Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Torque Controlled'
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Rukchonlatee, Pichit. "A DSP-controlled limited angle torque motor." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27151.
Full textJohansson, Jonas, and Daniel Petersson. "Torque Sensor Free Power Assisted Wheelchair." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-656.
Full textA power assisted wheelchair combines human power, which is delivered by the arms through the pushrims, with electrical motors, which are powered by a battery. Today’s electric power assisted wheelchairs use force sensors to measure the torque exerted on the pushrims by the user. The force sensors in the pushrims are rather expensive and this approach also makes the wheels a little bit clumsy. The objective with this project is to find a new, better and cheaper solution that does not use expensive force sensors in the pushrims. The new power assisted wheelchair will instead only rely on its velocity, which is measured with rotational encoders, as feedback signal and thereby the project name “Torque Sensor Free Power Assisted Wheelchair”.
The project consisted of two main parts; an extensive construction part, where an ordinary joystick controlled motorized wheelchair has been rebuild to the new power assisted wheelchair without torque sensors and a development part, where different torque sensor free controllers has been designed, simulated, programmed and tested.
The project resulted in a torque sensor free power assisted wheelchair, where the final implemented design is a proportional derivative controller, which gives a very good assisting system that is robust and insensitive to measurement noise. The proportional derivative control design gives two adjustable parameters, which can be tuned to fit a certain user; one parameter is used to adjust the amplification of the user’s force and the other one is used to change the lasting time of the propulsion influence.
Since the new assisting control system only relies on the velocity, the torque sensor free power assisted wheelchair will besides giving the user assisting power also give an assistant, which pushes the wheelchair, additional power. This is a big advantage compared to the pushrim activated one, where this benefit for the assistant is not possible.
Zhang, Jun Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Direct torque controlled induction machines for integrated starter/alternator system." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26224.
Full textPurcell, Anthony. "New switching techniques for direct torque controlled induction motor drives." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285275.
Full textBritten, Mark David. "Torque Controlled Drive for Permanent Magnet Direct Current Brushless Motors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5252.
Full textSayeef, Saad Mohammad Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Improved flux and torque estimators for application in direct torque controlled IPM synchronous motors at very low speed." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44566.
Full textJafri, Firoz Ali Sajeed Ali. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Controlled Slipping Clutches." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179489414.
Full textBuyukkeles, Umit. "Improved Torque And Speed Control Performance In A Vector-controlled Pwm-vsi Fed Surface-mounted Pmsm Drive With Conventional P-i Controllers." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614294/index.pdf.
Full textSuffridge, Calvin Buford. "Cleaning Efficiency of Nickel Titanium GT and .04 Rotary Files when used in a Torque Controlled Rotary Handpiece." VCU Scholars Compass, 2002. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5533.
Full textGörner, Martin Verfasser], Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] [Witte, Gerhard [Gutachter] Hirzinger, and Auke Jan [Gutachter] Ijspeert. "Locomotion and pose estimation in compliant, torque-controlled hexapedal robots / Martin Görner ; Gutachter: Gerd Hirzinger, Auke Jan Ijspeert ; Betreuer: Hartmut Witte." Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117814223X/34.
Full textSwint, Ethan Baggett. "DC Reluctance Machine — A Doubly-Salient Reluctance Machine with Controlled Electrical and Mechanical Power Ripple." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27717.
Full textPh. D.
Speziali, Marco. "Robust Grasp with Compliant Multi-Fingered Hand." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20126/.
Full textMello, Emanuele Moraes. "O controle neural do tríceps sural e implicações na manutenção da postura ortostática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-05102011-104836/.
Full textRandom oscillations of the center of pressure are an inevitable feature associated with quiet standing (PEQ). This random movement may be attributed to different sources of variability including the sensory inputs at the periphery, the central nervous system and the neuromuscular system that generates the torques. Once the descending commands are generated by the brain, there are sources at the spinal cord and at the motor units that contribute with an added variability to the force generated by synergist muscles acting around a joint. These sources of force variability (generated at the spinal cord and at the motor units) were the focus of the present research, with a specific emphasis on the ankle joint and the triceps surae muscle group, which are directly involved in postural control during PEQ. The methodology consisted in studying the plantarflexion torque variability generated in different conditions together with the analyses of the electromyograms (EMGs) of the three triceps surae muscles. Three sets of experiments were used in the research: 1) subject seated, with either extended knee (JE) or flexed knee (JF), executing isometric contractions; 2) subject seated, with extended knee, comparing force task (isometric contraction, with force control TF) with position task (non-isometric force generation with position control TP); 3) subject standing, either naturally (PEQ) or attached to a fixed structure (PEA), compared with TF and TP exerted while seated, with JE, and with same torque as during PEQ. These conditions were also tested with the soleus H reflex. For experiments 1 and 2 the number of subjects was 13, while for experiment 3 it was 9, all healthy. The quantifiers that were used to characterize the signals were the mean value (), the standard deviation () and the coefficient of variation (CV). These were applied to the torque signal and for the EMG envelope of the muscles soleus (SO), lateral gastrocnemius (GL) and medial gastrocnemius (GM). The results of Experiment 1 are synthesized in what follows. The torque during maximal contraction (CVM) was 58% higher in JE as compared with JF, but the variability ( and CV) was higher in JF than in JE. The variability was also higher in JF for torque levels in the range 10 to 80% CVM. There was a linearly increasing relation between and of the torque generated by the triceps surae in JE and JF ( and normalized with respect to the respective CVMs). The levels of muscle activation (envelope ) were higher in JE than in JF, mainly due to the higher activation of GM and GL in JE when compared with JF. The SO muscle was more activated than GM and GL, both in JE and JF. Both the EMG level and envelope increased as a function of the plantarflexion torque, for SO, GL and GM. The results for Experiment 2 are described in what follows. Torque variability ( e CV) was lower in TP than in TF. There was an increasing relation between and of the torque generated by the triceps surae, and between and of the EMG envelopes of the three muscles as a function of the plantarflexion torque , during TF and TP. The EMG envelope was positively correlated with the plantarflexion torque , both normalized with respect to the respective values at CVM. The results of Experiment 3 are summarized in what follows. Plantarflexion torque variability ( e CV) during PEQ was higher than in the other conditions, the subject sample showing a positive correlation between torque in PEQ and in TF or TP. On the other hand, during 10 PEA, torque was uncorrelated with torque measured in TF and TP. The muscle activation levels in triceps surae were higher in TF than in the other conditions, mainly due to the higher SO activation in TF as compared with the other conditions. The EMG envelope of SO and GM varied with the conditions analyzed, and the GM envelope CV was higher in PEQ than in the other conditions. There were no statistical differences in the values of and CV of the H reflex amplitudes in the different conditions. The results in general may suggest the following: i there is an optimization of the neuromuscular control in position JE with respect to that in JF from the point of view that a lower variability of plantarflexion torque occurs in JE than in JF for a wide force range; ii the relative level of recruitment among the three muscles is sensitive to the knee angle (at least at 90º and 0o); iii the SO muscle is the most activated in the triceps surae, both in JE and JF, for all torque levels analyzed; iv there is less variability in plantarflexion torque in TP than in TF, perhaps due to the action of different proprioceptors, but without significant difference in muscle activation or EMG envelope variability between the two conditions; v plantarflexion torque variability in PEQ is higher than in the other conditions, being similar in PEA and TF and in TP being the smallest of all; vi a subject with a higher torque variability in TF or TP will present a higher variability in PEQ (as suggested by correlation analysis), suggesting that a fraction of the variability in PEQ originates in the spinal cord and neuromuscular system; vii the SO was more activated in TF than in the other conditions (PEQ, PEA and TP), which could be a strategy of the central nervous system to cope with the different tasks; viii in a general sense, the H reflex amplitude does not seem to be a sensitive indicator of the different neural events occurring in the spinal cord during the different experimental conditions (PEQ, PEA, TF and TP)
Al-Barghouthi, Mohammad. "Extended and Unscented Kalman Filtering for Estimating Friction and Clamping Force in Threaded Fasteners." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446422.
