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Journal articles on the topic 'Torrential processe'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Marchi, Lorenzo, and Sylvie Brochot. "Les cônes de déjection torrentiels dans les Alpes françaises. Morphométrie et processus de transport solide torrentiel." Revue de géographie alpine 88, no. 3 (2000): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.2000.2999.

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2

Ballandras, Stéphane. "Le « Remblaiement Historique » dans les bassins versants torrentiels des Alpes françaises/The « historical filling-up » in torrential catchments of French Alps." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 4, no. 1 (1998): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.1998.942.

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3

Burtin, Arnaud, Niels Hovius, and Jens M. Turowski. "Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-285-2016.

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Abstract. In seismology, the signal is usually analysed for earthquake data, but earthquakes represent less than 1 % of continuous recording. The remaining data are considered as seismic noise and were for a long time ignored. Over the past decades, the analysis of seismic noise has constantly increased in popularity, and this has led to the development of new approaches and applications in geophysics. The study of continuous seismic records is now open to other disciplines, like geomorphology. The motion of mass at the Earth's surface generates seismic waves that are recorded by nearby seismometers and can be used to monitor mass transfer throughout the landscape. Surface processes vary in nature, mechanism, magnitude, space and time, and this variability can be observed in the seismic signals. This contribution gives an overview of the development and current opportunities for the seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes. We first describe the common principles of seismic signal monitoring and introduce time–frequency analysis for the purpose of identification and differentiation of surface processes. Second, we present techniques to detect, locate and quantify geomorphic events. Third, we review the diverse layout of seismic arrays and highlight their advantages and limitations for specific processes, like slope or channel activity. Finally, we illustrate all these characteristics with the analysis of seismic data acquired in a small debris-flow catchment where geomorphic events show interactions and feedbacks. Further developments must aim to fully understand the richness of the continuous seismic signals, to better quantify the geomorphic activity and to improve the performance of warning systems. Seismic monitoring may ultimately allow the continuous survey of erosion and transfer of sediments in the landscape on the scales of external forcing.

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4

Hübl, Johannes. "Conceptual Framework for Sediment Management in Torrents." Water 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121718.

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Torrential catchments are complex systems showing a huge diversity of sediment and flow regime reactions. Therefore, it seems reasonable to decrease the complexity by introducing a conceptual framework to obtain a general idea of the torrential system’s behavior. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a conceptual framework and a stepwise procedure to develop a reproducible sediment management concept. This involves starting with a definition of torrential process types. These processes are then routed through the drainage system, which is divided into homogeneous reaches. Each reach transfers a flow process from the upstream node to the adjacent downstream reach, based on driving geomorphic factors of sediment mobilization and deposition. Additionally, a sediment budget, derived from cumulative erosion and deposition volumes, is calculated. The estimated flow process together with the sediment budget enables the selection of a sediment management strategy. The implementation of the strategy is based upon the selection of functions, which define the desired modification with regard to the torrential system. Ultimately, the sum of each function’s performance must lead to the fulfilment of the overall protection objective.

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5

Lovric, Novica, Radislav Tosic, Slavoljub Dragicevic, and Ivan Novkovic. "Assessment of torrential flood susceptibility: Case study - Ukrina River Basin (B&H)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 99, no. 2 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1902001l.

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Torrential floods are the most frequent natural catastrophic events in the Republic of Srpska (B&H). The main objective of this study is susceptibility assessment to torrential floods in Ukrina River Basin using Index Based Method (IBM) and Flash Flood Potential Method (FFPI), which operates entirely in a GIS environment. The definition and identification of influencing factors for torrential floods was the first step in the process of developing the Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model (TFSM). According to the results of these models, 54.00% and 40.86% of the Ukrina Basin area is in the categories of strong and very strong susceptibility to torrential floods. The second task was to identify the torrential basins and create the Register and the Cadastre of Torrential Basins in the Ukrina River Basin. After detailed field survey and analyses, 154 torrential basins have been identified, occupying 551.37 km2 of the Ukrina Basin. According to the validation indicators of the Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model, 138 torrential basins are in the category of strong and very strong susceptibility according to Index Based Method, while 112 torrential basins are in the same category of susceptibility according to Flash Flood Potential Index Method, which are very good results of the validation. This paper presents the significant step towards better understanding of the phenomenon of torrential floods in the Republic of Srpska (B&H). The data presented in this paper are also significant to practical issues such as integral water management projects, spatial planning, sustainable land planning and protection of soil, forest ecosystems and environmental protection, sediment management, agriculture and other human activities.

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6

Coviello, V., M. Arattano, and L. Turconi. "Detecting torrential processes from a distance with a seismic monitoring network." Natural Hazards 78, no. 3 (May 28, 2015): 2055–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1819-2.

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7

Zhou, Yushu, Liping Liu, and Guo Deng. "Comparisons of the Generalized Potential Temperature in Moist Atmosphere with the Equivalent Potential Temperature in Saturated Moist Atmosphere." Advances in Meteorology 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/105265.

