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Bryson, Cabezas Jennifer Leslye, Calderon Gledy Marisol Chochoca, Rios Ana Luisa Ochoa, and Mayhua Merly Haydee Quirquihuaña. "Torito." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653139.
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Torito es una aplicación que busca combatir la constante informalidad en los servicios de transporte en Lima al invitar a los conductores, que buscan generar ingresos adicionales, a un trabajo formal; y a usuarios, que requieran movilizarse en cortas distancias, a un servicio de transporte seguro y confiable
Torito cobrará a los conductores suscritos una comisión del 20%, la cual se efectuará del precio total del servicio de traslado.
En una primera etapa, Torito estará disponible en San Juan de Miraflores, con un plan de expansión para los próximos 5 años, que abarca los distritos de Lima Sur y Lima Este.
Este servicio es totalmente posible, ya que está alineado a las necesidades de los clientes que usan diariamente el servicio de mototaxi para acercarlos a los paraderos, centros de trabajo y a otros destinos.
Finalmente, en el análisis financiero, se demostró que Torito es un negocio viable y rentable, debido a que la Tasa Interna de Retorno es de 24.21%, que significa que Torito generará valor a sus inversionistas. Además, se podrá recuperar la inversión en un plazo máximo de 4 años.Torito is an application that seeks to combat the constant informality in transportation services in Lima by inviting both drivers, who seek to generate additional income, to a formal job; and customers, who need to move around short distances, to a safe and reliable transportation service. Torito will charge subscribed drivers a 20% commission, which will be taken from the service fee. In a first stage, Torito will be available in San Juan de Miraflores, with an expansion plan for the next 5 years, covering the districts of southern Lima and eastern Lima. This service is totally possible, since it is aligned to the needs of the customers who use the motorcycle taxi service daily to bring them closer to the bus stops, work centers and other destinations. Finally, in the financial analysis, it was shown that Torito is a viable and profitable business, since the Internal Rate of Return is 24.21%, which means that Torito will generate value for its investors. In addition, the investment can be recovered within a maximum period of 4 years.
Trabajo de investigación
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French, Josephine. "Toric chiral algebras." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e16ac71b-7634-48e4-971e-cda490c95f07.
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In this thesis, we investigate lattice chiral algebras as defined by Beilinson and Drinfeld. Given a factorisation monoid satisfying specific conditions and a super extension of this, Beilinson and Drinfeld show that one can push forward this line bundle (super extension) to give a factorisation algebra. Specifically, they describe this in the case of the factorisation monoid formed by taking Г-valued divisors set-theoretically supported over each divisor, for Г a lattice, as a method of constructing these lattice chiral algebras. In this work, we show that their definitions of such divisors, and of line bundles with factorisation on these, generalise to a wider class of objects given by taking coefficients in any cone, C, in a lattice. We show that, in this more general case, the functors of C-valued divisors with settheoretic pullback contained in S are ind-schemes, and, from this, that they form a factorisation monoid. Further, we show that super line bundles with factorisation exist on this factorisation monoid, and that if we have a super line bundle with factorisation on the factorisation monoid of C-valued divisors, we can push forward such a line bundle to get a chiral (factorisation) algebra as for lattices. Hence, we obtain a new class of chiral algebras via this procedure, which we call toric chiral algebras.
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Nill, Benjamin. "Gorenstein toric Fano varieties." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976200414.
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Jiang, Yunfeng. "Toric orbifold Chow rings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30895.
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In this thesis we study the orbifold Chow ring of smooth Deligne-Mumford
stacks which are related to toric models. We give a new quotient construction
of toric Deligne-Mumford stacks defined by Borisov-Chen-Smith such that toric
Deligne-Mumford stacks have more representations as quotient stacks. We define
toric stack bundles using this new construction and compute their orbifold Chow
rings. As an interesting application, we compute the orbifold Chow ring of finite
abelian gerbes over smooth schemes.
The extended stacky fans we introduced are used to give a new quotient
construction of toric Deligne-Mumford stacks. These new combinatorial data have
relations to stacky hyperplane arrangements, i.e. every stacky hyperplane arrangement
determines an extended stacky fan. The hyperplane arrangement determines
the topology of the associated hypertoric varieties. We define hypertoric Deligne-
Mumford stacks using stacky hyperplane arrangements, generalizing the construction
of Hausel and Sturmfels. Their orbifold Chow rings are computed as well.
Borisov, Chen and Smith computed the orbifold Chow ring of projective
toric Deligne-Mumford stacks. We generalize their formula to semi-projective toric
Deligne-Mumford stacks. The hypertoric Deligne-Mumford stack is a closed substack
of the Lawrence toric Deligne-Mumford stack associated to the stacky hyperplane
arrangement which is semi-projective, but not projective. We prove that the
orbifold Chow ring of a Lawrence toric Deligne-Mumford stack is isomorphic to the
orbifold Chow ring of its associated hypertoric Deligne-Mumford stack. This is the
orbifold Chow ring analogue of a result of Hausel and Sturmfels.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Shchuplev, Alexey. "Toric varieties and residues." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6870.
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Wilfong, Andrew. "TORIC VARIETIES AND COBORDISM." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/math_etds/8.
