Relevant bibliographies by topics / TOS FRF

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'TOS FRF'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Scott, C. L., D. J. Walker, E. Cwiklinski, C. Tait, A. R. Tee, and S. C. Land. "Control of HIF-1α and vascular signaling in fetal lung involves cross talk between mTORC1 and the FGF-10/FGFR2b/Spry2 airway branching periodicity clock." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 299, no. 4 (October 2010): L455—L471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00348.2009.

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Lung development requires coordinated signaling between airway and vascular growth, but the link between these processes remains unclear. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) can amplify hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) vasculogenic activity through an NH2-terminal mTOR binding (TOS) motif. We hypothesized that this mechanism coordinates vasculogenesis with the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-10/FGF-receptor2b/Spry2 regulator of airway branching. First, we tested if the HIF-1α TOS motif participated in epithelial-mesenchymal vascular signaling. mTORC1 activation by insulin significantly amplified HIF-1α activity at fetal Po2 (23 mmHg) in human bronchial epithelium (16HBE14o-) and induced vascular traits (Flk1, sprouting) in cocultured human embryonic lung mesenchyme (HEL-12469). This enhanced activation of HIF-1α by mTORC1 was abolished on expression of a HIF-1α (F99A) TOS-mutant and also suppressed vascular differentiation of HEL-12469 cocultures. Next, we determined if vasculogenesis in fetal lung involved regulation of mTORC1 by the FGF-10/FGFR2b/Spry2 pathway. Fetal airway epithelium displayed distinct mTORC1 activity in situ, and its hyperactivation by TSC1−/− knockout induced widespread VEGF expression and disaggregation of Tie2-positive vascular bundles. FGF-10-coated beads grafted into fetal lung explants from Tie2-LacZ transgenic mice induced localized vascular differentiation in the peripheral mesenchyme. In rat fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells cultured at fetal Po2, FGF-10 induced mTORC1 and amplified HIF-1α activity and VEGF secretion without induction of ERK1/2. This was accompanied by the formation of a complex between Spry2, the cCBL ubiquitin ligase, and the mTOR repressor, TSC2, which abolished GTPase activity directed against Rheb, the G protein inducer of mTORC1. Thus, mTORC1 links HIF-1α-driven vasculogenesis with the FGF-10/FGFR2b/Spry2 airway branching periodicity regulator.
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AHN, Se Jin, Seung Yup KIM, Ho Kyeong JEONG, Weui Bong JEONG, and Wan Suk YOO. "Enhancement of the TFS Method by Removing Bias Errors in FRF." JSME International Journal Series C 48, no. 1 (2005): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.48.87.

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Bardi, Lara, Ryota Kanai, Daniela Mapelli, and Vincent Walsh. "TMS of the FEF Interferes with Spatial Conflict." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 6 (June 2012): 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00223.

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In the Simon task, a conflict arises because irrelevant spatial information competes for response selection either facilitating or interfering with performance. Responses are faster when stimulus and response position correspond than when they do not. The FEFs, which have long been characterized for their role in oculomotor control, are also involved in the control of visuospatial attention when eye movements are not required. This study was aimed at investigating whether the FEFs contribute to spatial conflict. Double-pulse TMS was applied to the FEF of either left or right hemisphere during the execution of a Simon task at different time windows after the onset of the visual stimulus. A suppression of the Simon effect was observed after stimulation of the FEF for stimuli appearing in the contralateral hemifield when TMS was applied to the left hemisphere after stimulus onset (0–40 and 40–80 msec). A reduction of the correspondence effect was observed after right FEF TMS for stimuli presented in the left visual hemifield when stimulation was delivered in the 80–120 msec range after stimulus onset. These outcomes indicate that the FEF play a critical role in encoding spatial attribute of a stimulus for response priming, which is the prerequisite for response conflict in the Simon task. Moreover, our finding that the left FEF have a dominant role during spatial conflict extends the idea of the left-hemisphere lateralization of the motor network in action selection by suggesting that the FEF may constitute part of this network.
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Taylor, P. C. J., A. C. Nobre, and M. F. S. Rushworth. "FEF TMS Affects Visual Cortical Activity." Cerebral Cortex 17, no. 2 (February 22, 2006): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj156.

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Kenney, W. L., C. G. Tankersley, D. L. Newswanger, and S. M. Puhl. "Alpha 1-adrenergic blockade does not alter control of skin blood flow during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): H855—H861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.3.h855.

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Human skin blood flow (SkBF) is controlled by both an alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor system and an active vasodilator system. During upright dynamic exercise, SkBF increases linearly with increasing body core temperature (Tc) until higher (i.e., greater than 38 degrees C) Tcs, beyond which little further increase in SkBF occurs. To examine the role of the two efferent control arms in this attenuated SkBF rise, we tested nine men (aged 25-53 yr) with and without (placebo) orally administered prazosin HCl (an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist) during 1 h of moderate cycle exercise (100 W) in a warm (36 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) environment. Blockade of reflex vasoconstriction was verified via a cold challenge. During exercise, mean arterial pressure (MAP, brachial auscultation) was significantly lower (P less than 0.03) and heart rate significantly higher (P less than 0.02) during the prazosin trials; plasma catecholamine concentrations were unaffected. Neither esophageal temperature (Tes) nor mean skin temperature was affected by the drug during exercise. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was calculated from forearm blood flow (FBF, venous occlusion plethysmography) and MAP (FVC = FBF/MAP). FVC plotted as a function of time or Tes resulted in coincident response patterns for the placebo and prazosin treatments, reaching a plateau at a Tes of about 38 degrees C. The responses of the older men were not selectively altered by prazosin treatment, indicating that the lower FBF responses previously seen in older subjects during exercise in the heat does not appear to be the result of an increased alpha 1-adrenergic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Silvanto, Juha, Nilli Lavie, and Vincent Walsh. "Stimulation of the Human Frontal Eye Fields Modulates Sensitivity of Extrastriate Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 2 (August 2006): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00015.2006.

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The precise role of frontal eye fields (FEF) in vision independent of their role in eye movements remains a matter of debate. One proposal is that the FEF exert top-down influences on the extrastriate visual cortex prior to eye movement preparation. Here we establish, by use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), that activity in the human FEFs has a direct effect on the sensitivity of extrastriate visual area MT/V5, and that the spatial organization of this top-down effect is lateralized in the human brain. We show that phosphene threshold—the TMS intensity required to elicit a visual perception—for MT/V5 stimulation changes as a function of the delay between the application of TMS over FEF and MT/V5. The effects were specific to the location and time of stimulation. Stimulation of FEF 20–40 ms prior to stimulation of MT/V5 decreased the intensity of MT/V5 stimulation required to elicit phosphenes: TMS of the right FEF changed the sensitivity of left and right MT/V5 whereas TMS of the left FEF changed the sensitivity only of the left MT/V5. Thus, the sensitivity of human extrastriate cortex is modulated by activity in the FEF.
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Kolka, Margaret A., and Lou A. Stephenson. "Effect of luteal phase elevation in core temperature on forearm blood flow during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.4.1079.

