Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tortricid pests

Academic literature on the topic 'Tortricid pests'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tortricid pests"

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Kavurka, V. V. "Tortrix Moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Grafskiy Park and agrobiostation of M. Gogol Nizhyn State University (Chernigiv region, Ukraine)." Ukrainian Entomological Journal 15, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/281811.

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An annotated list of tortricid moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of the Grafsky Park and the agrobiostation of the Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University is given for the first time. In total, from 1987 to 2018, 95 species of 13 tribes were identified in the studied area: Tortricini – 6 species, Cochylini – 12 species, Cnephasiini – 7 species, Archipini – 12 species, Sparganothini – 1 species, Endotheniini – 4 species, Bactrini – 2 species, Olethreutini – 12 species, Lobesiini – 1 species, Enarmoniini – 6 species, Eucosmini – 22 species and Grapholitini – 9 species. It is about 40% of the species diversity of tortricid moths of Chernihiv region known now, and about 17% of the fauna of Ukraine. The distribution and biology of the recorded species are analized. Herein 54 species of tortricid moths are recorded for Chernihiv region for the first time, 34 species (Tortrix viridana, Aleimma loeflingiana, Acleris holmiana, A. forsskaleana, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Archips podana, A. crataegana, A. xylosteana, Choristoneura diversana, Argyrotaenia ljungiana, Ptycholoma lecheana, Pandemis corylana, P. cerasana, P. heparana, Syndemis musculana, Adoxophyes orana, Apotomis betuletana, Orthotaenia undulana, Hedya salicella, H. nubiferana, H. pruniana, H. ochroleucana, Ancylis achatana, A. mitterbacheriana, Spilonota ocellana, Gibberifera simplana, Epinotia nisella, Notocelia uddmanniana, Cydia pomonella, C. pyrivora, C. fagiglandana, C. splendana, C. amplana, Grapholita funebrana) are known as pests of deciduous trees and 4 species (Piniphila bifasciana, Gravitarmata margarotana, Rhyacionia buoliana, Cydia strobilella) are known as pests of coniferous trees.
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Miller, William E. "Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control." American Entomologist 39, no. 1 (1993): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/39.1.45.

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Nguyen, P., M. Sykorova, J. Sichova, V. Kuta, M. Dalikova, R. Capkova Frydrychova, L. G. Neven, K. Sahara, and F. Marec. "Neo-sex chromosomes and adaptive potential in tortricid pests." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 17 (April 8, 2013): 6931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220372110.

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Arn, Heinrich, Stefan Rauscher, Patrick Guerin, and Hans-Rudolf Buser. "Sex pheromone blends of three tortricid pests in European vineyards." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 21, no. 1-2 (September 1988): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90143-0.

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Navarro-Roldán, M. A., D. Bosch, C. Gemeno, and M. Siegwart. "Enzymatic detoxification strategies for neurotoxic insecticides in adults of three tortricid pests." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000415.

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AbstractWe examined the role of the most important metabolic enzyme families in the detoxification of neurotoxic insecticides on adult males and females from susceptible populations of Cydia pomonella (L.), Grapholita molesta (Busck), and Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). The interaction between the enzyme families – carboxylesterases (EST), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and polysubstrate monooxygenases (PSMO) – with the insecticides – chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, and thiacloprid – was studied. Insect mortality arising from the insecticides, with the application of enzyme inhibitors – S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), diethyl maleate (DEM), and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) – was first determined. The inhibitors' influence on EST, GST, and PSMO activity was quantified. EST and PSMO (the phase-I enzymatic activities) were involved in the insecticide detoxification in the three species for both sexes, highlighting the role of EST, whereas GST (phase-II enzymes) was involved only in G. molesta insecticide detoxification. L. botrana exhibited, in general, the highest level of enzymatic activity, with a significantly higher EST activity compared with the other species. It was the only species with differences in the response between sexes, with higher GST and PSMO activity in females than in males, which can be explained as the lower susceptibility of the females to the tested insecticides. A positive correlation between PSMO activity and the thiacloprid LD50s in the different species-sex groups was observed explaining the species-specific differences in susceptibility to the product reported in a previous study.
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El-Sayed, Ashraf M., and R. M. Trimble. "Relative Attractiveness of Natural and Synthetic Pheromone of Three Tortricid Tree Fruit Pests." Environmental Entomology 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-31.6.960.

