Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Torture and cruel'
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Mokhtari, Ali. "Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82665.
Full textWelch, Gita B. Honwana. "The prohibition of torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment in international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358633.
Full textPrasanna, Tanusri. "Normative underpinnings of the proscription of removals risking torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669705.
Full textAckermann, Marilize. "An assessment of South Africa's obligations under the United Nations Convention against torture." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2638.
Full textI attempt to analyze South Africa's legal position pertaining to torture, in relation to the international legal framework. Since it has been established that torture and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment (CIDT) usually occur in situations where persons are deprived of personal liberty, I examine legislation, policies and practices applicable to specific places of detention, such as correctional centres, police custody, repatriation centers, mental health care facilities and child and youth care centers. I establish that although South Africa has ratified the UNCAT and is a signatory to the OPCAT, our legal system greatly lacks in structure and in mechanisms of enforcement, as far as the absolute prohibition and the prevention of torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are concerned. I submit that South Africa has a special duty to eradicate torture, since many of its citizens and several of its political leaders are actually victims of torture, who suffered severe ill treatment under the apartheid regime. I argue that the South African legal system is sufficiently capable of adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward torture and to incorporate this with the general stance against crime. In many respects, South Africa is an example to other African countries and should strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, especially torture, since acts of torture are often perpetrated by public officials who abuse their positions of authority. I conclude by making submissions and recommendations for law reform, in light of the obstacles encountered within a South African context.
South Africa
Saffrey-Mayger, Richard George. "An assessment of the United Kingdom's implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16008.
Full textRudhe, Julia. "Mechanical restraint in psychiatric healthcare facilities : A helpful tool, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in disguise?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195116.
Full textMukherjee, Amrita. "The United Nations charter and treaty based monitoring mechanisms in relation to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment : a study of two states, the United Kingdom and the Republic of India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415863.
Full textSheie, Marc A. "The Evolution of Warfare, the Laws of War, and the Ethical Implications of U.S. Detainee Policy in the Global War on Terror and Beyond." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/55221.
Full textThe atrocities committed by Americans at Abu Ghraib shocked the collective American moral conscience. Guilty of inhumane treatment of its prisoners there, Abu Ghraib did immeasurable damage to U.S. credibility and made clear that American detainee policy is off-track and needs to comply with objective standards of law, morality, and operational effectiveness. The emotional aftermath of 9/11 created a politically permissive environment within which the military organizational structures was unsuited for the critical tasks assigned to them relative to the context of the Bush Administration’s “new paradigm.” Two issues sit at the forefront of the political context of U.S. detainee policy: war powers and human rights. This thesis will utilize a synthesized decision-making model to analyze the President’s decisions leading to the current detainee policy. Policy alternatives require smaller corrections to bureaucratic process, not a major reorganization of bureaucratic structure. This thesis will provide policy-makers with a moral and legal framework for a corrected detainee policy. Adoption of the full framework of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including U.S. ratification of Additional Protocols I and II (1977), provides the best framework to combat transnational insurgency, while retaining the moral and legal high ground required of the world’s superpower.
Major, United States Air Force
FAYE, PASTOR SYLVIE. "La torture et les traitements cruels inhumains ou degradants dans les codes de deontologie medicale." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M012.
Full textKaosala, Vipada. "L'application interne du principe de non-refoulement : exemples français et canadien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1008.
Full textIn July 2015, France adopted an asylum reform bill in order to transpose the EU asylum legislative package. In comparison, Canada has, since 2012, strengthened its national asylum procedures by introducing a number of changes with the objective of preventing the abuse of Canada’s inland refugee determination system. In moving towards hidden policies aimed at the efficiency of removals of failed refugee claimants and persons unworthy of international protection, are France and Canada, known as safe havens, respecting their international obligations of Non-Refoulement ? This thesis focuses on the laws in force in both States in particular the Code of the Entry and Stay of Foreigners and Asylum Law (France) and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada), national and international jurisprudence, and other relevant international documents. The present study aims at highlighting the national legislations and practices relating to the grant of asylum and the expulsion of asylum seekers and refugees which violate or could violate the Principle of Non-Refoulement as enshrined in both International Refugee Law and International Human Rights Law
Delaplace, Edouard. "La prohibition internationale de la torture et des peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100188.
Full textThe international prohibition on the torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments joins in a frame normative and institutional abounding. Indeed, as in humanitarian law as in international law of human rights, it benefits from standards and from mechanisms develop a prevention in the two-tier perspective of the protection of the individual against the pointed sufferings imposed with the aim of obtaining confessions or information, and against infringements on the human dignity. The interactions between these various organs of control allowed the international prohibition on the tortureand the cruel, inhuman or degrading teatments to develop in all the material and normative plenitude and to see appearing a real regime of stake in work. Besides, value as symbolic as legal conferred on the eradication of this plague produced effects in general international law
Norouzi-Vergnol, Maryam. "Le concept de torture et de mauvais traitements en droit international." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010280.
