Journal articles: 'Torres Strait Islanders Health and hygiene'

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Ionn, Mark A. "Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders and Equitable Educational Outcomes: A Focus on How School and Society Maintain Misconceptions." Aboriginal Child at School 23, no. 4 (December 1995): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002076.

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Since colonisation, Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have been compartmentalised by white society in many facets in their lives. This paper focuses on education, detailing problems faced by Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. Participation of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in formal education (including post-compulsory) has been very low compared to other Australians, thus upward social mobility has not dramatically changed. In both health and welfare, Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders are still highly disadvantaged in society (Keen, 1988). The current federal government proclaims itself the champion of social justice and equity, yet these issues remain at the forefront of indigenous problems. Major questions have to be asked about how Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders consider the relevance of schooling, the way they learn, how they are taughtandby whom. Moreover, what is an appropriate mix of cultural preservation and education and training to ‘fit in’ with a capitalistic society? Is this the same for all indigenous groups in Australia, considering the diverse range of urban and rural groups?

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Ban, Paul. "Access and attitudes to health care of Torres Strait Islanders living in mainland Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04023.

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Ninety-two mainland Torres Strait Islanders, across five communities on mainland Australia, were consulted in relation to their access to health service providers. Similar numbers were interviewed in different-sized locations encompassing urban, rural, and remote areas. This exploratory study was the first to consider the health access issues of mainland Torres Strait Islanders. Overall, community controlled health services were the most commonly used exclusive health service providers, followed by private medical services and hospital outpatient services. The two most common reasons for the choice of health service provider in each community were convenience of access and the quality of relationship and trust with the medical staff. In general, the Torres Strait Islanders interviewed stated they are not comfortable seeking medical treatment, and delay accessing any health services. There was a high level of satisfaction in all communities with private medical services. Concerns were raised regarding long waiting periods at community controlled health services and hospital outpatient services, along with lack of confidentiality at community controlled health services. People wanted to see Torres Strait Islander staff at community controlled health services and hospital outpatient services to help facilitate greater access.

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Henson, Connie, Boe Rambaldini, Bronwyn Carlson, Monika Wadolowski, Carol Vale, and Kylie Gwynne. "A new path to address health disparities: How older Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander women use social media to enhance community health (Protocol)." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762210844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221084469.

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Background Digital health offers a fresh avenue to address health disparities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Despite the scant evidence about how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders access and use health technology, the Australian government has prioritised research that uses technology to enable people to manage their health and promote better health outcomes. Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are cultural leaders in their communities, enabling them to provide valuable insights about the safety and efficacy of health care messaging. However, no research has engaged older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, women as partners in digital health research. Objective This paper provides a protocol for co-designed translational research that privileges older Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander women’s cultural expertise to design and test a framework for accessible, culturally safe and feasible digital health technologies. Methods This mixed-methods research project will use the collective impact approach, a user-centred, co-design methodology and yarning circles, a recognised Indigenous research methodology. A series of yarning circles with three different communities will elucidate enablers and barriers to access health information; co-create a framework clarifying what works and does not work for digital health promotion in their communities; and test the framework by co-creating three digital health information programs. Conclusions Privileging the cultural expertise of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women will provide a novel perspective and vital guidance that end users and developers can trust and rely upon to create and evaluate culturally safe and efficacious digital health promotion programs.

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Bernardes, Christina M., Stuart Ekberg, Stephen Birch, Renata F. I. Meuter, Andrew Claus, Matthew Bryant, Jermaine Isua, et al. "Clinician Perspectives of Communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Managing Pain: Needs and Preferences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031572.

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Poor communication is an important factor contributing to health disparity. This study sought to investigate clinicians’ perspectives about communicating with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with pain. This multi-site and mixed-methods study involved clinicians from three pain management services in Queensland, Australia. Clinicians completed a survey and participated in focus groups. Clinicians rated the importance of communication training, their knowledge, ability, and confidence in communicating with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients using a 5-point Likert scale. Rating scores were combined into low (scores 1–2); moderate (score 3) and high (scores 4–5). Informed by an interpretive description methodology, thematic analysis of focus group data was used to identify the communication needs and training preferences of clinicians. Overall (N = 64), 88% of clinicians rated the importance of communication training when supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients as “high”. In contrast, far fewer clinicians rated as “high” their knowledge (28%), ability (25%) and confidence (28%) in effectively communicating with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients. Thematic analysis identified three areas of need: knowledge of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, health beliefs, and understanding cross-cultural cues. Communication skills can be learned and training, in the form of a tailored intervention to support quality engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients, should combine cultural and communication aspects with biomedical knowledge.

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Castles, Simon, Zoe Wainer, and Harindra Jayasekara. "Risk factors for cancer in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population: a systematic review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 3 (2016): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15048.

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Cancer incidence in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is higher and survival lower compared with non-Indigenous Australians. A proportion of these cancers are potentially preventable if factors associated with carcinogenesis are known and successfully avoided. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature to examine risk factors for cancer in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Electronic databases Medline, Web of Science and the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Bibliographic Index were searched through August 2014 using broad search terms. Studies reporting a measure of association between a risk factor and any cancer site in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population were eligible for inclusion. Ten studies (1991–2014) were identified, mostly with small sample sizes, showing marked heterogeneity in terms of methods used to assess exposure and capture outcomes, and often using descriptive comparative analyses. Relatively young (as opposed to elderly) and geographically remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were found to be at increased risk for selected cancers while most modifiable lifestyle and behavioural risk factors were rarely assessed. Further studies examining associations between potential risk factors and cancer will help define public health policy for cancer prevention in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population.