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Polesny, F., O. Rupf, and E. Kührer. "Tortricid pests in orchards and viticulture, from basic data sampling to Internet warning service." EPPO Bulletin 30, no. 1 (March 2000): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2000.tb00864.x.

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Onah, Ikechukwu Eugene, Joseph Effiong Eyo, and DeMar Taylor. "Population dynamics and distribution of exotic and native frugivorous insects of citrus in Nsukka, Nigeria." Polish Journal of Entomology 90, no. 3 - Ahead of print (September 30, 2021): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0173.

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Invasion of the exotic Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Tephritidae) has drastically reduced the abundance and distribution of native Ceratitis anonae Graham, 1908 (Tephritidae) and false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913) (Tortricidae) in Nigeria. There is an overlap in resource use among the three frugivorous insects which could result in interspecific competition. Knowledge of the population dynamics and distribution of the three frugivorous insects in the study area is lacking and such data are indispensable for effective management of the tephritid and tortricid pests. The population dynamics and distribution of the three frugivorous insects were investigated to predict the route of invasion and the outcome of interactions among the three frugivorous insects. Bactrocera dorsalis occurred in all the seven Local Government Areas (LGAs) sampled while C. anonae and T. leucotreta occurred together in two LGAs and separately in two other LGAs. The population of B. dorsalis is significantly higher than either C. anonae or T. leucotreta in the study area. The three frugivorous insects are negatively associated with one another but only the association between B. dorsalis and C. anonae was significantly different. Bactrocera dorsalis invaded the study area from southern Nigeria and C. anonae is being driven towards northern Nigeria.
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PASTORI, PATRIK LUIZ, CRISTIANO JOÃO ARIOLI, MARCOS BOTTON, LINO BITTENCOURT-MONTEIRO, LYNDSIE STOLTMAN, and AGENOR MAFRA-NETO. "Integrated control of two tortricid (Lepidoptera) pests in apple orchards with sex pheromones and insecticides." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 38, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i2.8996.

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The apple is attacked by a significant number of insect pests in Brazilian commercial orchards, including Bonagota salubricola and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Sexual disruption of B. salubricola and G. molesta was evaluated in apple orchard using the flowable pheromone formulations, SPLAT Grafo+Bona (SG+B), SPLAT Attract and Kill Grafo+Bona (SAKG+B), and compared with the standard insecticides used for management in the Integrated Apple Production (IAP) system. Both formulations were applied at a rate of 1kg/ha on October 10, 2005 and December 13, 2005 using 300 and 1000 point sources/ha of SG+B and SAKG+B, respectively in experimental units of 7 ha. Adult male captures of B. salubricola and G. molesta were evaluated weekly in Delta traps with specific synthetic sex pheromone from October 10, 2005 to February 14, 2006. Damage to fruits was evaluated on November 21 and December 21, 2005, and January 25 and February 14, 2006. In the SPLAT treated experimental units a significant reduction was observed in the number of B. salubricola and G. molesta males caught in Delta traps compared to the experimental unit IAP. Damage by B. salubricola at harvest ranged from 1.63 to 4.75% with no differences between treatments, while damage by G. molesta was near zero in all experimental units. Mating disruption using SG+B and SAKG+B was sufficient to control B. salubricola and G. molesta with results equivalent to IAP guidelines. This technology is promising for management of both pests in Brazilian apple orchards with immediate reduction of 43% in the number of insecticide applications.
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Pak, Damie, David Biddinger, and Ottar N. Bjørnstad. "Local and regional climate variables driving spring phenology of tortricid pests: a 36 year study." Ecological Entomology 44, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12712.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tortricid pests"