Full textPereira, William César de Andrade. "Controle de velocidade sensorless aplicado ao controle direto de torque da máquina de indução." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-14032014-082811/.
Full textThis work deals with the sensorless speed control for Three-phase Induction Motor in order to improve its operation at low speed and low frequency. At first, a Direct Torque Control employing Space Vector Pulse with Modulation (SVPWM) based on Flux Observer (voltage and current model) is studied and evaluated due to its high accuracy of estimating the stator-flux at low speed. The Model Adaptive Reference (MRAS) with Fuzzy Controler is chosen in order to estimate the rotor speed. This choice is based on its capability of high performance during Three-phase Induction Motor operation even if the machines parameters and the load change during the operation. At last, some simulations with diferent operational conditions at low speed are carried out in order to test the sensorless control. The results show a good perfomance and agreed with the results shown in recent papers.
Gaziolla, Helio. "Controle direto de torque baseado no controle do ângulo da carga utilizando controladores PI's." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2014.
O Controle Direto de Torque é uma das técnicas mais avançadas em acionamentos para motores de indução trifásicos, pois tem como característica principal uma resposta rápida as exigências de torque eletromagnético o que permite um controle com maior precisão da velocidade. Este trabalho apresenta o Controle Direto de Torque baseado no controle do ângulo da carga com a utilização de controladores do tipo proporcional-integral (PI). Esta estratégia baseia-se na análise do erro encontrado entre torque eletromagnético de referência e torque eletromagnético estimado que é processado por um controlador que gera um ângulo de carga. O fluxo do estator em coordenadas estacionárias é calculado a partir de sua magnitude e com o ângulo, gerado pelo controlador PI mencionado, é somado ao ângulo do rotor. O fluxo do estator de referencia é comparado ao fluxo do estator estimado e um controlador PI processa o erro de forma a gerar a tensão de estator em coordenadas estacionárias de forma que as referências de torque e fluxo sejam atendidas. Com base em um modelo computacional foram realizadas simulação para validar a eficiência da estratégia proposta, resultados obtidos demonstram o comportamento transitório e em regime das correntes, torque eletromagnético e velocidade do motor. Também foram realizados testes em bancada para validar o controlador proposto.
The Direct Torque Control is one of the most advanced techniques for three-phase induction motors drives, due its main characteristic in which it has a quick response to requirements electromagnetic torque which allows a control of the speed with greater precision. This work presents the direct torque control based on load angle control with the use proportional-integral (PI) controllers. This strategy is based on the analysis of an error found between the reference of electromagnetic torque and the measured torque that is processed by a controller that generates an electromagnetic torque load angle. The stator flux in stationary coordinates is calculated from the magnitude and the angle generated by a PI controller that is added to the rotor angle. The stator flux reference is compared to the estimated stator flux and a PI controller processes this error an calculates the stator voltage in stationary stator coordinates so that the flux and torque references are attended. The study is made using computer simulations of the proposed controller and experimental results are carried out to validate the estrategy.
Wong, Wallace Shung Hui. "Improved direct torque control and robust adaptive control of induction motor drives." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271811.
Full textParrotta, Francesco. "Modellistica ed analisi di strategie di controllo per il Torque Vectoring." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17278/.
Full textLins, Zanoni Dueire. "Controle direto de torque para motores de indução - estudo e implementação." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260712.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O controle direto de torque é uma das mais recentes técnicas desenvolvidas para acionamentos de motores de indução e uma de suas principais vantagens é a rapidez de resposta às solicitações exigidas do torque eletromagnético o qual permite o preciso controle da velocidade. Esta técnica de controle tem como base a análise direta dos erros de torque eletromagnético e fluxo de estator na operação do motor de indução. Os esquemas de acionamento de controle direto de torque propostos por I. Takahashi e G. Buja são implementados e testes experimentais são realizados. Na montagem experimental foi utilizado o processador digital de sinais DSP96002 da Motorola que processa os sinais de tensão, corrente e velocidade adquiridos por sensores e executa o algoritmo do controle da velocidade ou do torque eletromagnético. Uma nova proposta de acionamento de controle direto de torque que utiliza um controlador fuzzy é apresentada e os seus resuhados de simulação mostram o potencial deste controlador para o controle do torque eletromagnético. Visando a minimi71icão das perdas elétricas controláveis em um motor de indução, as mesmas foram estudadas e dois controladores, que estabelecem o fluxo ótimo que minimi71i essas perdas, são elaborados. Resuhados de simulação indicam as vantagens da utilização de cada um desses controladores, associado ao esquema de acionamento de controle direto de torque proposto por G. Buja, no aumento da eficiência de motores de indução
Abstract: DÚ'ect torque control is one of the most recent techniques developed for driving induction motors and one of its main advantages is the fast response to electromagnetic torque demanded, allowing the accurate control of motor speed. This control technique is based on the direct ana1ysis of the electromagnetic torque and stator flux errors during the operation of induction motor. The d.riving schemes ofthe dÚ'ect torque control proposed by I. Takahashi and G. Buja are implemented and experimental tests are performed. The practical implementation made use of a digital signal processor DSP96002 ftom Motorola which processes the voltage, current and speed signals acqUÚ'ed ttom sensors and runs the algorithm to control motor speed or the electromagnetic torque. A new approach to diect torque control drive that uses fuzzy logic is presented herein. Simulation results show the potential of this strategy to control the electromagnetic torque.A iming at minimization, controllable electricallosses in induction motor were studied. Two controllers that establish the optimal stator flux for minima1 controllable electricallosses are presented. Simulation results indica te the advantages of each one of these controllers in the induction motor increased efficiency, if any of these were used together with dÚ'ect torque control drive scheme proposed by G. Buja
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Winkler, Alexander. "Sensorgeführte Bewegungen stationärer Roboter." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-197679.
Full textThis work deals with so-called sensor guided robot motions, which means using the data of external sensors to control the robot. The control loop of the sensor guided robot motion can be only closed around the position control loop, because industrial robot systems usually work position controlled and only access to the desired positions is enabled. For this reason here only position based control approaches are regarded. Force/torque control is a very important type of sensor guided robot motions. According to this, a good portion of this work deals with the subject of force/torque control. Thus, the acceptance of force/torque control in industrial production processes should be increased, by using innovative and clear control algorithms. For this purpose force control in one degree of freedom, contour-following, force/torque controlled assembling tasks and the cooperation between robots are discussed here in different chapters. Thereafter, a concept to collision avoidance between robots and obstacles is presented. It uses the approach of virtual potential/force fields. In this case the artificial field induces a robot motion away from the obstacle. The method of artificial charges is developed to generate this field. For this purpose virtual charges are placed on the surface of the obstacles. Placing of the charges can be performed using e.g. CAD data of the obstacles. Having moving obstacles charge positions must be updated continuously. The inverted pendulum is commonly used teaching students in control theory. The swinging up and the stabilization of the pendulum also can be performed by an industrial robot. One chapter of this work deals with modelling of the robot mounted inverted pendulum and control algorithms for its swinging up and its stabilization. Finally, in combination with the inverted pendulum a visual-servoing system is presented, which measures the pendulum inclination angle by camera. All concepts introduced in this work are verified by practical experiments
Oliveira, Israel Gonçalves de. "Comparação entre as estratégias de controle por torque calculado e controle repetitivo aplicados a manipuladores robóticos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156791.