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Lansbury, Nina, Andrew M. Redmond, and Francis Nona. "Community-Led Health Initiatives for Torres Straits Island Communities in a Changing Climate: Implementing Core Values for Mitigation and Adaptation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416574.

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First Nations Peoples have a long history of living in Australia’s changing climate and a deep knowledge of their traditional estate (‘Country’). However, human-induced climate change raises unforeseen risks to the health of First Nations Peoples—especially in remotely located communities. This includes the Torres Strait Islands, where a local leader asked our Torres Strait Islander co-author, ’We know that you will return to your Country—unlike previous researchers. So how can you help with climate change?’ In response, this research describes four core values focused on supporting First Nations Peoples’ health and wellbeing: co-design, appropriate governance, support for self-determination, and respectfully incorporating Indigenous Knowledges into health-protective climate initiatives. Supporting the health and wellbeing of Torres Strait Islanders to continue living in the remote Torres Strait Islands in a changing climate can enable long-term care for Country, maintenance of culture, and a sense of identity for First Nations Peoples. Ensuring these core values are implemented can support the health of present and future generations and will likely be applicable to other First Nations communities.

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Atkinson-Briggs, Sharon, Alicia Jenkins, Christopher Ryan, and Laima Brazionis. "Prevalence of Health-Risk Behaviours Among Indigenous Australians With Diabetes: A Review." Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 3, no. 4 (2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/aihjournal.v3n4.6.

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are at high risk of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Optimal lifestyle choices can improve health outcomes. A thematic review of original research publications related to smoking, nutrition, alcohol intake, physical activity and emotional wellness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with diabetes was performed. Overall, 7118 English-language publications were identified by search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline-Web of Science, and Google Scholar) with search terms Indigenous Australians OR Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders AND diabetes AND lifestyle OR smoking OR nutrition OR alcohol OR physical activity OR emotional wellbeing and their common synonyms. After review of abstracts and publication reference lists, 36 articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. In general, the self-reported health-related behaviours of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian adults with diabetes, which is predominantly Type 2 diabetes, was suboptimal. An important clinical challenge in diabetes care is to sustainably reduce smoking, improve nutrition (including alcohol use), increase physical activity, reduce sedentary time, and improve emotional wellbeing, which should lead to reduced rates of diabetes complications. Regular assessments and multi-stakeholder input, including individuals, communities, clinical, health policy, societal and government inputs and partnerships, are desirable to facilitate closing the gap in health between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians.

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Temple, Jeromey, and Joanna Russell. "Food Insecurity among Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081766.

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It is well established that Indigenous populations are at a heightened risk of food insecurity. Yet, although populations (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) are ageing, little is understood about the levels of food insecurity experienced by older Indigenous peoples. Using Australian data, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Using nationally representative data, we employed ordinal logistic regression models to investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and food insecurity. We found that 21% of the older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population were food insecure, with 40% of this group exposed to food insecurity with food depletion and inadequate intake. This places this population at a 5 to 7-fold risk of experiencing food insecurity relative to their older non-Indigenous peers. Measures of geography, language and low socio-economic status were highly associated with exposure to food insecurity. Addressing food insecurity offers one pathway to reduce the disparity in health outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and non-Indigenous Australians. Policies that consider both remote and non-remote Australia, as well as those that involve Aboriginal people in their design and implementation are needed to reduce food insecurity.

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Guest, Charles. "Diabetes in Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders: effects, causes and strategies." Australian Journal of Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 12, 2010): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00407.x.

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Anderson, Elayne, Jeanne Ellard, and Jack Wallace. "Torres Strait Islanders‘ understandings of chronic hepatitis B and attitudes to treatment." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 4 (2016): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14130.

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Indigenous Australians are disproportionally affected by hepatitis B compared with non-Indigenous Australians. The higher prevalence of hepatitis B among Indigenous Australians has been linked to an increased incidence of liver cancer in this population. There is evidence that comprehensive programs of hepatitis B virus management, which include liver cancer surveillance and appropriate antiviral therapy, offer a cost-effective approach to reduce the incidence of liver cancer in Australia. This paper reports on data from the first study investigating understandings of hepatitis B and attitudes to treatment among Torres Strait Islanders living with chronic hepatitis B. Forty-two participants completed an interview questionnaire. Participants typically had an unclear understanding of hepatitis B and reported significant gaps in monitoring and follow up. A majority of participants indicated a willingness to use treatment if required. The findings of this study suggest the need for a new service delivery model that is appropriate to remote communities such as the Torres Strait Islands, to improve hepatitis B follow up, disease monitoring and management, and where appropriate, the uptake of treatment.

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Macintosh, David J., and Belinda Pearson. "FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINALS AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDERS." Australian Journal of Rural Health 9, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2001.tb00406.x.

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Wotherspoon, Craig, and Cylie M. Williams. "Exploring the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients admitted to a metropolitan health service." Australian Health Review 43, no. 2 (2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17096.

