile." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2018): 2879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2879-2018.

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Abstract. We simulated instrumental line shape (ILS) degradations with respect to typical types of misalignment, and compared their influence on each NDACC (Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) gas. The sensitivities of the total column, the root mean square (rms) of the fitting residual, the total random uncertainty, the total systematic uncertainty, the total uncertainty, degrees of freedom for signal (DOFs), and the profile with respect to different levels of ILS degradation for all current standard NDACC gases, i.e. O3, HNO3, HCl, HF, ClONO2, CH4, CO, N2O, C2H6, and HCN, were investigated. The influence of an imperfect ILS on NDACC gases' retrieval was assessed, and the consistency under different meteorological conditions and solar zenith angles (SZAs) were examined. The study concluded that the influence of ILS degradation can be approximated by the linear sum of individual modulation efficiency (ME) amplitude influence and phase error (PE) influence. The PE influence is of secondary importance compared with the ME amplitude. Generally, the stratospheric gases are more sensitive to ILS degradation than the tropospheric gases, and the positive ME influence is larger than the negative ME. For a typical ILS degradation (10 %), the total columns of stratospheric gases O3, HNO3, HCl, HF, and ClONO2 changed by 1.9, 0.7, 4, 3, and 23 %, respectively, while the columns of tropospheric gases CH4, CO, N2O, C2H6, and HCN changed by 0.04, 2.1, 0.2, 1.1, and 0.75 %, respectively. In order to suppress the fractional difference in the total column for ClONO2 and other NDACC gases within 10 and 1 %, respectively, the maximum positive ME degradations for O3, HNO3, HCl, HF, ClONO2, CO, C2H6, and HCN should be less than 6, 15, 5, 5, 5, 5, 9, and 13 %, respectively; the maximum negative ME degradations for O3, HCl, and HF should be less than 6, 12, and 12 %, respectively; the influence of ILS degradation on CH4 and N2O can be regarded as being negligible.
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Mondal, Tanmay, and Bhubaneswar Mandal. "Total degradation of extracellular amyloids by miniature artificial proteases." Chemical Communications 56, no. 15 (2020): 2348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09409a.

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Kasperek, G. J., and R. D. Snider. "Total and myofibrillar protein degradation in isolated soleus muscles after exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): E1—E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.1.e1.

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The effect of exercise on the rate of total and myofibrillar protein degradation was determined by measuring the rate of release of tyrosine and 3-methylhistidine, respectively, from isolated rat soleus muscle strips after exercise. The rate of tyrosine release was 30–50% greater from the muscles of the exercised rats, whereas the rate of 3-methylhistidine release was unchanged. Thus the exercise-induced increase in the rate of protein degradation is due to increased breakdown of nonmyofibrillar proteins. The rate of protein degradation increases as a function of exercise duration and rapidly returns to the preexercise level during recovery. The exercise-induced increase in the rate of protein degradation is not inhibited by chloroquine. Together these observations suggest that the increase in the rate of protein degradation observed immediately after exercise is due to the breakdown of nonmyofibrillar proteins and occurs via the nonlysosomal pathway of protein degradation.
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Nicolaou, K. C., P. G. Nantermet, H. Ueno, R. K. Guy, E. A. Couladouros, and E. J. Sorensen. "Total Synthesis of Taxol. 1. Retrosynthesis, Degradation, and Reconstitution." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 2 (January 1995): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00107a006.

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Vasileska, D., D. K. Schroder, and D. K. Ferry. "Scaled silicon MOSFETs: degradation of the total gate capacitance." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 44, no. 4 (April 1997): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.563362.

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Ma, Guo-Feng, Ahmed Ali, Nicole Verzijl, Roeland Hanemaaijer, Johan TeKoppele, Yrjö T. Konttinen, and Jari Salo. "Increased collagen degradation around loosened total hip replacement implants." Arthritis & Rheumatism 54, no. 9 (2006): 2928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.22064.

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Johnston, A. H., and R. E. Plaag. "Models for Total Dose Degradation of Linear Integrated Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 34, no. 6 (1987): 1474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1987.4337502.

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Moctezuma, Edgar, Elisa Leyva, Claudia A. Aguilar, Raúl A. Luna, and Carlos Montalvo. "Photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol: Intermediates and total reaction mechanism." Journal of Hazardous Materials 243 (December 2012): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.010.

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Leyva, Elisa, Edgar Moctezuma, and Saúl Noriega. "Photocatalytic degradation of omeprazole. Intermediates and total reaction mechanism." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 92, no. 7 (April 3, 2017): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5263.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Total degradation"

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Nowlin, Robert Nathaniel. "Total-dose gain degradation in modern bipolar transistors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186188.

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The experimentally observed trends in the total-dose gain-degradation response of modern, BiCMOS compatible bipolar transistors are presented. A model for the post-irradiation excess base current is described. The model is applied to separately calculate the two radiation-induced damage densities: the net oxide charge density and the midgap-level interface-trap density. Hardness assurance testing recommendations are made based on the observed experimental trends.
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Kipping, Michael. "Wear and degradation of UHMWPE total hip replacement components." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14468/.