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Kolka, Margaret A., and Lou A. Stephenson. Effect of luteal phase elevation in core temperature on forearm blood flow during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1079–1083, 1997.—Forearm blood flow (FBF) as an index of skin blood flow in the forearm was measured in five healthy women by venous occlusion plethysmography during leg exercise at 80% peak aerobic power and ambient temperature of 35°C (relative humidity 22%; dew-point temperature 10°C). Resting esophageal temperature (Tes) was 0.3 ± 0.1°C higher in the midluteal than in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle ( P < 0.05). Resting FBF was not different between menstrual cycle phases. The Tes threshold for onset of skin vasodilation was higher (37.4 ± 0.2°C) in midluteal than in early follicular phase (37.0 ± 0.1°C; P < 0.05). The slope of the FBF to Tes relationship was not different between menstrual cycle phases (14.0 ± 4.2 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ °C−1for early follicular and 16.3 ± 3.2 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ °C−1for midluteal phase). Plateau FBF was higher during exercise in midluteal (14.6 ± 2.2 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ °C−1) compared with early follicular phase (10.9 ± 2.4 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ °C−1; P < 0.05). The attenuation of the increase in FBF to Tes occurred when Tes was 0.6°C higher and at higher FBF in midluteal than in early follicular experiments ( P < 0.05). In summary, the FBF response is different during exercise in the two menstrual cycle phases studied. After the attenuation of the increase in FBF and while Tes was still increasing, the greater FBF in the midluteal phase may have been due to the effects of increased endogenous reproductive endocrines on the cutaneous vasculature.
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O'Shea, Jacinta, Neil G. Muggleton, Alan Cowey, and Vincent Walsh. "Timing of Target Discrimination in Human Frontal Eye Fields." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 6 (July 2004): 1060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929041502634.

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Frontal eye field (FEF) neurons discharge in response to behaviorally relevant stimuli that are potential targets for saccades. Distinct visual and motor processes have been dissociated in the FEF of macaque monkeys, but little is known about the visual processing capacity of FEF in humans. We used double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation [(d)TMS] to investigate the timing of target discrimination during visual conjunction search. We applied dual TMS pulses separated by 40 msec over the right FEF and vertex. These were applied in five timing conditions to sample separate time windows within the first 200 msec of visual processing. (d)TMS impaired search performance, reflected in reduced d′ scores. This effect was limited to a time window between 40 and 80 msec after search array onset. These parameters correspond with single-cell activity in FEF that predicts monkeys' behavioral reports on hit, miss, false alarm, and correct rejection trials. Our findings demonstrate a crucial early role for human FEF in visual target discrimination that is independent of saccade programming.
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Han, Zhen Yu, Xiang Zhang, Hong Ya Fu, and Ya Zhou Sun. "Receptance Coupling for Micro-End-Milling." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2391.

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Micro-end-milling tools are suitable for machining miniature parts which have complex shape. As the diameters of tools are too small, cannot directly obtain the frequency response functions (FRFs) through impact hammer test at tool tip. This paper employs Receptance Coupling method (RC), couple the tool tip’s FRFs with machine-toolholder system’s FRF, and then get the micro-end-milling tool’s FRF. Establish the coupling model, then finite element and hammer test of the blank gauge tools are used to obtain the coupling transfer functions (TFs). Then analyze the tool tip model by finite element, couple with the machine-toolholder system hammer test result and coupling transfer functions, finally the micro-end-milling tool’s FRFs are obtained. Through the hammer test of blank gauge tool, the effectiveness and feasibility of RC method are verified. The result shows that the RC method is accurate at micro-end-milling tool in steady state milling.
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Muggleton, Neil G., Roger Kalla, Chi-Hung Juan, and V. Walsh. "Dissociating the contributions of human frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortex to visual search." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 6 (June 2011): 2891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01149.2009.

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Imaging, lesion, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have implicated a number of regions of the brain in searching for a target defined by a combination of attributes. The necessity of both frontal eye fields (FEF) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in task performance has been shown by the application of TMS over these regions. The effects of stimulation over these two areas have, thus far, proved to be remarkably similar and the only dissociation reported being in the timing of their involvement. We tested the hypotheses that 1) FEF contributes to performance in terms of visual target detection (possibly by modulation of activity in extrastriate areas with respect to the target), and 2) PPC is involved in translation of visual information for action. We used a task where the presence (and location) of the target was indicated by an eye movement. Task disruption was seen with FEF TMS (with reduced accuracy on the task) but not with PPC stimulation. When a search task requiring a manual response was presented, disruption with PPC TMS was seen. These results show dissociation of FEF and PPC contributions to visual search performance and that PPC involvement seems to be dependent on the response required by the task, whereas this is not the case for FEF. This supports the idea of FEF involvement in visual processes in a manner that might not depend on the required response, whereas PPC seems to be involved when a manual motor response to a stimulus is required.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Dostál, Martin. "Konstrukční návrh lineární osy pro multifunkční obráběcí centrum." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443239.

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This diploma thesis is concerned with providing a construction proposal of a linear axis X for multifunctional machining center. Moreover, this work presents characterisations of machining centers, overview of manufacturers, list of main construction components used in the linear axis, their evaluation, assessment of various options for construction, which are then explained further. These detailed construction methods include calculations with the subsequent choice of feed system component. Ultimately, final evaluation of chosen option is provided as well. Another section of this thesis is also an economical assessment and 3D model alongside with mechanical drawing.
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Kervel, Barth Alette Jerring van. "Cloudbaserte systemer – deskriptiv beslutningsmodell : Fra litteraturens, kundens og leverandørens perspektiv." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36443.