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Objective There continue to be disparate health outcomes for people who are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. The aim of the present study was to measure whether there were any differences in in-patient experiences between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and those without an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background. Methods Random samples of people were invited to complete a survey following admission at the hospitals at Peninsula Health, Victoria, Australia. This survey was based on the Victorian Patient Satisfaction Monitor. Open-ended questions were also asked to gauge perspectives on how the services could better meet needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients. Results A total of 154 responses was obtained. There were differences between the two groups of participants in the following variables: respect of privacy, representation of culture, assistance with meals and access to a culturally specific worker if needed. This was reflected in thematic analysis, with three main themes identified: (1) interactions with staff; (2) the challenging environment; and (3) not just about me, but my family too. Conclusion There were systemic differences in in-patient experiences. Healthcare services have a responsibility to make systemic changes to improve the health care of all Australians by understanding and reforming how services can be appropriately delivered. What is known about the topic? There is a disparity in health outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and those who do not identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. In addition, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have different interactions within healthcare services. Many rural health services have models that aim to deliver culturally appropriate services, but it is unknown whether the same challenges apply for this group of Australians within metropolitan health services. What does this paper add? This paper identifies the structural supports that are required to help close the gap in health care provision inequality. Many of the key issues identified are not people but system based. Healthcare administrators should consider the factors identified and address these at a whole-of-service level. What are the implications for practitioners? Many practitioners are aware of the challenges of providing culturally appropriate services. This research raises awareness of how traditional healthcare is not a one size fits all and flexibility is required to improve health outcomes.

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Taylor, Sean, Fintan Thompson, and Robyn McDermott. "Barriers to insulin treatment among Australian Torres Strait Islanders with poorly controlled diabetes." Australian Journal of Rural Health 24, no. 6 (September 8, 2016): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12315.

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McBain-Rigg, Kristin E., and Craig Veitch. "Cultural barriers to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Mount Isa." Australian Journal of Rural Health 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2011.01186.x.

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Bookallil, Marianne, and David Thomas. "Little evidence of effectiveness for screening in new Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Health Check." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2006.tb00116.x.

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Armstrong, Gregory, Georgina Sutherland, Eliza Pross, Andrew Mackinnon, Nicola Reavley, and Anthony F. Jorm. "Talking about suicide: An uncontrolled trial of the effects of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health first aid program on knowledge, attitudes and intended and actual assisting actions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): e0244091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244091.

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Objective Suicide is a leading cause of death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Friends, family and frontline workers (for example, teachers, youth workers) are often best positioned to provide initial assistance if someone is at risk of suicide. We developed culturally appropriate expert consensus guidelines on how to provide mental health first aid to Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviour and used this as the basis for a 5-hour suicide gatekeeper training course called Talking About Suicide. This paper describes the outcomes for participants in an uncontrolled trial of this training course. Methods We undertook an uncontrolled trial of the Talking About Suicide course, delivered by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health First Aid instructors to 192 adult (i.e. 18 years of age or older) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (n = 110) and non-Indigenous (n = 82) participants. Questionnaires capturing self-report outcomes were self-administered immediately before (n = 192) and after attending the training course (n = 188), and at four-months follow-up (n = 98). Outcome measures were beliefs about suicide, stigmatising attitudes, confidence in ability to assist, and intended and actual actions to assist a suicidal person. Results Despite a high level of suicide literacy among participants at pre-course measurement, improvements at post-course were observed in beliefs about suicide, stigmatising attitudes, confidence in ability to assist and intended assisting actions. While attrition at follow-up decreased statistical power, some improvements in beliefs about suicide, stigmatising attitudes and intended assisting actions remained statistically significant at follow-up. Importantly, actual assisting actions taken showed dramatic improvements between pre-course and follow-up. Participants reported feeling more confident to assist a suicidal person after the course and this was maintained at follow-up. The course was judged to be culturally appropriate by those participants who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders. Implications The results of this uncontrolled trial were encouraging, suggesting that the Talking About Suicide course was able to improve participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and intended assisting actions as well as actual actions taken.

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McIntosh, Ian. "Anthropologists and Aboriginal Reconciliation: The Efficacy of Symbolic Reconciliatory Gestures." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.wh27t417114206u1.

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The context of this article is the quest for justice and reparations for Australia's indigenous citizens. In 1991 the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation was established through a unanimous vote in both houses of the Australian federal parliament. Comprised of twenty-five members (twelve of whom are Aboriginal and two Torres Strait Islanders) the Council identified eight key goals for a process centered on fostering the recognition of indigenous cultures by non-Aboriginal Australians, and on promoting fair and proper standards for indigenous Australians in health, housing, employment and education, and other fields.

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Bennett, Elizabeth, Lenore Manderson, Brian Kelly, and Ian Hardie. "Cultural factors in dialysis and renal transplantation among Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in North Queensland." Australian Journal of Public Health 19, no. 6 (February 12, 2010): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00466.x.

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Carman, William, Marie Ishida, Justin S. Trounson, Stewart W. Mercer, Kanya Anindya, Grace Sum, Gregory Armstrong, Brian Oldenburg, Barbara McPake, and John Tayu Lee. "Epidemiology of physical–mental multimorbidity and its impact among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e054999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054999.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the differences in multimorbidity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous Australians, and the effect of multimorbidity on health service use and work productivity.SettingCross-sectional sample of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia wave 17.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of 16 749 respondents aged 18 years and above.Outcome measuresMultimorbidity prevalence and pattern, self-reported health, health service use and employment productivity by Indigenous status.ResultsAboriginal respondents reported a higher prevalence of multimorbidity (24.2%) compared with non-Indigenous Australians (20.7%), and the prevalence of mental–physical multimorbidity was almost twice as high (16.1% vs 8.1%). Multimorbidity pattern varies significantly among the Aboriginal and non-Indigenous Australians. Multimorbidity was associated with higher health service use (any overnight admission: adjusted OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.46 to 1.58), reduced employment productivity (days of sick leave: coefficient=0.25, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.31) and lower perceived health status (SF6D score: coefficient=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.05 to −0.04). These associations were found to be comparable in both Aboriginal and non-Indigenous populations.ConclusionsMultimorbidity prevalence was significantly greater among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared with the non-Indigenous population, especially mental–physical multimorbidity. Strategies are required for better prevention and management of multimorbidity for the aboriginal population to reduce health inequalities in Australia.