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Rentel, Monique. "Morphology and taxonomy of tortricid moth pests attacking fruit crops in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79825.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cydia pomonella (codling moth), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (False codling moth), Thaumatotibia batrachopa (Macadamia nut borer), Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth), Cryptophlebia peltastica (Litchi moth), Epichoristodes acerbella (Pear leafroller/Carnation worm) and Lozotaenia capensana (Apple leafroller) are the most economically important tortricids affecting various crops in South Africa. The correct identification of these species, especially of the larval stage, is of great importance in pest management. Using available literature, augmented by additional morphological studies, an interactive identification key (Lucid key) for larval and adult stages of the seven species was developed. The colour and markings of the head, characteristics of the prothoracic and anal shields, the position of the prespiracular setae (L-group) relative to the spiracle on the prothoracic segment, the position of the spiracle on the eighth abdominal segment and L-group on the ninth abdominal segment, as well as the presence or absence of the anal comb are key characteristics for larval identification. For adult identification, wing pattern and genitalia are the most important features. However, the use of genitalia for moth identification might be difficult for the lay user, as the dissection and mounting of these structures requires certain skills and specialized equipment. Thus, genitalia have not been included in the Lucid Key. Differences in the morphological characteristics of most pupae were so minute that this stage was also not included in the Lucid key. However, the pupae of E. acerbella and L. capensana are easily distinguished from those of the other species by the presence of acremaster. This study also included the first morphological description of the pupa of L. capensana, which can be distinguished from that of E. acerbella by various features of the cremaster, antennae, spiracle shape, number of setae on abdominal segments A5-7, the size of spines on A3-7, and the presence/absence of spines on A9. A previous study by Timm (2005) indicated that geographically isolated populations of T. leucotreta tend to be genetically distinct. This raised the question of whether speciation/subspeciation has occurred or is occurring. Male moth genitalia are thought to evolve rapidly and are often the only features that can reliably distinguish similar species. Hence, variation in the shape of the valvae of T. leucotreta was used to determine whether divergence has occurred between populations of T. leucotreta. Elliptical Fourier analysis was used to analyze the valvar variation in three different populations. Although some variation in valvar shape was detected among mean population values for certain traits, no clear pattern emerged. Principle component analysis also showed no distinct clustering of valvae shape among populations, providing no evidence for divergence in male genitalia and therefore no morphological evidence of incipient speciation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cydia pomonella (Kodlingmot), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Valskodlingmot), T. batrachopa (Makadamianeutboorder), Grapholita molesta (Oosterse vrugtemot), Cryptophlebia peltastica (Lietsjiemot), Epichoristodes acerbella (Peerbladroller/Angelierrusper) en Lozotaenia capensana (Appelbladroller) is die mees ekonomies belangrike tortrisiede van die vrugtebedryf in Suid-Afrika. Die juiste identifikasie van hierdie spesies, veral van hulle larwale stadium, is van groot belang by plaagbestuur. Deur gebruik te maak van beskikbare literatuur, aangevul deur bykomstige morfologiese studies, is ‗n interaktiewe uitkenningssleutel (―Lucid key‖) vir die larwale en volwasse stadia van die sewe spesies ontwikkel. Die kleur en tekening van die kop, kenmerke van die prothorakale en anale skild, die ligging van die prespirakulêre setae (L-groep) relatief tot die spiraculum op die prothorakale segment, die ligging van die spirakulum op die agste abdominale segment en L-groep op die negende abdominale segment, asook die aan- of afwesigheid van die anale kam is sleutel kenmerke vir larwale uitkenning. Vir die volwassenes is die vlerktekening en genitalia die mees belangrike kenmerke. Die gebruik van die genitalia vir motuitkenning kan egter vir die leek gebruiker moeilik wees omdat die disseksie en montering van hierdie strukture bepaalde vaardighede en gespesialiseerde toerusting vereis. Vir die rede is die genitalia nie in die Lucid-sleutel ingesluit nie. Verskille in die morfologiese kenmerke van meeste papies is klein en die stadium is gevolglik ook nie in die sleutel ingesluit nie. Die papies van E. acerbella en L. capensana kan egter maklik van die ander spesies onderskei word deur die aanwesigheid van ‗n cremaster. Hierdie studie sluit ook die eerste morfologiese beskrywing van die papie van L. capensana in, wat van dié van E. acerbella onderskei kan word deur gebruik te maak van kenmerke van die cremaster, antennae, spirakulêre vorm, aantal setae op abdominale segmente A5-7, die grootte van stekels op A3-7, en die aan- of afwesigheid van stekels op A9. ‗n Vroeëre studie (Timm 2005) het aangedui dat geografies geïsoleerde bevolkings van T. leucotreta neig om geneties verskillend te wees. Dit het die vraag laat ontstaan of spesiasie/subspesiasie moontlik plaasgevind het of steeds plaasvind. Manlike mot genitalië word geag om vinnig te ontwikkel en is dikwels die enigste kenmerke wat betroubaar tussen soortgelyke spesies kan onderskei. Dus is die variasie in die vorm van die valvae van T. leucotreta gebruik om te bepaal of divergensie wel tussen bevolkings van T. leucotreta plaasgevind het. Elliptiese Fourier ontleding is gebruik om die valvae se variasie by drie verskillende bevolkings te ontleed. Alhoewel enkele variasie in die vorm van die valvae bespeur is by die gemiddelde bevolkingswaardes vir bepaalde eienskappe, kon geen duidelike patroon bespeur word nie. Hoofkomponentontleding het ook geen duidelike groepering van valvae se vorm tussen bevolkings getoon nie, wat geen bewys lewer van divergensie in die manlike genitalia en dus geen morfologiese bewys van beginnende spesiasie.
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Marsberg, Tamryn. "The isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel alphabaculovirus for the microbial control of Cryptophlebia peltastica and closely related tortricid pests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59292.