Full textCocan, Silviana Iulia. "Le dialogue entre juridictions et quasi-juridictions internationales de protection des droits de la personne - l'exemple de la prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants : l’exemple de la prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0098.
Full textIn the international legal order, international bodies protecting human rights are both of a different nature and independent. Judicial dialogue consists in referring to decisions or international instruments that are external sources to the system in which the international body has to exercise its power of interpretation. The example of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments will be used to illustrate this spontaneous practice. Judicial dialogue is seen as an interpretive technique, allowing to reach common interpretations of the substance, the meaning and the scope of this prohibition, by reaching a normative convergence through the use of external sources that shows an interpretive convergence in the first place. Nevertheless, the use of external sources does not always lead to extensive interpretations since it can also highlight disagreements in which case restrictive interpretations are inevitable. Finally, it appears that the international jurisprudential dialogue can both contribute to coordinate and harmonize the application and interpretation of international human rights law in order to protect the international public order
Chenwi, Lilian Manka. "Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa a human rights perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 22, 2006). "Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Laws (LLD) in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria." Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-386).
Gelin, Céline. "L'interdiction de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants en Afrique noire : contribution à l'étude de l'universalité des droits de l'homme." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOD004.
Full textA number of African nations are the scene of acts of torture and ill-treatments that occur in very different contexts (wars, prisons, families) and that are also widely used as an authoritarian method of government. However, many of these States nonetheless affirm their adherence to the international covenants that totally prohibit the use of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; corresponding measures have even been incorporated in the regional Human Rights instruments adopted by these same States. Looking at this paradox, it is necessary to explore why these practices are so pervasive on the African continent. Such an approach implies reflecting on both the ability of the African States to comprehend the international legislation related to torture and their capability to apply it; and this reflection inevitably ends up in challenging the internationally recognized and hallowed principle of the universality of Human Rights
Cocan, Silviana-Iulia. "Le dialogue entre juridictions et quasi-juridictions internationales de protection des droits de la personne : l'exemple de la prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69901.
Full textDans l’ordre juridique international, les organes de protection des droits de la personne sont de nature différente, indépendants et non hiérarchisés. Le phénomène du dialogue juridictionnel est une pratique spontanée qui consiste pour un organe de protection à intégrer dans le processus d’interprétation d’une disposition donnée, des éléments étrangers à son système, qu’il s’agisse de décisions ou d’instruments de protection émanant d’autres organes. Dans cette étude, le dialogue est illustré avec la jurisprudence interprétée à l’aide de ces éléments extrasystémiques en matière de prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels inhumains ou dégradants. Cette interdiction est à la croisée du droit international des droits de l’Homme, du droit international humanitaire et du droit international pénal. Ainsi, les éventuelles violations peuvent engager, de manière complémentaire, la responsabilité internationale de l’État et la responsabilité pénale individuelle. Le dialogue jurisprudentiel est envisagé comme une technique interprétative permettant d’aboutir à des interprétations communes du contenu, du sens et de la portée de cette interdiction bien que ces interprétations partagées puissent être extensives ou restrictives. En effet, le dialogue permettra de mettre parfois en lumière des positions internationales communes justifiant des interprétations extensives en faveur de la personne humaine. L’interprétation unanime des rapports complémentaires entre droit international des droits de l’homme et droit international humanitaire ou à l’égard de l’application extraterritoriale des traités de protection des droits de l’homme a un impact sur les rapports entre systèmes juridiques et entre ordres juridiques. L’extraterritorialité élargit les espaces protégés par des instruments conventionnels, en contribuant ainsi à un renforcement de la perméabilité entre les normes internationales de protection des droits de la personne et une concrétisation de leur intérdépendance matérielle. Toutefois, le dialogue sera parfois un instrument d’éclairage des positions divergentes découlant de l’absence de consensus dans l’ordre juridique international. C’est le cas lorsqu’il sera question de déterminer précisément les effets d’une norme impérative qui se heurte à la règle des immunités en droit international. L’étude interroge l’étendue et la teneur du pouvoir juridictionnel dans l’ordre juridique international ainsi que sa capacité à aboutir à une convergence normative en matière de protection des droits de la personne, qui découle d’une convergence interprétative. La notion d’interprétation globale par contextualisation normative et systémique renvoie à la confrontation d’une disposition donnée aux autres normes internationales qui lui sont analogues et aux autres systèmes juridiques qui sont semblables au système d’origine de l’interprète, dans laquelle la disposition s’inscrit. Ainsi, il s’agit de montrer que les organes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne, malgré leur diversité, font usage de méthodes d’interprétation communes contribuant à définir le sens, la portée et le contenu des normes. Grâce au dialogue juridictionnel, ils s’inscrivent dans un processus d’autorégulation, entre autoélargissement de leur pouvoir d’interprétation et autolimitation de leur marge d’appréciation, par la confrontation aux éléments extrasystémiques. Implicitement, le dialogue joue le rôle d’un outil de régulation et de coordination qui s’impose spontanément dans la pratique interprétative des organes internationaux, contribuant à l’émergence d’un objectivisme jurisprudentiel. Ce dernier tend à s’opposer au volontarisme étatique dans un but de protection de l’ordre public international et de garantie des droits de la personne.