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Snodgrass, William J., Victoria Rayner, Simon M. Rice, Rosemary Purcell, and Jennifer Bowers. "Evaluation of a culturally sensitive social and emotional well‐being program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders." Australian Journal of Rural Health 28, no. 4 (August 2020): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12656.

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Santiago, Pedro Henrique Ribeiro, Lisa Gaye Smithers, Rachel Roberts, and Lisa Jamieson. "Psychometric properties of the Social Support Scale (SSS) in two Aboriginal samples." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): e0279954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279954.

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In Australia, despite social support increasingly being reported as playing an important role in influencing health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, measures of social support have not yet been validated for Aboriginal people. The current study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Social Support Scale in an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander population. The Social Support Scale (SSS) is a 4-item psychological instrument that was designed to evaluate four social support functions, instrumental, informational, emotional and appraisal support. Data included participants from two different samples: (1) Teeth Talk Study (n = 317), an oral-health randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted with Aboriginal adults; and (2) the South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort Study (n = 367), a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study in which pregnant Aboriginal women were interviewed at baseline. The SSS psychometric properties were examined with Graphical Loglinear Rasch Models (GLLRM). The overall fit to a GLLRM was established (χ2(96)sample1 = 52.7, p = 0.06; χ2(25)sample2 = 22.2, p = 0.62) after accounting for local dependence between items 3 and 4. Item 2 displayed differential item functioning by employment status in Sample 1. Regarding dimensionality, the SSS was unidimensional in both samples (γobs1 = 0.80; γexp1 = 0.78, p = 0.65; γobs2 = 0.75, γexp2 = 0.77, p = 0.16). The instrument also displayed good reliability (Rsample1 = 0.82, Rsample2 = 0.84). Despite a few identified limitations (such as poor targeting), the findings indicated that the SSS is a promising instrument to provide culturally-valid and reliable measurement of social support among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. Future studies should further investigate the instrument psychometric properties in other Aboriginal samples and the development and inclusion of culturally-sensitive items are also recommended.

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Charlson, Fiona, Bruce Gynther, Karin Obrecht, Ed Heffernan, Michael David, Jesse T. Young, and Ernest Hunter. "Incarceration among adults living with psychosis in Indigenous populations in Cape York and the Torres Strait." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 7 (January 21, 2021): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420985247.

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Objective: The relationship between psychosis and contact with the criminal justice system for Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas is not well understood. In this study, the authors examine patterns of incarceration among Indigenous people living with psychosis in Cape York and the Torres Strait over two decades. Methods: Data were collated from a clinical database of complete psychiatric records from 1992 to 2015, extracted for all Indigenous patients with a psychotic disorder from the Remote Area Mental Health Service, and linked to the Queensland Corrections Service database. Descriptive statistics were calculated to compare characteristics between those incarcerated and those not incarcerated during the study period and to quantify patterns of incarceration including types of offences, time spent in custody and frequency of incarceration. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess associations between reported variables and ‘first incarceration’. Results: Forty-five percent of Aboriginal patients ( n = 116) were incarcerated compared with 31% of Torres Strait Islanders ( n = 41) ( p = 0.008), and the proportion of males incarcerated (51%, n = 141) was approximately twice that of females (24%, n = 35; p = 0.001). A cluster of first incarcerations were observed in close time proximity to diagnosis of psychosis. Individuals who had a history of both alcohol and cannabis use had approximately two times higher risk of being incarcerated following positive diagnosis compared to those without a history of substance use (hazard ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval: [1.08, 3.17]; p = 0.028). Males accounted for approximately 85% ( n = 328) of sentences. The most common most serious offence was causing physical harm to others (assault – n = 122, 31%). Conclusion: Our study found that for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a psychotic disorder in North Queensland, criminal justice responses with resultant incarceration occurs frequently. Access to appropriate mental health services and diversion options for Indigenous Australians with psychosis should be a key public health and justice priority.

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Tolchard, Barry, and Cynthia Stuhlmiller. "Chronic health and lifestyle problems for people diagnosed with autism in a student-led clinic." Advances in Autism 4, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-01-2018-0002.

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Purpose People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at greater risk of developing chronic health and risky lifestyle problems. This is exaggerated further for people living in rural settings and from cultural backgrounds traditionally underserved by healthcare services. The purpose of this paper is to describe an evaluation of health and behavioural lifestyle outcomes of people diagnosed with ASD in a student-led clinic in rural/regional Australia. Design/methodology/approach Routine clinical outcomes and lifestyle measures were routinely collected at a primary acre student-led Clinic in rural/regional Australia. Participants were all attending the clinic who provided consent for their routine date to be reported. Participants ranged in age from new born to 100 years and were representative of the local community. Findings The results indicate there is an increased risk for people with ASD developing chronic conditions compared to those without a diagnosis. This also resulted in higher body mass index and blood sugar levels linked to diabetes and hypertension. Mental health problems were common in people diagnosed with ASD especially anxiety disorders. Smoking was problematic for people with ASD but mainly in non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Alcohol use was not an increase risk in ASD. Originality/value Little is reported on the health and lifestyle experiences of people with ASD in rural/regional settings, especially from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This paper gives an initial insight to the presentation of chronic conditions and harmful lifestyle choices. Possible insights into adapting or modifying care for people with ASD in rural/regional Australia are given.

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D'Onise, Katina, and Russell Waddell. "Recurrent gonorrhoea in South Australia, 1987 - 2003." Sexual Health 3, no. 3 (2006): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06006.