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The real tropospheric atmosphere is neither absolutely dry nor completely saturated. It is in general moist but not saturated. Here the generalized potential temperature (GPT) was introduced to describe this humid feature of real moist atmosphere. GPT's conservation property in moist adiabatic process was discussed and proved. Comparisons of GPT in moist atmosphere with the equivalent potential temperature (EPT) in saturated moist atmosphere were made by analyzing three torrential rain cases occurring over Jianghuai Valleys in 2003, the north China in 2004, and with the typhoon Fung-Wong in 2008, respectively. Results showed that the relative humidity is not up to 100% even in torrential rain systems, the saturated condition for EPT is not always held, and thus GPT can describe the moisture concentration and moisture gradient better than EPT. The GPT's definition includes the process that the air changes from dry to moist, then up to saturated. Therefore, potential temperature (PT) and EPT can be considered as its two special status. Similar as PT and EPT, GPT can be used to study atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes more generally because of its conservation property in moist adiabatic process.

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8

Huang, Yongjie, and Xiaopeng Cui. "Dominant cloud microphysical processes of a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32, no. 3 (January 4, 2015): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-4066-7.

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9

Garitte, Gilles, and Philippe Lahousse. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'aléa torrentiel dans le bassin versant du Riou Chanal (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) / Contribution to the torrential hazard assessment in the Riou Chanal catchment area (Alpes-de Haute-Provence, France)." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 8, no. 1 (2002): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.2002.1128.

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10

Drobnjak, Aleksandar, Nikola Zlatanović, Milutin Stefanović, Mileta Milojević, and Milica Đapić. "Flood early warning system on the Đetinja river Basin in Serbia." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.033.

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The Đetinja river basin, in Užice, western Serbia, is ungauged. Many torrential floods have occurred there over the past decades. In the city of Užice, there are no rainfall intensity gauges, and it is impossible to provide the data needed to monitor torrential floods or make a timely response, which is a precondition for successful defense from them. An early warning system for torrential floods was designed, with three key elements: measuring devices in the basin and river, a server application and a web-client application. A hydrologic study was made to assess multiple scenarios, focusing on the analysis of real data to determine alarm criteria for oncoming floods. Alarm criteria were proposed, based on analysis of previous floods and measurements. Using the direct relationship between runoff, rainfall depth and intensity, the alarm criteria are based on precipitation and river stage. There are three levels: the first level ‘warning’, the second ‘regular flood defense’, and the third ‘emergency flood defense’. The earliest possible warning is of great importance, due to the nature and speed of onset of the process. The system plays a key role in active flood control and prevention, by providing the lead time to secure and strengthen the flood defense system, thereby minimizing the adverse impacts of torrential floods.

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11

Mao, Jiahua, Fan Ping, Lei Yin, and Xinfa Qiu. "A Study of Cloud Microphysical Processes Associated With Torrential Rainfall Event Over Beijing." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 16 (August 18, 2018): 8768–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028490.

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12

Di Bella, Letizia, Martina Pierdomenico, Cristiano Bove, Daniele Casalbore, and Domenico Ridente. "Benthic Foraminiferal Response to Sedimentary Processes in a Prodeltaic Environment: The Gulf of Patti Case Study (Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea)." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050220.

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Analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages were carried out on sediment samples collected in the Gulf of Patti (NE Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea), where high sedimentation rates in front of the Mazzarrà River led to the growth of a prodelta. The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes is testified by the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope.The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes suggests the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope. The study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sediment grain size along different sectors of this prodelta to define any relationship between the foraminiferal assemblages, the environmental gradients and the sedimentary processes. In particular, we focused on the role of the highly energetic impulsive torrential inputs that dominate the depositional environment and likely affect food supply and its control on the foraminiferal density and biodiversity. The dominance of opportunistic agglutinated taxa associated with hyaline eutrophic species is a distinctive character likely related to organic matter enrichment and physical disturbance associated with inputs from torrential rivers.

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13

Kummert, Mario, and Reynald Delaloye. "Regional-scale inventory of periglacial moving landforms connected to the torrential network system." Geographica Helvetica 73, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-73-357-2018.

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Abstract. When connected to torrential channels, periglacial moving landforms (including rock glaciers, push moraines and high-altitude landsliding masses) may constitute important active sediment sources for gravitational and torrential transfer processes such as debris flows. However, still very little is known about the location and the number of such types of sedimentary connection in given regions, as well as about the typical sediment transfer rates that can be expected. Therefore, this contribution aims at (i) describing a new methodology developed to identify and characterize moving landforms connected to the torrential network system at a regional scale and (ii) presenting the results yielded from the application of this method in a 2000 km2 region in the southwestern Swiss Alps. The developed approach is based on the analysis of simple data such as a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), time series of aerial images and a slope movement inventory. The approach allowed both the fast identification of moving landforms connected to torrential channels and the estimation of annual sediment transfer rates for these inventoried landforms. In the study region, results showed that such types of sedimentary connection appeared to be rather rare. Results also showed that most connected moving landforms were characterized by relatively low sediment transfer rates (<500 m3 yr−1) but several sites were identified as transferring large amounts of sediment into the torrents (>1000 m3 yr−1). As sediment transfer rates depend on the kinematical behavior of the landforms, values calculated may change in regard to the evolution of the surface velocities, which are currently generally increasing in the European Alps. When connected to torrents, periglacial moving landforms may thus represent substantial active sources of sediments for the development of debris flows and should be considered in the management of torrential catchments.