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Long term (>2 years) failure of UHMWPE components in-vivo is predominantly caused by wear of the UHMWPE component. The surface properties of UHMWPE greatly influence the adhesive and abrasive mechanisms of wear that occur in the hip. However, there is not a clear understanding of how in-vivo wear mechanisms influence surface mechanical properties of UHMWPE. In addition, previous researchers have reported wear rates for Charnley UHMWPE acetabular components that vary considerably between patients. It is conceivable that these variations in wear are a result of variations in the surface mechanical properties of UHMWPE. This study used a combination of instrumented indentation testing and Ff-IR imaging to assess the depth dependent micromechanical and chemical properties of 32 retrieved UHMWPE acetabular components. Significant variations in the mechanical and chemical properties of samples taken from worn and unworn regions of retrieved UHMWPE acetabular components were found. In unworn regions, these variations were principally caused by post-irradiation ageing. However, in worn regions, the variation in properties was primarily caused by the wear process.
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Alam, Mohammed Salim. "Total radical production and degradation products from Alkene Ozonolysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1733/.

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The gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes can be significant sources of free radicals (OH, HO2 and RO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere. While there are a number of quantitative indirect OH and HO2 yield measurements from ozonolysis in the literature, obtained, for example, through the use of radical tracer / scavenger species, few direct observations have been reported. This thesis presents the first direct measurements of OH and HO2 by Laser Induced Fluorescence for a homologous series of alkenes. The radical and stable products from ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2 methylpropene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene ozonolysis have been observed. The experiments were carried out in the EUPHORE atmospheric simulation chamber, utilising various instrumentation including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Peroxy Radical Chemical Amplification. The alkene-ozone reaction systems were investigated with and without an OH radical scavenger and as a function of humidity. The results were interpreted through detailed chemical chamber box modelling, incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism degradation scheme for each specific alkene, supplemented with a more explicit representation of the alkene-ozone reaction mechanism. The observed yields are interpreted in terms of branching ratios for each channel within the postulated alkene ozonolysis mechanism, and their implications for atmospheric radical production were considered.
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Sutton, Michael Robert. "Investigation of succinimide dispersants and their interactions using reduced total oil volume lubricant degradation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391994.

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Ghosh, Arijit. "Degradation of polymer/substrate interfaces - an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy approach." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291130563.

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Silva, Vin?cius Pimentel. "Digest?o Total e Cecal de Alimentos Volumosos em Eq?inos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/576.