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Timm, Alicia Eva. "Morphological and molecular studies of tortricid moths of economic importance to the South African fruit industry." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1347.

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Cattaneo, A. M. "UNVEILING SENSORY MECHANISMS FOR THE CONTROL OF TWO INSECT PESTS: FROM BEHAVIOR TO MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347230.

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Pest control strategies targeting insect olfaction represent a promising venue for control of tortricid insects (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Among tortricids, the grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) and the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) are serious pests for worldwide production of fruit crops. We employed several approaches to the olfactory system, from electrophysiological and behavioral studies in the grapevine moth, to bioinformatic and molecular studies of olfactory sensory proteins in the codling moth. At the receptor level, we studied both the Olfactory Receptors (ORs), the most common class of sensory proteins mediating detection of odors in insect antennae, and the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a novel family of receptor, that recently were also found in the antennae of lepidopterous species. We demonstrated electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the grapevine moth to volatiles emitted by a non-host, Perilla frutescens, previously known to activate TRPs in the rat, Rattus norvegicus. In the codling moth, we characterized a novel TRP channel (TRPA pyrexia-like) and we confirmed activation of its human orthologue to the same non-host compounds active on the olfactory system of the grapevine moth. ORs were heterologously expressed in vivo and in vitro, for identification of their ligands among host and non-host plant volatiles and pheromones (deorphanization). Among several ORs of codling moth, we deorphanized a candidate pheromone receptor (PR) to plant synergists, an OR to non-host volatiles and another PR candidate to a pheromone antagonist of the insect. Our study thus opens for refinement of existing pest control, or novel applications. The behavioral response of the grapevine moth to volatiles from a nonhost plant, and the identification of a novel TRP channel in the codling moth may have perspectives for application in agriculture, targeting the somatosensory system of these tortricids. The evolutionary implications of the responses of the human orthologue of TRPA pyrexia-like to volatiles active on the grapevine moth olfactory system could imply a large degree of conservation of the receptor function. In the codling moth, identification of synergist and antagonist ligands for candidate PRs and deorphanization of an OR to non-host plant volatiles suggest a possible role of these receptors in reproductive and ecological isolation. This could lead to further refinement of existing semiochemicalbased control techniques, by enabling a better understanding of mate- and host-finding in this species.
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Cattaneo, Alberto Maria. "Unveiling sensory mechanisms for the control of two insect pests: from behaviour to molecular interactions." Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/29924.

