Relevant bibliographies by topics / Torrential processe

Academic literature on the topic 'Torrential processe'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Torrential processe"

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Marchi, Lorenzo, and Sylvie Brochot. "Les cônes de déjection torrentiels dans les Alpes françaises. Morphométrie et processus de transport solide torrentiel." Revue de géographie alpine 88, no. 3 (2000): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.2000.2999.

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Ballandras, Stéphane. "Le « Remblaiement Historique » dans les bassins versants torrentiels des Alpes françaises/The « historical filling-up » in torrential catchments of French Alps." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 4, no. 1 (1998): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.1998.942.

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Burtin, Arnaud, Niels Hovius, and Jens M. Turowski. "Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-285-2016.

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Abstract. In seismology, the signal is usually analysed for earthquake data, but earthquakes represent less than 1 % of continuous recording. The remaining data are considered as seismic noise and were for a long time ignored. Over the past decades, the analysis of seismic noise has constantly increased in popularity, and this has led to the development of new approaches and applications in geophysics. The study of continuous seismic records is now open to other disciplines, like geomorphology. The motion of mass at the Earth's surface generates seismic waves that are recorded by nearby seismometers and can be used to monitor mass transfer throughout the landscape. Surface processes vary in nature, mechanism, magnitude, space and time, and this variability can be observed in the seismic signals. This contribution gives an overview of the development and current opportunities for the seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes. We first describe the common principles of seismic signal monitoring and introduce time–frequency analysis for the purpose of identification and differentiation of surface processes. Second, we present techniques to detect, locate and quantify geomorphic events. Third, we review the diverse layout of seismic arrays and highlight their advantages and limitations for specific processes, like slope or channel activity. Finally, we illustrate all these characteristics with the analysis of seismic data acquired in a small debris-flow catchment where geomorphic events show interactions and feedbacks. Further developments must aim to fully understand the richness of the continuous seismic signals, to better quantify the geomorphic activity and to improve the performance of warning systems. Seismic monitoring may ultimately allow the continuous survey of erosion and transfer of sediments in the landscape on the scales of external forcing.
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Hübl, Johannes. "Conceptual Framework for Sediment Management in Torrents." Water 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121718.

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Torrential catchments are complex systems showing a huge diversity of sediment and flow regime reactions. Therefore, it seems reasonable to decrease the complexity by introducing a conceptual framework to obtain a general idea of the torrential system’s behavior. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a conceptual framework and a stepwise procedure to develop a reproducible sediment management concept. This involves starting with a definition of torrential process types. These processes are then routed through the drainage system, which is divided into homogeneous reaches. Each reach transfers a flow process from the upstream node to the adjacent downstream reach, based on driving geomorphic factors of sediment mobilization and deposition. Additionally, a sediment budget, derived from cumulative erosion and deposition volumes, is calculated. The estimated flow process together with the sediment budget enables the selection of a sediment management strategy. The implementation of the strategy is based upon the selection of functions, which define the desired modification with regard to the torrential system. Ultimately, the sum of each function’s performance must lead to the fulfilment of the overall protection objective.
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Lovric, Novica, Radislav Tosic, Slavoljub Dragicevic, and Ivan Novkovic. "Assessment of torrential flood susceptibility: Case study - Ukrina River Basin (B&H)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 99, no. 2 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1902001l.

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Torrential floods are the most frequent natural catastrophic events in the Republic of Srpska (B&H). The main objective of this study is susceptibility assessment to torrential floods in Ukrina River Basin using Index Based Method (IBM) and Flash Flood Potential Method (FFPI), which operates entirely in a GIS environment. The definition and identification of influencing factors for torrential floods was the first step in the process of developing the Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model (TFSM). According to the results of these models, 54.00% and 40.86% of the Ukrina Basin area is in the categories of strong and very strong susceptibility to torrential floods. The second task was to identify the torrential basins and create the Register and the Cadastre of Torrential Basins in the Ukrina River Basin. After detailed field survey and analyses, 154 torrential basins have been identified, occupying 551.37 km2 of the Ukrina Basin. According to the validation indicators of the Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model, 138 torrential basins are in the category of strong and very strong susceptibility according to Index Based Method, while 112 torrential basins are in the same category of susceptibility according to Flash Flood Potential Index Method, which are very good results of the validation. This paper presents the significant step towards better understanding of the phenomenon of torrential floods in the Republic of Srpska (B&H). The data presented in this paper are also significant to practical issues such as integral water management projects, spatial planning, sustainable land planning and protection of soil, forest ecosystems and environmental protection, sediment management, agriculture and other human activities.
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Coviello, V., M. Arattano, and L. Turconi. "Detecting torrential processes from a distance with a seismic monitoring network." Natural Hazards 78, no. 3 (May 28, 2015): 2055–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1819-2.