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This work aimed to evaluate digestibility and degradability of nutrients, and kinetics of passage in horses fed with forages using mobile bag and in situ cecal digestion. Two digestion trials were carried out and seven forages were used, lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), Desmodium ovalifolium, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus cajan, Macroptyloma axilares and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). Basal diet were composed by 80% hay and 20% concentrate. In first assay with mobile bags, five crossbreed horses were used with age varying from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. A nylon cloth were used with 45? pore size, and bags with dimensions of 7,5 x 2 cm, containing 510mg DM of sample/bag. These assay had 12 days of duration, and three for adaptation, five days for naso-gastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. Randomized block design were used with seven treatments and five repetitions. Naso-gastric insertion of bags were made twice a day, at morning and afternoon, inserting 29 bags, and four bags of each feed and one blank. Transit time and excretion of bags were evaluated until 96h from insertion. Nutrients digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. In situ assay was conducted with caecum fistulated horse, weight 210Kg. Bags with 20x 6,5cm were used with 5,2g of sample incubated inside caecum along times 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours. A randomized design was used with seven treatments and three repetitions during 30 days. Orskov & McDonald degradation model was used to fit the nutrients degradation curves. Nutrients digestibility of peanut, Desmodium and Macroptiloma were high than others roughages (P<0.05). Any difference were observed (P>0.05) among transit time, mediun retention time and passage rate, average values were 23.34, 48.63 and 2.07, respectively. Degradation rate were high to peanut, Desmodium and Macroptyloma. Peanut fiber and protein degradability is superior to others tropical legumes, and peanut presented high protein contents. Tropically forages peanut, Stylosanthes guianensis and Macroptyloma axilares presented potential to be use in horse diets.
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a digestibilidade e a degrada??o dos nutrientes e a cin?tica de passagem de alimentos volumosos em eq?inos utilizando as t?cnicas de sacos de n?ilon m?veis e da digest?o in situ. Foram realizados dois ensaios de digest?o e os alimentos volumosos utilizados nos dois estudos foram, alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), Desmodium ovalifolium, Stylosanthes guianensis, guandu (Cajanus cajan), Macroptyloma axilares e capim coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A alimenta??o foi uma dieta basal composta por 80% de feno e 20% de concentrado. No primeiro ensaio, com sacos m?veis, foram utilizados cinco eq?inos mesti?os com idades variando de 17 a 27 anos, com peso vivo m?dio de 350kg. Para a confec??o dos sacos, utilizou-se tecido de n?ilon com porosidade de 45? com dimens?es de 7,5x 2cm, inserindo 510mg de MS de amostra/saco. O ensaio teve dura??o de 12 dias, sendo tr?s para a adapta??o, cinco para inser??o g?strica dos sacos e quatro de coleta dos sacos. O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete tratamentos e cinco repeti??es. A sonda nasog?strica foi inserida duas vezes ao dia, de manh? e ? tarde com 29 sacos, sendo quatro para cada alimento e um em branco, anotou-se o tempo de tr?nsito e a excre??o dos sacos foi considerada at? 96 horas ap?s a inser??o. A estimativa da digestibilidade dos nutrientes dos alimentos volumosos foi calculada atrav?s do res?duo obtido no saco. No ensaio in situ utilizou-se um animal fistulado no ceco, com peso vivo de 210 Kg e sacos de 20 x 6,5 cm, com 5,2 g de amostra, incubadas no ceco nos tempos de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e tr?s repeti??es, com dura??o de 30 dias e o modelo de degrada??o citado por Orskov & McDonald para descrever as curvas de degrada??o dos nutrientes. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes dos alimentos volumosos Amendoim, Desmodium e Macroptyloma foram maiores (P<0,05). N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) entre os alimentos em rela??o ao tempo de tr?nsito, tempo m?dio de reten??o e taxa de passagem dos sacos, observando-se os valores m?dios de 23,3 h, 48,6 h e 2,0 h, respectivamente. Os valores da taxa de degrada??o foram superiores no Amendoim, Desmodium e Macroptiloma. A degrada??o da fibra do amendoim forrageiro ? superior ?s demais leguminosas tropicais, assim como seu conte?do prot?ico. Os alimentos volumosos tropicais amendoim, Stylosanthes guianensis e Macroptyloma axilares apresentaram potencial para o uso em dietas para eq?inos.
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Araujo, Leandro Goulart de. "Photo-oxidative degradation of bisphenol A by H2O2/UV: process study and kinetic modelling." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-17072018-111837/.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of plastics, epoxy resins and polycarbonates. It is a toxic, endocrine disruptor compound. Different studies have shown the presence of BPA in several environmental systems, classifying it as a worldwide persistent pollutant which may act synergistically with other pollutants. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have received great attention due to their ability to degrade pollutants with such characteristics, through their transformation into less hazardous compounds or even their mineralization. Although there are investigations on the use of AOPs for BPA degradation, systematic studies on the effects of process variables, coupled with the statistical interpretation of the results are virtually non-existent. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, a rigorous kinetic model has not yet been proposed for the degradation of this pollutant by the H2O2/UV process. The objective of this work was to evaluate BPA degradation by the H2O2/UV process, investigating the effects of the initial H2O2 concentration and the specific rate of photons emission (EP,0) by means of a Doehlert experimental design, combined with the response surface methodology. The experiments were performed in a photochemical tubular reactor equipped with a 254-nm UV lamp, for [H2O2]0 and EP,0 in the ranges 1.6-9.6 mmol L-1 and 0.87 × 1018-3.6 × 1018 photons L-1 s-1, respectively. Total BPA degradation was achieved after 60 min of irradiation in all experiments. The best conditions were [H2O2]0 = 7.6 mmol L-1 and EP,0 = 3.6 × 1018 photons L-1 s-1, for which the best performance was obtained regarding the BPA degradation rate, BPA degradation after 15 min, and the second highest TOC removal after 180 min. However, in most experiments less than 75% TOC removal was observed, with 95% mineralization obtained only for the superior [H2O2]0 and EP,0. A mathematical model was developed, considering the reactor characteristics and the radiation field, based on the line source with parallel emission (LSPP) approach, in combination with the radiative transfer equation (RTE), mass balances, and a detailed kinetic model of the H2O2/UV process. The steady-state approximation was applied for all radical species. In the estimation of unknown kinetic constants, the non-linear least squares method was employed. The model was able to satisfactorily fit experimental BPA and H2O2 concentrations as a function of time. This work shows that the H2O2/UV process is a good alternative for BPA removal from aqueous streams, with total degradation of the target compound and adequate percent mineralization under optimal operating conditions. Such conditions may serve as first guidelines for pilot-plant and industrial processes operation. In addition, simulations using the proposed kinetic model may provide useful information for the design and scale-up of pre- or post-treatment of effluents containing this pollutant.
O bisfenol A (BPA) é amplamente utilizado na fabricação de plásticos, resinas epóxi e policarbonatos. Trata-se de um composto tóxico e um desregulador endócrino. Diferentes estudos evidenciam a presença do BPA em diversos compartimentos ambientais em todo planeta, identificando-o como um poluente persistente e resistente à degradação biológica, que apresenta efeitos sinergéticos com outros poluentes. Nesse contexto, os processos oxidativos avançados (POA) têm recebido atenção devido a sua capacidade em degradar poluentes com tais características, transformando-os em compostos menos perigosos ou até mesmo mineralizando-os totalmente. Apesar de haver trabalhos na literatura acerca da utilização de POA para degradação de BPA, estudos sistemáticos dos efeitos de variáveis de processo junto com a interpretação estatística dos resultados são virtualmente inexistentes. Além disso, até onde se sabe um modelo cinético rigoroso ainda não foi proposto para a degradação desse poluente por meio do processo H2O2/UV. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a degradação do BPA pelo processo H2O2/UV, investigando os efeitos da concentração inicial de H2O2 e da taxa específica de emissão de fótons (EP,0) por meio de um projeto experimental Doehlert, combinado com a análise de superfície de resposta. Os experimentos foram realizados em um reator tubular fotoquímico equipado com uma lâmpada UV de 254 nm, para [H2O2]0 e EP,0 entre 1,6-9,6 mmol L-1 e 0,87 × 1018 - 3,6 × 1018 fótons L-1 s-1, respectivamente. Todos os experimentos sob H2O2/UV resultaram em total degradação do BPA após 60 min de irradiação. Nesse caso, as melhores condições foram [H2O2]0 = 7,6 mmol L-1 e EP,0 = 3,6 × 1018 fótons L-1 s-1, para as quais se obteve o melhor desempenho quanto à taxa de degradação de BPA e à remoção após 15 min, e a segunda maior remoção de COT após 180 min. Entretanto, na maioria dos experimentos menos de 75% de remoção de COT foram observados, com 95% de mineralização obtida apenas para os maiores [H2O2]0 e EP,0. Elaborou-se um modelo matemático que considera as características do reator utilizado e o campo de radiação, baseado no modelo de fonte linear de emissão em planos paralelos (LSPP), combinado à equação de transferência radiativa (RTE), aos balanços materiais e a um modelo cinético detalhado do processo H2O2/UV. Foi empregada a aproximação de estado estacionário para todas as espécies radicalares. Na estimativa das constantes cinéticas desconhecidas, utilizou-se o método de mínimos quadrados não linear. Esse modelo foi capaz de ajustar satisfatoriamente as concentrações experimentais de BPA e de H2O2 em função do tempo. Este trabalho mostra que o processo H2O2/UV constitui uma alternativa conveniente para a degradação de BPA em matrizes aquosas, com total degradação do composto alvo e porcentagem de mineralização adequada nas condições ótimas de operação. Tais condições podem servir como diretrizes iniciais de processamento em escalas piloto e industrial. Por sua vez, simulações empregando o modelo matemático proposto permitem gerar informações úteis para projeto e aumento de escala de processos de pré- ou pós-tratamento de efluentes contendo esse poluente.
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Pombo, Gabriela do Vale. "Efeito da suplementação com levedura viva e levedura viva protegida sobre a digestibilidade aparente total e parâmetros fermentativos de equinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-18062018-153717/.