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A long-standing problem in cobordism theory has been to find convenient manifolds to represent cobordism classes. For example, in the late 1950's, Hirzebruch asked which complex cobordism classes can be represented by smooth connected algebraic varieties. This question is still open. Progress can be made on this and related problems by studying certain convenient connected algebraic varieties, namely smooth projective toric varieties. The primary focus of this dissertation is to determine which complex cobordism classes can be represented by smooth projective toric varieties. A complete answer is given up to dimension six, and a partial answer is described in dimension eight. In addition, the role of smooth projective toric varieties in the polynomial ring structure of complex cobordism is examined. More specifically, smooth projective toric varieties are constructed as polynomial ring generators in most dimensions, and evidence is presented suggesting that a smooth projective toric variety can be chosen as a polynomial generator in every dimension. Finally, toric varieties with an additional fiber bundle structure are used to study some manifolds in oriented cobordism. In particular, manifolds with certain fiber bundle structures are shown to all be cobordant to zero in the oriented cobordism ring.
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Lundqvist, Erik. "Hotell Vått & Torrt." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168498.
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Sumering av projekt Det är något speciellt med ett hotell. Livet ur ett privat och offentligt perspektiv kokas ihop på en liten yta. I staden fungerar hotellet som mötesplats mellan det lokala och världen utanför. På vår tomt i Mariefred handlar det om krocken mellan den närliggande stadskärnan, Gripsholms slott och de med bil, ångbåt eller tåg anländande besökarna. Platsen har dock ett problem. Med en marknivå som knappt ligger över Mälarens vattenyta är tomten extremt känslig för översvämning och mättas ofta vid kraftiga regn. Ur denna förutsättning reser sig hotellet Vått & Torrt, en byggnad som vänt problemet till möjlighet och utnyttjat vattnets förmåga att stimulera våra mänskliga sinnen såväl som att skapa en ekologiskt hållbar plats. Hotellets rum formas runt en sänkning i tomten, som hamnar under grundvattennivån, och kan på så sätt få vatten att stå likt i en våtmark. En stilla morgon sitter gästerna och äter frukostbuffé på bryggan akompanjerat av en galande anka och vassen sus. På kvällen speglar sig festvåningens galej i vattnet och skapar ett ljusspel som får de sent anländande tågresenärerna att börja packa upp i jakt efter systemkameran redan på perrongen. Det sista den gamle tanten som hyrt rum nr 4 på plan 1 med balkongläge mot söder hör innan hon somnar i den gedigna hotellsängen är en kväkande skogsgroda. Exemplen ovan beskriver en ny typ av mötesplats där hotellets sociala rum gifter sig med naturresursen vatten. Min övertygelse är att alltid hitta platsens inneboende krafter i ett tidigt skede och skapa projektet utifrån dessa. På så sätt blir överaskningarna efter bygget övervägande positiva! För vem vill inte möta en gås på fönsterbläcket?Summary of project There is something perticular about a hotel. Life from a private/public perspective are mould together on a small area. In the city the hotel functions as a meating point between the local and world around. On our site in Mariefred, the interesting is the clash between the small but dense city core and the parks that surrounds the castle of Gripsholm where there´s a big flow of visitiors arriving by car, steamboat or locomotive. The site has a problem. The groundlevel is just above lake Mälarens sealevel and thereby it´s very sensitive to flooding during heavy rain and snow melting. Out of these conditions the hotel "Vått & Torrt" are rising. A building that has turned the problem into a posibilty and uses the water to create a more sustainable place that also gives something nice to our human senses. The hotel are shaped around a lower on the plot, which has it´s ground level below the sea in order to make the water sustain on the site.
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Iakovidis, Nikolaos. "Geometry of Toric Manifolds." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277709.
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This project is an overview of Hamiltonian geometry on Kahler manifolds and of Kähler reduction. In the first section we define complex manifolds, give their basic properties and build some structures on them. We are mainly interested in Kähler manifolds which are a subset of symplectic manifolds. In the second section we discuss group actions on manifolds. We are only concerned with Hamiltonian actions for which we can compute their moment maps. From these we prove how to construct new manifolds using a process called Kähler reduction. Finally we define toric manifolds and review Delzant polytopes and their corresponding manifolds. In the third section we present detailed examples in order to clarify all previously given definitions.
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Rabenau, Merten. "Studien zum Buch Tobit /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357301098.
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Texte remanié de: Promotionsschrift--Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie--Marburg--Philipps-Universität, 1992.Contient en annexe la trad. allemande du Livre de Tobie. Bibliogr. p. [201]-225. Index.
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Duarte, Andrés Daniel. "Nash modification on toric surfaces and higher Nash blowup on normal toric varieties." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2127/.