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Zhou, Yushu, Liping Liu, and Guo Deng. "Comparisons of the Generalized Potential Temperature in Moist Atmosphere with the Equivalent Potential Temperature in Saturated Moist Atmosphere." Advances in Meteorology 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/105265.

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The real tropospheric atmosphere is neither absolutely dry nor completely saturated. It is in general moist but not saturated. Here the generalized potential temperature (GPT) was introduced to describe this humid feature of real moist atmosphere. GPT's conservation property in moist adiabatic process was discussed and proved. Comparisons of GPT in moist atmosphere with the equivalent potential temperature (EPT) in saturated moist atmosphere were made by analyzing three torrential rain cases occurring over Jianghuai Valleys in 2003, the north China in 2004, and with the typhoon Fung-Wong in 2008, respectively. Results showed that the relative humidity is not up to 100% even in torrential rain systems, the saturated condition for EPT is not always held, and thus GPT can describe the moisture concentration and moisture gradient better than EPT. The GPT's definition includes the process that the air changes from dry to moist, then up to saturated. Therefore, potential temperature (PT) and EPT can be considered as its two special status. Similar as PT and EPT, GPT can be used to study atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes more generally because of its conservation property in moist adiabatic process.
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Huang, Yongjie, and Xiaopeng Cui. "Dominant cloud microphysical processes of a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32, no. 3 (January 4, 2015): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-4066-7.

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Garitte, Gilles, and Philippe Lahousse. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'aléa torrentiel dans le bassin versant du Riou Chanal (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) / Contribution to the torrential hazard assessment in the Riou Chanal catchment area (Alpes-de Haute-Provence, France)." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 8, no. 1 (2002): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.2002.1128.

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Drobnjak, Aleksandar, Nikola Zlatanović, Milutin Stefanović, Mileta Milojević, and Milica Đapić. "Flood early warning system on the Đetinja river Basin in Serbia." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.033.

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The Đetinja river basin, in Užice, western Serbia, is ungauged. Many torrential floods have occurred there over the past decades. In the city of Užice, there are no rainfall intensity gauges, and it is impossible to provide the data needed to monitor torrential floods or make a timely response, which is a precondition for successful defense from them. An early warning system for torrential floods was designed, with three key elements: measuring devices in the basin and river, a server application and a web-client application. A hydrologic study was made to assess multiple scenarios, focusing on the analysis of real data to determine alarm criteria for oncoming floods. Alarm criteria were proposed, based on analysis of previous floods and measurements. Using the direct relationship between runoff, rainfall depth and intensity, the alarm criteria are based on precipitation and river stage. There are three levels: the first level ‘warning’, the second ‘regular flood defense’, and the third ‘emergency flood defense’. The earliest possible warning is of great importance, due to the nature and speed of onset of the process. The system plays a key role in active flood control and prevention, by providing the lead time to secure and strengthen the flood defense system, thereby minimizing the adverse impacts of torrential floods.
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Books on the topic "Torrential processe"

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Schneuwly-Bollschweiler, Michelle, Markus Stoffel, and Florian Rudolf-Miklau, eds. Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4336-6.

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Schneuwly-Bollschweiler, Michelle. Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones: Methods and Their Application for Hazard and Risk Assessment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Dating Torrential Processes On Fans And Cones Methods And Their Application For Hazard And Risk Assessment. Springer, 2012.

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Rudolf-Miklau, Florian, Markus Stoffel, and Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler. Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones: Methods and Their Application for Hazard and Risk Assessment. Springer Netherlands, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Torrential processe"

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Kaitna, Roland, and Johannes Huebl. "Silent Witnesses for Torrential Processes." In Advances in Global Change Research, 111–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4336-6_7.

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Đikić, Slađan. "Torrential Floods and Soil Erosion." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 260–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8459-0.ch013.