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14

Kostadinov, Stanimir, Slavoljub Dragićević, Tomislav Stefanović, Ivan Novković, and Ana M. Petrović. "Torrential flood prevention in the Kolubara river basin." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 11 (November 2017): 2230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4575-9.

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15

MARINESCU, Emil, and Oana MITITELU-IONUȘ. "Correlations between the hydrological regime and the morphodynamic processes in the Gilort river basin." Annals of the University of Craiova Series Geography 23, no. 1 (October 20, 2022): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsg.23.1.01.

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This study highlights the relationship between the dynamics of the hydrological regime in a river basin and the morphodynamic potential that appears in the context of increasing frequency and intensity of current climatic phenomena. Climate change characterized by the high frequency and intensity of torrential rains and floods, especially in the last decade, with a maximum amplitude in the summer months (June-July), alternating with periods of drought have brought to a series of geomorphological changes in the Gilort river basin. These processes are amplified by the high degree of fragmentation of the relief, by the presence of springs that feed the hydrographic network and by the important rainfall contribution to the formation of river flows. In the high mountainous area of the basin, there are a series of debris flows that have been triggered in the last ten years, during torrential rains and exceptional floods, by major changes in the land cover and by the transport of materials in the drainage section. At the exit of the mountain, the longitudinal profile of the river changes radically with the decrease of the slope, so that most of the coarse alluvium is deposited in the riverbed in the sectors of the contact depressions at the foot of the mountain. At the contact between the mountains and the Subcarpathian Depression, due to a pronounced decrease of the riverbed slope, the phenomenon of bed aggradation occurs. In this study, all these geomorphological processes are explained from the perspective of hydrological and climatic influence combined with changes in land cover.

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16

Cheng, Shanjun, Jun Xie, Ning Ma, Sujie Liang, Jun Guo, and Ning Fu. "Variations in Summer Precipitation According to Different Grades and Their Effects on Summer Drought/Flooding in Haihe River Basin." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081246.

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The variations in summer precipitation according to different grades and their effects on summer drought/flooding in the Haihe River basin were analyzed using the daily precipitation data from 161 meteorological stations from 1972 to 2021. The results showed that the number of rainy days (NRD) in summer in the Haihe River basin significantly declined in the past 50 years, mainly due to the reduction in the number of light-rain days. The precipitation amount (PA) exhibited prominent interdecadal characteristics, showing an upward tendency in the past 20 years accompanied by a remarkable increase in the proportion of torrential rain. The NRD in the northern part of the basin significantly decreased, while the PA in the southeast showed an increasing trend. Summer drought/flooding was strongly linked to the changes in the NRD and was predominantly affected by intense precipitation, with contribution rates of 5.5%, 16.8%, 31.2%, and 46.5% from light, moderate, heavy, and torrential rain, respectively. The effects of torrential rain increased in recent decades, particularly in the flooding scenarios. In addition, July was the critical period for summer drought/flooding, with the major influence of heavy and torrential rain. The most intense summer rainfall event in the Haihe River basin could contribute from 15% to 29% of total precipitation, resulting in changes in the severity and state of summer drought/flooding, which indicated that the precipitation process had a decisive impact on seasonal drought/flooding. Therefore, when predicting summer precipitation in the Haihe River basin, it is necessary to pay attention to the intense rainfall events during critical periods.

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17

Mară, M., and Oana Dârlău. "Types and Forms of Relief on Gherasim Torrential Valley, Târgu Ocna." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2014-0036.

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Abstract The present study brings new data regarding the landforms occurring on gypsum rocks through the action of denudation processes. The landforms signaled complement the domain literature with natural dams, vertical shafts and reappearing springs, developed at the contact between the Subcarpathians and Berzunţi Mts. The presence of the gypsum dam has slowed down the intensity of erosion processes upstream, in comparison to the neighboring valleys. The analyzed area has also an educational importance, offering sufficient objectives for the knowledge of the local characteristics or for field applications. The perimeter presents sufficient objectives also to be included on the list of protected areas of national interest.

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18

Shen, Xinyong, Jia Liu, and Xiaofan Li. "Torrential rainfall responses to ice microphysical processes during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 29, no. 3 (April 18, 2012): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-1122-4.

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19

Ristic, Ratko, Boris Radic, Zoran Nikic, Goran Trivan, Nevena Vasiljevic, Slavoljub Dragicevic, Nenad Zivkovic, and Zoran Radosavljevic. "Erosion control and protection from torrential floods in Serbia-spatial aspects." Spatium, no. 25 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1125001r.