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In Australia, it is unclear if individuals are being recurrently infected with gonorrhoea, a proxy for identifying core groups. We reviewed all notified gonococcal (GC) infections in South Australia between 1987 and 2003. A case of repeated GC infection is one in which at least one further episode of GC infection occurred after 30 days and within 365 days of the first infection. There were 253 recurrent infections (7.26%) from 238 individuals. Men who have sex with men (MSM) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) were significantly more likely to be recurrently infected with gonorrhoea than the rest of the South Australian population. This method of identifying individuals who have recurrent gonococcal infections can be used to target more frequent screening for individuals in a population who are more likely to be a part of the core group.

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Haswell-Elkins, Melissa, Paula Imray, Soisungwan Satarug, Michael R. Moore, and Kerin O'Dea. "Urinary excretion of cadmium among Torres Strait Islanders (Australia) at risk of elevated dietary exposure through traditional foods." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 17, no. 4 (August 16, 2006): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500520.

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Taylor, Sean, and Robyn McDermott. "High glycaemia and low uptake of insulin treatment among remote Torres Strait Islanders with diabetes: Implications for service delivery." Australian Journal of Rural Health 24, no. 6 (August 10, 2016): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12322.

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Graham, Simon, Catherine C. O'Connor, Stephen Morgan, Catherine Chamberlain, and Jane Hocking. "Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16013.

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Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) are Australia’s first peoples. Between 2006 and 2015, HIV notifications increased among Aboriginal people; however, among non-Aboriginal people, notifications remained relatively stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people overall and by subgroups. Methods: In November 2015, a search of PubMed and Web of Science, grey literature and abstracts from conferences was conducted. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people tested and those who tested positive for HIV. The following variables were extracted: gender; Aboriginal status; population group (men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, adults, youth in detention and pregnant females) and geographical location. An assessment of between study heterogeneity (I2 test) and within study bias (selection, measurement and sample size) was also conducted. Results: Seven studies were included; all were cross-sectional study designs. The overall sample size was 3772 and the prevalence of HIV was 0.1% (I2 = 38.3%, P = 0.136). Five studies included convenient samples of people attending Australian Needle and Syringe Program Centres, clinics, hospitals and a youth detention centre, increasing the potential of selection bias. Four studies had a sample size, thus decreasing the ability to report pooled estimates. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people in Australia is low. Community-based programs that include both prevention messages for those at risk of infection and culturally appropriate clinical management and support for Aboriginal people living with HIV are needed to prevent HIV increasing among Aboriginal people.

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Lessing, Kate, and Ilse Blignault. "Mental health telemedicine programmes in Australia." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633011936949.

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A national survey of mental health telemedicine programmes was conducted and data collected on their catchment areas, organizational structure, equipment, clinical and non-clinical activity, and use by populations who traditionally have been poorly served by mental health services in Australia. Of 25 programmes surveyed, information was obtained for 23. Sixteen programmes had dealt with a total of 526 clients during the preceding three months. Of these, 397 (75%) were resident in rural or remote locations at the time of consultation. Thirty-seven (7%) were Aboriginals or Torres Strait Islanders. Only 19 (4%) were migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds. The programmes provided both direct clinical and secondary support services. Overall, the number of videoconferencing sessions devoted to clinical activity was low, the average being 123 sessions of direct clinical care per programme per year. Videoconferencing was also used for professional education, peer support, professional supervision, administration and linking families. The results of the study suggest that telehealth can increase access to mental health services for people in rural and remote areas, particularly those who have hitherto been poorly served by mental health services in Australia.

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Field, Pat, and Gordon Gregory. "NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS TO COMBINE FOR WORK ON CHRONIC DISEASE IN ABORIGINAL PEOPLES, TORRES STRAIT ISLANDERS AND RURAL AND REMOTE POPULATIONS." Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2000.tb00363.x.

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Tynan, Anna, David Walker, Taygan Tucker, Barry Fisher, and Tarita Fisher. "Managing oral health care and prevention: The experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living in a rural community in Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 30, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12853.

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Gould, G. S., J. Munn, T. Watters, A. McEwen, and A. R. Clough. "Knowledge and Views About Maternal Tobacco Smoking and Barriers for Cessation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: A Systematic Review and Meta-ethnography." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 15, no. 5 (October 4, 2012): 863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nts211.

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Ames, David. "Australia (Melbourne)." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 9 (September 1992): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.9.552.

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Australia is a unique, geologically ancient island continent. Its flora and fauna are unlike those found anywhere else and the same may be said of its people, politics and health services. The population of 17.3 millions represents a multicultural mix, with an anglo-celtic core conflated by sustained post-war immigration from southern Europe, Turkey, southeast Asia and south America. One in five current Australians was born elsewhere, one in ten comes from a non-English speaking background, and a quarter of those born here have a parent who was born overseas. Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders form 1.4% of the total population. They have third world mortality figures but die of first world diseases, their life expectancy being 20 years less than that of other Australians. Two hundred and four years after what they see as the British invasion, their standard of living lags far behind all other socio-cultural groups in the country. Most members of the Aboriginal community do not live long enough to develop Alzheimer's disease, but it and other age-related diseases are emerging as the major determinants of health costs as Australia moves towards the 21st century.

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Ward, James, Rebecca Guy, Rae-Lin Huang, Janet Knox, Sophie Couzos, David Scrimgeour, Liz Moore, et al. "Rapid point-of-care tests for HIV and sexually transmissible infection control in remote Australia: can they improve Aboriginal people's and Torres Strait Islanders' health." Sexual Health 9, no. 2 (2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh11051.