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Technology that is widely discussed in the business community today is cloud computing and cloud-based systems, as a cloud-based CRM-system. Considering that large companies, such as Google, Netflix and Microsoft, use this type of technology, it is important to ask whether such systems add something to the business or whether it is just an IT trend. The purpose of this study is therefore to create a decision model that will determine whether the company will implement a cloud-based system or maintain it in on-premises. The decision model should shed light on various criteria for cloud-based solutions. The study will be designed with the help of the TOE framework (technology, organization and environment). The aim of the study is to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the consequences and benefits of cloud-based systems? (2) what are the differences between the criteria in the literature compare to what you  practice? (3) Are there differences in the views of the supplier and the customer around this area? The result is based on qualitative interviews with people from the supplier and the customer. The interviews also represent the TOE framework. In addition, an interview with an external expert has been carried out in order to evaluate and support the results of the conducted interviews. The survey has resulted in a decision model with three alternatives and eleven criterias. The analysis shows that there is a difference in what the literature emphasizes compared to what you actually are doing.  The views between the supplier and the customer are also different. Where the customer does not want to lose control and experience a lock-in effect. On the other hand, the supplier wants to deliver the latest technology and give new challenges to their employees. The study can be concluded as follows: the main reason for not implementing the cloud-based system for the customer is; deposit, cost and loss of control. The main reason for implementing the cloud-based system for the vendor is; consultant development, functionality and availability.
Teknologi er altomfattende og oppslukende. Teknologiutvikling aksele-rerer raskere hver eneste dag, og kan raskt bidra til å skape et skille mellom de aktører som følger utviklingen og de som uteblir fra utvik-lingen.  Tilfører cloudbaserte og cloud computing nytte til bedriften eller er det kun en IT-trend? Hensikten med dette studiet er derfor å skape en beslutningsmodell som skal avgjøre om bedriften skal implementere et cloudbasert system eller bevare de systemer de har i dag i et  on-premises miljø. Beslutningsmodellen skal belyse ulike kriterier innen cloudbaserte løsninger. Studien skal utformes med hjelp av TOE-rammeverket (teknologi, organisasjon og miljø). Målet med studien er å besvare følgende forskningsspørsmål: (1) hvilke konsekvenser og nytteverdier medfører cloudbaserte systemer? (2) hvilke forskjeller er det mellom kriteriene i litteraturen og det som utføres i praksis? (3) finns det forskjeller på synspunktene til leverandøren og kunden rundt dette fagområdet? Resultatet bygger på kvalitative intervjuer med personer fra leverandøren av tjenesten og kunden. I tillegg har det blitt gjennom-ført et intervju med en ekstern ekspert, for å evaluere og støtte opp under resultatet fra gjennomførte  intervjuer. Undersøkelsen har resul-tert i en beslutningsmodell med to alternativ og elleve kriterier. Analy-sen viser at det er forskjeller  på hvilke kriterier litteraturen vektlegger sammenlignet med de kriterier som benyttes i praksis. Det er også forskjeller mellom de synspunkter som mellom leverandøren utrykker sammenlignet med og kundens synspunkter. Kunden ønsker ikke  å miste kontrollen og opplever en innlåsingseffekt. Leverandøren derimot ønsker å levere den nyeste teknologien samt bidra til økt stimulering gjennom effektivisering av arbeidsprosesser og rutiner. Dette bidrar til å stimulere og utfordre den enkelte ansatte.  Studien kan konkluderes på følgende måte: hovedårsaken for å ikke implementere cloudbaserte system for kunden er; innlåsing, investering og driftskostnad og risiko for tap av kontroll. Hovedårsaken  for å implementere et cloudbaserte system for leverandøren er; organisasjonens mulighet til å jobbe med nyeste teknologi stimulerer til økt konsulent utvikling, funksjonalitet og tilgjengelighet.
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Richard, France Portalier Serge. "De mes yeux à tes mains." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/richard_f.

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Melfi, Lorenzo. "Ricostruzione di segnali multipli del rivelatore a tempo di volo (ToF) di ALICE: confronto fra dati e Monte Carlo." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9579/.

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La fisica delle collisioni ad alte energie è, ad oggi, uno dei campi di ricerca più interessante per la verifica di modelli teorici che spieghino la nascita e la formazione dell'universo in cui viviamo. In quest'ottica lavorano esperimenti presso i più importanti acceleratori di particelle: tra questi anche l'esperimento ALICE, presso il Large Hadron Collider LHC del CERN di Ginevra. Il suo scopo principale è quello di verificare e ampliare l'insieme delle prove sperimentali alla base sull'esistenza di un nuovo stato della materia: il Quark Gluon Plasma. La presenza della transizione di fase della materia adronica ordinaria a QGP era stata teorizzata da diversi studi termodinamici e da calcoli di QCD su reticolo: in particolare si prevedeva l'esistenza di uno stato della materia in cui i quark sono deconfinati. Il QGP è dunque un plasma colorato e densissimo di quark e gluoni, liberi di interagire tra loro. Queste condizioni sarebbero state quelle dell'universo primordiale, circa 1µs dopo il Big Bang: a seguito di una transizione di fase, si sarebbe poi formata tutta la materia adronica ordinaria. Per riprodurre le condizioni necessarie alla formazione del QGP occorrono collisioni ad energie ultrarelativistiche come quelle prodotte, negli ultimi anni, dall'acceleratore LHC. Uno dei principali rivelatori dedicati all'identificazione di particelle in ALICE è il sistema a tempo di volo TOF. Nonostante un attento processo di ottimizzazione della risoluzione delle sue componenti, persistono residui errori strumentali che limitano la qualità (già ottima) del segnale, tutt'oggi oggetto di studio. L'elaborato presentato in questa tesi è suddiviso in tre capitoli: nel primo ripercorriamo gli aspetti teorici del Modello Standard e del Quark Gluon Plasma. Nel secondo descriviamo la struttura di rivelazione di ALICE, analizzando il funzionamento delle singole componenti. Nel terzo, infine, verifichiamo le principali correzioni al TOF ad oggi note, confrontando i dati a nostra disposizione con delle simulazioni Monte Carlo: questo ci permette da un lato di approfondirne la conoscenza, dall'altro di cercarne di migliorare la descrizione del comportamento del rivelatore.
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Groebe, Bernadette [Verfasser], Raymon Akademischer Betreuer] Voltz, and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] [Karenberg. "Die Erfassung von Einstellungen zu Sterben, Tod und der Endlichkeit des Lebens in der Versorgung / Bernadette Groebe ; Akademische Betreuer: Raymon Voltz, Axel Karenberg." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:38m-frl:64185633.

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Magnussen, Anne-Mette. "Domstolskapt rett : en institusjonell analyse av utviklingen av regelen om ulovfestet objektivt ansvar fra 1866 til 2003 /." Bergen : Inst. for Administrasjon og Organisasjonsvitenskap, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/516624229.pdf.

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Richard, France. "De mes yeux à tes mains : étude différentielle du statut visuel : exemple de l'exploration haptique de figures géométriques bi-dimensionnelles." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/richard_f.