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Floods on large rivers and torrential floods are the most common natural disasters in the Republic of Serbia. Floods on rivers are natural phenomena that go far beyond the framework of water management and hydro-technical measures. Given the distribution of hilly and mountainous areas in the Republic of Serbia and the developed hydrographic network, torrential floods occur very often, almost every year. Torrential floods and soil erosion are inseparable natural phenomena that shaped the relief long before the appearance of living beings on Earth. Erosion processes are difficult to notice and slow and are most often noticed only when large areas are exposed, and then the problem of erosion becomes a difficult-to-solve or unsolvable problem. For the classification of erosion processes in the Republic of Serbia, the EPM method (erosion potential method) is used, which classifies erosion into five categories that have their own quantitative characteristics.
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Dwarapureddi, Bhavya Kavitha, Swathi Dash, Aman Raj, Nihanth Soury Garika, Ankit Kumar, and Saritha Vara. "Prevention of Soil Erosion and Torrential Floods." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 92–111. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8459-0.ch005.

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Climatic conditions, precise relief features, variations of soil, flora cover, socio-economic conditions together lead to torrential flood waves as a result of current soil erosion processes. Erosion and torrential floods are aggravated due to over exploitation of agricultural and forest land along with urbanization. Effects of soil erosion include nutrient loss, land use changes, reduced productivity, siltation of water bodies, among other effects like affecting livelihood of marginal communities dependent on agriculture globally and public health. Nearly 11 million km2 of soil is impacted by erosion precisely by water. Other factors like intensified agriculture and climate change contribute to and aggravate the erosion rate. Contemporary torrential floods are characterized by their increased destruction and frequency unlike the pre-development periods when their occurrence was rare. The focus of this review is to compile and aid as a data base for understanding methods of preventing erosion of soil and torrential floods as put forth by various researchers.
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Khakzad, Nima. "Vulnerability Assessment of Process Vessels in the Event of Hurricanes." In Natural Hazards - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109430.

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Hurricanes are multi-hazard natural hazards that can cause severe damage to chemical and process plants via individual or combined impact of strong winds, torrential rainfall, floods, and hitting waves especially in coastal areas. To assess and manage the vulnerability of process plants, failure modes and respective failure probabilities both before and after implementing safety measures should be assessed. However, due to the uncertainties arising from interdependent failure modes and lack of accurate and sufficient historical data, most conventional quantitative risk assessment techniques deliver inaccurate results, which in turn lead to inaccurate risk assessment and thus ineffective or non-cost-effective risk management strategies. Bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic technique for reasoning under uncertainty with a variety of applications is system safety, reliability engineering, and risk assessment. In this chapter, applications of BN to vulnerability assessment and management of process vessels in the event of hurricanes are demonstrated and discussed.
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Hauet, A., G. Buannic, G. Antoine, M. Jodeau, M. Esteves, and F. Thollet. "In situ measurement of advection-dispersion processes in a torrential river, comparison with numerical modeling." In River Flow 2014, 221–28. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17133-34.

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Abd Elmoneim, Samhaa. "Clinical Curriculum Revolution to Integrity and “Attunity”." In Medical Education for the 21st Century [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99460.

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Reviewing the history of clinical educational curricula reveals enormous change and progress through successive antiquity up-to the current 21th century. Surely, there are stable fundamental criteria which are pillars in designing any curriculum; however there are torrential inevitable reforms which are important in filling the changeable gaps and fulfilling the ecological and temporal aspects. Over the last 20th century, numerous new paradigms for curricula reforms were constructed to adapt ebullient millennium needs, interactive pedagogical approaches and psychological/sociological learning theories. These reforms fostered clinical practice, integrating core competencies and reflection on designing, and achieving clinical curricula depending on outcome-based models such as clinical competences milestones. On the other hand, systematic approach of Kern′s framework adopts curriculum development through six consecutive interlinked and intersected steps which are refined to eight steps later. Moreover, taking contextual factors into account during curricula planning was evolved in other models such as PRISMS model. Despite all these pearly efforts, there are still caveats about inclusive gaps negligence between education process and overall health system. 3P-6Cs toolkit is deemed a recent novel paradigm that enrolls this role of health systems in clinical training during curricula design.
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Scheidl, Christian, Micha Heiser, Sebastian Kamper, Thomas Thaler, Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl, Klaus Klebinder, et al. "Influence of Canopy Disturbances on Runoff and Landslide Disposition after Heavy Rainfall Events." In Protective forests as Ecosystem-based solution for Disaster Risk Reduction (ECO-DRR) [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99511.