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Hogan, Trevor, and Priti Singh. "Modes of indigenous modernity." Thesis Eleven 145, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618763836.

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This special issue is the outcome of a collaborative venture – a three-day workshop between La Trobe University and Ateneo de Manila University, held in Manila. It brought together indigenous and non-indigenous researchers from both the Philippines and Australia and included aboriginal researchers in business studies, history, literature and anthropology, and non-indigenous researchers working on themes of indigenous history, material culture, film studies, literature, the visual arts, law and linguistics. The ‘indigenous’ peoples of the Philippines are very different to Australian Aborigines or Torres Strait Islanders. Nevertheless, they have common quests for political autonomy, protection of indigenous customary laws, traditions and knowledge, biodiversity, and development of independent self-governance structures for health, education and community development. These concerns involve analogous and overlapping political struggles with nation-states and in the forums of the UN, regional associations, global consortia, and the international courts. The papers in this issue are based on a roundtable in which the participants showcased their own research projects and interests on indigenous pathways, cultural pluralism and national identities; socio-economic development; and representation of indigenous identities in creative and visual arts.

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Lucero, Adam A., Danielle M. Lambrick, James A. Faulkner, Simon Fryer, Michael A. Tarrant, Melanie Poudevigne, Michelle A. Williams, and Lee Stoner. "Modifiable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Indigenous Populations." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547018.

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Objective. To identify modifiable cardio-metabolic and lifestyle risk factors among indigenous populations from Australia (Aboriginal Australians/Torres Strait Islanders), New Zealand (Māori), and the United States (American Indians and Alaska Natives) that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods. National health surveys were identified where available. Electronic databases identified sources for filling missing data. The most relevant data were identified, organized, and synthesized.Results. Compared to their non-indigenous counterparts, indigenous populations exhibit lower life expectancies and a greater prevalence of CVD. All indigenous populations have higher rates of obesity and diabetes, hypertension is greater for Māori and Aboriginal Australians, and high cholesterol is greater only among American Indians/Alaska Natives. In turn, all indigenous groups exhibit higher rates of smoking and dangerous alcohol behaviour as well as consuming less fruits and vegetables. Aboriginal Australians and American Indians/Alaska Natives also exhibit greater rates of sedentary behaviour.Conclusion. Indigenous groups from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States have a lower life expectancy then their respective non-indigenous counterparts. A higher prevalence of CVD is a major driving force behind this discrepancy. A cluster of modifiable cardio-metabolic risk factors precede CVD, which, in turn, is linked to modifiable lifestyle risk factors.

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Li, Ming, Robyn McDermott, Katina D'Onise, and Dympna Leonard. "Folate status and health behaviours in two Australian Indigenous populations in north Queensland." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 10 (February 10, 2012): 1959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003661.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess nutritional status using red-cell folate (RCF) and associated health behaviours including fruit and vegetable intake, smoking, drinking and physical activity in two Indigenous populations living in remote northern Australia.DesignA cross-sectional survey conducted during 1998–2000.SettingTwenty-six rural communities in north Queensland, Australia.SubjectsA total of 2524 Indigenous people aged 15 years and over was included in the study. Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were recorded. RCF was measured using the Bayer Advia Centaur automated immunoassay system. The association between low RCF (RCF<295 nmol/l) and risk factors was analysed using general linear models adjusted for demographic factors and covariates, namely BMI, diabetes and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe prevalence of RCF deficiency was higher in Aboriginal participants compared with Torres Strait Islanders (25·6 %v. 14·8 %,P< 0·001). Young women of childbearing age were more likely to have low RCF. Among Aboriginal adults, smoking was strongly associated with low RCF (risk ratio = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·5, 2·5 in females and risk ratio = 2·9, 95 % CI 1·9, 4·2 in males).ConclusionsIndigenous Australians, especially women of childbearing age, had high prevalence of low RCF. Smoking was associated with insufficient folate independent of fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal population. This population with an already higher risk of obesity and higher rate of tobacco smoking should be targeted to improve nutrition status to prevent ill health such as diabetes and CVD.

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Eisen, Damon P., Emma S. McBryde, Luke Vasanthakumar, Matthew Murray, Miriam Harings, and Oyelola Adegboye. "Linking administrative data sets of inpatient infectious diseases diagnoses in far North Queensland: a cohort profile." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034845.

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PurposeTo design a linked hospital database using administrative and clinical information to describe associations that predict infectious diseases outcomes, including long-term mortality.ParticipantsA retrospective cohort of Townsville Hospital inpatients discharged with an International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Australian Modification code for an infectious disease between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016 was assembled. This used linked anonymised data from: hospital administrative sources, diagnostic pathology, pharmacy dispensing, public health and the National Death Registry. A Created Study ID was used as the central identifier to provide associations between the cohort patients and the subsets of granular data which were processed into a relational database. A web-based interface was constructed to allow data extraction and evaluation to be performed using editable Structured Query Language.Findings to dateThe database has linked information on 41 367 patients with 378 487 admissions and 1 869 239 diagnostic/procedure codes. Scripts used to create the database contents generated over 24 000 000 database rows from the supplied data. Nearly 15% of the cohort was identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders. Invasive staphylococcal, pneumococcal and Group A streptococcal infections and influenza were common in this cohort. The most common comorbidities were smoking (43.95%), diabetes (24.73%), chronic renal disease (17.93%), cancer (16.45%) and chronic pulmonary disease (12.42%). Mortality over the 11-year period was 20%.Future plansThis complex relational database reutilising hospital information describes a cohort from a single tropical Australian hospital of inpatients with infectious diseases. In future analyses, we plan to explore analyses of risks, clinical outcomes, healthcare costs and antimicrobial side effects in site and organism specific infections.