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O uso da suplementação com levedura viva em equinos tem sido estudado, pelo potencial de redução da produção de lactato no intestino grosso sendo relatado por alguns autores, melhora da digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta. Porém, o uso de levedura viva protegida ainda não foi relatado para a espécie. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e parâmetros de fermentação intestinal e gástrica com a suplementação de levedura viva e levedura viva protegida em equinos em manutenção. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino duplo balanceado com oito animais, quatro dietas avaliados por quatro períodos de 22 dias cada, sendo 15 dias de adaptação à dieta, 5 dias de coleta de fezes (CTF), 1 dia para coleta de conteúdo gástrico e 2 semanas de intervalo entre os períodos. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas através de contrastes ortogonais (C1: controle [CTR] versus levedura [LEV], levedura protegida [PROT] e levedura viva + levedura protegida [L + P]; C2: L + P versus LEV e PROT; C3: LEV versus PROT). O nível de significância do teste utilizado foi a 10%. Não foram observados efeitos para pH nas fezes, concentração sérica de fator tumoral alfa, concentrações de ácido lático e ácidos de cadeia curta nas diferentes dietas. Não foi observado significância para a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta quando se usou levedura viva ou protegida (P=0,0683). Houve aumento das concentrações de ácido acético com o uso de levedura no conteúdo gástrico (P=0,0082). Avaliando a técnica de coleta sugerida, a adaptação realizada para este procedimento de coleta de digesta gástrica apresentou fácil aplicabilidade, com alta tolerância pelos equinos, além de proporcionar perfeita precisão do local de coleta a ser avaliado. A levedura viva e levedura protegida não apresentam efeito quanto a degradabilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro (P > 0,05). A fermentação com inóculo de fezes possui maiores taxas de produção de gás quando se utiliza feno como substrato e suplementação com levedura viva (P=0,0190). Quando se utiliza de conteúdo gástrico como inóculo, a levedura protegida apresenta menor produção de gases (P=0,0484).
The use of live yeast supplementation in equines has been studied for the potential reduction of lactate production in the large intestine and is reported by some authors to improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein. However, the use of protected live yeast has not yet been reported for the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and parameters of intestinal and gastric fermentation with the supplementation of live yeast and protected live yeast in horses. The experimental design was the double balanced latin square with eight animals, four diets evaluated for four periods of 22 days each, being 15 days of adaptation to the diet, 5 days of collection of feces (CTF), 1 day for collection of gastric content and 2 weeks interval between periods. The treatments were compared by means of orthogonal contrasts (C1: control [CTR] versus yeast [LEV], protected yeast [PROT] and live yeast + protected yeast [L + P]; C3: LEV versus PROT). The level of significance of the test used was 10%. No effects were observed for faecal pH, serum concentration of alpha tumor factor, lactic acid concentrations and short chain acids in the different diets. It was no possible to observe a difference significance on apparent digestibility in nutrients of diets when living or protected yeast (P = 0.0683). There was an increase in acetic acid concentrations with the use of yeast in gastric contents (P = 0.0082). Evaluating the suggested collection technique, the adaptation performed for this procedure of gastric digestion was easy to apply, with high tolerance by the horses, besides providing perfect accuracy of the collection site to be evaluated. Live yeast and protected yeast have no effect on the in vitro degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (P> 0.05). Fermentation with fecal inoculum has higher rates of gas production when hay is used as a substrate and supplementation with live yeast (P = 0.0190). When gastric contents are used as the inoculum, the protected yeast presents lower gas production (P = 0.0484).
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Felisberto, Nivea Regina de Oliveira. "Digestibilidade total e parcial e fluxo de nutrientes em cabras leiteiras alimentadas com diferentes fontes protéicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5854.