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Pest control strategies targeting insect olfaction represent a promising venue for control of tortricid insects (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Among tortricids, the grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) and the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) are serious pests for worldwide production of fruit crops. We employed several approaches to the olfactory system, from electrophysiological and behavioral studies in the grapevine moth, to bioinformatic and molecular studies of olfactory sensory proteins in the codling moth. At the receptor level, we studied both the Olfactory Receptors (ORs), the most common class of sensory proteins mediating detection of odors in insect antennae, and the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a novel family of receptor, that recently were also found in the antennae of lepidopterous species. We demonstrated electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the grapevine moth to volatiles emitted by a non-host, Perilla frutescens, previously known to activate TRPs in the rat, Rattus norvegicus. In the codling moth, we characterized a novel TRP channel (TRPA pyrexia-like) and we confirmed activation of its human orthologue to the same non-host compounds active on the olfactory system of the grapevine moth. ORs were heterologously expressed in vivo and in vitro, for identification of their ligands among host and non-host plant volatiles and pheromones (deorphanization). Among several ORs of codling moth, we deorphanized a candidate pheromone receptor (PR) to plant synergists, an OR to non-host volatiles and another PR candidate to a pheromone antagonist of the insect. Our study thus opens for refinement of existing pest control, or novel applications. The behavioral response of the grapevine moth to volatiles from a nonhost plant, and the identification of a novel TRP channel in the codling moth may have perspectives for application in agriculture, targeting the somatosensory system of these tortricids. The evolutionary implications of the responses of the human orthologue of TRPA pyrexia-like to volatiles active on the grapevine moth olfactory system could imply a large degree of conservation of the receptor function. In the codling moth, identification of synergist and antagonist ligands for candidate PRs and deorphanization of an OR to non-host plant volatiles suggest a possible role of these receptors in reproductive and ecological isolation. This could lead to further refinement of existing semiochemicalbased control techniques, by enabling a better understanding of mate- and host-finding in this species.
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Coombes, Candice Anne. "Entomopathogenic fungi for control of soil-borne life stages of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (1912) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002057.

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False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta is an extremely important pest of citrus in South Africa and with the shift away from the use of chemicals, alternate control options are needed. One avenue of control which has only recently been investigated against the soil-borne life stages of FCM is the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). In 2009, 12 entomopathogenic fungal isolates collected from South African citrus orchards showed good control potential during laboratory conducted bioassays. The aim of this study was to further analyse the potential of these isolates through concentration-dose and exposure-time response bioassays. After initial re-screening, concentration-dose response and exposure-time response sandconidial bioassays, three isolates were identified as exhibiting the greatest control potential against FCM in soil, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (G 11 3 L6 and FCM Ar 23 B3) and Beauveria bassiana (G Ar 17 B3). Percentage mycosis was found to be directly related to fungal concentration as well as the amount of time FCM 5th instar larvae were exposed to the fungal conidia. LC50 values for the three isolates were not greater than 1.92 x 10⁶ conidia.ml⁻ₑ and at the LC₅₀, FCM 5th instar larvae would need to be exposed to the fungus for a maximum of 13 days to ensure a high mortality level. These isolates along with two commercially available EPF products were subjected to field persistence trials whereby net bags filled with a mixture of autoclaved sand and formulated fungal product were buried in an Eastern Cape citrus orchard. The viability of each isolate was measured on a monthly basis for a period of six months. All isolates were capable of persisting in the soil for six months with the collected isolates persisting far better than the commercially used isolates. Two of the isolates, G 11 3 L6 and G Ar 17 B3, were subjected to small scale laboratory application trials. Two formulations were investigated at two concentrations. For each isolate, each formulation and each concentration, FCM 5th instar larvae were applied and allowed to burrow into the soil to pupate before fungal application or after fungal application. Contact between fungi and FCM host is essential as, in contrast to pre-larval treatments, percentage mortality in post-larval treatments was low for both formulations and both isolates. For isolate G Ar 17 B3, a conidial suspension applied as a spray at a concentration of 1 x 10⁷ conidia.ml⁻ₑ obtained the highest percentage mortality (80 %). For isolate G 11 3 L6 however, both formulations performed equally well at a high, 1 x10⁷ conidia.ml⁻ₑ concentration (conidial suspension: 60 %; granular: 65 %) The results obtained thus far are promising for the control of FCM in citrus, but if these EPFs are to successfully integrate into current FCM control practices more research, some of which is discussed, is essential
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Love, Claire Natalie. "The biology, behaviour and survival of pupating false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a citrus pest in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018907.