Full textThis work presents a comparison between the strategies of computed-torque control and repetitive control applied to robotic manipulators. The main objective in use these controllers with the manipulator is to tracking periodic trajectory in joint space. The development and implementation of controllers are focused on the Whole Arm Manipulator (WAM) of the Barrett Technology®Inc. Also featured are a non-linear model formulation of the manipulator and the synthesis of controllers for computed-torque control and repetitive control applied to the manipulator model linearized by state feedback. The computed-torque controller is presented in its classic form. For the repetitive controller, the synthesis is based on the internal model principle with the addition of a repetitive structure and a proportional-derivative reference tracking error feedback. The design of the repetitive controller gains is done through a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequalities (LMI) constraints. The formulation of the optimization problem is based on the Lyapunov stability theory using a Lyapunov-Krasoviskii functional, addition of a quadratic cost for performance adjustment and a transient performance criteria given by the exponential decay rate of the states norm. A comparison between the control strategies and the validation of the repetitive controller applied to the case with perfect linearization and the case with the non-linear model of the manipulator are presented. In the first case, is made simulations of the linear model of the manipulator in MATLAB program, with the addition of a disturbance modeling the friction torque at the joint. In the second case, is used the Robot Operating System (ROS) with Gazebo program simulating the WAM nonlinear model. In this case, a possible mismatch between the model used for the feedback linearization and the real system is taken into account.
Meereis, Estele Caroline Welter. "Cinesioterapia no controle postural de idosos : metanálise, ensaio clínico e validação de instrumento de avaliação isocinética." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170236.
Full textPostural control is the basis of the human motor control system, producing stability and conditions for movement. During the aging process, changes occur declining the ability to produce strength and maintain balance, reducing functional capacity and increasing the risk of falls. Considering that physical exercises can minimize this process, the objective of this study is to verify the influence of kinesiotherapy with emphasis on strength and balance training in postural balance, muscle strength, functionality and risk of falls in the elderly. For this, three studies were developed, consisting of a meta-analysis of the existing studies and its gaps about the subject, a validation study and a randomized clinical trial, which will be presented in Chapters I, II and III, respectively. In Chapter I, the meta-analysis sought to verify the influence of intervention with strength training and multicomponent training on the functionality and risk of falls in the elderly, evaluated by the timed up and go (TUG), sit to stand (STS) and/or Berga Balance Scale (BBS) tests. The databases searched were Pubmed, Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane and Lilacs. Of the 1434 studies found in the literature, 32 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The results pointed to an improvement in all of the outcomes investigated when comparing multicomponent training groups to control groups. Strength training, compared to control groups, showed benefit only for the 30STS outcome. Few studies compared multicomponent training with strength training, and those which made this comparison did not find a difference between the two trainings. It was observed that new clinical trials are required in order to determine which type of training is most beneficial on functional parameters. These findings motivated the execution of the clinical study presented in chapter III. However, in order to evaluate the force using a new instrument for knee isokinetic torque evaluation, it was necessary to perform the validation and reliability study of this equipment, described in Chapter II, in which 20 female subjects performed evaluations with the new equipment and with an equipment considered “gold standard”. In addition, 20 women performed repeated evaluations in the new equipment in order to verify the intraday and interdays reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval (95%CI), standard error SEM, Bland-Altman charts and significance level of 5%. The results pointed out to an excellent correlation between the data for both extensors and flexors (ICC= 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). In the Bland-Altman analysis, the data were distributed within the limits of agreement between the two equipments. In the intraday and interdays analysis, the SEMs of the knee isokinetic evaluation equipment varied between 4.9% and 11.3%. The accuracy of the evaluation, verified in the comparison of the experimental torque and the analytical torque obtained with known weights was 99.9%. Therefore, it was verified that the proposed equipment proved to be valid and reliable, being a simple and low-cost alternative to quantify the peak torque of female non-athletes, inferring that it can also be used for to individuals with similar torque/force, as non-athletes of both sexes in the age group from 60 years. Chapter III describes, clinical trials performed with 18 elderly women, randomly assigned into 3 groups: 6 in the control group (CG: 71.5 ± 3.02 years), 6 in the intervention group with emphasis on strength training (SG: 67.3 ± 3.01 years) and 6 in the Intervention group with emphasis on balance training (BG: 71.8 ± 5.38 years). The intervention was performed for each exercise group during 60 minutes, twice a week, for 8 weeks, consisting of warm-up exercises, SG stretching and stretching exercises, and warm-up, balance training and stretching for BG. The CG maintained the usual activities. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements was used for the comparison between the moments and between the groups, with Bonferroni Post hoc to identify the differences. The level of significance set for all tests was 5%. The results demonstrated significant differences between the pre-and post-intervention evaluations related to the postural balance in the open-eyes situation for COPvel (p = 0.01) and the ellipse area of 95% of COP (p = 0.04) and TUG (p = 0.04) for the elderly of the BG, showing that the training with an emphasis on balance improved variables related to balance and functionality. A significant difference between GC and SG groups was verified related to the maximum torque of knee flexors in the post-intervention comparison (p = 0.04), demonstrating that SG presented greater strength. In view of the present study, it was observed that both programs presented benefits in comparison to the CG, whose participants did not follow any kind of intervention. However, it was observed that the specificity of the training had an influence on the improvement of the variables, suggesting that the interventions performed with the elderly are composed of both strength and balance exercises.
Azcue, Puma José Luis 1981. "Controle direto de torque do motor de indução trifásico usando controlador Fuzzy tipo PI autoajustável." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258996.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho apresenta-se o desempenho de um controlador fuzzy tipo PI autoajustável (FPIA) para o uso no esquema de controle direto de torque com modulação por vetores espaciais apresentado por J. Rodriguez e outros em 2004. Apresenta-se também um estudo comparativo da resposta dinâmica de vários esquemas de controle direto de torque (DTC) para o motor de indução trifásico. O controlador FPIA determina dinâmicamente o ângulo de carga existente entre os vetores espaciais dos fluxos do estator e do rotor e, em consequência, o torque eletromagnético necessário para suprir a carga do motor. A base de regras para o controlador proposto é definida em função do erro "e" e da variação do erro "??" do torque eletromagnético usando funções de pertinência triangulares e trapezoidais. O controle é realizado em frequência de chaveamento constante e apresenta baixa ondulação de torque usando modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais. O desempenho do DTC com o controlador proposto é comparado com o desempenho do mesmo esquema usando o controlador PI através de várias medidas de desempenho tais como tempo de acomodação, tempo de subida e o índice integral do tempo multiplicado pelo valor absoluto do erro (ITAE). Foram realizadas simulações em diferentes condições de operação que mostram que o controlador proposto assegura uma resposta rápida com baixa ondulação do torque em comparação com o controlador PI, ambos aplicados ao mesmo esquema DTC
Abstract: This dissertation presents the performance of a self-tuning PI type fuzzy controller (STPIF) for the direct torque control (DTC) with space vector modulation (SVM) scheme presented by J. Rodriguez et al. in 2004. It is also presented a comparative study of the dynamic response of various DTC schemes for the three-phase induction motor. The STPIF controller determines dynamically the load angle between the stator and rotor flux space vectors and, consequently, the electromagnetic torque necessary to supply the motor load. The rule base for the proposed controller is defined in terms of error "e" and the change of the error "??" of electromagnetic torque using triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Constant switching frequency and low torque ripple are obtained using SVM. The performance of the DTC-SVM with the proposed controller is compared with the performance of the same scheme but using PI controller in terms of several performance indexes such as settling time, rise time and integral-of-time multiplied by the absolute magnitude of the error index (ITAE). The simulation results show that the proposed controller ensures fast torque response and low torque ripple when compared to the PI controller, both implemented in the same DTC-SVM scheme