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Torrential floods represent the most frequent phenomenon within the category of ?natural risks? in Serbia. The representative examples are the torrential floods on the experimental watersheds of the rivers Manastirica (June 1996) and Kamisna (May 2007). Hystorical maximal discharges (Qmaxh) were reconstructed by use of ?hydraulics flood traces? method. Computations of maximal discharges (Qmaxc), under hydrological conditions after the restoration of the watersheds, were performed by use of a synthetic unit hydrograph theory and Soil Conservation Service methodology. Area sediment yields and intensity of erosion processes were estimated on the basis of the ?Erosion Potential Method?. The actual state of erosion processes is represented by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.475 (Manastirica) and Z=0.470 (Kamisna). Restoration works have been planned with a view to decreasing yields of erosive material, increasing water infiltration capacity and reducing flood runoff. The planned state of erosion processes is represented by the coefficients of erosion Z=0.343 (Manastirica) and Z=0.385 (Kamisna). The effects of hydrological changes were estimated by the comparison of historical maximal discharges and computed maximal discharges (under the conditions after the planned restoration). The realisation of restoration works will help decrease annual yields of erosive material from W?=24357 m3 to W?=16198.0 m3 (Manastirica) and from W?=19974 m3 to W?=14434 m3 (Kamisna). The values of historical maximal discharges (QmaxhMan=154.9 m3?s-1; QmaxhKam=76.3 m3?s-1) were significantly decreased after the restoration (QmaxcMan=84.5 m3 ?s-1; QmaxcKam=43.7 m3?s-1), indicating the improvement of hydrological conditions, as a direct consequence of erosion and torrent control works. Integrated management involves biotechnical works on the watershed, technical works on the hydrographic network within a precisely defined administrative and spatial framework in order to achieve maximum security for people and their property and to meet other requirements such as: environmental protection, sustainable soil usage, drinking water supply, rural development, biodiversity sustaining, etc. The lowest and the most effective level is attained through PAERs (Plans for announcement of erosive regions) and PPTFs (Plans for protection from torrential floods), with HZs (Hazard zones) and TAs (Threatened areas) mapping on the basis of spatial analysis of important factors in torrential floods formation. Solutions defined through PAERs and PPTFs must be integrated into Spatial Plans at local and regional levels.

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20

Luino, F., L. Turconi, G. Paliaga, F. Faccini, and F. Marincioni. "Torrential floods in the upper Soana Valley (NW Italian Alps): Geomorphological processes and risk-reduction strategies." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 27 (March 2018): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.10.021.

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21

Wang, Pengyun, and Jing Yang. "Observation and Numerical Simulation of Cloud Physical Processes Associated with Torrential Rain of the Meiyu Front." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03342052.

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22

Xu, Huiyan, Rui Liu, Guoqing Zhai, and Xiaofan Li. "Torrential rainfall responses of Typhoon Fitow (2013) to radiative processes: A three-dimensional WRF modeling study." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121, no. 23 (December 15, 2016): 14,127–14,136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025479.

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23

Hashimoto, Akihiro, Akira Tai, and Toshimitsu Komatsu. "Clarification and Application of Inundation Processes in Basins with Insufficient Observation Devices Installed." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0495.

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Torrential rain possibly due to climate change has begun causing disasters annually, with water and sediment resulting from heavy rainfall in relatively narrow upper basins often arising in short periods. Because most of these basins are traversed by class B rivers administered by local governments, data on disasters are not accumulated comprehensively. Targeting the Sumiyo River basin on Amami Oshima Island, this study involved field surveys and numerical simulations to clarify inundation features in areas short on data based on hearings from investigation results. Calculation results have reproduced water levels, together with hearing results, including the initial inundation process in which rain water flowed directly from mountain slopes and later inundation processes mainly caused by overtopping and dike breach on the Sumiyo River. (Note that river bed fluctuations and dike breach progress are to be addressed in the future.)

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24

Kummert, Mario, and Reynald Delaloye. "Mapping and quantifying sediment transfer between the front of rapidly moving rock glaciers and torrential gullies." Geomorphology 309 (May 2018): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.021.

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25

Francos, Marcos, Xavier Úbeda, and Paulo Pereira. "Impact of torrential rainfall and salvage logging on post-wildfire soil properties in NE Iberian Peninsula." CATENA 177 (June 2019): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.014.

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26

Kalińska, Edyta. "The Role of Morphogenetic and Anthropogenic Processes in The Development of Gullies and Methods of Their Prevention (On The Example of The Vicinity of Kazimierz Dolny)." Miscellanea Geographica 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2006-0012.

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Abstract The vicinity of Kazimierz Dolny is characterised by the occurrence of large denivelations and thick loess covers. Due to that, as well as to the characteristic properties of loess and frequent occurrences of torrential rains, the region is marked by numerous dissections by valleys. Not without importance is agriculture, whose intensification brought about the creation of new relief forms. Gully erosion is a serious threat for the inhabitants of the region; on the other hand, it is impossible to eliminate it. For that reason it is necessary to use modern anti-erosion measures.

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27

Costandache, Cristinel, Lucian Dinca, Laurentiu Popovici, and Ciprian Tudor. "The role of forest vegetation in the mitigation of the ecological imbalances resulting from climate change in the Putna-Vrancea river basin." SIMI 2019, Abstract Book, SIMI 2019 (September 20, 2019): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2019.fp13.