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Cette recherche étudie l'incidence d'un entraînement haptique sur les performances et les procédés d'exploration haptique, dans une tache de reconnaissance de figures géométriques bi-dimensionnelles, selon le statut visuel des sujets (voyants sous occlusion visuelle, aveugles tardifs et précoces). Notre problématique s'interroge sur les conséquences des différences de structuration cognitive des sujets, en fonction de leur statut visuel. Nous postulons que le mode de raisonnement des voyants et des aveugles tardifs sera différent de celui des aveugles précoces, et ce, quelle que soit leur expérience haptique. Nous avons observé la progression différentielle des performances générales et du choix des procédés d'exploration, en fonction du statut visuel, ainsi que le rôle de la difficulté des items. Les résultats indiquent que les voyants sont moins performants que les aveugles, dans notre tache de reconnaissance de dessins géométriques, mais que leurs performances s'améliorent significativement. Les aveugles obtiennent des résultats élevés, dès la première épreuve. L'amélioration n'est donc perceptible qu'à travers la diminution de la viabilité interindividuelle. Par ailleurs, les temps d'exploration sont plus longs pour les voyants et les aveugles tardifs, que pour les aveugles précoces. La difficulté des items ne perturbe pas ce rapport. Ces résultats valident l'hypothèse d'une tentative de traduction visuelle des informations haptiques, parallèlement à un traitement direct. D'autre part, nous avons observé une préférence pour les procédés métriques chez les aveugles, tandis que les voyants recourent à tous les procédés disponibles. L'entraînement ne permet pas de sélectionner un ou deux procédés. Enfin, nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence un effet de la main d'exploration. De nouvelles recherches seront nécessaires, pour compléter cette étude et mieux comprendre l'évolution des procédés d'exploration et l'incidence du statut visuel sur ceux-ci
This research tries to study the effect of an haptic training on the performances and the processes of haptic exploration developped in a recognition task of two-dimensional geometrical figures: this depends on the visual status of the subjects (blindfolded persons, early or late blind persons). Our problematic questions the subjects' different cognitive structurings and their consequences, according to their visual status. We postulate that the reasoning mode of sighted persons and late blind persons is different from the one of early blind persons, whatever their haptic experience. We have analysed the differential progression of general performances, the choice of the exploration processes and the role played by the difficulty level of the items, according to the visual status. The results show that sighted persons are less effective than blind persons, late or early ones, in our recognition task of geometrical figures, but that they can significantly increase their performances. Blind persons get high results at the first test. Hence their progress is not abvious. Yet, we can find some through the reduction of interpersonal variability. Besides, the exploration time is longer for sighted persons and late blind persons, compared with early blind ones. The difficulty of the items does not alter this link between the groups. These results validate the hypothesis of an attempt to translate visually the information, parallel to a direct processing of haptic information. As for the exploration processes, we have noticed that blind subjects prefer metrical processes whereas sighted persons appeal to all the processes at their disposal. The training does not allow them to select one or two processes. Eventually, we have not been able to underscore any impact of the explorating hand new researches would be necessary to complete this study and to understand better the evolution of exploration processes and the impact of the visual status on them
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Michetti, Michele. "Misura della sezione d'urto differenziale di produzione top-antitop con l'esperimento atlas ad lhc." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6277/.

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Il documento contiene un'analisi sull'accordo fra le misure delle sezioni d’urto differenziali del sistema top-antitop registrate nel 2011 dall’esperimento ATLAS a un'energia del centro di massa di 7 TeV e le predizioni teoriche.
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Martin, Clara. "Effets "top-down" lexicaux et attentionnels sur la reconnaissance de mots isolés en modalité visuelle : étude en potentiels évoqués chez des adultes normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/martin_c.

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Les processus de traitement orthographique mis en place lors de la reconnaissance visuelle de séquences de lettres peuvent être décomposés en trois phases activées de manière interactive et parallèle : le traitement des traits visuels, des lettres et des séquences de lettres. Afin de définir quelles phases de traitement sont influencées par les connaissances lexicales (effets "Top-down" lexicaux) et les conditions d'attention des sujets (effets "Top-down" attentionnels), nous avons réalisé deux études utilisant la technique des Potentiels Evoqués, et comparant des sujets adultes normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques. Pour les deux groupes de sujets, l'analyse des traits visuels d'une séquence de lettres (onde P1) est influencée par la position du regard dans la séquence, alors qu'elle est indépendante du temps de présentation ainsi que des effets "Top-down" lexicaux et attentionnels. Les phases de traitement des lettres d'une séquence (onde N1) et de la séquence elle-même (onde négative latéralisée à gauche) sont dépendantes des facteurs "Bottom-up" de temps de présentation et de position de regard, des facteurs "Top-down" lexicaux et attentionnels, ainsi que d'un certain nombre d'interactions entre ces facteurs. Les sujets dyslexiques testés diffèrent significativement des sujets contrôles au niveau des stades de traitement des lettres et des séquences de lettres ainsi que des effets "Top-down" influençant ces deux phases. Par ailleurs, les trois stades de traitement des séquences de lettres sont automatisés chez les sujets normo-lecteurs, cette automatisation faisant défaut aux sujets dyslexiques
Orthographic processes that take place during visual recognition of letter sequences can be dissociated into three different stages activated in an interactive and parallel manner: visual feature analysis, letter processing and letter sequence processing. In order to define which processing stages are influenced by respectively lexical knowledge (lexical “Top-down” effects) and the load of attention required by a task (attentional “Top-down” effects), we performed two ERP studies comparing fluent readers and dyslexic adults. For both subject groups, visual feature analysis of letter sequences (P1 peak) was influenced by gaze position in the sequence, but was independent of other factors, namely display duration, lexical and attentional “Top-down” effects. The letter processing (N1 peak) as well as the letter sequence processing (left-lateralized negative peak) were influenced by both "Bottom-up" effects (display duration and gaze position), and lexical and attentional "Top-down" effects; moreover interactions between these factors were observed. Results from dyslexic subjects differed from controls at both letter and letter sequence stages. They also differ in the "Top-down" effects that influenced these stages. Finally, these results suggest that these reading processes were automated in fluent readers but not in dyslexic subjects
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Lyöri, V. (Veijo). "Structural monitoring with fibre-optic sensors using the pulsed time-of-flight method and other measurement techniques." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514287022.

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Abstract This thesis deals with the developing of fibre-optic instruments for monitoring the health of civil engineering and composite structures. A number of sensors have been tested for use with different road structures, concrete bridges, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) containers and other composite specimens, the interrogation methods being mainly based on measuring optical power and time-of-flight (TOF). The main focus is on the development of a fibre-optic TOF measurement system and its applications, but different sensing needs and fibre-optic measurement systems are also reviewed, with the emphasis on commercial devices. Deformation in a road structure was studied with microbending sensors of gauge-length about 10 cm and a commercial optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) in a quasi-distributed fashion. The responses of the optical fibre sensors during the one-year measurement period were similar in shape to those obtained with commercial strain gauges but the absolute measurement values typically deviated by several tens of per cent. Low dynamic range, crosstalk and poor signal-to-noise ratio proved to be the main problem when measuring several successive sensors with an OTDR. In another road investigation, microbending and speckle sensors were found useful for providing on/off-type information for traffic control applications. FRP composite containers were investigated with the focus on developing a continuous monitoring system for improving yield and quality by evaluating the state of cure during the manufacturing process and for assessing damage, e.g. delaminations, during service life. Standard multi-mode and single mode fibres with a typical length of a few hundreds of metres were embedded inside the walls of containers during the normal manufacturing process, and the measurements were carried out using an optical through-power technique and an OTDR. This largely empirical investigation revealed that the coating material and its thickness have an effect on loading sensitivity and on the applicability of the method for cure monitoring. The measurement data also indicated that the end-of-curing process and the location of external damage can be determined with a distributed optical fibre sensor and an OTDR. Several versions of a pulsed time-of-flight measurement system were developed for interrogating sensor arrays consisting of multiple long gauge-length sensors. The early versions based on commercial electronics were capable of producing relevant measurement data with a reasonable precision, but they suffered especially from poor spatial resolution, low sampling rate and long-term drift. The high precision TOF system developed in this thesis is capable of measuring time delays between a number of wideband reflectors, such as connectors or fibre Bragg gratings (FBG), along a fibre path with a precision of about 280 fs (rms-value) and a spatial resolution of about 3 ns (0.30 m) in a measurement time of 25 milliseconds. By using a fibre loop sensor with a reference fibre, a strain precision below 1 με and a measurement frequency of 4 Hz can be achieved. The system has proved comparable in performance to a commercial FBG interrogation system in monitoring the behaviour of a bridge deck, while the fact that it allows static and dynamic measurements with a number of long gauge-length sensors, also embedded in FRP composite material, makes this TOF device unique relative to other measurement systems.
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Books on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Pedersen, Viggo Hjørnager. Fra T.S. Eliots verden: Eliot som kritiker, samfundsdebattør og digter. [Copenhagen]: Dept. of English, University of Copenhagen, 1989.