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As protective forests have a major control function on runoff and erosion, they directly affect the risk from hydrogeomorphic processes such as sediment transport processes or debris flows. In this context, future scenarios of climate-related canopy disturbances and their influence on the protective effect remain, however, an unsolved problem. With the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model iLand, an ensemble of forest landscape simulations was carried out and the effects of future changes in natural disturbance regimes were evaluated. To determine peak runoff, hydrological simulations have been conducted, using the conceptual hydrological model ZEMOKOST as well as the deterministic model GEOtop. Effects of forest disturbances on hillslope stability were investigated, based on a modified Coulomb landslide model. Our results suggest no influence of the disturbance regime on the runoff. The climate-related increase in the frequency of disturbances is not reflected in increased runoff during the period under consideration. Contrary, slope stability analyses indicate that the availability of shallow landslides in steep forested torrent catchments might be decreased by the occurrence of disturbances – especially for a warm and dry climate projection. Canopy disturbances seem to accelerate the adaptation of tree species to future climate conditions, which is likely to be accompanied by a change in root systems away from flat roots that currently predominate in torrential catchments. In terms of managing the protective effect of forests against shallow landslides, such natural disturbances can thus be considered as positive interventions in the existing forest ecosystem by promoting natural succession.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "Teaching Field Ecology." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0034.

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The first thing I did when I arrived at Rutgers in the late summer of 1974was to plan the courses I would teach. My principal fall course was to be based on one that I had helped teach for a few years at Barnard College: The Natural History of the New York Area. At Barnard, I had learned the subject by accompanying far more experienced colleagues—Tony Warburton, an evolutionary biologist, and Patricia Dudley, an ecologist—on their field trips. Now, in New Brunswick, I had a new teaching partner, Jim Applegate, a wildlife biologist, but I didn’t anticipate any changes. Jim listened to my plans for the course with gratifying attention and enthusiasm. He had only a few questions. “What are we going to call the course?” “‘The Natural History of the New York Area,’” I answered, “or may be ‘The Natural History of New Jersey.’ That’s what it is, isn’t it?” “Sure. But we already have our course in General Ecology, which you run. That’s mostly theoretical, indoor classroom learning. Why not call the new course ‘Field Ecology’ and design it to let students who have had General Ecology apply their knowledge to the real world? In other words, we want to teach them more than descriptive natural history—they should understand the ecological and human processes that make each place what it is.”This meant a pretty complete rethinking of the course, which I hadn’t expected to do, but I grudgingly agreed. Thus began what has be-come the most remarkable experience of my teaching career. For the first three or four years, we taught together: two different sections a week, each with the two of us and fourteen students crammed into a fifteen-passenger van for field trips that lasted from 1:00 to 6:30 P.M. From the start we decided that there would be almost no class-room teaching, just field trips, regardless of weather. And so we have witnessed the majestic silence of a white cedar swamp in the October sun-shine, have walked the springy, low-tide–bared Spartina salt marsh in torrential rain, and have given final exams on abandoned landfills during snowstorms.
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Sulesco, Tatiana. "ORDINUL DIPTERA Culicidele (Diptera: Culicidae) din Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului”." In Fauna Rezervației „Plaiul Fagului”. Nevertebrate, 209–21. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975347792.10.