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"Climatic changes displayed through extremes (thermic or hydric) correlated with uncontrolled anthropic interventions exercised over time on land usages are the main factors that emphasize ecological and hydric disequilibrium from the South, East part of Romania. Specific of our country, the torrential precipitation regime generates rapid floods in mountain and hill areas. Torrential and land degrading processes occur on slopes and on the main hydrographic network as a result of torrential runoffs. Their consequences extend on a larger area than the one on which they occur. This happens especially as a consequence of perturbing the hydrological regime of water courses, generating floods in downstream areas or the cogging of accumulation lakes in periods with rain redundancies. Forest protection cultures (forest vegetation) installed on degraded or overexploited agricultural lands from the hill and mountain areas represent the most efficient solution for attenuating the negative effects of climatic changes. This happens by steadily re-establishing the hydrological equilibrium, together with creating an ecological equilibrium that has positive effects on the soil and waters. This paper emphasized the results of investigations realized in 2017 concerning the characteristics of forest protection cultures created on strongly and excessively degraded lands, followed by their hydrological and anti-erosion effects in the context of extreme meteorological phenomenon. As such, the runoff coefficient had values lower than 6.5% (from the total volume of precipitations in 24 hours), while the specific erosion was under 0.24 t/ha/an. The maximum charge of alluvium (erosion) produced by rain is of over 40 mm; their frequency and intensity has increased lately."

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28

Krichak, S. O., P. Alpert, and M. Dayan. "A southeastern Mediterranean PV streamer and its role in December 2001 case with torrential rains in Israel." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2007): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-21-2007.

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Abstract. A precipitation event of unprecedented intensity took place over northern part of Israel during 4 December 2001–5 December 2001. The case was associated with formation of a Cyprus Low cyclone over the Asia Minor. In the current study the synoptic developments over the eastern part of the Mediterranean region are simulated with the MM5 nonhydrostatic model and analyzed based on dynamic tropopause patterns calculated from the simulation results. According to the results, a powerful potential vorticity (PV) streamer system played a major role in the process over the southeastern Mediterranean region. The PV streamer created conditions for seclusion of moist air masses from the equatorial East Africa and Atlantics during the cyclone development. Condensation of the moisture, associated with the latent heat release processes have contributed to the intense thunderstorm activity and heavy precipitation of the event.

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29

Xu, Huiyan, and Xiaofan Li. "Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013): A three‐dimensional WRF modeling study." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 6004–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jd026395.

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30

Ran-hang, Zhao, Zhou Lu, Li Hua-xing, Li Hong-tao, Qi Zhen, Qiu Ting, and Gan Tian. "Rainfall interpolation based on flood simulation in northren China." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 03043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803043.

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Due to the short duration, high intensity and sudden intensity of torrential rain, mountain torrents are easily formed in the northern hilly area.The distributed hydrological model is used as the main means of rain-flood forecasting. Rainfall as an important input,its spatial interpolation accuracy and time scale directly affect the forecast results.Therefore, in this paper, the spatial interpolation calculation and analysis of rainstorm process with hourly scale is carried out in the northern hilly area. Taking Licheng district in Jinan as the research area, the spatial interpolation methods, such as IDW,OK and OCK, are used to calculate the spatial interpolation of 16 time-by-time rainstorm processes for 11 typical rainfall with different duration, and the interpolation results are cross-validated and error analysis is carried out.The results show that the accuracy of the collaborative Kriging interpolation considering the elevation is higher in the short duration rainstorm process of the hilly area.

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31

Badea, L., and D. Balteanu. "La movilidad tectonica y los procesos geomorfologicos actuales de los subcarpatos de rumania." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 8 (May 21, 2013): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.893.

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The Subcarpathians of Rumania, integrated by folded neogen molasses associated locally to the paleogenic flysch, are affected by possitive tectonic movements of variable intensity which have an obvious injluence in the present geomorphologic processes in a mild-continental climate. The shaping of the slopes is essentially caused by mass movements (landslides, mud flows) together with intense processes of overland flows. Extreme factors (torrential rainfall, earthquakes) play the most important role in the cause and intensity of mass movements. According to the research carried out we can appreciate that the Subcarpathians are among the regions more intensely affected by present geomorphologic processes.

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Flez, Christophe, and Philippe Lahousse. "La gestion du risque torrentiel à Serre-Chevalier : acteurs et enjeux." Espace géographique 31, no. 2 (2002): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eg.312.0163.

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Turconi, Laura, Domenico Tropeano, Gabriele Savio, Barbara Bono, Sunil Kumar De, Marco Frasca, and Fabio Luino. "Torrential Hazard Prevention in Alpine Small Basin through Historical, Empirical and Geomorphological Cross Analysis in NW Italy." Land 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050699.

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Debris flow is one of the most dangerous natural processes in mountain regions and it occur in a wide variety of environments throughout the world. In the Italian Alps, some tens of thousands of damaging debris flow and, in general, torrential floods associated to intense sediment transport in secondary catchments have been documented in the last 300 years. These have caused socio-economic damage, damage to anthropogenic structures or infrastructures and in many cases casualties. Often, in the same basins, the occurrence of debris-flow processes recurs many years later. Prediction can often be spatial and based on the magnitude of the largest known process, while the temporal forecast is the most uncertain. It is also possible to increase the resilience of the population and of the territory. The present study aims at investigating different levels of debris-flow hazard in urban areas on Alpine alluvial fans and proposes a strategy for debris-flow prevention based on historical research and on a simplified analytical approach, methods that also involve relatively low costs. For such analysis, Ischiator stream catchment (ca. 20 km2) and its alluvial fan (NW Italy) were selected. This area was partly affected by historical torrential flood associated to intense sediment transport and debris-flow processes. Present-day instability conditions along the slope and the stream network were detected and synthesized through surveys and aerial photo interpretation integrated by satellite images (period 1954–2021). An estimation of the potential amount of moving detritus, referred to as debris flow, was carried out regarding the June 1957 debris-flow event, based on the predictive models. The individual hazard index value was estimated based on different methods. The results indicate that 56% of the area is exposed to flood associated to intense sediment transport hazard, which fluctuates from high to very high levels; such results are supported by debris-flow historical records. Since today almost half of the settlement (Bagni di Vinadio) is located on potentially risk-exposed areas, the urban evolution policy adopted after the 1957 event failed to manage the risk connection to debris-flow activity.