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Dans la première partie de la thèse on étudie un algorithme combinatoire qui correspond à l'itération de la modification de Nash d'une variété torique. On montre que, dans le cas de la dimension deux, cet algorithme s'arrête pour certains choix de cartes affines de la modification de Nash. De plus, on donne une borne pour le nombre d'itérations nécessaire pour que l'algorithme s'arrête dans les cas que l'on considère. Soit C(x_1,x_2) le corps des fonctions d'une surface torique. Alors notre résultat implique que pour toute valuation v centrée sur la surface torique tel que v(x_1) n'est pas un multiple irrationnel de v(x_2), une itération finie de la modification de Nash donne une uniformisation locale le long de cette valuation. Dans la deuxième partie on étudie la notion d'éclatement de Nash supérieur d'une variété algébrique. Cette notion consiste à remplacer des points singuliers par des limites de certains espaces vectoriels associés aux points non singuliers de la variété. On donne une description combinatoire de l'éclatement de Nash supérieur dans le cas de variétés toriques normales. En utilisant cette description, on montre que l'analogue du théorème de Nobile sur l'éclatement de Nash usuel est aussi valide dans ce contexte. Plus précisément, on montre que pour une variété torique normale, l'éclatement de Nash supérieur est un isomorphisme si et seulement si la variété est non singulièreIn the first part of the thesis we explore a combinatorial algorithm that corresponds to the iteration of Nash modification on not necessarily normal toric varieties. We show that for toric surfaces this algorithm stops for certain choices of affine charts of the Nash modification. In addition, we give a bound on the number of steps required for the algorithm to stop in the cases we consider. Let C(x_1,x_2) be the field of rational functions of a toric surface. Then our result implies that for any valuation v centered on the toric surface such that v(x_1) is not an irrational multiple of v(x_2), a finite iteration of Nash modification gives local uniformization along this valuation. In the second part of the thesis we explore the notion of higher Nash blowup of an algebraic variety which is a modification that replaces singular points with limits of certain spaces carrying higher order data associated to the variety at non-singular points. In the case of normal toric varieties we give a combinatorial description of the higher Nash blowup in terms of a Groebner fan. This description allow us to prove the analogous of Nobile's theorem on the usual Nash blowup in this context. More precisely, we prove that for a normal toric variety, the higher Nash blowup is an isomorphism if and only if the variety is non-singular
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Freedman, Margot. "Paternalistic tort law." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1425588.
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Goudkamp, James. "Tort law defences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539957.
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PEREIRA, WALTER. "Transformacao de sulfato de torio em nitrato de torio por resina de troca ionica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1991. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10266.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado) - IPEN
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Bouchard, Vincent. "Toric geometry and string theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419251.
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Snurnikov, Vadim. "Quotients of canonical toric singularities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620635.
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Wehrheim, Jan. "Vortex invariants and toric manifolds." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9144/.
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Marciniak, Malgorzata Aneta. "Holomorphic extensions in toric varieties." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Marciniak_09007dcc8063d852.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 29, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-144).
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GOMES, LUCIANO F. "Uso de um misturador-decantador na purificacao de torio proveniente do hidroxido de torio bruto." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11167.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Hötte, Heike. "Eine Verallgemeinerung komplexer Tori." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972090606.
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Alexander, Nicholas Charles. "Algebraic Tori in Cryptography." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1154.
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Communicating bits over a network is expensive. Therefore, cryptosystems that transmit as little data as possible are valuable. This thesis studies several cryptosystems that require significantly less bandwidth than conventional analogues. The systems we study, called torus-based cryptosystems, were analyzed by Karl Rubin and Alice Silverberg in 2003 [RS03]. They interpreted the XTR [LV00] and LUC [SL93] cryptosystems in terms of quotients of algebraic tori and birational parameterizations, and they also presented CEILIDH, a new torus-based cryptosystem. This thesis introduces the geometry of algebraic tori, uses it to explain the XTR, LUC, and CEILIDH cryptosystems, and presents torus-based extensions of van Dijk, Woodruff, et al. [vDW04, vDGP+05] that require even less bandwidth. In addition, a new algorithm of Granger and Vercauteren [GV05] that attacks the security of torus-based cryptosystems is presented. Finally, we list some open research problems.
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Agosti, Claudia. "Cohomology of hyperplane and toric arrangements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19510/.
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L'algebra di coomologia del complementare di un arrangiamento torico è più complicata di quella del complementare di un arrangiamento di iperpiani, in quanto il toro complesso ha già di per sè una coomologia non banale e perchè l'intersezione di due sottotori in generale non è connessa. Nel 2005, De Concini e Procesi si sono concentrati sullo studio dell'algebra di coomologia del complementare degli arrangiamenti torici nel quale le intersezioni di sottotori sono sempre connesse (arrangiamenti torici unimodulari) ottenendone una presentazione sullo stile di quella data da Orlik e Solomon per gli arrangiamenti di iperpiani. Nel 2018, Callegaro, D'Adderio, Delucchi, Migliorini e Pagaria hanno generalizzato il lavoro di De Concini e Procesi fornendo una presentazione, sempre sullo stile di quella data da Orlik e Solomon, dell'algebra di coomologia di un generico arrangiamento torico. In questa tesi descriviamo tali presentazioni dell'algebra di coomologia, soffermandoci in particolare su alcuni esempi.
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Pondini, Andrea. "Quantum error correction e toric code." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21053/.
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L'elaborato studia la Quantum Error Correction, ovvero quella branca del Quantum Computing che studia gli errori nella computazione e come correggerli. Questo campo è di fondamentale importanza nella costruzione di computer quantistici, in cui l'interazione con l'ambiente porta rumore alla computazione e perdita di coerenza degli stati del sistema. Particolare attenzione è posta nello studio degli Stabilizer Codes, una particolare categoria di Quantum Error Correcting Codes. Tra questi si studia il Toric Code, esempio peculiare di stabilizer code ordinato topologicamente. Le peculiarità del codice sono conseguenza della sua definizione su un reticolo immerso in una superficie toroidale, come suggerisce il nome.