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Studii referitoare la diversitatea și ecologia speciilor de țânțari din Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului” nu au fost făcute până în 2010, deci se cunoaște foarte puțin despre speciile de Culicidae, dar și despre habitatele preferate din rezervație. Cu scopul studierii diversității speciilor de Culicidae din Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului” au fost inspectate corpurile acvatice permanente și temporare, potențiale locuri de reproducere a larvelor de țânțari. Adulții de țânțari au fost colectați în diverse habitate în septembrie 2010, iunie 2011, octombrie 2012, iunie 2018 și mai-iunie 2021. Stadiile imature ale țânțarilor au fost colectate din lacuri, bălți și acumulări de apă temporare rămase în urma ploilor abundente și din scorburile arborilor bătrâni. Colectările țânțarilor adulți au fost efectuate cu ajutorul aspiratorului manual din sediul rezervației și alte construcții augziliare ale Rezervației „Plaiul Fagului”. În timpul cercetărilor au fost identificate cinci tipuri de habitate favorabile pentru dezvoltarea larvelor de țânțari. Larvele și adulții au fost identificați până la specie sau complex de specii în conformitate cu cheile taxonomice publicate de Gutsevich ș.a., 1970 și Becker ș.a., 2010. La Culex pipiens pipiens și Culex torrentium identificarea s-a făcut pe baza structurii organelor genitale ale masculului. Pentru nomenclatura și prezentarea sistematică a speciilor de țânțari s-a folosit „Catalogul sistematic al culicidelor” de pe site-ul Unității de biosistematică Walter Reed. Ca rezultat al cercetărilor efectuate în Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului” au fost identificate 13 specii de țânțari din familia Culicidae, care aparțin la patru genuri: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex și Culiseta. Au fost colectați 361 de țânțari, în stadii diferite de dezvoltare, 343 dintre acestea reprezintă forme imature, adică 95%. Femelele au fost colectate de pe oameni, în procesul de căutare a sângelui uman (n = 16), iar masculii (n = 2), au fost prinși cu aspiratorul manual în timp ce se odihneau pe vegetația ieracee. Până în prezent pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova au fost semnalate 41 de specii de țânțari. Dintre acestea, 13 specii (32%), sunt menționate pentru prima dată din Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului”. Ecosistemele studiate includ corpuri de apă variabile, atât permanente, cât și temporare, favorabile pentru dezvoltarea larvelor de țânțari. Este de așteptat ca diversitatea speciilor de țânțari din rezervația „Plaiul Fagului” să fie cu mult mai mare și monitorizarea ulterioară cu studii suplimentare ar putea extinde lista speciilor de țânțari, care sunt parte componentă a rețelei trofice a altor insecte și animale.
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Conference papers on the topic "Torrential processe"

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Wittmanova, Reka, Jaroslav Hrudka, Stefan Stanko, and Ivona Skultetyova. "ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN RAINWATER RUNOFF." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.06.

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Due to the population increasing in urban settlements, the use of the territory and the surface variability of urban settlements are changing rapidly. The development of areas covered with impervious materials contributes to accelerating the runoff process, intensifying surface runoff concentration and the concentration of surface runoff pollution. Surface runoff from urban catchments can be characterized as the primary source of the receiving water's pollution during torrential rains. The aim of the paper is to obtain information about the quality of surface runoff from paved areas of roofs and roads in the urbanized area of the city of Trnava and about the of pollutants concentration by analyzing the quality parameters of the samples taken. Rainwater runoff sampling took place from 26 of November 2021 to 8 of April 2022. Ten samples were taken during the mentioned period. The number of samples is directly proportional to the current precipitation situation in the area. The aim was to capture the first flush due to the assumption of the highest pollution concentration in the initial phase of surface runoff formation. Due to low precipitation and insufficient surface runoff formation, the sampling was irregular. The analyzed qualitative parameters are pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrogen oxides. By comparing the quality of samples and air quality on individual days, we can state that air quality partially affects the quality of samples taken. By comparing the air quality and the daily total precipitation on separate sampling days, we can conclude that pollutants accumulate in the air and on paved areas during a more extended rainy period. The following precipitation event washes away paved areas and cleans the air. The surface runoff then contains a higher concentration of pollutants than the runoff from the precipitation event after a short rainless or multi-day precipitation event.
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Oliveros, Francisco, Emilio Hernández, and Guillermo Soto. "Application of Geotechnical Criteria for the Occurrence of Earth Flows (Avalanches) on the Right of Way of Pipeline Transportation System of Camisea in the Coast Zone of Peru." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2541.