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Control of the citrus pest, false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is crucial for the South African citrus industry. The economic losses and phytosanitary status of this pest, coupled with increased consumer awareness and demands, has created a need for effective, IPM-compatible control measures for use against the soil-dwelling life stages of FCM. Promising developments in the field of microbial control through the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have highlighted the need for research regarding pupation biology, behaviour and survival of FCM, as a good understanding of biology of the target organism is an important component of any biological control programme. The aim of this study was to improve the current understanding of FCM pupation habits through the manipulation of soil texture class, ground cover, shading, soil compaction, air temperature, and soil moisture in the laboratory. These findings would then be used to aid the biological control programmes using EPF and EPNs against FCM in the soil. Three soil texture classes (sandy loam, silt loam and silty clay loam) were obtained from orchards for use in the study. FCM larvae were allowed to drop into the soil of their own accord and the pupation behaviour that followed was then captured on film with pupae formed in the soil being kept in order to measure adult eclosion. In general, very few abiotic factors had a clear influence on FCM pupation. Larval wandering time and distance was short, but also variable between individuals. Distance did increase when soils were moist. Pupation depth was shallow, with pupal cocoons generally being formed on the soil surface. Depth of pupation was less than one centimetre for all abiotic conditions, with little burrowing into soil. Eclosion success was higher for sandier soils when these were dry and uncompacted, but the addition of both moisture and soil compaction increased FCM eclosion success. FCM was sensitive to desiccation when the soils were dry and temperature limits of 15 °C and 32 °C had a strongly negative impact on eclosion success. Preferences for particular abiotic conditions were limited to only certain moisture conditions when interacting with soil texture class and a preference for pupating in soil when it is available. Limited preference was found for particular soil textures despite this having a strong influence on eclosion success, but individuals did appear to pupate in close proximity to one another. Viable direct habitat manipulation for FCM control could not be identified. These results and all of the abiotic variables measured have important implications for EPF and EPN application, survival and persistence in the soil in order to improve the ability of these biological control agents to control FCM. These are discussed in each chapter.
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Sishuba, Nomahlubi. "Investigation of the larval parasitoids of the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia Leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on citrus in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016267.

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The study examined the larval parasitoids of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) on citrus in South Africa and aimed to improve the existing rearing techniques of C. leucotreta with a view to mass rearing of biological control agents. The biological characteristics of Agathis bishopi Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied, with an emphasis on parasitism rates in the field, host stage preference, developmental rate, life span and offspring sex ratios. Two larval parasitoids, A. bishopi and Apophua leucotretae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and an egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were recorded on C. leucotreta on citrus. A. bishopi was the more abundant of the larval parasitoids and exhibited density dependent parasitism. The highest parasitism rates were observed in December with up to 38% in Sundays River Valley and 34% in Gamtoos River Valley, at a time when the highest false codling moth infestations were observed. Agathis bishopi was recorded only in the Eastern Cape Province. The sex ratio of A. bishopi was biased towards females throughout the study (77% in Gamtoos River Valley and 72% in Sundays River Valley). Agathis bishopi is a solitary, koinobiont, larval-pupal endoparasitoid. The species showed a preference for 1st and 2"d instar hosts. Females regulate the sex of their progeny according to the size and larval stage of the host, ovipositing unfertilised eggs in younger, smaller larvae (1st instars) and fertilised eggs in older, larger larvae (2nd instars). The developmental rate of A. bishopi is in synchrony with that of the moth and adults emerge when adult moths that have escaped parasitism emerge. Agathis bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae compliment each other because they have different niches and strategies of attack. Integrating A. bishopi and T. cryptophlebiae into the management of citrus orchards has potential to suppress false codling moth. Larger rearing containers seemed ideal for large-scale rearing of false codling moth. A higher percentage of adults was obtained from larvae reared in larger containers than in smaller ones. The width of the sponges used as stoppers prevented escape of the larvae. Media prepared in larger containers are easier and simpler to prepare than in smaller ones, thus eliminating many precautions otherwise necessary to prevent contamination. Moth production was greatly reduced by the high concentration of Sporekill used for egg decontamination.
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Gendall, Kierryn Leigh. "Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: braconidae) its biology and usefulness as a biological control agent for false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae), on citrus bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: braconidae) its biology and usefulness as a biological control agent for false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae), on citrus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005317.