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Brandão, Neto Jose Ribeiro. "Controle auto-sintonizavel de sistemas rotativos submetidos a demanda de torque variavel." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264113.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Encontra-se larga aplicação para a teoria de sistemas lineares com parâmetros concentrados e invariantes no tempo quando se estudam métodos de controle para sistemas mecânicos rotativos. Em aplicações para 'as quais existe um regime de demanda de torque variável, é preciso levar em conta o caráter não estático de alguns parâmetros do sistema, para que se possa projetar controladores que tenham seus desempenhos reais compatíveis com as características de projeto. Fazer o controle da velocidade de rotação em um caso experimental que apresenta um regime de demanda de torque variável é o objeto de estudo utilizado na elaboração deste trabalho. A partir de uma bancada mecânica rotativa, são apresentadas todas as etapas da identificação que serviu como base para o projeto de três tipos de controladores: tacométrico, polinomial e polinomial auto-sintonizável. O projeto dos controladores tinha como objetivo a obtenção de uma velocidade de rotação de saída estabilizada, sendo a avaliação do desempenho feita face a variações na demanda de torque aplicadas aos sistemas controlados. Em especial, deu-se atenção à implementação do método polinomial autosintonizável. A estratégia adaptativa resultou na atuação dentro dos limites desejados, enquanto o sistema era submetido a uma demanda de torque variável. Os resultados experimentais obtidos com um sistema reduzido, somados às simulações com o sistema completo, permitem dizer que controladores auto-sintonizáveis são uma melhoria viável para. controle de sistemas rotativos
Abstract: The theory for time-invariant lumped parameter linear systems (LTI) stands as the basis for control methods applied to rotating mechanical systems. There are some situations, however, for which there is a variable torque load, as in belt conveyors or rolling mills, for example. For those cases it is necessary to design controllers which take into account the nonstationary features of the system, for the real controller performance to cope with the design characteristics. Although feasible in theory and simulation, in the implementation of control schemes which deal with non-LTI systems there are some other constraints involved, as, for instance, the gap between the necessary and the available instrumentation for the real controller to perform as desired. For an experimental case consisting of a rotating system subject to torque load fluctuations, it is presented in this work three rotation regulation control schemes: tachometric, polynomial and self-tuning polynomial. Special attention was given to self-tuning polynomial controllers. The basis for the controller design is the identification of mechanical setup, also developed in the texto The control goal was to regulate the output rotation speed, and the performance index was chosen to be the controlled system output when subjected to torque load variation. The result of the implemented adaptive scheme shows the regulator action to keep the output within the desired levels as the load varies. From alI results, inc1udingthe ones for a reduced experimental system, it is possible to foresee the self-tuning scheme as a feasible improvement for rotating systems' controllers
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Maria, Daniel de Figueiredo. "Controle linear de maximo torque do motor sincrono de imãs permanentes interiores." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261361.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o controle linear de máximo torque de um motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes interiores funcionando nas regiões de torque constante e potência constante. Na região de torque constante utiliza-se uma estratégia de controle baseada na curva de máximo torque por Ampére do motor e na região de potência constante implementa-se uma estratégia de enfraquecimento de campo que visa manter a tens~ao terminal de estator constante através do controle da reação de armadura. Para melhorar a resposta dinâmica do controle de torque na região de potência constante define-se uma faixa de velocidade intermediária, denominada região de enfraquecimento parcial, na qual estende-se o controle pela curva de máximo torque por Ampére. Resultados de simulação e experimentais são obtidos com o objetivo de avaliar os métodos de controle propostos.
Abstract: In this work is presented the linear maximum torque control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous operating in the constant torque and field weakening ranges. The constant torque control is implemented by using the maximum torque per Ampére curve of the motor. The terminal stator voltage remains constant along the field weakening range due to the armature reaction control. In order to obtain a better dynamic response, the maximum torque per Ampére control is extended up to the field weakening range, in an intermediate region, called partial field weakening region. Experimental and simulation results are presented in order to validate the proposed torque control methods.
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
ALHAJ, ALI SOUMA MAHMOUD. "TECHNOLOGIES FOR AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION IN UNSTRUCTURED OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1064404165.
Full textBorges, Cristiane Krás. "Coordenação e controle motor : um estudo sobre a posição de coordenação do método de Piret e Béziers." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16638.
Full textThe main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the coordination position, proposed by the coordination method (Piret & Bézier, 1992), on the thumb-index torque production. Sixteen young adults (24,7 ± 2,2 years old) were asked to perform two different tasks: Maximum thumb-index torque production and constant thumb-index torque. Both tasks were evaluated in four different elbow positions (free position, extension, 45º of flexion and 90º of flexion) and three relative levels of maximum thumb-index torque production (20%, 40% & 60%). Maximum peak torque, variability, irregularity and accuracy were used as dependent variables. The results showed neither effects of the elbow position on the maximum thumb-index torque production nor in the constant thumb-index torque task. However, the constant thumb-index torque responses were more variable, more irregular and less accurate with increased relative levels of the thumb-index torque production. These findings do not support the coordination method premise that we have an optimum upper-limb position which provides a better coordination and motor control. Furthermore, the results allow the interpretation that larger level of the thumb-index torque production demands more complex neuromuscular adjustments of the motor-sensory system; however, the elbow position does not appear to be a determinant constraint during a thumb-index torque task.
Trounce, Jonathan Charles. "Implementation of a direct torque controller using a three-level inverter for an electric vehicle application." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2278.
Full textBarbeiro, Tácio Luiz de Souza. "Controle de robôs manipuladores subatuados via Síntese-μ." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-12082016-160927/.
Full textThis work deals with implementation of a robust control technique, μ-Synthesis, in a mani- pulator robot with three degrees of freedom and passive joints. The necessity of a robust control is due to the fact that in a real application the system is subject to changes in its internal parameters and external disturbances (sensor noise, etc). Here, a robust control methodology that combines the computed torque method and robust controllers designed via μ-Synthesis is proposal and used with success. The mathematical formulation of the system dynamics is presented and the linearization is accomplished by the state feedback included in the method. An overview of theoretical concepts presents in the μ-Synthesis theory is made and a design procedure is presented. Nominal models for all robot\'s configurations are defined and robust controllers are designed using the D-K iterations method. The test and validation of the controllers are realized in a simulation environment and also in the experimental manipulator UArmII (Underactuated Robot Manipulator II), that is a robot manipulator (equipped with 3 joints, actuators and brakes) projected for the study of passive dynamics.
Gastaldini, Cristiane Cauduro. "Controle de velocidade sensorless de motores de indução trifásicos sujeitos a distúrbios de torque." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8460.
Full textThis work presents a study of a sensorless speed servomechanism using threephase induction motors. The aim is to investigate the performance of a specific control technique when different load variations or torque disturbances are applied. In order to determine the control technique to be used, first a review of the state-of-the-art of control and speed estimation techniques with their characteristics and limitations. The proposed sensorless induction motor servomechanism uses indirect fieldoriented control (IFOC), a technique based on feedback linearization control (FLC), which is often used in nonlinear systems. This control system comprises three basic controllers: flux control, speed control and current control. To implement IFOC, estimates of torque and speed are required. Speed is estimated using an adaptive reference algorithm of reactive power. The resulting estimated is processed in a Kalman filter, which is also used for torque estimates. A number of simulations using the Matlab® software package and experimental results using on DSP TMS320F2812 platform are presented here to verify the performance of the proposed control system in conditions of low speeds and load variations.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de um servomecanismo sensorless usando motores de indução trifásicos. Objetiva-se o estudo do desempenho de uma técnica de controle frente a variações de torque de carga ou distúrbios de torque. Para a determinação da técnica de controle, inicialmente, é realizado um estudo sobre o estado da arte das técnicas de controle e estimação da velocidade, apresentando suas características e suas limitações. O servomecanismo de motor de indução sensorless proposto utiliza uma técnica de controle de campo orientado indireto (IFOC). Sua formulação é realizada através da estratégia de controle realimentado linearizado (FLC feedback linearization control) típica de sistemas não-lineares. Este sistema de controle é composto por três controladores: controlador de fluxo, controlador de velocidade e controlador de correntes. Para sua implementação são necessários as estimativas de torque e velocidade. A estimativa de velocidade é computada através de um modelo de referência adaptativo da potência reativa. Este valor estimado é filtrado pelo filtro de Kalman o qual também é utilizado na estimativa do torque. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho, resultados de simulações utilizando o software Matlab® e experimentais em plataforma DSP TMS320F2812 são apresentados. A partir destes resultados, averiguou-se o desempenho do sistema de controle proposto, em condições de baixas velocidades e perante variações de torque de carga.
