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1
Constapel, Petra. "Vanishing of tor and torsion in tensor products." Communications in Algebra 24, no. 3 (January 1996): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879608825604.
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Nasseh, Saeed, and Sean Sather-Wagstaff. "Vanishing of Ext and Tor over fiber products." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 145, no. 11 (June 22, 2017): 4661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/proc/13633.
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Huneke, Craig, and Roger Wiegand. "Tensor products of modules and the rigidity of Tor." Mathematische Annalen 299, no. 1 (May 1994): 449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01459794.
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Lazăr, C. "ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS IN EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TORSION/DETORSION." Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) 1, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29256/v.01.04.2017.escbm03.
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Inoki, Ken, Hongjiao Ouyang, Yong Li, and Kun-Liang Guan. "Signaling by Target of Rapamycin Proteins in Cell Growth Control." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 69, no. 1 (March 2005): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.69.1.79-100.2005.
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SUMMARY Target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins are members of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and are highly conserved from yeast to mammals. TOR proteins integrate signals from growth factors, nutrients, stress, and cellular energy levels to control cell growth. The ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP1) are two cellular targets of TOR kinase activity and are known to mediate TOR function in translational control in mammalian cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism of TOR regulation is not completely understood. One of the recent breakthrough studies in TOR signaling resulted in the identification of the tuberous sclerosis complex gene products, TSC1 and TSC2, as negative regulators for TOR signaling. Furthermore, the discovery that the small GTPase Rheb is a direct downstream target of TSC1-TSC2 and a positive regulator of the TOR function has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism of TOR activation. Here we review the current understanding of the regulation of TOR signaling and discuss its function as a signaling nexus to control cell growth during normal development and tumorigenesis.
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Valishkevych, Bohdana V., Ruslana A. Vasylkovska, Liudmyla M. Lozinska, and Halyna M. Semchyshyn. "Fructose-Induced Carbonyl/Oxidative Stress inS. cerevisiae: Involvement of TOR." Biochemistry Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8917270.
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The TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway first described in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis highly conserved in eukaryotes effector of cell growth, longevity, and stress response. TOR activation by nitrogen sources, in particular amino acids, is well studied; however its interplay with carbohydrates and carbonyl stress is poorly investigated. Fructose is a more potent glycoxidation agent capable of producing greater amounts of reactive carbonyl (RCS) and oxygen species (ROS) than glucose. The increased RCS/ROS production, as a result of glycoxidationin vivo, is supposed to be involved in carbonyl/oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and lifespan shortening of eukaryotes. In this work we aim to expand our understanding of how TOR is involved in carbonyl/oxidative stress caused by reducing monosaccharides. It was found that in fructose-grown compared with glucose-grown cells the level of carbonyl/oxidative stress markers was higher. The defects in the TOR pathway inhibited metabolic rate and suppressed generation of glycoxidation products in fructose-grown yeast.
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Galas, Radovan, Milan Omasta, and Martin Hartl. "Top-of-Rail Lubricants: Potential Risks and Benefits." Proceedings 2, no. 16 (September 17, 2018): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2161140.
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Top-of-rail (TOR) lubricants represent modern approach for friction modification between wheel and rail. The main goal of this study was to investigate potential risks and benefits associated with the application of these products, especially in terms of adhesion, wear, and noise. For this purpose, both laboratory and field experiments were carried out.
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Li, Yang, Renja Romey-Glüsing, Navid Tahan Zadeh, Jakob von Frieling, Julia Hoffmann, Patricia Huebbe, Iris Bruchhaus, Gerald Rimbach, Christine Fink, and Thomas Roeder. "Furbellow (Brown Algae) Extract Increases Lifespan in Drosophila by Interfering with TOR-Signaling." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041172.
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Algal products are well known for their health promoting effects. Nonetheless, an in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still only fragmentary. Here, we show that aqueous furbelow extracts (brown algae, Saccorhiza polyschides) lengthen the life of both sexes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster substantially, if used as nutritional additives to conventional food. This life prolonging effect became even more pronounced in the presence of stressors, such as high-fat dieting of living under drought conditions. Application of the extracts did not change food intake, excretion, or other major physiological parameters. Nevertheless, effects on the intestinal microbiota were observed, leading to an increased species richness, which is usually associated with healthy conditions. Lifespan extension was not observed in target of rapamycin (TOR)-deficient animals, implying that functional TOR signaling is necessary to unfold the positive effects of brown algae extract (BAE) on this important trait. The lack of life lengthening in animals with deregulated TOR signaling exclusively targeted to body fat showed that this major energy storage organ is instrumental for transmitting these effects. In addition, expression of Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2), an effective inhibitor of insulin signaling implies that BAE exerts their positive effects through interaction with the tightly interwoven TOR- and insulin-signaling systems, although insulin levels were not directly affected by this intervention.