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Diets formulated with protein sources presenting different resistance to ruminal degradation were compared by evaluating intake, total and partial digestibility, nitrogen balance, fluxes of nutrients to omasum, production and microbial efficiency and ruminal parameters in goats. Eight rumen cannulated non-lactating, non- pregnant goats were distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with two repeats. Treatments consisted of four diets where different source of plant protein account for the major protein source named soybean meal (SM), roasted soybean (RS), corn gluten meal (CGM), and cottonseed cake (CC). No difference was found as both intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were compared among diets. Reduction of ruminal digestibility for dry matter, crude protein and non fiber carbohydrates by using ration with RS, CGM and CC. Biological values and true digestibility for diets were similar. Amount of rumen protein were similar among rations, however fluxes of dry matter, protein and non fiber carbohydrate to omasum were higher for rations using roasted soybean, corn gluten meal and cottonseed cake. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher for ration with soybean meal as major protein source. Values of pH higher values were obtained for rations with RS and CC. Regarding kinetic of transit similar values were found among rations. Rations containing RS, CGM and CC as major protein source presented degradability smaller than diet using soybean meal as the major source of protein, but no difference among rations were found as availability and use by animals were compared. Diets with protein sources presenting reduced ruminal degradation do not compromised the bacterial growth, increasing flux of nutrients to omasum. Although pH and rumen ammonia are altered no compromise is observed in both production and microbial efficiency as those sources are used for dairy goats, which grant their use with similar efficiency to rations using source of more degradable protein.
Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o efeito do uso de fontes protéicas apresentando diferentes graus de resistência à degradação ruminal sobre o consumo, digestibilidade total e parcial, balanço de compostos nitrogenados, fluxo de nutrientes para o omaso, produção e eficiência microbiana e características ruminais. Foram utilizadas oito cabras fistuladas no rúmen, não-gestantes e não lactantes, distribuídas em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4, duplicado. Foram utilizadas quatro dietas com diferentes fontes de proteína: farelo de soja (FS), soja grão tostada (SGT), farelo de glúten de milho (FGM) e torta de algodão (TA). As rações contendo FS, SGT, FGM e TA como fontes principais de proteína não influenciaram o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e dos nutrientes. Houve redução da digestibilidade ruminal da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e dos carboidratos não-fibrosos com o uso das rações contendo SGT, FGM e TA. Os valores biológicos e a digestibilidade total das dietas contendo diferentes fontes de proteína foram semelhantes, independente do perfil da degradação ruminal. As rações com diferentes fontes protéicas não apresentaram diferença na quantidade de proteína presente no rúmen, porém as rações contendo SGT, FGM e TA promoveram um maior fluxo de matéria seca, de proteína e de carboidratos não-fibrosos para o omaso. Maiores valores para a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal foram obtidos com a ração contendo farelo de soja como principal fonte principal de proteína. Na avaliação de pH foram obtidos maiores valores para as rações contendo SGT e TA. Não houve diferença entre as rações com diferentes fontes de protína quanto à cinética de trânsito. As rações contendo SGT, FGM e TA como principais fontes protéicas apresentam menor degradabilidade ruminal comparativamente ao FS, no entanto as mesmas não diferem entre si, quanto sua disponibilidade e aproveitamento pelos animais. O uso destas fontes de proteína de menor degradabilidade ruminal promovem aumento no fluxo de nutrientes para o omaso e alteram parâmetros digestivos (como nitrogênio amoniacal e pH), sem comprometer a produção e eficiência microbiana, podendo ser utilizadas na alimentação de cabras leiteiras, o que garante o seu uso com eficiência similar à rações utilizando fontes protéicas com maior degradabilidade.
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Tokarski, Robert James II. "The 20S Proteasome as a Target for Novel Cancer Therapeutics: Development of Proteasome Inhibitors and Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs)." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587559789211309.

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Books on the topic "Total degradation"

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International, EarthRights. Total denial: A report on the Yadana pipeline project in Burma. [S.l.]: EarthRights International, 1996.