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Burton, Lucy. "Toric varieties as analytic Zariski structures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491329.
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The possible model theoretic compactifications of a cover of the muliplicative group of a field are discussed. The members of a large class of such compactifications are shown to be covers of toric varieties. The structure of the members of this class is shown to be Analytic Zariski on a dense open subset. Some equivalences between model theoretic notions and those of toric geometry are established. An elimination of imaginaries result is proved for the theory of the covers. The notion of universality for a class is introduced. Some connections with mirror symmetry are discussed.
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Hallermayer, Michaela. "Text und Überlieferung des Buches Tobit /." Berlin [u.a.] : de Gruyter, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2998906&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Pokorny, Florian Till. "Bergman kernel on toric Kahler manifolds." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5301.
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Let (L,h) → (X,ω) be a compact toric polarized Kahler manifold of complex dimension n. For each k ε N, the fibre-wise Hermitian metric hk on Lk induces a natural inner product on the vector space C∞(X,Lk) of smooth global sections of Lk by integration with respect to the volume form ωn /n! . The orthogonal projection Pk : C∞(X,Lk) → H0(X,Lk) onto the space H0(X,Lk) of global holomorphic sections of Lk is represented by an integral kernel Bk which is called the Bergman kernel (with parameter k ε N). The restriction ρk : X → R of the norm of Bk to the diagonal in X × X is called the density function of Bk. On a dense subset of X, we describe a method for computing the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of ρk as k → ∞ in this toric setting. We also provide a direct proof of a result which illuminates the off-diagonal decay behaviour of toric Bergman kernels. We fix a parameter l ε N and consider the projection Pl,k from C∞(X,Lk) onto those global holomorphic sections of Lk that vanish to order at least lk along some toric submanifold of X. There exists an associated toric partial Bergman kernel Bl,k giving rise to a toric partial density function ρl,k : X → R. For such toric partial density functions, we determine new asymptotic expansions over certain subsets of X as k → ∞. Euler-Maclaurin sums and Laplace’s method are utilized as important tools for this. We discuss the case of a polarization of CPn in detail and also investigate the non-compact Bargmann-Fock model with imposed vanishing at the origin. We then discuss the relationship between the slope inequality and the asymptotics of Bergman kernels with vanishing and study how a version of Song and Zelditch’s toric localization of sums result generalizes to arbitrary polarized Kahler manifolds. Finally, we construct families of induced metrics on blow-ups of polarized Kahler manifolds. We relate those metrics to partial density functions and study their properties for a specific blow-up of Cn and CPn in more detail.
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Prabhu-Naik, Nathan. "Tilting bundles and toric Fano varieties." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690721.
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This thesis constructs tilting bundles obtained from full strong exceptional collections of line bundles on all smooth toric Fano fourfolds. The tilting bundles lead to a large class of explicit Calabi-Yau-5 algebras, obtained as the corresponding rolled-up helix algebra. We provide two different methods to show that a collection of line bundles is full, whilst the strong exceptional condition is checked using the package QuiversToricVarieties for the computer algebra system Macaulay2, written by the author. A database of the full strong exceptional collections can also be found in this package.
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Kasprzyk, A. "Toric Fano varieties and convex polytopes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428355.
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In this thesis we study toric Fano varieties. Toric varieties are a particular class of algebraic variety which can be described in terms of combinatorial data. Toric Fano varieties correspond to certain convex lattice polytopes whose boundary lattice points are dictated by the singularities involved. Terminal toric Fano varieties correspond to convex lattice polytopes which contain only the origin as an internal lattice point, and whose boundary lattice points are precisely the vertices of the polytope. The situation is similar for canonical toric Fano varieties, with the exception that the condition on boundary lattice points is relaxed. We call these polytopes terminal (or canonical) Fano polytopes. The heart of this thesis is the development of an approach to classifying Fano polytopes, and hence the associated varieties. This is achieved by ordering the polytopes with respect to inclusion. There exists a finite collection of polytopes which are minimal with respect to this ordering. It is then possible to “grow” these minimal polytopes in order to obtain a complete classification. Critical to this method is the ability to find the minimal polytopes. Their description is inductive, requiring an understanding of the lower-dimensional minimal polytopes. A generalisation of weighted projective space plays a crucial role – the associated simplices form the building blocks of the minimal polytopes. A significant part of this thesis is dedicated to attempting to understand these building blocks. A classification of all toric Fano threefolds with at worst terminal singularities is given. The three-dimensional minimal canonical polytopes are also found, making a complete classification possible.
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Scott, Richard A. (Richard Allan). "Real, complex and quaternionic toric spaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46317.
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Liu, Yang. "Modular curvature for toric noncommutative manifolds." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440121460.
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Delaunay, Claire. "Real structures on compact toric varieties." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13043.
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In this thesis we study real structures on compact toric varieties. After proving that their number (up to conjugation) is finite, we limit ourselves to toric real structures i. E. , real structures that normalize the action of the torus and define equivalencies between them. Then we calculate an upper bound of the number of non-equivalent such structures. We list explicitely the groups generated by toric real structures in dimension 2 and 3 and determine some minimal models for surfaces. We are also interested in the real toric variety. We prove that it is pathwise-connected when it is non-empty and give the complete list of its topological types in case of surfaces and fano-threefolds. We end this work by the application to the toric threefolds equipped with their canonical real structures of a Kollar's conjecture:Is a real hyperbolic connected treefold the real part of some complex projective rational variety ?