Oliveira, Márcio Alves de. "Controle de força e torque isométrico em crianças com e sem desordem coordenativa desenvolvimental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2831.
Full textDiz, Maria Angélica da Rocha [UNESP]. "Efeito da prática no controle de torque isométrico em crianças com transtorno de desenvolvimento de coordenação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87378.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Durante o período de escolarização, algumas crianças podem apresentar dificuldades na coordenação motora, principalmente em habilidades manuais, e podem ser identificadas como tendo Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC). Existem evidências na literatura que déficits nos mecanismos de controle e precisão para produção de força/torque dos dedos estejam associados às dificuldades motoras nessas crianças. Assim, como a produção de força/torque é essencial para inúmeras atividades da vida diária, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar o efeito da prática no desempenho de crianças com TDC e com desenvolvimento típico (DT). Participaram do estudo, 24 crianças com idade entre 9 e 10 anos. A tarefa praticada foi a de preensão digital em torque com feedback visual. As crianças foram incentivadas a manter, durante 15 segundos, de forma contínua e constante, 25% do torque voluntário máximo. A prática foi feita durante cinco dias consecutivos, com realização de 15 tentativas por dia. Após a prática com feedback visual, as crianças foram incentivadas a realizar cinco tentativas na condição sem feedback visual. Nestas tentativas, o feedback visual era removido após 5 segundos do início da tentativa. Os resultados demonstraram que nos cinco dias de prática as crianças com DT foram consistentemente mais precisas em manter o controle de torque do que as crianças com TDC. As crianças de ambos os grupos melhoraram o desempenho no decorrer das sessões de prática evidenciado pela redução do coeficiente de variação e da dispersão média do erro...
During the first years in school, children can show motor coordination difficulties mainly in manual skills and they can be identified as shown Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). There is evidence from the literature that deficits in the mechanisms of accuracy and control in the finger production of strength/torque are associated with the motor difficulties of these children. The production of strength/torque is essential for a large number of daily activities so that the effect of practice of grip torque among DCD children and those shown typical development (DT) was the main objective of the present study. Participants were 24 children aged between 9 and 10 years. Children were asked to keep control of torque in a continuous and constant way with visual feedback (25% of maximum voluntary torque) during a period of 15 seconds. Practice was given during five consecutive days with 15 trials per day. After the practice with visual feedback, children were asked to perform five trials without visual feedback. In these trials, feedback was removed five seconds after the start of the trial. The results showed during the five days of practice that children with DT were consistently more accurate in keeping torque control than those with DCD. Children from both groups improved the level of performance as practice took place shown reduction of the coefficient of variation and of error (RMS). In relation to the trials without visual feedback, DCD children were not able to perform at the same level as they did when visual feedback was available...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Jaimes, Jonathan Campo. "Ankle torque estimation for lower-limb robotic rehabilitation." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-08102018-164536/.
Full textEm terapias de reabilitação robótica, o conhecimento dos torques da articulação humana é importante para a segurança do paciente, para fornecer dados confiáveis na avaliação clínica e aumentar o desempenho de controle do dispositivo, no entanto, sua medição pode ser complexa ou costoso de implementar. A maioria das técnicas de estimativa de torque tem sido desenvolvidas para dispositivos de reabilitação robótica de membros superiores, além disso, eles normalmente requerem modelos antropométricos e musculoesqueléticos detalhados. Nesta dissertação é apresentada a estimativa do torque do tornozelo no robô Anklebot, a estimação utiliza um modelo dinâmico tornozelo + Anklebot o qual considera a medição da posição e velocidade angular do tornozelo, os parametros de impedancia mecânica do tornozelo são obtidos por meio de um modelo simples de segunda ordem e são identificados os torques gravitacionais e de atrito. Três abordagens para a estimativa de torque de tornozelo foram propostas para serem implementadas, o momento generalizado, o filtro de Kalman e, finalmente, uma abordagem que combina tanto o momento generalizado e o filtro de Kalman. A validação de tais abordagens foi desenvolvida primeiro em um mock-up físico configurado para reproduzir o movimento articular do tornozelo humano, avaliando seus desempenhos. A segunda abordagem proposta foi selecionada para ser implementada em um usuário voluntário. Um conjunto de experimentos foi realizado considerando a atividade física que o sujeito pode realizar ao interagir com o Anklebot, a estimativa desenvolvida de torque de tornozelo demostrou ser bem sucedida para o torque passivo e na maioria dos cenários propostos onde o torque ativo é realizado.
Bizkevelci, Erdal. "A Control Algorithm To Minimize Torque Ripple And Acoustic Noise Of Switched Reluctance Motors." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609866/index.pdf.
Full textDiz, Maria Angélica da Rocha. "Efeito da prática no controle de torque isométrico em crianças com transtorno de desenvolvimento de coordenação /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87378.
Full textAbstract: During the first years in school, children can show motor coordination difficulties mainly in manual skills and they can be identified as shown Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). There is evidence from the literature that deficits in the mechanisms of accuracy and control in the finger production of strength/torque are associated with the motor difficulties of these children. The production of strength/torque is essential for a large number of daily activities so that the effect of practice of grip torque among DCD children and those shown typical development (DT) was the main objective of the present study. Participants were 24 children aged between 9 and 10 years. Children were asked to keep control of torque in a continuous and constant way with visual feedback (25% of maximum voluntary torque) during a period of 15 seconds. Practice was given during five consecutive days with 15 trials per day. After the practice with visual feedback, children were asked to perform five trials without visual feedback. In these trials, feedback was removed five seconds after the start of the trial. The results showed during the five days of practice that children with DT were consistently more accurate in keeping torque control than those with DCD. Children from both groups improved the level of performance as practice took place shown reduction of the coefficient of variation and of error (RMS). In relation to the trials without visual feedback, DCD children were not able to perform at the same level as they did when visual feedback was available...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Ana Maria Pellegrini
Coorientador: Cynthia Y. Hiraga
Banca: José angelo Barela
Banca: Márcio Alves de Oliveira
Mestre
Lazarini, Marcos Vinicius. "Controle direto de torque de motores de indução trifasicos sem sensores de velocidade usando a estrategia de controle por modos deslizantes." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258998.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo detalhado de uma configuração de controle direto de torque (DTC) de motores de indução trifásicos usando modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais, controlador de estrutura variável tipo modos deslizantes (sliding mode) e estimador de velocidade adaptativo do tipo MRAS (model reference adaptive system). Procurou-se apresentar um tutorial detalhado sobre o assunto onde, desde a modelagem matemática adequada do motor de indução trifásico e do controle direto de torque, da modelagem do controlador tipo modos deslizantes e do estimador MRAS até a programação do sistema em processador digital de sinais foram detalhadas. Construiu-se uma plataforma experimental no Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência da FEEC/UNICAMP para comprovação dos resultados teóricos obtidos através de modelagens matemáticas e simulações digitais realizadas. Os resultados em geral se mostraram adequados e o trabalho certamente contribuiu bastante para a formação do autor para trabalhos de pesquisas científica e tecnológica. Espera-se que o resultado deste trabalho venha contribuir para o estudo de futuros pesquisadores e para o ensino de pós-graduação e, quem sabe de graduação também, nas áreas de controle, eletrônica de potência e controle de máquinas elétricas.