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The Camisea’s Pipeline Transportation System (PTS) in Peru, owned by Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TgP) and operated by Compañía Operadora de Gas del Amazonas (COGA), stars in the Amazon rainforest, crosses the Andes Mountain (4850masl) and descends finally towards the coast of the Pacific. The PTS has more than 10 years of operation and it has two pipelines: one transports Natural Gas (NG) and the other Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) pipelines. The NG pipeline has a length of 864km including a Loop pipeline of 135km. The NGL pipeline has a length of 557km. Because of particular physiographic conditions of each geographic sector that cross the right-of-way (ROW), the integrity of the PTS acquires a level of significant susceptibility to the occurrence of geohazard, which are the product of natural erosive processes and mass movements. In the coast sector, one of the most representative processes of geotechnical instability is the soil or debris flow (mass movements of soils). The occurrence of this type of flow has a greater incidence in the torrential creek, which generate transport of large volumes of sediments during rainy seasons. The flow has destructive effects and therefore, it is necessary to analyze the geomorphological, geological and hydrological aspects of the main creek and rivers that crosses the ROW with the objective of maintaining the integrity of the pipelines. In Peru, the flows are associated and known as Huayco or Huaico. As an additional component, it is highlight that the Peruvian coast is located within the area of interaction between the South American Continental Plate and the Nazca Plate, where there is evidence of seismic activity with different magnitude that influence on the occurrence of geo-dynamic processes with certain periods of frequency that could change the terrane’s morphology. The current article describes technical aspects of identification, intervention, monitoring, and geotechnical control in sub-fluvial crossings with levels of potential damage to the geohazard defined as huayco in the integrity management program of PTS. This activity include 63 main sub-fluvial crosses, approximately 30% are of the seasonal flow regime, located in the coast zone; at the same time, these are tributary to main rivers of constant flow as is the case of the Pisco, Cañete and Mala rivers. In this paper, it is place a special emphasis on the fourth crossing of the Huáncano creek, because it is a place of potential impact in the occurrence of soil flows. Within the annual geotechnical maintenance of the sub-fluvial crosses, in the part of the Peruvian coast, for the operation of the PTS of TgP, bed and banks protection some works are implemented, such as: Check dams, re-channeling, levees and stone riprap (Stone armour). Likewise, a program of evaluation and technical inspection is develop: it includes the analysis of the expected levels of undermining and performance condition of the existing works, which allow defining the geotechnical intervention in a term according to the identified risk level. All in all framed within a process of permanent geotechnical monitoring of the right of way. Finally, it is highlighted that to date the application of the process described above has been continued, which has facilitated the development and continuous assessment of the risk condition by huaycos in the PTS of TgP. This program has maintained an operation with an acceptable level of risk in the areas of interest and avoiding problems and consequences of great impact to communities, the environment and the operation of the system.
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Zaimi, Klodian, and Fatos Hoxhaj. "HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING AND ESTIMATION OF THE SEDIMENTS ACCUMULATION IN BOVILLA RESERVOIR." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/26.

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Bovilla reservoir is the main source of water supply for around 1 million inhabitants in Tirana, the capital of Albania. The reservoir was created in 1998 from Bovilla Dam and belongs to the upper part of the Terkuza River catchment. The dam previously was planned in a smaller size for irrigation purposes. Intense erosion due to large deforestations followed by increasing nutrient run-off from cultivated land is a challenge for the Bovilla Dam management authority because it is influencing the water quality in daily use and decreasing the dam lifespan in long term. Zall Bastari stream transports high amounts of solid materials. Other streams show also a strong torrential character, after rainfall events the water level suddenly rises which leads to massive erosion. Daily meteorological parameters and 30 meters Digital Terrain Model is used together with Land Cover Map in the HEC-HSM hydrological model which is designed to simulate the complete hydrologic processes of watershed systems, including the erosion and sediment transport. The lack of water level and discharge data made impossible the calibration of the hydrological model. The creation of a new data series for the daily discharges was crucial for further analyzes of the sediment transport and accumulation into the reservoir. Bovilla basin has been divided into many sub-basins in order to better calculate the inflow at the reservoir. The lack of previous bathymetric data caused the usage of alternative ways to calculate total accumulated sediment into the reservoir instead of the classical way in lifespan analysis. The characteristics of the sediment in the sub-basins and in the riverbed have been defined through gradation curves got from some available data. Sediment yield has been evaluated based on the conditions of the previous 21 years, from the construction of the dam in 1996 to nowadays. The old storage curve has been interpolated to be compared with the one defined after the survey specifically done in 2017. The analysis was very important to understand the way haw are accumulated sediment into the reservoir but also their distribution through the reservoir bed.
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