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Gualdi, Roberto. "Height of cycles in toric varieties." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0139/document.
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Nous étudions dans cette thése la relation entre certaines hauteurs d'Arakelov de cycles de variétés toriques et les caractéristiques arithmétiques des polynômes de Laurent qui les définissent. Pour cela, nous associons _a un polynôme de Laurent des fonctions concaves que nous appelons fonctions de Ronkin et fonctions supérieures. Nous donnons des bornes supérieures pour la hauteur d'une intersection compléte faisant intervenir les fonctions supérieures associées. Dans le cas d'une hypersurface, nous montrons une formule liant sa hauteur _a la fonction de Ronkin de son polynôme de Laurent. Nous proposons une égalité analogue pour des hauteurs moyennes appropriées en codimension supérieure et nous indiquons une stratégie pour la preuve d'un cas particulier. Dans ces travaux, nous utilisons des notions de géométrie convexe telles que les polytopes, les mesures de Monge-Ampére réelles et la dualité de Legendre- Fenchel de fonctions concaves. Nous les présentons dans un cadre algébrique adapté et nous développons l'étude des intégrales mixtesWe investigate in this work the relation between suitable Arakelov heights of a cycle in a toric variety and the arithmetic features of its defining Laurent polynomials. To this purpose, we associate to a Laurent polynomial certain concave functions which we call Ronkin functions and upper functions. We give upper bounds for the height of a complete intersection in terms of the associated upper functions. For a hypersurfaces, we prove a formula relating its height to the Ronkin function of the associated Laurent polynomial. We conjecture an analogous equality for a suitable average height in higher codimensions and indicate a strategy for the proof of a particular case. In all the treatment, we deal with convex geometrical objects such as polytopes, real Monge-Ampère measures and Legendre-Fenchel duality of concave functions. We suggest an algebraic framework for such a study and deepen the understanding of mixed integrals
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Pagaria, Roberto. "Cohomology and combinatorics of toric arrangements." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85733.
Full textAbstract:
This Ph.D. thesis presents my results obtained in the last three years. These
results have appeared in the following preprints and articles: [Pag19b, Pag19d,
CDD+18, Pag18a, Pag18c, Pag19c, Pag18b, Pag19a, PP19b]. Initially, I investigated toric arrangements, a type of arrangements inspired by the hyperplane
ones. Toric arrangements have been studied intensively in the last fifteen years
both from topological and from combinatorial point of view. My results describe the cohomology ring of toric arrangements and their dependency from
the combinatorial data. Later I have worked on another type of arrangements,
i.e. elliptic arrangements, which are tougher than the toric case. I focused on
the most regular case, i.e. the braid arrangements, that coincides with the
configuration spaces of points in an elliptic curve. I have obtained some results on the unordered configuration space of points in an elliptic curve, and I
have generalized some of them to configurations on closed orientable surfaces.
Only very recently I have made some conjectures about the cohomology of
braid elliptic arrangements.
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Mohamad, Abdul Basir Bin. "The Islamic law of tort." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17549.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to discover cases and principles governing tort in Islamic law. The study is divided into six chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. The Introduction contains the explanation of the general characteristic of crime and tort, the scope, the importance of the study, methodology and the relevant literature of the thesis. Chapter one defines Western and Islamic law of tort, the existence of tort in Islām, some similar concepts between Western and Islām on the law of tort, the concept of ḍamān (liability) in the Islamic law of tort as well as the discussion of Strict Liability and Vicarious Liability. Chapter two is concerned with the types of tort to person and property, particularly the torts of assault, battery, false imprisonment, kinds of trespass, ghaṣb and itlāf. Chapter three examines the Sharī'ah conception of liability for premises and liability for animals. Chapter four expounds the liability for chattels and clears up the nature and scope of nuisance in Islamic law, their origins and concepts. Chapter five elucidates the liability for the escape of fire and water, and concerns also the discussion of liability of medical practitioners and medical negligence. Chapter six discusses more generally the topic of negligence. The thesis concludes by taking an overall look at the ways the law of tort operates in the Sharī'ah.
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Berg, Tillmann. "Wave Invariants on Flat Tori." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19123.
Full textAbstract:
Wir untersuchen und berechnen Welleninvarianten von Schrödinger-Operatoren, die auf Schnitte von Hermiteschen Geradenbündeln über flachen Tori gerader Dimension wirken. Die Schrödinger-Operatoren werden aus einem translationsinvarianten Zusammenhang des Bündels sowie einem Potential, d.h. einer glatten Funktion auf dem Torus, konstruiert. Wir beschränken uns auf Bündel mit nichtentarteter Chern-Klasse und untersuchen, in welchem Umfang das Spektrum eines Schrödinger-Operators mit gegebenem Potential den Zusammenhang bestimmt.