Abstract: This work presents a detailed study of a three-phase induction motor direct torque control (DTC) using space vector pulse width modulation, variable structure controller of sliding mode type and a MRAS rotor speed estimator (model reference adaptive system). It is shown here a detailed tutorial, covering the three-phase induction motor dynamic mathematical modeling and the direct torque control, the sliding mode controller and the MRAS estimator model, up to the digital signal processor programming structure. An experimental set-up was built in the Power Electronics Laboratory of the FEEC/UNICAMP in order to confirm the theoretical results obtained using dynamic simulation. The results obtained were considered adequate in various situations, and the development of this work became a fundamental contribution to the author in terms of his scientific and academic research skills improvement. It is expected that this work could contribute to the future researchers' learning process and also to the graduate and undergraduate control students, control of electrical machines students and power electronics learning process.
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Dias, Rogério Pinho. "Controle de torque do motor de indução trifásico para aplicação em chaves eletrônicas de partida suave." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2008. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1859.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work presents a study for implementation of the control of limitation of electromagnetic torque develops for three-phase induction motor in soft-starters applications. The proposed method is based on the electromagnetic torque estimation from the measurement of stator currents and the stator voltages. The related problems to the stator flux estimation by pure integration of the equation of the stator voltages are minimized with use of low pass filters in the place of pure integrators and high pass filter at the analogical input to eliminate the measurement offset error. The amplitude and phase errors resultant of the filtering process are reduced with the use of a factor of correction in the final stage of integration. Gotten experimental results validate the proposed method showing its viability in applications where the objective is to control only the start or stop process of three-phase induction motors and possibility the applications with soft-starter - to any type of load that does not need speed variation in permanent regimen.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo para implementação de um controle de limitação do torque eletromagnético produzido pelo motor de indução trifásico para aplicação em chaves eletrônicas de partida suave. O método proposto é baseado na estimação do torque eletromagnético através da medição das correntes e tensões estatóricas. Os problemas relacionados à estimação do fluxo estatórico através da integração da força contra eletromotriz são minimizados com a utilização de filtros passa baixa no lugar dos integradores puros e de filtros passa alta nas leituras analógicas das tensões e correntes estatóricas. Os erros de amplitude e fase devidos aos processos de filtragem são reduzidos com a utilização de um fator de correção na etapa final de integração. Resultados experimentais validam o método proposto mostrando a viabilidade de sua aplicação no controle dos processos de partida e parada do motor de indução trifásico, possibilitando assim, a aplicação das chaves eletrônicas de partida suave - a qualquer tipo de carga - que não necessite da variação de velocidade em regime permanente
Jorge, André Antunes. "Modelagem, aplicação e análise de técnicas de controle em uma cadeira motorizada híbrida." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textDionisio, Valdeci Carlos. "Estudo do controle motor nas fases ascendente e descendente do agachamento em sujeitos saudaveis e portadores da sindrome da dor femoro-patelar (SDFP)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314243.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A síndrome da dor fêmoro-patelar (SDFP) acomete uma em cada quatro pessoas da população em geral, e é composta por várias lesões que acometem a articulação fêmoro-patelar. O tratamento fisioterapêutico é fundamental na reabilitação dos portadores dessa síndrome, e que tem como uma de suas principais ferramentas o treinamento em cadeia cinética fechada. Dentre as várias formas de realizar esse treinamento, o agachamento é uma das mais utilizadas. Contudo, quando realizado o agachamento, a pessoa nem sempre tem o controle adequado da posição do tronco e dos membros, o que pode favorecer diferentes padrões cinemáticos, cinéticos e eletromiográficos. Portanto o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e descrever a estratégia cinética e eletromiográfica usada para realizar o agachamento nas fases ascendente e descendente em sujeitos saudáveis e portadores da SDFP, quando os movimentos são restritos no plano sagital, com padrão cinemático similar na maioria das articulações envolvidas. Oito sujeitos saudáveis e oito portadores da SDFP participaram deste estudo e realizaram o agachamento mantendo os braços flexionados à frente do corpo em duas distâncias, semi-agachamento (de 30º a 50º) e meio-agachamento (de 60º a 80º) na fase descendente. Para a fase ascendente eles realizaram a subida a partir do meio-agachamento. A atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo, vasto medial longo, reto femoral, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral, semitendinoso, gastrocnêmio lateral e tibial anterior foi registrada. A cinemática das articulações do membro inferior foi reconstruída utilizando-se um sistema óptico de análise de movimento. O centro de pressão (COP) foi obtido utilizando-se dados de uma plataforma de força, e os torques no tornozelo e joelho foram calculados por meio da dinâmica inversa. As tarefas foram eficazes em restringir o movimento no sentido céfalo-caudal em ambos os grupos. Também foi possível identificar e descrever uma estratégia clara para ambas as fases ascendente e descendente do agachamento. O músculo tibial anterior foi o responsável por iniciar o agachamento na fase descendente e se manteve coativado com o gastrocnêmio durante todo o movimento. O quadríceps foi o principal responsável em desacelerar o movimento e não houve grande atividade dos isquiotibiais. Comparado com o grupo controle, o grupo SDFP apresentou menor torque no joelho e menor atividade eletromiográfica do quadríceps, mas o torque no tornozelo e o deslocamento anterior do COP foram maiores durante as duas distâncias, na fase descendente do agachamento. Para a fase ascendente do agachamento, o grupo SDFP apresentou diferença na posição inicial, revelando uma estratégia protetora da articulação fêmoro-patelar. Antes de iniciar o movimento, houve forte ativação do quadríceps, isquiotibiais e gastrocnêmio para vencer a ação gravitacional em ambos os grupos. Comparado com o grupo controle, o grupo SDFP apresentou menor torque no joelho e menor atividade eletromiográfica do quadríceps, mas o torque no tornozelo e o deslocamento anterior do COP foram maiores. As fases de cada tarefa foram descritas e as implicações clínicas discutidas. Palavras chave: torque, centro de pressão, eletromiografia, patela, agachamento
Abstract: The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) affects one in four people in the general population, and is composed of several lesions of the patellofemoral joint. The physical therapy is essential for the rehabilitation of the population with this syndrome, and one of its main tools is the training in closed kinetic chain. Among the several ways of performing that training, the squat is one of the most used. However, when performing it, a person does not always have a proper control of the position of the trunk and of the limbs, what can produce different kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic patterns. Therefore, the present study had as an objective identifying and describing the kinetic and electromyographic strategy used to perform the squat in the ascending and descending phases by people with and without PFPS, when the movements are restricted in the sagittal plane, with a similar kinematic pattern in most of the involved joints. Eight healthy subjects and eight with PFPS participated in this study and they performed the squat keeping the upper arm elevated at 90º at the shoulder joint, just in front of the body in two distances, semisquatting (30º to 50º) and half squatting (60º to 80º) in the descending phase. For the ascending phase they performed the ascent from the half squatting. The electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus medialis longus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendineous, gastrocnemius lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles was registered. The joint kinematics of the inferior limbs was reconstructed using an optical system for movement analysis. The center of the pressure (COP) was obtained using data from a force plate and the joint torques in the ankle and knee were calculated using inverse dynamics. The tasks were effective in restricting the movement in the cefalo-caudal direction for both groups. Moreover, it was possible to identify and to describe a clear strategy for both the ascending and the descending phases of the squat. The anterior tibialis muscle was the responsible for beginning the squatting in the descending phase, and kept co-activated with the gastrocnemius during the whole movement. The quadriceps was mainly responsible for decelerating the movement and there was not great activity of the hamstrings. Compared to the control group, the PFPS group presented smaller knee torque and smaller quadriceps electromyographic activity, but the ankle torque and the COP displacement to the anterior direction were larger in the two distances, in the descending phase of the squatting. For the ascending phase of the squatting the PFPS group presented difference in the initial position, revealing a protecting strategy for the patellofemoral joint. Before beginning the movement, there was a strong activation of the quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius. This was necessary for the motor control system to generate the forces that overcome the inertia of the limb and resist the flexion force acting on the knee due to gravity in both groups. Compared to the control group, the PFPS group presented smaller torque in the knee and smaller electromyographic activity of the quadriceps, but the ankle torque and the COP displacement to the anterior direction were larger. The phases of each task were described and clinical implications were discussed. Key words: torque, center of the pressure, electromyographic activity, patella, squat
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Elias, Leonardo Abdala. "Modelagem e simulação do sistema neuromuscular responsável pelo controle do torque gerado na articulação do tornozelo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-02102013-150228/.