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Pinocchio balocco: Cent'anni del burattino fra artigianato e industria del giocattolo. Pisa: ETS, 2003.

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Cevasco, Roberta, Carlo Alberto Gemignani, Daniela Poli, and Luisa Rossi, eds. Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.

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Massimo Quaini (1941-2017) was one of the most eminent figures in geography. A group of scholars dedicate this book to him in order to keep unwinding, in the world’s labyrinth, the thread of his reflections, that placed geography among territorial sciences making them object of civil commitment. His critical, transdisciplinary thinking did never recognize boundaries but only fruitful differences of perspective: his highest legacy, perhaps, lays in this impulse to integrate different skills (of historians, poets, archaeologists, ecologists, planners…) to return the world’s places their value. This is therefore not a typical ‘in memoriam’ book on Quaini’s topics but, as we dare say, a book with Quaini.
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Cavana, Giovanni Nicolò. Lettere ad Angelico Aprosio (1665-1675). Edited by Luca Tosin. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-236-9.

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The critical edition of the correspondence (1665-1675), today housed at the University of Genoa library, between the Genoan patrician Nicolò Cavana and the bibliophile Fra' Angelico Aprosio di Ventimiglia includes an introduction and transcription of the letters, with both bibliographical and (where possible) explanatory notes on some now outdated terms. In consideration of the private nature of the 286 letters, reading them gives an interesting and informal view of seventeenth-century life, as well as much information on the variegated world of the Baroque book culture providing a constant backdrop to the relationship of collaboration and friendship between the two figures.
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Corsani, Gabriele, and Marco Bini, eds. La Facoltà di Architettura di Firenze fra tradizione e cambiamento. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-416-3.

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The volume comprises the proceedings of the study days in the Faculty of Architecture (29-30 April 2004) broken down into four thematic sections: The original characteristics of the Florentine school, From Higher School to Faculty, the Florentine school and the contributions from outside, Contemporary metamorphoses. The contributions focus the phases of formation and evolution of the Higher School (1926) and later Faculty (1936) of Architecture, underlining the most significant passages, starting from the initial consolidation of the didactic structure and the emergence of a "Florentine school" characterised by the two strands traceable to Raffaello Fanoni and Giovanni Michelucci. A parallel experience is provided by the contribution of the external teachers, in particular of the Roman school, with lively and at times conflicting approaches. The present situation, albeit with the necessary disciplinary dialectic, features a settlement of the divergences around themes of the relations between architecture, environment and landscape.
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Nesti, Arnaldo, ed. Il multiculturalismo e il pluralismo religioso fra illusione e realtà. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-477-1.

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Multiculturalism confirms that peoples of different roots can coexist beyond the boundaries of race, language and religion. In recent times, with the accentuation of new migratory processes, the West has however come to find itself between integration and conflict. New political and religious fundamentalisms have emerged that are threatening the encounter between different cultures. On the one side is fear, and on the other the values of tolerance and respect. This book contains a number of reflections presented at the XII International Summer School on Religions (San Gimignano, 27-31 August 2005) organised by the International Centre for Studies on Contemporary Religion.
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Cengarle, Federica, Giorgio Chittolini, and Gian Maria Varanini, eds. Poteri signorili e feudali nelle campagne dell'Italia settentrionale fra Tre e Quattrocento: fondamenti di legittimità e forme di esercizio. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-254-x.

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This volume contains the proceedings of the study convention held in Milan on 11 and 12 April 2003. The objective of these study days was to address the question of the powers of lordship which were exercised in the countryside of central-northern Italy between the mid fourteenth century and the end of the fifteenth century. The discussions focused on what instruments and what foundations of legitimacy these same powers had and what was their relationship with the authority of the prince and with the ordinary citizen, on the one hand, and with the community and the homines on the other. These and various other issues thrown up by the study of feudal power are the topics which emerge in the various contributions gathered in this volume, devoted principally to the Lombardy of the Visconti and the Sforza, but also to other areas of Italy.
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Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed. Le interazioni fra economia e ambiente biologico nell'Europa preindustriale secc. XIII-XVIII. Economic and biological interactions in pre-industrial Europe from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-596-2.

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Pests, parasites and pathogenic agents have exerted a notable influence on the process of economic development of pre-industrial Europe, in view of their influence on the health, longevity and reproduction of human beings, plants and animals. On each occasion man has reacted to biological uncertainty with responses that were public or private, formal or informal and differed in both efficacy and cost. Success has always been partial, and dependent on experience, knowledge and the investment of economic resources. These reciprocal influences have never been allocated an appropriate or convincing place in the institutional model or those of Smith, Malthus, Ricardo or Marx, typically exploited to describe and explain the flux and reflux of the economic development of pre-industrial Europe. In these proceedings of Study Week promoted by the Fondazione Datini, the leading experts in the sector have undertaken to analyse, exemplify and discuss the precise nature of the complex interactions between economic and biological processes and agents. Adopying a stimulating, innovative and interdisciplinary approach, they appraise the degree to which such processes acted in reciprocal independence, whether there was a significant co-evolution and what prospects there are for developing explanatory models that better grasp the essentially bilateral nature of such interactions.
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Surya, Deva. Part VI Rights—Structure and Scope, Ch.35 Saving Clauses: the Ninth Schedule and Articles 31A–C. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0035.

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This chapter examines the drafting history, nature, scope, (mis)use, and relevance of the so-called ‘saving clauses’ of the Indian Constitution: Article 31A, Article 31B read with the Ninth Schedule, and Article 31C. They are designed to protect laws aimed at agrarian reforms or at implementing certain Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) from a potential constitutional challenge on the ground of violating fundamental rights (FRs), andexceptionally allow certain laws to override FRs. This chapter offers an alternative reading of the saving clauses and discusses the Ninth Schedule, arguing that, despite being misused in the past, it might not be abused in the future, and that the Basic Structure doctrine is inappropriate to test the validity of laws inserted in the Ninth Schedule. It also suggests that the judiciary misconstrued their role with respect to the right to property as a FR, as well as the value of DPSPs relative to FRs.
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Almeida, Joseph A. Solon’s Reception of Hesiod’s Works and Days. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.41.