Wir berechnen die ersten fünf Welleninvarianten explizit mittels des Computeralgebrasystems Mathematica. Für einfache Potentiale erhalten wir eine vollständige Charakterisierung der Isospektralität der translationsinvarianten Zusammenhänge. Weiterhin werden allgemeine Eigenschaften der Welleninvarianten bewiesen, welche allgemeinere Aussagen über die Existenz nichtisospektraler Zusammenhänge implizieren. Andererseits ergeben sich Erkenntnisse über die Grenzen der spektralen Information, die in endlich vielen Welleninvarianten enthalten ist.
Negative spektrale Ergebnisse, d.h. Unterschiede in den Zusammenhängen, die nicht durch das Spektrum bestimmt werden, werden durch die Konstruktion von Transplantationen zwischen den Schrödinger-Operatoren zweier Zusammenhänge bei gleichem Potential bewiesen.We study and compute wave invariants of Schrödinger operators acting on sections of Hermitian line bundles over even-dimensional flat tori. The Schrödinger operators are constructed from translation-invariant connections on the bundle and a potential, a smooth function on the torus. Restricting to bundles with nondegenerate Chern class we study the extent to which the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator of a given potential determines the connection. The first five wave invariants are computed explicitly using the computer algebra software Mathematica. For simple potentials we find a full characterization of the isospectrality of the translation-invariant connections. We also prove general properties of the wave invariants, which imply a more general existence of nonisospectral connections but which also show limitations of the spectral information contained within finitely many wave invariants. Negative spectral results, i.e. differences in connections not determined by spectra, are obtained by constructing transplantations between the Schrödinger operators of two connections with a fixed potential.
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Gaspari, Andrea. "Quantum error correction and the toric code." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21591/.
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Quantum error correction is the main subject of this thesis. After a general introduction of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and quantum computing, the problem is presented and further analysed using two different approaches, one, more practical, based on quantum circuits and one, purely theoretical, based on the stabilizer formalism. Examples of the principal quantum codes are progressively supplied to help the comprehension. To conclude the attention is drawn to the Toric code which represents one of the most promising platforms to store quantum information.
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Beckwith, Olivia D. "On Toric Symmetry of P1 x P2." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/46.
Full textAbstract:
Toric varieties are a class of geometric objects with a combinatorial structure encoded in polytopes. P1 x P2 is a well known variety and its polytope is the triangular prism. Studying the symmetries of the triangular prism and its truncations can lead to symmetries of the variety. Many of these symmetries permute the elements of the cohomology ring nontrivially and induce nontrivial relations. We discuss some toric symmetries of P1 x P2, and describe the geometry of the polytope of the corresponding blowups, and analyze the induced action on the cohomology ring. We exhaustively compute the toric symmetries of P1 x P2.
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Filip, Matej [Verfasser]. "Noncommutative deformations of toric varieties / Matej Filip." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176705806/34.
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Kool, Martijn. "Moduli spaces of sheaves on toric varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526468.
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Wacheux, Christophe. "Semi-toric integrable systems and moment polytopes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932926.
Full textAbstract:
Un système intégrable semi-torique sur une variété symplectique de dimension 2n est un système intégrable dont le flot de n − 1 composantes de l'application moment est 2 -périodique. On obtient donc une action hamiltonienne du tore Tn−1. En outre, on demande que tous les points critiques du système soient non-dégénérés et sans composante hyperbolique. En dimension 4, San V˜u Ngo.c et Álvaro Pelayo ont étendu à ces systèmes semi-toriques les résultats célèbres d'Atiyah, Guillemin, Sternberg et Delzant concernant la classification des systèmes toriques. Dans cette thèse nous proposons une extension de ces résultats en dimension quelconque, à commencer par la dimension 6. Les techniques utilisées relèvent de l'analyse comme de la géométrie symplectique, ainsi que de la théorie de Morse dans des espaces différentiels stratifiés. Nous donnons d'abord une description de l'image de l'application moment d'un point de vue local, en étudiant les asymptotiques des coordonnées actionangle au voisinage d'une singularité foyer-foyer, avec le phénomène de monodromie du feuilletage qui en résulte. Nous passons ensuite à une description plus globale dans la veine des polytopes d'Atiyah, Guillemin et Sternberg. Ces résultats sont basés sur une étude systématique de la stratification donnée par les fibres de l'application moment. Avec ces résultats, nous établissons la connexité des fibres des systèmes intégrables semi-toriques de dimension 6 et indiquons comment nous comptons démontrer ce résultat en dimension quelconque.
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SOUZA, SIMONE DE FREITAS DE. "DELZANT S CONSTRUCTION FOR TORIC SYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36415@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Em 1988, Delzant classificou as variedades compactas tóricas simpléticas por meio da imagem associada da aplicação momento. Como estabelecido pelo Teorema de Convexidade [Atiyah, Guillemin-Sternberg, 1983], a imagem pela aplicação momento de uma variedade compacta tórica simplética é um polítopo convexo. A construção de Delzant proporciona uma receita para formar, dado um polítopo de Delzant, uma variedade compacta tórica simplética. Nesta dissertação revisamos essa construção e estudamos alguns exemplos.
In 1988, Delzant proved a classification Theorem of compact toric symplectic manifolds by means of their moment image. By the convexity Theorem [Atiyah, Guillemin-Sternberg, 1983] the moment image of a compact toric symplectic manifold is a convex polytope. Delzant s construction gives a recipe to construct, given a Delzant polytope, the corresponding compact toric symplectic manifold. This thesis describes this construction and studies in detail some examples.