Full textThe neurophysiological control of movement has been studied from several standpoints. Human experiments are performed during the execution of a given motor task and, frequently, by applying an external stimulation (electrical, magnetic, or mechanical) to the neuromuscular system. These experiments provide a large amount of data concerning the functioning of the neuronal networks and biomechanical actuators involved in the procedures. Nonetheless, some experimental findings remain puzzling, so that other available resources should be used to clarify what mechanisms are behind these results. In this vein, the mathematical modeling and computer simulations are invaluable tools that may be used to better understand the neurophysiological and biomechanical mechanisms underlying the motor control. The present PhD thesis aimed at providing a biologically plausible neuromusculoskeletal model that was used to study different mechanisms involved in the control of the ankle joint torque. This model was based on a previous neuromuscular model, which did not employ several elements that are fundamental to a comprehensive evaluation of the motor system. The novel proposed model encompasses motor neuron models with active dendrites, muscle proprioceptors responsible for the short- and medium-latency reflex pathways, muscle models with the main viscoelastic features, and a biomechanical model of the human body during upright stance. It was applied to a series of problems frequently related to the functioning of the neuromusculoskeletal system and its main outcomes provided important theoretical bases for a set of experimental findings.
Tabares, Harrison García. "Controle direto de torque aplicado em aerogeradores que empregam o gerador de indução com rotor bobinado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2014.
Devido as preocupações com a redu¸c¿ao do uso dos recursos f'osseis e das emiss¿oes de CO2 ocasionadas pelos mesmos, o interesse no uso de energias renov 'aveis aumentou, sendo uma destas fontes a energia e'olica. O Gerador de Indu¸c¿ao de Rotor Bobinado (GIRB) tem demonstrado ser uma ferramenta capaz de otimizar o uso da energia e'olica, dada a sua alta efici¿encia, rentabilidade e robustez mec¿anica, ainda assim 'e necess'ario superar os numerosos desafios que est¿ao presentes nesta tecnologia, tais como qualidade da pot¿encia, estabilidade da rede, entre outros. O objetivo desta pesquisa se concentra no estudo de t'ecnicas de controle de pot¿encia fornecida pelo GIRB aplicado a sistemas de gera¸c¿ao e'olica. No presente caso, o sistema de gera¸c¿ao 'e composto por um GIRB com seu estator conectado diretamente 'a rede e seu rotor 'e conectado 'a rede atrav'es de um conversor bidirecional. Prop¿oe-se estudar o m'etodo de controle direto de torque (CDT) com emprego de controladores PI e por modos deslizantes (SMC) mais PI. O controle direto de torque 'e uma t'ecnica de alto desempenho din¿amico e possibilita o controle independente do torque e fluxo do gerador o que possibilitar'a o controle das pot¿encias ativa e reativa do GIRB. Da mesma forma, 'e estudado o conversor para o processamento da energia gerada. As simula¸c¿oes baseadas em modelos matem'aticos destes m'etodos de controle foram revistos, analisados e comparados com as simula¸c¿oes de textos de refer¿encia. Resultados experimentais obtidos em uma bancada validaram o prot'otipo proposto.
Due to concerns about reducing the use of fossil resources and the CO2 emissions caused by them, interest in the use of renewable energy increased, one of these sources is wind energy. The Wound Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG) has been proved to be a tool to optimize the use of wind energy, given its high efficiency, profitability and mechanical robustness, it is still necessary to overcome the many challenges that are present in this technology, such as power quality, grid stability, among others. This research focuses on the study of control techniques for power supply by WRIG applied to wind generation systems. In this case, the generation system consists of a stator WRIG is connected directly to the electrical network and its rotor too, but via a bidirectional converter. It is proposed to study the method of direct torque control (DTC) with the use of PI and sliding mode controllers (SMC) more PI. The direct torque control is a technique of high dynamic performance and enables independent control of torque and flux generator, which will enable the control of active and reactive power ofWRIG. Likewise, it is studied the converter for processing the generated power. The simulations based on mathematical models of these control methods were reviewed , analyzed and compared with simulations of reference texts . Experimental results obtained on a bench validated the proposed prototype.
Eliasson, Godonou Samuel. "Dynamic torque clutch control for heavy duty vehicles using a backlash size and position observer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329019.
Full textMarques, Luiz Carlos de Souza. "Controle de torque do motor de indução com a consideração de incertezas paramétricas : abordagem baseada na energia /." Florianópolis, SC, 1996. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76953.
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Winkler, Alexander. "Sensorgeführte Bewegungen stationärer Roboter." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2014. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20403.
Full textThis work deals with so-called sensor guided robot motions, which means using the data of external sensors to control the robot. The control loop of the sensor guided robot motion can be only closed around the position control loop, because industrial robot systems usually work position controlled and only access to the desired positions is enabled. For this reason here only position based control approaches are regarded. Force/torque control is a very important type of sensor guided robot motions. According to this, a good portion of this work deals with the subject of force/torque control. Thus, the acceptance of force/torque control in industrial production processes should be increased, by using innovative and clear control algorithms. For this purpose force control in one degree of freedom, contour-following, force/torque controlled assembling tasks and the cooperation between robots are discussed here in different chapters. Thereafter, a concept to collision avoidance between robots and obstacles is presented. It uses the approach of virtual potential/force fields. In this case the artificial field induces a robot motion away from the obstacle. The method of artificial charges is developed to generate this field. For this purpose virtual charges are placed on the surface of the obstacles. Placing of the charges can be performed using e.g. CAD data of the obstacles. Having moving obstacles charge positions must be updated continuously. The inverted pendulum is commonly used teaching students in control theory. The swinging up and the stabilization of the pendulum also can be performed by an industrial robot. One chapter of this work deals with modelling of the robot mounted inverted pendulum and control algorithms for its swinging up and its stabilization. Finally, in combination with the inverted pendulum a visual-servoing system is presented, which measures the pendulum inclination angle by camera. All concepts introduced in this work are verified by practical experiments.
Guazzelli, Paulo Roberto Ubaldo. "Controle preditivo de torque do motor de indução com otimização dos fatores de ponderação por algoritmo genético multiobjetivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-23032017-094031/.
Full textThis work investigates the application of a multi-objective genetic algorithm to obtain a set of weighting factors suitable for use in Model Predictive Torque Control (MPTC) of a induction motor variable speed drive. MPTC approach aims at minimizing a cost function at each step, and is highlighted for its fast torque response, facility to incorporate system constraints and the absence of voltage modulators. Nevertheless, MPTC structure presents weighting factors in the cost function which lack of an analytical design procedure. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was designed for a trade-off between torque and flux ripples minimization and minimization of the average switching frequency of the system. Simulated and experimental results showed NSGA-II offered a Pareto set of feasible solutions, so that torque ripple, flux ripple or average switching frequency can be minimized, depending on the solution chosen according to project demand. Thereby, there is a project tool for MPTC weighting factors able to adjust several factor at the same time, incorporating desired restrictions.