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This chapter presents observations about the relationship between the poetry of Hesiod and of Solon (Works and Days 213–326 and Solon frr. 4 and 13). In the first half of fr. 4 Solon, through a series of allusions, incorporates into his poem Hesiod’s authority on dikē to validate condemnation of injustice in his own city, and in the second half of the poem he turns the Hesiodic pessimism of this injustice into an optimistic hope for his city’s just future. In fr. 13 Solon expands Hesiod’s notion of Zeus as the punisher of injustice to create a pessimistic view of human life darker than Hesiod’s own. A final discussion of the scholarly division on the question of whether dikē in Solon is essentially Hesiodic or something new in Greek thought rounds out the observations on the relation between the poets and confirms Solon’s dependence on Hesiod.
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Book chapters on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Kopietz, Peter, Lorenz Bartosch, and Florian Schütz. "Exact FRG Flow Equations." In Introduction to the Functional Renormalization Group, 181–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05094-7_7.

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Liu, MengZhu, YiCheng Jiang, Yun Zhang, and Min Jia. "TOA Estimation of Unknown Chirp Signal Based on Short Time FRFT and Hough Transform." In Wireless and Satellite Systems, 78–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19153-5_8.

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Kaupenjohann, Martin, Wolfgang Schaaf, and Wolfgang Zech. "Norway Spruce Decline in NE Bavaria/FRG." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 586–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_69.

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Sanei, Seyed Hamid Reza, and Ray S. Fertig. "Generation of Synthetic FRP Microstructures Based on Experimentally Observed Microstructures." In TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 1041–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_126.

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Kodur, Venkatesh K. R. "Strategies for Enhancing Fire Performance of NSM FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams." In Multi-hazard Approaches to Civil Infrastructure Engineering, 253–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29713-2_12.

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Seppain, Hélène. "Trade and the New Ostpolitik, 1962–72; The Triangle FRG-GDR-USSR." In Contrasting US and German Attitudes to Soviet Trade, 1917–91, 179–209. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12602-6_9.

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Pierce, Jerry B. "Autonomy, Dissent, and the Crusade Against Fra Dolcino in Fourteenth-Century Valsesia." In Religion, Power, and Resistance from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Centuries, 195–213. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137431059_11.

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"Inhaltsübersicht." In Fri – Hap, XXIII. De Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110213904.toc.

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Wu, Qiong, Chunlin Li, Satoshi Takahashi, and Jinglong Wu. "Visual-Tactile Bottom-Up and Top-Down Attention." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 183–91. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch019.

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In recent years, there have been many studies on attention. These studies have found that there are two distinct kinds of neural networks employed for visual attention and tactile attention, respectively. This review summarizes the processing mechanism of these attention-related brain networks. One type is the top-down attention related brain structure, which includes the IPs/SPL (intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule)-FEF (frontal eye field). The other is the bottom-up attention related brain structure, which includes the TPJ (temporoparietal junction)-VFC (ventral frontal cortex). Regarding research into tactile attention, in conclusion, the authors found that tactile attention had a similar neural network to that of visual attention in that there was top-down attention to the relevant IPs-FEF and bottom-up attention to the relevant TPJ-VFC.
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May Alcott, Louisa. "Castles in the Air." In Little Women. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538119.003.0016.

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Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock, one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods; for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and...
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Conference papers on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Baran, Utku, Kivanc Hedili, Selim Olcer, and Hakan Urey. "FR4 Electromagnetic Scanner Based Fourier Transform Spectrometer." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48161.

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Fourier transform spectrometers require an interferometric optical setup, where a precisely controlled motion of a mirror on a moving stage and a reference mirror are required. FR4, a common printed circuit board substrate, and the standard PCB technology is used to develop a simple gimbaled scanner structure with high precision to implement into a low-cost and viable Fourier Transform Spectrometer. On top of the corner cube reflector based tilt-insensitive setup, magnetic actuation optimization using twin opposing magnets solution is found to be helpful to enhance interference data. Large Lorentz force is generated for out-of-plane deflection while the torsional motion of the scanner is restricted. ±162.8um out-of-plane translation at 149 Hz resonance is realized with torsion effect deteriorated result which corresponds to <1nm spectral resolution at visible wavelengths.
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Moreno-Martinez, Adrian, Raul Gracia-Tinedo, Marc Sanchez-Artigas, and Pedro Garcia-Lopez. "FRIENDBOX: A cloudified F2F storage application." In 2012 IEEE Twelfth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/p2p.2012.6335818.

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Meric-Bernstam, Funda, Lipika Goyal, Ben Tran, Ignacio Matos, Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau, Helen He, Jerry Huang, and Rastislav Bahleda. "Abstract CT238: TAS-120 in patients with advanced solid tumors bearing FGF/FGFR aberrations: A Phase I study." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ct238.

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Meric-Bernstam, Funda, Lipika Goyal, Ben Tran, Ignacio Matos, Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau, Helen He, Jerry Huang, and Rastislav Bahleda. "Abstract CT238: TAS-120 in patients with advanced solid tumors bearing FGF/FGFR aberrations: A Phase I study." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-ct238.

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Li, Bing, and D. K. Vijay. "Study of the Effect of FRS and SAM on Pipe Seismic Stress Using Taguchi Method." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77020.

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In this paper, the effect of floor response spectra (FRS) and seismic anchor movement (SAM) on the seismic stresses in the piping system is studied through a combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and the Taguchi Method. Class 3 piping systems according to ASME B&PV code Section III Subsection ND with different natural frequencies are analyzed in this study. Taguchi method is applied to create an orthogonal array to show the variability of FRS and SAM, which is taken as the ±20% variation over its nominal value. Based on the Taguchi orthogonal array, finite element simulations are carried out to obtain the seismic code stress in each piping system. From the Taguchi signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the seismic code stress results, the effect of FRS and SAM on the resultant seismic stress is given and expressed as a percentage. The study shows that the FRS is dominating the seismic stress for the piping system with low natural frequency (i.e., flexible system) while SAM is dominating the seismic stress for the piping system with high natural frequency (i.e., rigid system), for the piping system with a medium natural frequency, both FRS and SAM contribute to the seismic stress and the percentage of contribution of each parameter varies with the level of the system natural frequency. The results of this study also show that if the piping system is designed either too rigid or too flexible for the same layout, it will result in high resultant (primary plus secondary) seismic stress.
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Gracia-Tinedo, Raul, Marc Sanchez Artigas, and Pedro Garcia Lopez. "Analysis of data availability in F2F storage systems: When correlations matter." In 2012 IEEE Twelfth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/p2p.2012.6335803.

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Ono, Keisuke, Yoshimichi Fujii, and Akihiro Wada. "Investigation of Non-Destructive Examination for Mechanical Damage of FRP." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52706.