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Chen, Chunxia. "Semi-parametric estimation in Tobit regression models." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15300.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Statistics
Weixing Song
In the classical Tobit regression model, the regression error term is often assumed to have a zero mean normal distribution with unknown variance, and the regression function is assumed to be linear. If the normality assumption is violated, then the commonly used maximum likelihood estimate becomes inconsistent. Moreover, the likelihood function will be very complicated if the regression function is nonlinear even the error density is normal, which makes the maximum likelihood estimation procedure hard to implement. In the full nonparametric setup when both the regression function and the distribution of the error term [epsilon] are unknown, some nonparametric estimators for the regression function has been proposed. Although the assumption of knowing the distribution is strict, it is a widely adopted assumption in Tobit regression literature, and is also confirmed by many empirical studies conducted in the econometric research. In fact, a majority of the relevant research assumes that [epsilon] possesses a normal distribution with mean 0 and unknown standard deviation. In this report, we will try to develop a semi-parametric estimation procedure for the regression function by assuming that the error term follows a distribution from a class of 0-mean symmetric location and scale family. A minimum distance estimation procedure for estimating the parameters in the regression function when it has a specified parametric form is also constructed. Compare with the existing semiparametric and nonparametric methods in the literature, our method would be more efficient in that more information, in particular the knowledge of the distribution of [epsilon], is used. Moreover, the computation is relative inexpensive. Given lots of application does assume that [epsilon] has normal or other known distribution, the current work no doubt provides some more practical tools for statistical inference in Tobit regression model.
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You, Fenglong. "A Mirror Theorem for Toric Stack Bundles." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494255385887568.
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Winding, Jacob. "Localization, supersymmetric gauge theories and toric geometry." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318668.
Full textAbstract:
Gauge theories is one of the most pervasive and important subject of modern theoretical physics, and there are still many things about them we do not understand. In particular dealing with strongly coupled theories where normal perturbative techniques do not apply is a fundamental open problem. In this thesis, we study a particular class of toy-models that have supersymmetry, which makes them much easier to deal with. We employ the mathematical technique of localization, which for supersymmetric theories lets us evaluate certain path integrals exactly and for any value of the coupling. This is used to study the 5d N=1 theories placed on toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and compute their partition functions, finding that they factorize into a product of contributions from each closed Reeb orbit of the manifold. This computation leads us to define two new hierarchies of special functions associated to these manifolds, and we study their properties. Finally, we use the 5d N=1 theories to construct new 4d N=2 theories on a large class of curved backgrounds. These theories have some interesting features, such as supporting both instantons and anti-instantons, and having a position-dependent complexified coupling constant.
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Lienkaemper, Caitlin. "Toric Ideals, Polytopes, and Convex Neural Codes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/106.
Full textAbstract:
How does the brain encode the spatial structure of the external world?
A partial answer comes through place cells, hippocampal neurons which
become associated to approximately convex regions of the world known
as their place fields. When an organism is in the place field of some place
cell, that cell will fire at an increased rate. A neural code describes the set
of firing patterns observed in a set of neurons in terms of which subsets
fire together and which do not. If the neurons the code describes are place
cells, then the neural code gives some information about the relationships
between the place fields–for instance, two place fields intersect if and only if
their associated place cells fire together. Since place fields are convex, we are
interested in determining which neural codes can be realized with convex
sets and in finding convex sets which generate a given neural code when
taken as place fields. To this end, we study algebraic invariants associated
to neural codes, such as neural ideals and toric ideals. We work with a
special class of convex codes, known as inductively pierced codes, and seek
to identify these codes through the Gröbner bases of their toric ideals.
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Kastner, Lars [Verfasser]. "Ext on affine toric varieties / Lars Kastner." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1090877900/34.
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Botero, Ana María. "b-divisors on toric and toroidal embeddings." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18140.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Dissertation entwickeln wir eine Schnittheorie von torischen bzw. toroidalen
b-Divisoren auf torischen bzw. toroidalen Einbettungen. Motiviert wird
dies durch das Ziel, eine arithmetische Schnittheorie auf gemischten Shimura-
Varietäten von nicht-kompaktem Typ zu begründen. Die bisher zur Verfügung
stehenden Werkzeuge definieren keine numerischen Invarianten, die birational
invariant sind.
Zuerst definieren wir torische b-Divisoren auf torischen Varietäten und einen
Integrabilitätsbegriff für solche Divisoren. Wir zeigen, dass torische b-Divisoren
unter geeigneten Annahmen an die Positivität integrierbar sind und dass ihr Grad
als das Volumen einer konvexen Menge gegeben ist. Außerdem zeigen wir, dass die
Dimension des Vektorraums der globalen Schnitte eines torischen b-Divisors, der
nef ist, gleich der Anzahl der Gitterpunkte in besagter konvexer Menge ist und
wir geben eine Hilbert–Samuel-Formel für das asymptotische Wachstum dieser
Dimension. Dies verallgemeinert klassische Resultate für klassische torische
Divisoren auf torischen Varietäten. Als ein zusätzliches Resultat setzen wir
konvexe Mengen, die von torischen b-Divisoren kommen, mit Newton–Okounkov-
Körpern in Beziehung.