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Ahlborn, Marieke, Moshe Armon, Yoav Ben Dor, Ina Neugebauer, Markus J. Schwab, Rik Tjallingii, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Efrat Morin, Yehouda Enzel, and Achim Brauer. "Increased frequency of torrential rainstorms during a regional late Holocene eastern Mediterranean drought." Quaternary Research 89, no. 2 (March 2018): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.9.

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AbstractIdentifying climates favoring extreme weather phenomena is a primary aim of paleoclimate and paleohydrological research. Here, we present a well-dated, late Holocene Dead Sea sediment record of debris flows covering 3.3 to 1.9 cal ka BP. Twenty-three graded layers deposited in shallow waters near the western Dead Sea shore were identified by microfacies analysis. These layers represent distal subaquatic deposits of debris flows triggered by torrential rainstorms over the adjacent western Dead Sea escarpment. Modern debris flows on this escarpment are induced by rare rainstorms with intensities exceeding >30 mm h−1for at least one hour and originate primarily from the Active Red Sea Trough synoptic pattern. The observed late Holocene clustering of such debris flows during a regional drought indicates an increased influence of Active Red Sea Troughs resulting from a shift in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns. This shift likely decreased the passages of eastern Mediterranean cyclones, leading to drier conditions, but favored rainstorms triggered by the Active Red Sea Trough. This is in accord with present-day meteorological data showing an increased frequency of torrential rainstorms in regions of drier climate. Hence, this study provides conclusive evidence for a shift in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns during a late Holocene drought.

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35

Viel, Vincent, Monique Fort, Candide Lissak, Kevin Graff, Benoît Carlier, Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta, Etienne Cossart, and Malika Madelin. "Debris-flow functioning and their contribution to sedimentary budgets: the Peynin subcatchment of the Guil River (Upper Queyras, Southern French Alps)." Landform Analysis 36 (December 30, 2018): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/landfana.036.007.

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The Peynin catchment (15 km2) is prone to catastrophic floods (June 1957 – Recurrence Interval R.I.>100 yr), June 2000 (R.I.-30 yr) with serious damages to infrastructure and buildings located at the outlet. In this paper, PIT tags tracers and Vensim modelling software are used to better assess the sediment delivery unsteadiness, and more specifically to evaluate the respective role of geomorphological processes on sediment supply during flood event. For the last 20 years, our results highlight a significant variability in sediment delivery from a tributary to another one. According to our studies, we suppose that two torrential tributaries of the Peynin river, the Peyronnelle and Three Arbres subcatchments (<2 km2, representing <15% of the Peynin catchment area) are responsible of 80% of the sediments observed at the outlet of the catchment. Several processes take a part of these sediment transfers, but the efficiency of the sediment cascade in this catchment can be explained by a strong connectivity between sediment erosion area and the main channel of the catchment. Debris and torrential flows triggered during high intensity meteorological event are actually effectively coupled in space and time and guarantee an important sediment supply able to reload the downstream part of the sediment cascade. Recent climate trends, marked by extremes, suggest consequently more damaging events to come, in a context of increasing vulnerable assets

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36

de Luís, Martín, José Raventós, and Josí C. González-Hidalgo. "Fire and torrential rainfall: effects on seedling establishment in Mediterranean gorse shrublands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 4 (2005): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05037.

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Soil degradation and desertification are key problems facing Mediterranean ecosystems and these have worsened recently with the increasing frequency of fires. Moreover, rainfall in western Mediterranean areas is characterized by high intensity, and extreme rainfall events after fire strongly affect the equilibrium between soil erosion and vegetation recovery. These facts led us to carry out experimental fires in a fire-prone vegetation community (dominated by Mediterranean gorse, Ulex parviflorus Pourr.) to study the effect of a torrential rainfall event (through rainfall simulation) on the short-term vegetation regeneration process (seedling emergence and survival). The results indicate that, in Mediterranean gorse shrublands after fire, an extreme precipitation event does not affect seedling emergence (either through seed loss or from seed germination). In contrast, it has a significant effect on the reduction of seedling survival both from direct impact (seedlings buried by sediment or seedlings totally or partially unearthed) and indirectly as a result of soil and litter losses. As a consequence, the combination of fire and torrential rainfall has an important and persistent effect on vegetation recovery, and may cause further degradation, which eventually becomes irreversible.

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Djekovic, Vojislav, and Grozdana Gajic. "Causes and effects of morphological changes of the regulated channel of the river Toplica." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 91 (2005): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0591109d.