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KWAN, DONNA, HELENE MARSH, and STEVEN DELEAN. "Factors influencing the sustainability of customary dugong hunting by a remote indigenous community." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002992.

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The sustainability of indigenous customary hunting and fishing in remote areas can be influenced by human factors operating at global as well as regional and local scales because of the hybrid nature and sectoral interactions of the local economic environment. The internationally significant population of dugongs (Dugong dugon or seacow) in Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea supports an important indigenous fishery. The economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors that influenced hunting activity in 1998 and 1999 by the members of the community of Mabuiag Island were investigated to inform the sustainable management of the fishery. The landed catch during the eight months March to October of 145 dugongs in 1998 and 170 dugongs in 1999 potentially provided the community with an average of 290 g of dugong meat per person per day. Fifty-seven per cent of adult males on the island participated in dugong hunting, but more than half the catch in each year was caught by only two hunters. The probability of at least one person from the community going dugong hunting in 1998 and 1999 was 0.59 ± 0.02 per day. This probability was influenced by local environmental factors, including the abundance of dugongs in the traditional hunting grounds (affected by wind speed, year, season and lunar day) and the size of the commercial crayfish catch (which is influenced by the global market price, as well as local conditions). Although dugong hunting remains a very important part of the islanders’ contemporary culture and customary economy, the capacity to hunt dugongs is facilitated by the ease with which some hunters move between the state, commercial and customary sectors of their local economy. The complexities of the economic, social and cultural environments need to be considered in planning for the sustainable harvesting of threatened species by remote indigenous communities.

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Reifels, Lennart, Bridget Bassilios, Kylie E. King, Justine R. Fletcher, Grant Blashki, and Jane E. Pirkis. "Innovations in primary mental healthcare." Australian Health Review 37, no. 3 (2013): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah12203.

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Objective. We review the evidence on innovations in Tier 2 of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program, which is designed to facilitate the provision of primary mental healthcare to hard-to-reach and at-risk population groups (including women with perinatal depression, people at risk of self-harm or suicide, people experiencing or at risk of homelessness, people affected by the 2009 Victorian bushfires, people in remote locations, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and children with mental disorders) and the trialling of new modalities of service delivery (e.g. telephone-based or web-based CBT). The primary focus is on the uptake, outcomes and issues associated with the provision of ATAPS Tier 2. Methods. Drawing on data from an ongoing national ATAPS evaluation, including a national minimum dataset, key informant interviews and surveys, the impact of ATAPS innovations is analysed and illustrated through program examples. Results. ATAPS Tier 2 facilitates access to, uptake of and positive clinical outcomes from primary mental healthcare for population groups with particular needs, although it requires periods of time to implement locally. Conclusions. Relatively simple innovations in mental health program design can have important practical ramifications for service provision, extending program reach and improving mental health outcomes for target populations. What is known about the topic? It is recognised that innovative approaches are required to tailor mental health programs for hard-to-reach and at-risk population groups. Divisions of General Practice have implemented innovations in the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program for several years. What does this paper add? Drawing on data from an ongoing national ATAPS evaluation, this paper presents a systematic analysis of the uptake, outcomes and issues associated with provision of the innovative ATAPS program. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings highlight the benefits of introducing innovations in primary mental healthcare in terms of increased access to care and positive consumer outcomes. They also identify challenges to and facilitators of the implementation process, which can inform innovation efforts in other primary care contexts.

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Van Gaans, Deborah, Sarah Ahmed, Katina D'Onise, Sean Matthew Taylor, and R. McDermott. "Managing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Data for Public Health Research." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v8i3.7055.

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Good quality data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are needed to assess the effectiveness of programs and interventions, and to evaluate policies that are designed to improve the status of, and service delivery to, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Due to the lack of longitudinal data it is difficult to gain knowledge on the specific causes or consequences of changes in indigenous outcomes. Variables such as name, date of birth and address variables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders may be subject to more variation and be less consistently reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians than among other Australians. Improving the collection and management of key identifying variables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are key to providing more quality information on this population group.

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Jones, Benjamin, David Heslop, and Reema Harrison. "Seldom heard voices: a meta-narrative systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples healthcare experiences." International Journal for Equity in Health 19, no. 1 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01334-w.

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Abstract Background It is well established that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations face considerable health inequities, exacerbated by poorer healthcare quality. Patient experience is recognised as a major contributing factor to healthcare quality and outcomes, therefore, enriched knowledge of the patient experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations is critical to redress health inequities. This review synthesises evidence of the healthcare experiences amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients through a metanarrative synthesis of qualitative literature. Methods A systematic search strategy was developed and applied to six electronic databases between January 2000 and July 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened before applying the inclusion criteria to full text articles. A meta-narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Fifty-four publications were identified from four research traditions; each with a unique conceptualisation of patient experience. Three themes emerged that demonstrate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patient experiences are informed by 1) beliefs about wellbeing and healthcare provision, 2) their level of trust in the healthcare system, and 3) individual and community health system interactions. The findings highlight a range of aspects of patient experience that were important to participating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the included studies but not captured currently in health system surveys. Conclusion This review highlights the influence of beliefs about health and wellbeing on the patient experience amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in the Australian health system. Patient experiences were informed by past experience and their trust in the health system. The different factors influencing patient experience and the gravity of their influence must be considered in current approaches to capturing patient experience data collection methods. Trial registration PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019134765).