In the international legal order, international bodies protecting human rights are both of a different nature and independent. Indeed, a hierarchical principle of organization still remains unknown and multiple legal systems protect human rights. Judicial dialogue consists in referring to decisions or international instruments that are external sources to the system in which the international body has to exercise its power of interpretation. In this study, the example of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments will be used to illustrate this spontaneous practice. This prohibition is at the crossroads of international human rights law, of international humanitarian law and of international criminal law. Therefore, its violations can both engage the international responsibility of State and the individual criminal responsibility.Judicial dialogue is seen as an interpretive technique, allowing to reach common interpretations of the substance, the meaning and the scope of this prohibition. Nevertheless, the use of external sources does not always lead to extensive interpretations since it can also highlight disagreements in which case restrictive interpretations are inevitable. Sometimes, this spontaneous practice will show the existence of international common positions regarding certains aspects of human rights. It is the case regarding the entrenched consensus of the complementarity between international human rights law and international humanitarian law and concerning the extraterritoriality of human rights treaties. This acknowledgement expands States jurisdiction and strengthens the protection offered to the individuals, while increasing interactions between international legal systems protecting human rights and therefore showing a state of substantive interdependence. The lack of consensus in the international legal order will be the ultimate limit to constructive judicial dialogue. Indeed, the latter will emphasize divergent positions in matters of interpretation. One of the most significant examples is the trouble to determine precisely the effect of peremptory norms such as the prohibition of torture when it encounters immunities in international law. This study also questions the content of the international judiciary and its capacity to reach a normative convergence through the use of external sources that shows an interpretive convergence in the first place. The notion of global interpretation through normative and systemic interactions means confronting international legal norms which are similar, even though they were adopted separate and independent systems, in order to reach a better interpretation. This study attempts to show that even though international bodies rotecting human rights are quite different and formally independent, they tend to self-regulation by using external sources. Indeed, the spontaneous practice of judicial dialogue will allow both a process of self-limitation by referring to other sources in order to interpret a given legal provision, since it means including optional limits to the margin of appreciation. At the same time, the use of external sources will also lead to a self-expansion of the possibilities in matters of interpretation by taking into account solutions that were found by other legal interpreters in comparable legal disputes. Therefore, it appears that the international jurisprudential dialogue can both contribute to coordinate and harmonize the application and interpretation of international human rights law.
Ackermann, Marilize. "An assessment of South Africaâs obligations under the United Nations Convention Against Torture." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6463_1298617262.
Full textI attempt to analyze South Africa&rsquo
s legal position pertaining to torture, in relation to the international legal framework. Since it has been established that torture and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment (CIDT) usually occur in situations where persons are deprived of personal liberty, I examine legislation, policies and practices applicable to specific places of detention, such as correctional centres, police custody, repatriation centers, mental health care facilities and child and youth care centers. I establish that although South Africa has ratified the UNCAT and is a signatory to the OPCAT, our legal system greatly lacks in structure and in mechanisms of enforcement, as far as the absolute prohibition and the prevention of torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are concerned. I submit that South Africa has a special duty to eradicate torture, since many of its citizens and several of its political leaders are actually victims of torture, who suffered severe ill treatment under the apartheid regime. I argue that the South African legal system is sufficiently capable of adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward torture and to incorporate this with the general stance against crime. In many respects, South Africa is an example to other African countries and should strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, especially torture, since acts of torture are often perpetrated by public officials who abuse their positions of authority. I conclude by making submissions and recommendations for law reform, in light of the obstacles encountered within a South African context.
Pereira, Sara Almeida Lacerda. "The importance of Medicine in the investigation, documentation and prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5192.