Anschließend definieren wir toroidale b-Divisoren auf toroidalen Varietäten
und einen Integrierbarkeitsbegriff für solche Divisoren. Wir zeigen, dass unter
geeigneten Positivitätsannahmen toroidale b-Divisoren integrierbar sind und ihr
Grad als ein Integral bezüglich eines Grenzmaßes aufgefasst werden kann. Dieses
Grenzmaß ist ein schwacher Grenzwert von diskreten Maßen, deren Gewichte
über tropische Schnittheorie auf rationalen konischen polyedrischen Komplexen
definiert sind, welche zu der toroidalen Varietät gehören. Wir setzen dieses
Grenzmaß ebenfalls in Beziehung zum zu einem konvexen Körper assoziierten
Flächeninhaltsmaß. Diese Beziehung erlaubt es uns, Integrale bezüglich des
Grenzmaßes explizit auszurechnen. Zusätzlich erhalten wir eine kanonische Zerlegung
der Differenz zweier konvexer Mengen und eine Beziehung zwischen das
Volumen von den Teilen und tropische Schnittheoretische Mengen.
Schließlich berechnen wir als Anwendung den Grad des b-Divisors von Jacobiformen
vom Gewicht k und Index m bezüglich der Hauptkongruenzuntergruppe
zum Level N >= 3 auf der verallgemeinerten universellen elliptischen Kurve und
wir zeigen, dass der b-divisoriale Ansatz gegenüber lediglich einer kanonischen
Kompaktifizierung Vorteile bietet.In this thesis we develop an intersection theory of toric and toroidal b-divisors on toric and toroidal embeddings, respectively. Our motivation comes from wanting to establish an arithmetic intersection theory on mixed Shimura varieties of non- compact type. The tools available until now do not define numerical invariants which are birationally invariant. First, we define toric b-divisors on toric varieties and an integrability notion of such divisors. We show that under suitable positivity assumptions toric b- divisors are integrable and that their degree is given as the volume of a convex set. Moreover, we show that the dimension of the space of global sections of a nef toric b-divisor is equal to the number of lattice points in this convex set and we give a Hilbert-Samuel type formula for its asymptotic growth. This generalizes classical results for classical toric divisors on toric varieties. As a by-product, we relate convex sets arising from toric b-divisors with Newton-Okounkov bodies. Then, we define toroidal b-divisors on toroidal varieties and an integrability notion of such divisors. We show that under suitable positivity assumptions toroidal b-divisors are integrable and that their degree is given as an integral with respect to a limit measure, which is a weak limit of discrete measures whose weights are defined via tropical intersection theory on the rational con- ical polyhedral complex attached to the toroidal variety. We also relate this limit measure with the surface area measure associated to a convex body. This relation enables us to compute integrals with respect to these limit measures ex- plicitly. Additionally, we give a canonical decomposition of the difference of two convex sets and we relate the volume of the pieces to tropical top intersection numbers. Finally, as an application, we compute the degree of the b-divisor of Jacobi forms of weight k and index m with respect to the principal congruence subgroup of level N >= 3 on the generalized universal elliptic curve and we show that it is meaningful to consider the b-divisorial approach instead of just fixing one canonical compactification.
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Ward, S. L. "Tort liability of nonprofit governing boards /." New York [u.a.] : Garland, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277567513.pdf.
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Kirk, Vivien. "Destruction of tori in dissipative flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334214.
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Sheboub, Abdelmagid. "The victim's behaviour in tort law." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514217.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the behaviour of the victim in tort law from three major perspectives: contributory negligence, duty to mitigate and consent. For this purpose three important questions are tackled: (1) How is the victim ensured fair compensation for the damage he has suffered? (2) Does the victim deserve full damages in all situations, or can it be reduced if he has contributed to his loss or injury? (3) Does the victim always have the right to be compensated? Contributory negligence is surveyed over several chapters that cover the rules governing each area. Chapter 1 examines the 1945 Act and the law of negligence. Chapter 2 investigates whether the Act can be applied when the damage to the victim is caused intentionally. Chapter 3 explores the application of the 1945 Act under the rules of strict liability. Chapter 4 looks at the 1945 Act and the law of contract. Chapter 5 discusses the concept of the duty to mitigate; its meaning, its aims, its legal basis, its principal conditions for application and the extent to which compensation may be affected by failure to mitigate. Chapter 6 deals with the definition, function and requirements of consent and volenti non fit injuria comparing it with other available defences, and the tendency to restrict the defence of consent. The study concentrates on medical treatment cases, where consent plays a key role in determining whether or not there is battery, negligence or false imprisonment. However, other situations, including criminal cases, are also examined. Chapter 7 summarises the research and provides the final conclusions arrived at in this thesis.
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Pandya, Shree. "Diagnosing the Determinants of Tort Reform." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/946.
Full textAbstract:
The United States has faced a number of medical malpractice crises over the past four decades. In response to these crises, state legislatures have enacted a variety of tort reforms of varying strength. This paper seeks to explore the determinants of such reforms. This study uses a dataset composed of state tort reforms, indicators of political partisanship, healthcare campaign finance contributions, malpractice payments, and malpractice lawsuits. This paper finds that political partisanship is a key determinant of the relative strength of reforms, with Republicans likely to pass hard reforms of economic significance and Democrats likely to pass soft reforms with little impact.