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Nowadays, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) has been widely used in many areas such as auto mobile, airplane and marine vessel due to its high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, relatively low cost and so on. However, it still remains unknown that what kind of damage will happen in the internal structure when an automobile, which is made from FRP, has a slight impact with something such as a wall. Then the following road safety of the automobile cannot be guaranteed because certain parts may be exposed to damage in what seems even like a slight impact. In addition, it is well known that initial fracture can bring damage and great effect to the mechanical properties of the FRP material. The novelty of this paper is that the object of this research is micro crack such as transverse crack. While, almost previous report is aimed at delamination. Actually, before the delamination happens, micro crack has already occurred. The mechanical property of FRP is beginning to decrease by delamination. However, when the delamination occurred in the FRP is examined, it is already too late because the delamination can bring great influence to the safety of the FRP products. Therefore, it is important to investigate and detect the presence of micro crack with ultrasonic wave. In this way, some accidents might be avoided. While, because of the variety of the constraints in the fracture mechanism, the damage behavior is very difficult to evaluate and there are rarely researches and data on it. Although damage assessment by visual observation and the durable service life on FRP has become a general tendency in these recent years, the appropriate way of non-destructive examination has not been confirmed yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of non-destructive examination with ultrasonic wave testing for mechanical damage of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). The possibility of dividing of Lamb wave modes by reducing the thickness of samples was confirmed and the variance of distribution of frequency of S0 mode wave by micro fracture in GFRP.
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Abushanab, Abdelrahman Hamdi, and Wael I. Alnahhal. "Parametric Study on Moment Redistribution of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Continuous Beams with Basalt FRP Bars." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0084.

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The state of Qatar is suffering from its harsh environment and coastal conditions, which stand for most of the year. As a result, steel-reinforced concrete structures are subjected to rapid corrosion and deterioration. Therefore, there is a necessity to replace the conventional steel reinforcement by fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) bars. Apart from FRP bars corrosion resistance, their strength to weight ratio is higher than steel reinforcement, which made the FRP, bars a viable alternative to steel reinforcement. Continuous concrete beams are commonly used elements in structures such as parking garages and overpasses. In such structures, forces could be distributed between the critical sections after cracking. This phenomenon is called moment redistribution. It reduces the congested rebars in connections and enhances the ductility of the members. However, the linear-elastic behaviour of FRP materials makes the ability of continuous beams to redistribute loads and moments questionable. This study aims to investigate the capability of moment redistribution of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) continuous beams reinforced with basalt FRP (BFRP) bars. Eleven reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams of 200 x 300 x 4000 mm were tested up to failure under fivepoint loading. The main investigated parameters were the reinforcement ratio (0.6rb, 1.0rb, 1.8rb and 2.8rb; where rb is the balanced reinforcement ratio), stirrups spacing (80 and 120 mm) and volume fractions of Basalt-macro fibers (BMF) (0.75 and 1.5%). A parametric study was then conducted using a validated finite element (FE) model to extend the investigated parameters that may affect the moment redistribution of RC continuous beams. It was concluded that moment redistribution occurs in beams that have at least a ratio of bottom to top reinforcement of 0.3.
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Sawant, Sourabh, and Anastasia Muliana. "A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modeling of Fiber Metal Laminates." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42152.

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A new class of advanced composite materials namely the fibermetal laminates (FMLs) such as ARALL (Aramid Reinforced Aluminum laminate) and GLARE (Glass Reinforced Aluminum laminate) has been developed for primary load bearing components of aircraft fuselage and wings. The FML is composed of alternating layers of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and aluminum sheets and shows good fatigue resistance. The metal layers are placed on the top and bottom of the laminate to provide good impact resistance and resistance to extreme environments (moisture, ultraviolet radiation and solvent). Krishnakumar (1994) has provided a survey of extensive works on manufacturing, testing, and modeling of the FMLs. The FMLs exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic and/or plastic behaviors due to the existence of FRP and metal alloy layers. The nonlinearity and time-dependent responses in the FMLs are intensified under high load levels, elevated temperatures, and humid environments. A predictive capability on the overall nonlinear viscoelastic response of the FMLs that recognizes different responses in the FRP and metallic layers becomes necessary. Literature indicates a few advances in this direction by the consideration of the elastic-plastic behavior and the use of classical lamination theory (Chen & Sun, 1989; Hashagen et al., 1995). Pindera et al. (1989) have carried out an experimental investigation of the creep response of ARALL laminates at 121°C. A pronounced viscoelastic behavior is observed in ARALL at stress levels below its proportional limit. Aluminum exhibits a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior while aramid-FRP shows a linear viscoelastic behavior. The classical lamination theory (CLT) was used to model the overall creep response of the laminates.
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Starlinger, Alois, Benedetto Castelli, and Andreas Gmu¨r. "On the Crashworthiness Performance of the New GTW DMU Developed for Capital Metro (Austin, Texas)." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74018.

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Stadler Rail has developed a new regional train, the Stadler GTW (‘Gelenk-Trieb-Wagen’, i.e., Articulated Powered Car) for Capital Metro, Austin, Texas. This DMU is compliant with the requests of EN15227, the new European standard for crashworthiness of railway vehicles. The following collision scenarios have been investigated: • train against identical train at a closing speed of 36 kmph (22 mph); • train against 80-ton-freight wagon at a closing speed of 36 kmph (22 mph), and • train against a large deformable obstacle (representing a truck) at a closing speed of 85 kmph (53 mph). Numerical analyses show that the new crashworthy train design guarantees sufficient and controlled energy absorption and maintains the survival space required. Dynamic testing of the crash absorber modules has validated the results of the nonlinear analyses. In the course of the certification process with the FRA additional requirements have been imposed for the dynamic qualification of cab car end structures: :These scenarios consist of a collision at a closing speed of 21 mph (34 kmph) with a rigid cylinder (diameter of 48 inches (1220 mm), length of 36 inches (914 mm) and a minimum weight of 10000 lbf (4535 kg). These requirements have been easily met. Additionally, new FRA proposals have been investigated: • collisions with a steel coil in different front positions; • collision with a rigid wall at a closing speed of 56 kmph (35 mph); • front end collision with a representative FRA compliant locomotive at a closing speed of 56 kmph (35 mph). The numerical analyses of these scenarios show that the crashworthy train design which has been developed to comply with the European requests is able to fulfill the FRA requirements.
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Reports on the topic "TOS FRF"

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Artana, Daniel, Cynthia Moskovits, Jorge Puig, and Ivana Templado. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy?: The case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003057.