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The regulation of small torrential watercourses outside the urbanized areas is often based on the so-called field type of regulation. In the selection of this concept, after the regulation works, the new channel is left to the natural process of the morphological formation of the water cross-section taking care not to disturb the general stability of the regulated channel. We present the process of morphological development of the regulated channel of the river Toplica, tributary of the river Kolubara, in the period 1982-2004 i.e. from immediately after the regulation works to the present day.

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38

Sugiyama, Ayumi, Suguru Masuda, Kazuyo Nagaosa, Maki Tsujimura, and Kenji Kato. "Tracking the direct impact of rainfall on groundwater at Mt. Fuji by multiple analyses including microbial DNA." Biogeosciences 15, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-721-2018.

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Abstract. A total of 2 to 3 million tons of spring water flushes out from the foot of Mt. Fuji, the largest volcanic mountain in Japan. Based on the concept of piston flow transport, residence time of stored groundwater at Mt. Fuji was estimated at ∼ 15–30 years by the 36Cl ∕ Cl ratio (Tosaki et al., 2011). This range, however, represents the average residence time of groundwater that was mixed before it flushed out. To elucidate the route of groundwater in a given system, we determined signatures of direct impacts of rainfall on groundwater, using microbial, stable isotopic (δ18O), and chemical analyses (concentration of silica). Chemical analysis of the groundwater gave an average value of the water, which was already mixed with waters from various sources and routes in the subsurface environment. The microbial analysis suggested locations of water origin and paths. In situ observation during four rainfall events revealed that the stable oxygen isotopic signature obtained from spring water (at 726 m a.s.l., site SP-0 m) and shallow groundwater (at 150 m a.s.l., site GW-42 m), where the average recharge height from rainfall was 1700–1800 m, became greater than values observed prior to a torrential rain producing more than 300 mm of precipitation. The concentration of silica decreased after this event. In addition, the abundance of Bacteria in spring water increased, suggesting the influence of heavy rain. Such changes did not appear when rainfall was less than 100 mm per event. The above findings indicate a rapid flow of rain through the shallow part of the aquifer, which appeared within a few weeks of torrential rain extracting abundant microbes from soil in the studied geologic setting. Interestingly, we found that after the torrential rain, the abundance of Archaea increased in the deep groundwater at site GW-550 m, ∼ 12 km downstream of SP-0 m. However, chemical parameters did not show any change after the event. This suggests that strengthened piston flow caused by the heavy rain transported archaeal particles from the geologic layer along the groundwater route. This finding was supported by changes in constituents of Archaea, dominated by Halobacteriales and Methanobacteriales, which were not seen from other observations. Those two groups of Archaea are believed to be relatively tightly embedded in the geologic layer and were extracted from the environment to the examined groundwater through enforced piston flow. Microbial DNA can thus give information about the groundwater route, which may not be shown by analysis of chemical materials dissolved in the groundwater.

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39

Conesa-García, C., F. López-Bermúdez, and R. García-Lorenzo. "Bed stability variations after check dam construction in torrential channels (South-East Spain)." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32, no. 14 (2007): 2165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1521.

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40

Costache, Romulus, Haoyuan Hong, and Yi Wang. "Identification of torrential valleys using GIS and a novel hybrid integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning and bivariate statistics." CATENA 183 (December 2019): 104179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104179.

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41

Petrović, Ana M., Stanimir Kostadinov, and Sanja Mustafić. "THE IMPACT OF DEPOPULATION ON REDUCTION OF THE PEAKS OF TORRENTIAL FLOODS IN SELECTED WATERSHEDS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA." Academic Perspective Procedia 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.05.02.5841.

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42

Petrović, Ana M., Stanimir Kostadinov, and Sanja Manojlović. "The Impact of Depopulation on Reduction of the Peaks of Torrential Floods in Selected Watersheds of the Southeastern Serbia." Academic Perspective Procedia 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.05.02.9300.

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43

Babič, Matej, Dušan Petrovič, Jošt Sodnik, Božo Soldo, Marko Komac, Olena Chernieva, Miha Kovačič, Matjaž Mikoš, and Michele Calì. "Modeling and Classification of Alluvial Fans with DEMs and Machine Learning Methods: A Case Study of Slovenian Torrential Fans." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091711.

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Alluvial (torrential) fans, especially those created from debris-flow activity, often endanger built environments and human life. It is well known that these kinds of territories where human activities are favored are characterized by increasing instability and related hydrological risk; therefore, treating the problem of its assessment and management is becoming strongly relevant. The aim of this study was to analyze and model the geomorphological aspects and the physical processes of alluvial fans in relation to the environmental characteristics of the territory for classification and prediction purposes. The main geomorphometric parameters capable of describing complex properties, such as relative fan position depending on the neighborhood, which can affect their formation or shape, or properties delineating specific parts of fans, were identified and evaluated through digital elevation model (DEM) data. Five machine learning (ML) methods, including a hybrid Euler graph ML method, were compared to analyze the geomorphometric parameters and physical characteristics of alluvial fans. The results obtained in 14 case studies of Slovenian torrential fans, validated with data of the empirical model proposed by Bertrand et al. (2013), confirm the validity of the developed method and the possibility to identify alluvial fans that can be considered as debris-flow prone.