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The false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major pests of citrus in South Africa, the others being mealybug, Mediterranean fruit fly, bollworm and some mites. Due to problems such as the expense of pesticides, insects evolving pesticide resistance (Hogsette 1999), chemical residue on the skin of export fruit and the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, it became necessary to find alternative methods for pest control (Viggiani 2000). Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of false codling moth known only from the Sundays River Valley area (Sishuba 2003), offers a means of control for the pest. A total of 11 389 navel oranges were collected from various orchards in the Addo/Kirkwood area, and false codling moth larvae infested 36.09% of the fruit. A single parasitoid species, A. bishopi, was reared from these larvae. In 2006 the highest parasitism rate, 11.43%, was recorded in May and in 2007, the highest parasitism rate, 13.27%, was in April. Agathis bishopi parasitizes larvae in instars 2 and 3, possibly due to the accessibility of these younger instars to the female parasitoid and possibly due to the length of the life cycle of this koinobiont. Second instar hosts yielded the highest number of parasitoids, and there was no emergence of parasitoids from fifth instar larvae. Females of A. bishopi live for 18.5 days (n = 20; S.E. = 3.1) and males for 8.25 days (n = 20; S.E. = 1.23). Females produce an average of 23 offspring in a lifetime, while female false codling moths produce about 800 eggs each. A high number of parasitoids will be required per hectare to reduce the population of false codling moth. Captive rearing of A. bishopi proved difficult due to viral and fungal contamination. Agathis bishopi has potential for use in an integrated pest management programme once the hurdle of mass-rearing has been overcome.
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10

Wagenaar, Gideon Daniel. "Dispersal of sterile false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), for a sterile insect technique programme on citrus." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4977.

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The false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of citrus in South Africa and challenging to manage due to its inconspicuous nature. An effective method currently being employed for the area-wide suppression of the FCM is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and the effective dispersal of sterile moths is very important for success with SIT. This study was conducted in the Addo area of the Sundays River Valley (Eastern Cape) where the programme is commercially used. In this study, sterile male moths were released in different orchards on a citrus farm, and in nearby veld at different times of the year, and their dispersal was monitored through the use of pheromone traps. Various climatic factors were monitored. This provided insight into the local dispersal of sterile male FCM adults in response to abiotic cues (particularly climatic factors). The movement of the FCM in four citrus cultivars, namely lemons, navel and Valencia oranges and mandarins and in the nearby veld (open field), was determined at six different stages of the year. Results clearly indicated that sterile FCM movement is concentrated within citrus orchards, as very few moths were trapped beyond 30 m from the release point, particularly in navel and Valencia orchards. Of the climatic factors measured, minimum and maximum temperatures had the most significant influence on FCM dispersal, and based on the results, various recommendations are made for the releases of sterile FCM in an area-wide SIT management programmes on citrus. A better understanding of the dispersal capabilities of the FCM in an agricultural system, under different conditions and at different times of the year, is invaluable not only in improving release strategies in an SIT programme but in planning future control strategies against the FCM.
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Books on the topic "Tortricid pests"

1

H, LaGasa Eric, Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture. Laboratory Services Division., and Washington State Library. Electronic State Publications., eds. 2001 Western Washington exotic pest detection survey: A pheromone-trap survey for proeulia spp. (lepidoptera: tortricidae). [Olympia, Wash.]: Laboratory Services Division, Pest Program, Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2001.

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H, LaGasa Eric, Washington (State). Plant Protection Division., and Washington State Library. Electronic State Publications., eds. 2002 pheromone-trap detection survey for plum fruit moth, grapholita funebrana (Treitschke, 1835) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), an exotic pest of prunus spp. [Olympia, Wash.]: Plant Protection Divison, Pest Program, Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2003.

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M, Smith S., Carrow J. R, and Laing J. E, eds. Inundative release of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), against forest insect pests such as the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): The Ontario Project 1982-1986. Ottawa: Entomological Society of Canada, 1990.