Oliveira, Jacson Luís de. "Avaliação de estratégias de controle do motor de indução monofásico." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2074.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The goal of the present work is to evaluate control schemes which were developed to control the three-phase induction motor, applied in this work to control the single-phase induction motor. The development of control schemes to control fractional power electrical machines such as the single-phase induction motor has been in evidence due to the needs of improvements on efficiency energy demanded by the market. The constructive aspects of this motor does not allow to apply control schemes directly. Thus, it is necessary to model the single-phase induction motor as a two-phase motor. The model considers coordinates transformations to stationary systems. To fix the asymmetry of the motor windings, a symmetry transformation is required to apply the control schemes. Classical control schemes based on field-oriented control and direct torque control were evaluated. Numerical simulations were performed to review how these control schemes work and to verify the feasibility of experimental implementation. For control schemes based on field-oriented control, the rotor flux oriented control and the stator flux oriented control were evaluated. Some constraints on the classical direct torque control were noted due to the high switching frequencies. An alternative to the classical direct torque control to allow constant switching frequencies was evaluated. Experimental results were found by using a hardware system based on digital signal processor.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar estratégias de controle, originalmente desenvolvidas para controlar o motor de indução trifásico, aqui aplicadas ao controle motor de indução monofásico. O desenvolvimento de estratégias que abordam o controle de motores de potência fracionária tal como o motor de indução monofásico tem tido maior destaque devido a necessidade de melhorias na eficiência energética exigida pelo mercado. As características construtivas deste motor não permitem a aplicação direta destas estratégias, de modo que o modelamento do motor de indução monofásico deve ser realizado afim de obter o modelo em sua configuração bifásica. O modelo considera a transformação de coordenadas para um sistema de eixo estacionário e, para compensar a assimetria dos enrolamentos uma transformação de simetria é necessária para a aplicação das estratégias de controle. Foram avaliadas estratégias clássicas baseadas no controle por orientação de campo e controle direto de torque. Um estudo de simulação numérica é realizado para avaliar o comportamento destas estratégias de controle e verificar a viabilidade de implementação prática. Nas estratégias de controle por orientação de campo são analisados o controle vetorial com orientação por fluxo de rotor e o controle vetorial com orientação por fluxo de estator. Observou-se que há restrições na implementação prática de estratégias de controle baseadas no controle direto de torque clássico devido as altas freqüências de chaveamento requeridas. Uma alternativa ao controle direto de torque clássico que permite o uso de frequências fixas de chaveamento é avaliada. Resultados experimentais foram obtidos utilizando uma plataforma de hardware com processador digital de sinais.
Oliveira, Eduardo Silverio de. "Da torre de babel à torre de controle: desmistificando a linguagem dos céus. Um estudo descritivo da língua franca utilizada na comunicação piloto-controlador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-05102007-111948/.
Full textThe lingua franca used in the communication between pilots and controllers is still not well known in the academic community. Few studies about its use and mapping of its main linguistic characteristics have been made. This theoretical research introduces an accurate study on the language used in the activity of air traffic controllers and develops a descriptive study of the lingua franca used in the communication between pilots and controllers, in order to identify its main linguistic characteristics towards material production. By using the method developed by Professor André Camlong and the computational tool STABLEX, an objective descriptive and inductive analysis of a linguistic corpus constituted by the language used in the ATC specialty has been conducted. The aim of this work is to provide language teachers with subsides for ATC material production hence helping teachers to elaborate materials that meet the very specific needs of their students based on the real needs of the stakeholders so as they can establish a more fruitful and efficient language teaching and learning process.
Watanabe, Renato Naville. "Simulação computacional do sistema neuromuscular para o estudo da variabilidade do torque exercido durante uma flexão plantar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-30032012-123747/.
Full textThe muscle force variability, usually in a constant and isometric force task, has been studied both experimentally and using computational tools. However, most studies using computer simulations have been made on tasks that use only one muscle, usually in the hand. As far as is known, no study has analyzed, either theoretically or experimentally, the overall behavior of the torque variability during plantar flexion. Therefore, this work aims to study the plantar flexion torque variability by means of mathematical models and simulations, comparing the results with those obtained in human experiments carried out locally. A first attempt was made using a Hill-type muscle contraction model activated by the electromyogram obtained from each of the three triceps surae muscles. This approach was not successful in terms of reproducing the torque variability results obtained from humans, although it estimated well the average value of plantar flexion torque. This inability to reproduce the torque variability found in experimental data was probably due to the information loss in the electromyogram of the spike times of motoneurons. In a second approach, the firing of individual motoneuron were obtained from a neuromuscular simulator developed locally, called ReMoto, capable of providing the spike times of all motoneuron models that activate each muscle and the respective muscle force. The latter is generated in the simulator from the forces generated by each motor unit that composes the muscle. However, the ReMoto original version was almost completely parameterized using data from cats and, hence, it was necessary to modify various parameter values (such as motor unit twitchs and action potential amplitudes) and models (such as the recruitment threshold and force saturation) before using the simulator to study torque variability in humans. Besides the second order twitch model already implemented in the original version of the simulator, two other models were implemented in this work. One was a more refined twitch model and the second was a Hill-type model modified to be activated by the ReMoto simulator motoneuron pool. New simulations were run with the new version of the simulator (adapted to human data) and the fittings to the experimental data (torque and electomyogram envelope variability) were good, suggesting that the models in the simulator are a reasonable representation of what occurs in the living human being.
Sá, Franciéli Lima de. "Estudo do acionamento do motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes: abordagem baseada no controle vetorial com ângulo de torque constante." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1904.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work is introduced a study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), involving issues about constructive characteristics, modeling, control and simulation. Initially, are studied the constructive characteristics, principally in that refers of the magnets disposition in the rotor. Then, are shown some applications for the PMSM. The mathematic model of PMSM is developed starting of stationary reference frame and utilizing the rotation transformation for obtain the equations of currents and voltage in the rotor reference frame. The feed shape of the PMSM is an analysis of extreme importance in the study of this motor, for this reason also is show in this work. The vector control is analyzed in the sequence, utilizing the direct method for the rotor flux and considering the approach with Constant torque control. Are presents some techniques for the design of controllers of speed and current loops. Through the performed simulations, are analyzed and compared the several technical approached. The results obtained show that the vector control approach with constant torque angle applied to the PMSM presents a good dynamic response for motor drive.
Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo do Motor Síncrono de Ímãs Permanentes (MSIP) envolvendo questões pertinentes às características construtivas, modelamento, controle e simulação. Inicialmente, são estudadas as características construtivas, principalmente no que se refere à disposição dos ímãs no rotor. Em seguida são mostradas algumas aplicações para o MSIP. O modelo matemático do MSIP é desenvolvido partindo do referencial estacionário e utilizando a transformação de rotação para se obter as equações de corrente e tensão no referencial girante. A forma de alimentação do MSIP é uma análise de extrema importância no estudo deste motor, e por esta razão também é mostrada neste trabalho. O controle vetorial é analisado na seqüência, utilizando o método direto pelo fluxo de rotor e considerando a abordagem com controle de torque constante. São apresentadas algumas técnicas para o projeto dos controladores das malhas de corrente e velocidade. Através das simulações realizadas, são analisadas e comparadas as diversas técnicas abordadas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o controle vetorial com abordagem do ângulo de torque constante aplicado ao MSIP apresenta uma boa resposta dinâmica para o acionamento do motor.
Hayashida, Paulo Alexandre Pizara. "Desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de controle de detonação para otimização do torque em um motor de combustão interna flex." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-24092018-074932/.
Full textThe present investigation explores the electronic management of internal combustion engines flex fuel, in which the focus is the development of a strategy for the spark advance angle as function of the abnormal combustion occurrence known ad Knock, in order to maximize the output torque. First, a method is developed for measuring the fuel composition and correction of the injection time and spark advance angle parameters through a fuel composition sensor. This parameter is defined through maps that work as an open loop system. Then, a method for detection of knock is developed, the peculiarities of the phenomenon are studied for different fuel compositions and the relationship of the phenomenon with the variation of the exhaust gas temperature and the engine output torque. Through the method of detection and the study of the phenomenon, an algorithm is developed to control the spark advance angle due to the knock occurrence, in which the approach allows the system to increase the angle when there is no occurrence of knock, but this additional angle is reduced when knock is detected. Engine management is performed through a development ECU model Flex-ECU, management algorithms are developed through the ASCET platform and data acquisition and calibration of and parameters is performed through a measurement and calibration platform. The result that the spark advance angle control brings to the engine torque output is analyzed and discussed depending on the rotation and the fuel composition used.