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Sutton, Michael Robert. Investigation of succinimide dispersants and their interactions using reduced total oil volume lubricant degradation. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2000.

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Smil, Vaclav. Grand Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060664.001.0001.

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The modern world was created through the combination and complex interactions of five grand transitions. First, the demographic transition changed the total numbers, dynamics, structure, and residential pattern of populations. The agricultural and dietary transition led to the emergence of highly productive cropping and animal husbandry (subsidized by fossil energies and electricity), a change that eliminated famines, reduced malnutrition, and improved the health of populations but also resulted in enormous food waste and had many environmental consequences. The energy transition brought the world from traditional biomass fuels and human and animal labor to fossil fuel, ever more efficient electricity, lights, and motors, all of which transformed both agricultural and industrial production and enabled mass-scale mobility and instant communication. Economic transition has been marked by relatively high growth rates of total national and global product, by fundamental structural transformation (from farming to industries to services), and by an increasing share of humanity living in affluent societies, enjoying unprecedented quality of life. These transitions have made many intensifying demands on the environment, resulting in ecosystemic degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and eventually change on the planetary level, with global warming being the most worrisome development. This book traces the genesis of these transitions, their interactions and complicated progress as well as their outcomes and impacts, explaining how the modern world was made—and then offers a forward-thinking examination of some key unfolding transitions and appraising their challenges and possible results.
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Dalbeth, Nicola. Pathophysiology of gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0039.

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The clinical features of gout occur in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Gout should be considered a chronic disease of MSU crystal deposition. A number of pathophysiological checkpoints are required for development of gout. First, elevated urate concentrations are required: urate overproduction and underexcretion contribute to total urate balance. Overproduction occurs due to alterations in the purine synthesis and degradation pathways. Renal underexcretion is an important cause of elevated serum urate concentrations (hyperuricaemia), and occurs through alterations in the urate transporters within the renal tubule (collectively known as the urate transportasome). Gut underexcretion (extrarenal urate underexcretion) also contributes to development of hyperuricaemia. The next checkpoint is MSU crystal formation. In some individuals with evidence of MSU crystal deposition, symptomatic gout develops. The acute inflammatory response to MSU crystals represents a self-limiting sterile acute auto-inflammatory response which is mediated by the innate immune system activation. Interleukin 1 beta is the key cytokine that contributes to the acute inflammatory response to MSU crystals. In some patients, advanced gout may occur with structural joint damage. Joint damage in gout is mediated both by direct effects of MSU crystals on joint tissue and by indirect effects of joint inflammation. In addition to their central role in pathogenesis of gout, MSU crystals have a physiological role, particularly as an adjuvant or ‘danger signal’ in immune surveillance.
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Ergas, Christina. Surviving Collapse. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197544099.001.0001.

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As environmental crises loom, this book makes an argument for radical changes in the ways in which people live in order to stave off a dystopian future. A possible way forward is radical sustainable development, which emphasizes environmental and social justice concerns that are at once transformative, or egalitarian toward total liberation, and regenerative, or restorative to heal the health of people and the planet. Radical sustainability is distinguished from weak sustainability—a critique of the neoliberal, sustainable development project that, in practice, prioritizes economic growth over people and the planet—using theories from ecofeminist, environmental justice, and postcolonial scholars. The prevailing notion of sustainable development has remained ineffective at reducing environmental degradation and social inequalities. To gauge possible solutions to these problems, the book examines two alternative, community-scale, socioecological models of development with small environmental footprints and more egalitarian social practices. Methods employed are qualitative, cross-national, and comparative. The cases are an urban ecovillage in the Pacific Northwest, United States and a Cuban urban farm in Havana. These cases are important reminders that elegant, low-cost solutions already exist for environmental harm mitigation as well as social equity and adaptation. Findings highlight that each case uses community-oriented, low-tech practices and integrates ancestral, Indigenous, and local ecological knowledges. They prioritize social and ecological efficiency and subsume economic rationality towards those ends. While neither is a panacea, both provide examples for how communities can move toward stronger forms of sustainable development and empower readers to imagine, and possibly build, more resilient futures.
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Book chapters on the topic "Total degradation"

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Gösch, Michael, Zeno Földes-Papp, Hans Blom, Johan Holm, Toni Heino, Per Thyberg, Gunnar Björk, and Rudolf Rigler. "Single Molecule Detection and Bead Trapping in Microstructures for Molecule Selection and DNA Degradation." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000, 427–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2264-3_100.

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Brown, Richard K. "‘Empowerment’ or ‘Degradation’? Total Quality Management and the Service Sector." In The Changing Shape of Work, 171–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25651-8_9.

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Hakkarainen, Minna, Lina Burman, and Ann-Christine Albertsson. "Chromatographic Analysis and Total Luminescence Intensity as Tools for Early Degradation Detection and Degradation State Estimation." In ACS Symposium Series, 307–19. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0939.ch019.

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Boonpragob, K. "Monitoring Physiological Change in Lichens: Total Chlorophyll Content and Chlorophyll Degradation." In Monitoring with Lichens — Monitoring Lichens, 323–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0423-7_28.