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Tortricid pests: Their biology, natural enemies, and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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L. P. S. van der Geest and H. H. Evenhuis. Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 1991.

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Whittle, K. Pests not known to occur in the United States or of limited distribution. 86. A tortricid moth. 1987.

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Powell, Jerry A. Biosystematic Studies of Conifer-Feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) in the Western United States: Tortricidae) in the Western United States (Celebrations). University of California Press, 1996.

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Kelly, Alice M. Oviposition behavior and thermal constants for egg development of the filbertworm Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). 1987.

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Zabidi, Ahmed Hizam. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and development of the filbert leafroller, archips rosanus L. (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. 1994.

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Archips podana (scopoli) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) host survey 2002: Northwest Washington occurrence of an old world tree-fruit pest new to the United States. [Olympia, Wash.]: Plant Protection Divison, Pest Program, Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tortricid pests"

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Knight, Alan L., Gary J. R. Judd, Todd Gilligan, Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras, and William B. Walker III. "Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit." In Integrated management of diseases and insect pests of tree fruit, 377–424. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2019.0046.19.

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Altimira, Fabiola, Nancy Vitta, and Eduardo Tapia. "Integrated Pest Management of Lobesia botrana with Microorganism in Vineyards: An Alternative for Clean Grapes Production." In Grapes and Wine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99153.

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The moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the principal pests of the grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). His larvae feeds from grape, reducing production and increasing susceptibility to fungal infections. This makes it one of the most economically important pest insects in wine and table grape exporting countries. This chapter will describe the distribution, biology, and behavior of L. botrana regarding its host, the grapevine, along with its control via the use of natural enemies, entomopathogenic microorganisms, MD (mating disruption) and chemical control. Finally, we will describe an integrated management strategy based on monitoring, MD, and biological control using entomopathogenic microorganisms. This strategy could be useful as a basis for integrated pest control plans in various regions worldwide.
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Stavraki, H., T. Broumas, and K. Souliotis. "Study of the biology of Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiff.) (Tortricidae) in Macedonia (Greece) during 1984–1985." In Integrated Pest Control in Viticulture, 21–26. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211426-7.

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Münster-Swendsen, Mikael. "The Role of Insect Parasitoids in Population Cycles of the Spruce Needleminer in Denmark." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0006.

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The spruce needleminer, Epinotia tedella (Cl.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a small and abundant moth associated with Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Larvae mine spruce needles, usually those more than 1 year old, and each requires about 35 needles to meet its food demands. In central Europe, the spruce needleminer is regarded as a temporary, serious pest when densities reach several thousand per square meter. However, it seldom causes significant damage in Scandinavian countries. An exception was the heavy infestation in southern Denmark in 1960-61. The spruce needleminer has one generation per year. Adults emerge in June and deposit eggs singly on spruce needles. Larvae mine the needles from July through October and then descend on silken threads in November to hibernate in the forest litter as prepupal larvae in cocoons. Pupation occurs in early May and lasts 3-4 weeks. Like many other forest defoliators, spruce needleminers are associated with a diverse fauna of parasitic Hymenoptera (parasitoids) (Münster-Swendsen 1979). Eggs are attacked by a minute wasp (Trichogramma sp.) that kills the embryo and emerges as an adult a few weeks later. Because spruce needleminer eggs have all hatched by this time, the parasitoids must oviposit in the eggs of other insect species. In other words, this parasitoid is not host-specific and therefore not expected to show a numerical response to spruce needleminer population changes. Newly hatched moth larvae immediately bore into needles and, because of this, are fairly well protected against weather and predators. However, specialized parasitic wasps (parasitoids) are able to deposit their eggs inside a larva by penetrating the needle with their ovipositor. Two species, Apanteles tedellae (Nix.) and Pimplopterus dubius (Hgn.), dominate the parasitoid guild and sometimes attack a large percentage of the larvae (Münster -Swendsen 1985). Parasitized larvae continue to feed and, in November, descend to the forest floor to overwinter with unparasitized individuals. In late April, however, the parasitoids take over and kill their hosts. Besides mortality from endoparasitoids, up to 2% of the larvae die within the mine due to an ectoparasitoid and a predatory cecidomyid larva.
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