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This paper analyzes the implementation of Fiscal Rules (FR) in Argentina. Several clear attempts to establish a FR at the national level are identified. The analysis suggests that the environment matters. The only FR that was binding in the period was approved in 2004 during an economic boom, with the country under a program with the IMF and with high political support. During the world financial crisis the expenditure ceilings were relaxed, however, and current primary expenditures soared. Simulations show that a countercyclical fund could have been implemented even after reducing highly distorting taxes at the federal and provincial levels, and at the same time securing a high level of capital expenditure as a share of GDP, had Argentina complied with the 2004 FR. Moreover, an econometric exploration of the link between flexible FRs and public investment finds that a flexible FR helps to mitigate the negative effects of fiscal consolidations on provincial public investment. Based on the previous analysis, guidelines for a proposal for a FR in Argentina are provided.
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Pevey, Jon M., William B. Rich, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 1–Review of Current FRP Repair Systems and Application Methodologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317309.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to extend the service lives of bridges efficiently and safely. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (1) summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (2) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (3) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with a focus on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.
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Rich, William B., Robert R. Jacobs, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 2–FRP Flexural Strengthening and End Region Repair Experimental Programs. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317310.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to efficiently and safely extend the service lives of bridges. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (i) summarize the state-of-the-art for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (ii) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (iii) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with focus placed on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.
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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.

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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.
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Peterson, Eric, Wenbin Wei, and Lydon George. A Model for Integrating Rail Services with other Transportation Modalities: Identifying the Best Practices and the Gaps for California’s Next State Rail Plan. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1949.

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The California State Rail Plan (CSRP) is among the best rail plan documents published by any jurisdiction in the United States to date. As such, the CSRP is used in this paper as the basis of comparison to other state rail service plans. These plans will have been submitted to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) on record as of June 2020—as required under Section 303 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) of 2008. The purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices and gaps that may inform California and other states in their future rail service plan development. This paper is grounded in the realization that, while the general outline of FRA requirements is uniform for all states, the actual content and inclusion of these requirements in the myriad state plans varies greatly. For example, California was granted an exception to help update FRA Rail Plan Guidance for its 2018 Rail Plan, other states have complained that FRA guidance and requirements on rail service planning have put state rail agencies in the position of constantly writing plans with little or no time to implement them. Throughout this research, the authors identify all the elements of FRA guidelines as reflected in the CSRP and rail plans of other states. This report also identifies the best features and planning strategies that may inform and improve the state rail planning process going forward, steps that will positively contribute to the public benefit of enhanced rail systems.
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Alt, Jonathan, Willie Brown, George Gallarno, and John Richards. Risk-based prioritization of operational condition assessments : stakeholder analysis and literature review. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40162.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates, maintains, and manages more than $232 billion worth of the Nation’s water resource infrastructure. Using the Operational Condition Assessment (OCA) system, the USACE allocates limited resources to assess conditions and maintain assets in efforts to minimize risks associated with asset performance degradation. Currently, OCAs are conducted on each component within a facility every 5 years, regardless of the component’s risk contribution. The analysis of risks associated with Flood Risk Management (FRM) facilities, such as dams, includes considering how the facility contributes to its associated FRM watershed system, understanding the consequences of degradation in the facility’s performance, and calculating the likelihood that the facility will perform as expected given the current OCA condition ratings of critical components. This research will develop a scalable methodology to model the probability of failure of components and systems that contribute to the performance of facilities in their respective FRM systems combined with consequences derived from hydrological models of the watershed to develop facility risk scores. This interim report documents the results of the first phase of this effort, stakeholder analysis and literature review, to identify candidate approaches to determine the probability of failure of a facility.
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Arbeláez, María Angélica, Miguel Benítez, Roberto Steiner, and Oscar Valencia. A Fiscal Rule to Achieve Debt Sustainability in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003048.

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In order to enhance fiscal sustainability and regain “investment grade” credit rating, in 2011 Colombia implemented a fiscal rule (FR) on the Central Government's structural balance. Investment grade was rapidly attained, and FR targets were complied with, until 2019. Using the Synthetic Control Method, we provide evidence that the FR promoted fiscal discipline. Nevertheless, public debt has increased continuously and is now expected to exceed 60 percent of GDP, in large part driven by the pandemic. We argue that the FR should be reformed so as to incorporate a debt anchor. Using a regime change model and the IMFs buffer risk methodology, we show that the prudent debt level should not exceed 48 percent of GDP and that in order to achieve this in the medium term, a policy mix increasing revenues to 17.8 percent of GDP (from 15.5 percent during 2016-2019) and reducing primary expenditure to 15 percent (from 16 percent during 2016-2019) is required. FR's performance would also benefit from changes in its institutional design.
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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Jonathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirjin Lodder, and Ram Mohan. Overview : International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41945.

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The application of natural and nature‑based features (NNBF) has grown steadily over the past 20 years, supported by calls for innovation in flood risk management (FRM) and nature‑based solutions from many different perspectives and organizations. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer‑reviewed and other technical literature. A variety of guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform program‑level action and technical practice for specific types of nature‑based solutions. This effort to develop international guidelines on the use of NNBF was motivated by the need for a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, constructing, and operating NNBF.
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9

Rieu, Pierre, Samira Amraoui, and Marco Restano. Standalone Multi-mission Altimetry Processor (SMAP). European Space Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-cnes.sentinel-3.smap.

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SMAP is a standalone altimeter data processor written in Python 3 (3.7.3). It implements in particular the fully-focused SAR (FF-SAR) processing (both time-domain and frequency-domain algorithms). SMAP is currently able to process Sentinel-3 L1a Ground Segment products. This processor has been developed though studies and projects funded by ESA and CNES.
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Petersen, Kirsten Elisa. Danske daginstitutioners indsatser og disses betydninger for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien 2020/2021. Aarhus University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.420.

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Denne rapport præsenterer en række centrale resultater af et forskningsprojekt med fokus på daginstitutioners indsatser og betydning for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien i Danmark. Forskningsprojektet har indsamlet data i perioden april 2020 til august 2020, og særligt i perioden fra midt april til juni, hvor alle landets daginstitutioner genåbnede efter cirka en måneds nedlukning af landets offentlige institutioner som følge af regeringens retningslinjer. Der er ligeledes indsamlet data i perioden august til oktober 2020, og igen i perioden januar til februar 2021. Der er således tale om tre empiriske nedslag hen over cirka et år af pandemiens forløb i relation til daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i landets daginstitutioner. De data, der ligger til grund for denne rapport, omfatter en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod daginstitutionsledere og en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod pædagogisk personale i daginstitutioner, geografisk fordelt over hele landet. Fælles for spørgeskemaundersøgelserne er et fokus på at udforske, hvordan daginstitutioner har arbejdet under COVID-19 pandemien, dels under selve nedlukningen i marts-april, hvor flere af landets daginstitutioner har fungeret som nødpasning, særligt for forældre med kritiske samfundsfunktioner, og dels under genåbningsfaserne, der officielt blev påbegyndt i midten af april og især har forløbet hen over forår og tidlig sommer 2020. Derudover er der ad to omgange foretaget en række forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere. I første omgang blev der foretaget 10 forskningsinterview i perioden august til november 2020, og i anden omgang er der foretaget 8 forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere fordelt på landets daginstitutioner omfattende perioden januar til februar 2021. Formålet med dette forskningsprojekt har været at kortlægge og udforske, hvordan daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i en række danske daginstitutioner for 0-6-årige børn løfter den store samfundsmæssige udfordring at håndtere COVID-19 pandemien på landets daginstitutioner.
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