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Purwanti, Ipung Fitri, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris, Hassan Basri, Ainon Hamzah, Muhammad Mukhlisin, and Mohd Talib Latif. "Artificial Aeration for the Enhancement of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Degradation in Phytoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Sand." In From Sources to Solution, 301–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_55.

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Nieuwenhuizen, W. "Quantitative enzyme immunoassays for degradation products of fibrinogen (FgDP), fibrin (FbDP) and total of FgDP and FbDP (TDP)." In ECAT Assay Procedures A Manual of Laboratory Techniques, 191–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2992-3_24.

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Nieuwenhuizen, W., and R. Bos. "Soluble fibrin and degradation products of fibrinogen (FgDP), fibrin (FbDP; D-dimer) and total of FgDP and FbDP (TDP)." In Laboratory Techniques in Thrombosis - a Manual, 275–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4722-4_30.

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Metral, E., G. Rumolo, and W. Herr. "Impedance and Collective Effects." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 105–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_4.

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AbstractAs the beam intensity increases, the beam can no longer be considered as a collection of non-interacting single particles: in addition to the “single-particle phenomena”, “collective effects” become significant. At low intensity a beam of charged particles moves around an accelerator under the Lorentz force produced by the “external” electromagnetic fields (from the guiding and focusing magnets, RF cavities, etc.). However, the charged particles also interact with themselves (leading to space charge effects) and with their environment, inducing charges and currents in the surrounding structures, which create electromagnetic fields called wake fields. In the ultra-relativistic limit, causality dictates that there can be no electromagnetic field in front of the beam, which explains the term “wake”. It is often useful to examine the frequency content of the wake field (a time domain quantity) by performing a Fourier transformation on it. This leads to the concept of impedance (a frequency domain quantity), which is a complex function of frequency. The charged particles can also interact with other charged particles present in the accelerator (leading to two-stream effects, and in particular to electron cloud effects in positron/hadron machines) and with the counter-rotating beam in a collider (leading to beam–beam effects). As the beam intensity increases, all these “perturbations” should be properly quantified and the motion of the charged particles will eventually still be governed by the Lorentz force but using the total electromagnetic fields, which are the sum of the external and perturbation fields. Note that in some cases a perturbative treatment is not sufficient and the problem has to be solved self consistently. These perturbations can lead to both incoherent (i.e. of a single particle) and coherent (i.e. of the centre of mass) effects, in the longitudinal and in one or both transverse directions, leading to beam quality degradation or even partial or total beam losses. Fortunately, stabilising mechanisms exist, such as Landau damping, electronic feedback systems and linear coupling between the transverse planes (as in the case of a transverse coherent instability, one plane is usually more critical than the other).
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Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, and Shri Dewi Applanaidu. "Sustaining a Cleaner Environment by Curbing Down Biomass Energy Consumption." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_211-1.

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AbstractEnvironmental degradation, soil erosion, and desertification are some of the consequences of high rate of traditional biomass fuel use by households in developing countries. The critical issues to raise here are how can these households be encouraged to change their energy consumption behavior? What are the factors that cause the rampant use of biomass fuel in developing countries? How and to what extent can these factors be manipulated so that households in developing countries are encouraged to adopt clean energy fuel an alternative to the most widely used biomass fuel? Therefore, this chapter tries to find answer to the above questions raised, by carrying out an in depth analysis of households’ use of biomass fuel in developing countries using Bauchi State, Nigeria, as the case study. Cluster area sampling technique was utilized to generate the various responses, where a total number of 539 respondents were analyzed. The study estimated ordered logit model to analyze the factors that influence the movement of households along the energy ladder from nonclean energy to the cleaner energy. Furthermore, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was estimated to analyze the impacts of socio-economic, residential, and environmental factors on biomass energy consumption. It was found that age of the household head and his level of education, income, living in urban areas, home ownership, and hours of electricity supply have positive and significant impact on household energy switching from traditional biomass energy use to the cleaner energy. Therefore, policies that will enhance household income and the increase in the availability of cheap cleaner energy will encourage households switching to cleaner energy sources thereby reducing the level of environmental pollution in the study area.
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Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, and Shri Dewi Applanaidu. "Sustaining a Cleaner Environment by Curbing Down Biomass Energy Consumption." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1423–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_211.