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Thompson, Fintan, Linton R. Harriss, Sarah Russell, Sean Taylor, Lucette A. Cysique, Edward Strivens, Paul Maruff, and Robyn McDermott. "Using health check data to investigate cognitive function in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living with diabetes in the Torres Strait, Australia." Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, September 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edm2.297.

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Bnads, Helen, Elizabeth Orr, and C. John Clements. "Improving the Service to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders through Innovative Practices Between Aboriginal Hospital Liaison Officers and Social Workers in Hospitals in Victoria, Australia†." British Journal of Social Work, May 31, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa032.

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Abstract Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have suffered violence and extreme prejudice in every walk of life as a result of the European colonisation of Australia. We acknowledge the ongoing colonial legacy to this suffering and discuss how cultural safety is a solution to overcoming some elements of the disadvantages that still beset Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in terms of accessing health care. Accessible and culturally safe health services are critical in reducing health inequalities for First Nations’ people because of the burden of ill-health they experience. ‘Cultural safety’ in this context refers to approaches that strengthen and respectfully engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures in mainstream services. Alongside holistic Indigenous health and primary prevention approaches, a broad range of medical, socio-cultural and allied health support is needed to alleviate these inequalities. In this article, we describe how the working relationship between Aboriginal Hospital Liaison Officers and Social Workers in public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, contributes to cultural safety, and thereby improves the quality of care and a reduction in discharges against medical advice by Aboriginal patients. We conclude that elements of this model may be applicable to improving care for First Nation peoples in other countries.

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Ribeiro Santiago, Pedro Henrique, Dandara Haag, Davi Manzini Macedo, Gail Garvey, Megan Smith, Karen Canfell, Joanne Hedges, and Lisa Jamieson. "Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L for aboriginal Australians: a multi-method study." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 19, no. 1 (March 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01718-8.

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Abstract Introduction In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments have been adopted in national population surveys to inform policy decisions that affect the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. However, Western-developed HRQoL instruments should not be assumed to capture Indigenous conceptualization of health and well-being. In our study, following recommendations for cultural adaptation, an Indigenous Reference Group indicated the EQ-5D-5L as a potentially valid instrument to measure aspects of HRQoL and endorsed further psychometric evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the construct validity and reliability of the EQ-5D-5L in an Aboriginal Australian population. Methods The EQ-5D-5L was applied in a sample of 1012 Aboriginal adults. Dimensionality was evaluated using Exploratory Graph Analysis. The Partial Credit Model was employed to evaluate item performance and adequacy of response categories. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to investigate discriminant validity regarding chronic pain, general health and experiences of discrimination. Results The EQ-5D-5L comprised two dimensions, Physiological and Psychological, and reliability was adequate. Performance at an item level was excellent and the EQ-5D-5L individual items displayed good discriminant validity. Conclusions The EQ-5D-5L is a suitable instrument to measure five specific aspects (Mobility, Self-Care, Usual activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HRQoL. A future research agenda comprises the investigation of other domains of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HRQoL and potential expansions to the instrument.

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Lam, Danny, Madelaine Moore, and Nishantha Wijesinghe. "Diabetic retinopathy screening of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Top End health service." Clinical and Experimental Optometry, December 12, 2022, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2022.2153581.

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Skinner, Timothy, Julie Blick, Juli Coffin, Pat Dudgeon, Simon Forrest, and David Morrison. "Comparative validation of self-report measures of negative attitudes towards Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders." Rural and Remote Health, April 9, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22605/rrh1959.

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Russell, Sarah G., Rachel Quigley, Fintan Thompson, Betty Sagigi, Gavin Miller, Dina LoGiudice, Kate Smith, Edward Strivens, and Nancy A. Pachana. "Culturally Appropriate Assessment of Depression and Anxiety in Older Torres Strait Islanders: Limitations and Recommendations." Clinical Gerontologist, June 13, 2022, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2086090.

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Rerden, Warren, and Bernard Guerin. "The Employment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Local Government: Issues, Benefits, and Ways Forward." Australasian Journal of Organisational Psychology 8 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/orp.2015.1.

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In Australia today, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience significant ongoing disadvantage around employment, education, health, housing, and social inclusion. Local government agencies and others often now have roles for Aboriginal people to work and deal with relevant issues. Ten people working, or formerly working, in Aboriginal-related roles in local government were interviewed about the issues and benefits of such roles. Themes to emerge included the importance of properly resourcing the positions, having wide-ranging Aboriginal employment policies, providing mentoring and support for Aboriginal workers, and continuing to build cultural awareness in councils. Many of those interviewed described cultural awareness training as valuable for councils, but also questioned the efficacy of the way they are commonly run. Implications for local government include the need to ensure that what is already known about the effective implementation of policies in organisations is being applied; for example, by making Aboriginal employment policies the responsibility of each work area.

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Deek, Hiba, Penelope Abbott, Louise Moore, Joyce Davison, Sonya Cameron, Michelle DiGiacomo, Sarah J. McGrath, Tessa Dharmendra, and Patricia M. Davidson. "Pneumococcus in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: the role of Aboriginal Health Workers and implications for nursing practice." Contemporary Nurse, January 31, 2014, 4079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.4079.

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Langham, Erika, Janya McCalman, Veronica Matthews, Roxanne Gwendalyn Bainbridge, Barbara Nattabi, Irina Kinchin, and Ross Bailie. "Social and Emotional Wellbeing Screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders within Primary Health Care: A Series of Missed Opportunities?" Frontiers in Public Health 5 (July 7, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00159.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Torres Strait Islanders Health and hygiene'

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