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Yoon, Sang Sun, and John J. Mekalanos. "2,3-Butanediol Synthesis and the Emergence of the Vibrio cholerae El Tor Biotype." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (October 2, 2006): 6547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00695-06.
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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. V. cholerae strains of the O1 serogroup exist as two biotypes, classical and El Tor. Toxigenic strains of the El Tor biotype emerged to cause the seventh pandemic of cholera in 1961 and subsequently displaced strains of the classical biotype both in the environment and as a cause of cholera within a decade. The factors that drove emergence of the El Tor biotype and the displacement of the classical biotype are unknown. Here, we show a unique difference in carbohydrate metabolism between these two biotypes. When grown with added carbohydrates, classical biotype strains generated a sharp decrease in medium pH, resulting in loss of viability. However, growth of El Tor biotype strain N16961 was enhanced due to its ability to produce 2,3-butanediol, a neutral fermentation end product, and suppress the accumulation of organic acids. An N16961 mutant (SSY01) defective in 2,3-butanediol synthesis showed the same defect in growth that classical biotype strains show in media rich in carbohydrates. Importantly, the SSY01 mutant was attenuated in its ability to colonize the intestines of infant mice, suggesting that host carbohydrates may be available to V. cholerae within the intestinal environment. Similarly, the SSY01 mutant failed to develop biofilms when utilizing N-acetyl-d-glucosamine as a carbon source. Because growth on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine likely reflects the ability of a strain to grow on chitin in certain aquatic environments, we conclude that the strains of classical biotype are likely defective compared to those of El Tor in growth in any environmental niche that is rich in chitin and/or other metabolizable carbohydrates. We propose that the ability to metabolize sugars without production of acid by-products might account for the improved evolutionary fitness of the V. cholerae El Tor biotype compared to that of the classical biotype both as a global cause of cholera and as an environmental organism.
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Huneke, Craig, and Roger Wiegand. "Correction to “Tensor products of modules and the rigidity of Tor”, Math. Annalen, 299 (1994), 449–476." Mathematische Annalen 338, no. 2 (January 10, 2007): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00208-006-0076-9.
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Tcheka, Calvin. "On an Algebra Structure on the Hochschild Homology of Simply Connected Topological Space." Algebra Colloquium 26, no. 03 (August 12, 2019): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386719000312.
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In this note, we use the pairing induced by the interchange map in conjunction with the strongly homotopy commutative algebra structure to define products on the Eilenberg–Moore differential Tor and give a simplified proof of an improved outcome of Jones’s result due to Ndombol and Thomas. As a result, we establish an isomorphism of graded algebras between the Hochschild homology and the free loop space cohomology of a simply connected topological space.
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Shu, Tong, Chunfen Huang, Shou Chen, Shouyang Wang, and Kin Keung Lai. "Trade-Old-for-Remanufactured Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Carbon Tax and Government Subsidies." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 3935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113935.
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The constantly increasing CO2 emissions are threatening the environment tremendously. Facing the pressure of environmental activists and public opinion, businesses and governments are taking action to reduce carbon emissions. Among these endeavors, carbon tax and subsidy policies proposed by governments are widely adopted. Remanufacturing is believed to save manufacturing costs and reduce carbon emissions from the process of enterprise operation, and it is increasingly being accepted by enterprises. However, different consumers’ willingness to pay for remanufactured products and the durability of new products will also affect consumers’ willingness to buy remanufactured products. Therefore, considering the discrepancy between consumer willingness to pay and product durability, we established the trade-old-for-remanufactured (TOR) model for a scenario of carbon tax and government subsidies. Through the analysis of the model, we obtained the optimal pricing and production decisions of manufacturers (remanufacturers) in the case of carbon tax and government subsidies. Our results show that, when there is no carbon tax constraint, the increase in consumer willingness to pay and the adjustment in product durability can stimulate consumers to participate in TOR projects and augment enterprises’ profits. However, it can also lead to a carbon rebound that increases corporate carbon emissions. When there is a carbon tax constraint, the introduction of carbon tax contributes to a reduction in carbon emissions, while enterprises tend to lose profits. In order to achieve a “win-win” between corporate profits and carbon emissions, we considered government subsidy policies. Our numerical examples illustrate that appropriate carbon tax and government subsidies can curb carbon emissions and also increase profits for enterprises.
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Sanjaya, Wisnu, Bambang Sugiantoro, and Yudi Prayudi. "A Metode Offline Forensik Untuk Analisis Digital Artefak Pada TOR Browser Di Sistem Operasi Linux." JITU : Journal Informatic Technology And Communication 4, no. 2 (June 6, 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36596/jitu.v4i2.345.