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AbstractEnvironmental degradation, soil erosion, and desertification are some of the consequences of high rate of traditional biomass fuel use by households in developing countries. The critical issues to raise here are how can these households be encouraged to change their energy consumption behavior? What are the factors that cause the rampant use of biomass fuel in developing countries? How and to what extent can these factors be manipulated so that households in developing countries are encouraged to adopt clean energy fuel an alternative to the most widely used biomass fuel? Therefore, this chapter tries to find answer to the above questions raised, by carrying out an in depth analysis of households’ use of biomass fuel in developing countries using Bauchi State, Nigeria, as the case study. Cluster area sampling technique was utilized to generate the various responses, where a total number of 539 respondents were analyzed. The study estimated ordered logit model to analyze the factors that influence the movement of households along the energy ladder from nonclean energy to the cleaner energy. Furthermore, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was estimated to analyze the impacts of socio-economic, residential, and environmental factors on biomass energy consumption. It was found that age of the household head and his level of education, income, living in urban areas, home ownership, and hours of electricity supply have positive and significant impact on household energy switching from traditional biomass energy use to the cleaner energy. Therefore, policies that will enhance household income and the increase in the availability of cheap cleaner energy will encourage households switching to cleaner energy sources thereby reducing the level of environmental pollution in the study area.
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Conference papers on the topic "Total degradation"

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Harris, Richard D., Bernard G. Rax, Steven S. McClure, and Allan H. Johnston. "Degradation of RH1056 parameters at low total dose." In 2007 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2007.5205557.

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Reimbold, Gilles, Pierre Saint-Bonnet, and Jacques Gautier. "Correlation of Total Gate Current Fluence with PMOS Degradation." In 28th International Reliability Physics Symposium. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.1990.363532.

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Demidova, Alexandra V., Mikhail E. Koroteev, Dmitry V. Zavorotnov, and Dmitry V. Boychenko. "Total-Ionizing-Dose induced degradation of several quartz oscillators." In 2018 18th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs45761.2018.9328714.

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Ebmeyer, Carsten, Jens Friedrichs, Tobias Wensky, and Uwe Zachau. "Evaluation of Total Engine Performance Degradation Based on Modular Efficiencies." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45839.

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The current maintenance and overhaul of large civil jet engines is completely based on-condition and is widely customized to the individual requirements of the operation. Therefore, a very important factor for an effective and economic engine maintenance program is the investigation and appreciation of the current engine condition, as well as its individual deterioration mechanism. This paper is introducing a method to analyze the engine performance deterioration between two typical off-wing maintenance events (shop visits) so as to draw conclusions for maintenance planning and operation. In order to perform a precise evaluation the performance analysis is conducted on a modular level. Therefore the engine is divided into the following major modules: FAN, LPC, HPC, combustor, HPT, LPT and exhaust nozzle. The basis for the evaluation is the overhauled engine condition after a shop visit (pass-off test run) and the deteriorated engine condition after operation (incoming test run). These two points in the engine life cycle provide specific engine conditions that are to be analyzed by scientific and commercial software, and combined with a self-developed engine performance model in order to obtain the desired results: The individual engine deterioration during operation demonstrated by the differences of the modular performance between incoming test run and the last pass-off test run. In addition, to ensure the continuous monitoring of the performance status between the two test runs, it is important to analyze the “on-wing operation”. This is done using MTU’s Engine Trend Monitoring (ETM) system, which generates performance data based on the available in-flight data. In this paper an analysis example is used to present the analytic method and the obtained results. Reasons of deterioration are evaluated separately in reference to different environmental influences from specific geographical regions. In summary this paper introduces a solution to track the total engine performance based on modular evaluation values, starting at improvements for pass-off and incoming test runs as well as performance degradation during the on-wing time.
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Nguyen, D. N., S. M. Guertin, and J. D. Patterson. "The Effect of Total Ionizing Dose Degradation on Laptop Hard Disks." In 2005 8th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2005.4365650.

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Pershenkov, Viacheslav S., Alexander S. Bakerenkov, Vitaly A. Telets, Vladimir V. Belyakov, Vladimir V. Shurenkov, Vladislav A. Felitsyn, and Alexander S. Rodin. "Temperature dependence of the radiation degradation at high total dose levels." In 2017 17th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2017.8696106.

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Zhou, Xin, ZhangYi'an Yuan, Lei Shu, Zhenlin Lu, Ming Qiao, Zhaoji Li, and Bo Zhang. "Total Ionizing Dose Effect Induced Current Degradation for 300V SOI NLDMOS." In 2018 International Conference on Radiation Effects of Electronic Devices (ICREED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icreed.2018.8905064.

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Pezzaniti, J. Larry, James B. Hadaway, Russell A. Chipman, Donald R. Wilkes, Lee Hummer, and Jean M. Bennett. "Total integrated scatter instrument for in-space monitoring of surface degradation." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by A. Peter M. Glassford. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22603.

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Shinkarenko, Stanislav, Viktoria Doroshenko, and Asel Berdengalieva. "STEPPE FIRE DYNAMICS IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1685.978-5-317-06490-7/100-103.

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The paper presents the results of geoinformation mapping of burned areas in zonal landscapes of the Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and the Republic of Kalmykia for 1998-2019. In total, over the studied period, more than 6 million hectares were covered by fire, more than 15 thousand fires were identified. The total burnt area, excluding recurrence, is more than 15 million hectares. Some areas have burned out up to 11-14 times in 20 years.
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Ridder, Tyler D., and Ram M. Narayanan. "Total reliability of radar systems: incorporating component degradation effects in operational reliability." In Radar Sensor Technology XXIII, edited by Kenneth I. Ranney and Armin Doerry. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519725.

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Reports on the topic "Total degradation"

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Jackson, Lorri. Degradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon and BTEX Compounds in Produced Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793411.

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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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