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44

Zhou, Yushu, and Chunguang Cui. "A modeling study of surface rainfall processes associated with a torrential rainfall event over Hubei, China, during July 2007." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 28, no. 6 (October 18, 2011): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-0119-8.

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45

Gems, Bernhard, Bruno Mazzorana, Thomas Hofer, Michael Sturm, Roman Gabl, and Markus Aufleger. "3-D hydrodynamic modelling of flood impacts on a building and indoor flooding processes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 14, 2016): 1351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1351-2016.

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Abstract. Given the current challenges in flood risk management and vulnerability assessment of buildings exposed to flood hazards, this study presents three-dimensional numerical modelling of torrential floods and its interaction with buildings. By means of a case study application, the FLOW-3D software is applied to the lower reach of the Rio Vallarsa torrent in the village of Laives (Italy). A single-family house on the flood plain is therefore considered in detail. It is exposed to a 300-year flood hydrograph. Different building representation scenarios, including an entire impervious building envelope and the assumption of fully permeable doors, light shafts and windows, are analysed. The modelling results give insight into the flooding process of the building's interior, the impacting hydrodynamic forces on the exterior and interior walls, and further, they quantify the impact of the flooding of a building on the flow field on the surrounding flood plain. The presented study contributes to the development of a comprehensive physics-based vulnerability assessment framework. For pure water floods, this study presents the possibilities and limits of advanced numerical modelling techniques within flood risk management and, thereby, the planning of local structural protection measures.

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46

Gerdjikov, Ianko, Stelian Dimitrov, Zornitsa Dotseva, Martin Iliev, and Dian Vangelov. "Mapping and classification of heavy rainfall-induced hazards in the Petrich town area (SW Bulgaria)." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 83, no. 3 (December 2022): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.229.

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The torrential catchments located on the northern slopes of Belasitsa Mountain (SW Bulgaria), in the area of Petrich town were affected by an intense rainfall event in December 2021 that triggered a cascade of hazard processes like floods, landslides, debris flows/floods that caused major damage to the road network, properties, and buildings, showing the urgent need to take hazard and risk assessment and mitigation measures. For assessment purposes, we perform field and UAV-based analysis, and mapping of the affected areas, the geomorphological changes after the flooding event, and the different types of identified mass-wasting processes. We also investigated the effects of early December 2021 heavy rain on a regional scale.

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47

Koyama, Naoki, Mizuki Sakai, and Tadashi Yamada. "Study on a Water-Level-Forecast Method Based on a Time Series Analysis of Urban River Basins—A Case Study of Shibuya River Basin in Tokyo." Water 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010161.

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In urban basins, localized torrential rain increases the water level of rivers in an extremely short time, thereby leading to flooding within an hour. Therefore, to achieve early evacuation, the water level should be accurately forecasted. The outflow process in urban areas employs the sewer system to discharge the water back to rivers. However, the data for the sewer system are not freely available, and it requires much work and time to design a physical model based on such data. Thus, a vector autoregressive model to develop a water level forecast system that uses observed rainfall and water level is being used. Additionally, this model was used to ensure information conducive to evacuation approximately 20 min in advance and to assess its forecast accuracy, despite the very limited data—water levels at one point and average rainfall at another—without the need to build a physical model such as that which is used in sewer pipe calculations. Compared to the observed water level, the calculated water level increased faster; and thus, the forecast leaned toward safety in evacuation. Furthermore, the data from past five torrential rainfall events to achieve a stable forecast; this method can be applied to basins with limited observation data. Therefore, these results indicate that this method can be applied as a water level forecast method for basins with an extremely fast flood arrival time.

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48

Wang, Donghai, Xiaofan Li, Wei-Kuo Tao, Ying Liu, and Haiguang Zhou. "Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006): A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study." Atmospheric Research 91, no. 1 (January 2009): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.07.005.

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49

Wang, Donghai, Xiaofan Li, and Wei-Kuo Tao. "Torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006)." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 109, no. 3-4 (October 24, 2010): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-010-0097-5.

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50

Tarariko, O., A. Syrotenko, T. Ilienko, and T. Kuchma. "Sustainable management of natural resource potential of agriculture in Ukraine on the principles of the Rio Conventions." Agroecological journal, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2015.272148.

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The actuality of integration of Rio Convention provisions including Convention to Combat Desertification and land degradation into agrarian policy of Ukraine is analyzed. The current state of land resources using and factors of degradation processes of soil cover are characterized. It is shown their influence on agroecosystems productivity, risks of drought phenomena increasing and desertification processes. In the process of climate changes the torrential precipitation pattern and wind regime will increase, that under the conditions of sharp increasing of clean-cultivated crops areas, including corn, sunflower and soybean, will significantly reduce agrolandscapes resistance to drought, increase the risks of catastrophic manifestation of water-erosion processes and dust storms. All of this requires the development and implementation of more effective methods of land resources management, directed to the soil fertility reproduction and nature protection structure formation of agrolandscapes and land management systems. For the purpose of implementation measures concerning combat desertification, monitoring of degradation processes and informative-consultative support of landowners and land users it is proposed to create authoritative «State Service for land protection and soil fertility». It is shown that the current legal provision of land desertification and degradation in the present conditions is not a limiting factor, therefore requires improvement and further development, in particular concerning the protection and sustainable land use and soil fertility reproduction.

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