Full textA tortura é uma questão relevante nas interações humanas pela sua perversidade, gravidade e consequências tremendas. Infelizmente ainda continua a ser uma realidade em muitos países do mundo. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é o de proceder à elaboração de um texto que permita aos profissionais de saúde, adquirirem com a sua leitura uma rápida percepção do que é tortura e os maus tratos, do enquadramento legal destas situações e do potencial que uma adequada abordagem do ponto de vista médico pode proporcionar para uma correta identificação de tais práticas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho procede inicialmente a uma revisão do conceito de tortura e da situação da tortura a nível mundial e ao nível de Portugal. Seguidamente, efetua uma breve análise das leis internacionais relativas à investigação e documentação de tortura e aborda as questões éticas levantadas por esta temática. Por último analisa o contributo do exame médico-legal nestas situações, como pode ser realizado e quais as mais valias que pode proporcionar. Não há consenso sobre como definir a tortura mas as definições mais citadas na literatura são as fornecidas pela Associação Médica Mundial e pela Organização das Nações Unidas. Ambas incluem formas físicas e psicológicas graves de sofrimento e exigem uma intenção coerciva por parte dos agressores, com o consentimento ou aquiescência das autoridades do Estado. A definição da Organização das Nações Unidas exige ainda que a agressão seja perpetuada especificamente por membros do, ou ao serviço do, Governo ou por forças militares ou policiais pertencentes ao Estado. Há também outras práticas que, apesar de não estarem incluídas nas definições de tortura, são um ataque à vida humana em toda a sua dignidade. Este outro tratamento cruel, desumano e degradante, que será referido neste trabalho como "maus-tratos", também tem a intenção de expor os indivíduos a condições que causam sofrimento físico ou mental significativo, mas sem um propósito específico. As pessoas vítimas desta prática, serão neste trabalho equiparadas a vítimas de tortura. A proibição da tortura e maus-tratos é absoluta e aplica-se a todos os momentos e em todas as circunstâncias. Esta proibição está presente em diversos tratados, acordos internacionais e o direito a estar livre de tortura é contemplado na Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. Em 1984, as Nações Unidas adoptaram a Convenção Contra a Tortura e Outros Tratamentos Cruéis, Desumanos, Degradantes ou de Punição (CAT) destacando a particular atenção dada a esta proibição absoluta. Este é um documento juridicamente vinculativo que prevê regras adicionais para auxiliar na prevenção e investigação de alegados casos de tortura. Apesar de todas as normas e tratados que contemplam a proibição de tortura, esta continua a ser ainda uma prática comum e mundialmente disseminada. Entre Janeiro de 2009 e Maio de 2013, a Amnistia Internacional recebeu relatos de tortura e outros maus-tratos cometidos por funcionários do Estado em 141 países, e de todas as regiões do mundo. Isso só indica casos notificados ou conhecidos pela organização, e não reflecte necessariamente a extensão total da tortura em todo o mundo. Portugal não é excepção a isto. Além de proibir a prática de tortura, a lei Internacional obriga também os Estados a investigar alegações de tortura e a punir os responsáveis. Requer ainda que as vítimas possam ser ressarcidas da forma mais completa possível. Um dos principais desafios na realização disto é a obtenção de elementos de prova suficientes em casos contra os agressores. Se não há nenhuma prova de que a tortura ocorreu, um clima de impunidade pode vir a existir e a prática será perpetuada. Relatórios médico-legais são uma forma de apresentar provas de tortura. Mesmo em países onde um julgamento justo é raro, a documentação médico-legal fortalece a posição das vítimas tornando mais difícil ignorar a acusação Para mais, médicos da área dos cuidados de saúde primários são importantes detectores na identificação das vítimas. Eles podem encontrar sobreviventes de tortura em contextos de cuidados primários ou nos serviços de urgência e emergência médica, e serem quem inicia o encaminhamento para o tratamento destas vítimas e acciona os mecanismos legais necessários. A área de aplicação dos relatórios médico-legais não se restringe à investigação médico-legal. Estes podem ser utilizados na investigação e documentação de outras violações dos direitos humanos, em processos judiciais nacionais e internacionais. Podem ter ainda um papel importante em casos de requerentes de asilo, na identificação das necessidades terapêuticas das vítimas e da necessidade de reparação e reparação por parte do Estado. Há também um papel para ele em atividades como pesquisa, advocacia e lobby. Portanto, a participação e apoio de profissionais de saúde é de importância crucial para a abolição da tortura e outras formas de maus-tratos. Garantir que os médicos estão cientes de como executar um relatório médico-legal e como usá-lo em processos judiciais é um passo necessário na prevenção da tortura. Dado a grande quantidade de pessoas vítimas desta prática e o papel preponderante dos médicos na sua prevenção, a abordagem da tortura e o exame médico-legal deveriam tornar-se parte dos currículos das escolas médicas.
Kgosietsile, Madume. "Protection against torture in international law." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19200.
Full textPublic, Constitutional, and International Law
LLM
Skovajsová, Klára. "Trestný čin mučení a jiného nelidského a krutého zacházení." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388916.
Full textKollárová, Tereza. "Zákaz mučení v mezinárodním právu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306475.
Full textAlbert, Lukáš. "Přístup mezinárodního práva k mučení." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437823.
Full textPatrikyan, Nina Ivanovna. "Migrant detention centers in the United States and the treatment of children : do the practices violate international conventions and national law?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/37122.
Full text