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The rapid development of the IT world has covered all aspects of life and among IT technology products is the creation of Operating Systems and Web browser applications. Privacy in the use of IT in the open era is now highly expected, therefore now widely developed Operating Systems and Web browser applications that have facilities to protect user privacy. Linux and TOR Browser is a combination that is widely used in the field of security, but unfortunately many are misused by the person in a crime. The motivation to use both is to eliminate or minimize the digital footprint of the browsing activity so that it will complicate the search of digital evidence in a crime. This research proposes a framework of stages for TOR Browser analysis in Linux Operating System which aims to provide solution in forensic investigation using offline forensic method. The use of offline forensic methods to obtain detailed information from a digital proof on a computer in a off state
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Spirina, Liudmila V., Zahar A. Yurmazov, Alexey K. Gorbunov, Evgeny A. Usynin, Nadezhda A. Lushnikova, and Irina V. Kovaleva. "Molecular Protein and Expression Profile in the Primary Tumors of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma and Metastases." Cells 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071680.
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Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was the determination of change in molecular factors expression in primary kidney cancers (ccRCC) and metastatic sites. In total, 62 patients with RCC were enrolled in the study. The mRNA levels of molecular markers were studied by real-time PCR, and the content of the studied parameters was determined by Western blotting and ELISA. The features in the intracellular signal metabolites in the series of normal renal parenchyma, tumor tissue of localized, disseminated kidney cancer and metastatic tissue were studied. A decrease in some indicators in the tissue of the metastatic lesion was noted. Protein products of transcription factors HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and activated AKT kinase, as well as expression of the VEGFR2 receptor and m-TOR protein kinase were revealed to be reduced in the metastatic sites. In addition, some indicators increased in metastasis: the protein levels of NF-κB p 50, NF-κB p 65, HIF-2, VEGF, VEGFR2, m-TOR and mRNA of HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK. There were indicators with multidirectional changes. HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN, VEGFR2 and m-TOR mRNA: VEGFR2, m-TOR, HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK had an opposite change in protein content and mRNA level. PTEN loss resulted in the downstream activation of AKT/mTOR signaling in secondary cancer lesions and determined the overall ccRCC patient’s survival. The AKT/mTOR signaling cascade activation was found in the primary kidney tumors. The PTEN content and mRNA level were correlated with total AKT, GSK-3β, the 70S 6 kinases and AKT expression.
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Johansson, Leif, and Larry Lambe. "Transferring algebra structures up to homology equivalence." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 89, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-14337.
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Given a strong deformation retract $M$ of an algebra $A$, there are several apparently distinct ways ([9],[19],[13],[24],[15],[18],[17]) of constructing a coderivation on the tensor coalgebra of $M$ in such a way that the resulting complex is quasi isomorphic to the classical (differential tor) [17] bar construction of $A$. We show that these methods are equivalent and are determined combinatorially by an inductive formula first given in a very special setting in [16]. Applications to de Rham theory and Massey products are given.
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BAHRI, A., M. BENDERSKY, F. R. COHEN, and S. GITLER. "Cup-products for the polyhedral product functor." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 153, no. 3 (June 7, 2012): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004112000230.
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AbstractDavis–Januszkiewicz introduced manifolds which are now known as moment-angle manifolds over a polytope [6]. Buchstaber–Panov introduced and extensively studied moment-angle complexes defined for any abstract simplicial complex K [4]. They completely described the rational cohomology ring structure in terms of the Tor-algebra of the Stanley-Reisner algebra [4].Subsequent developments were given in work of Denham–Suciu [7] and Franz [9] which were followed by [1, 2]. Namely, given a family of based CW-pairs X, A) = {(Xi, Ai)}mi=1 together with an abstract simplicial complex K with m vertices, there is a direct extension of the Buchstaber–Panov moment-angle complex. That extension denoted Z(K;(X,A)) is known as the polyhedral product functor, terminology due to Bill Browder, and agrees with the Buchstaber–Panov moment-angle complex in the special case (X,A) = (D2, S1) [1, 2]. A decomposition theorem was proven which splits the suspension of Z(K; (X, A)) into a bouquet of spaces determined by the full sub-complexes of K.This paper is a study of the cup-product structure for the cohomology ring of Z(K; (X, A)). The new result in the current paper is that the structure of the cohomology ring is given in terms of this geometric decomposition arising from the “stable” decomposition of Z(K; (X, A)) [1, 2]. The methods here give a determination of the cohomology ring structure for many new values of the polyhedral product functor as well as retrieve many known results.Explicit computations are made for families of suspension pairs and for the cases where Xi is the cone on Ai. These results complement and extend those of Davis–Januszkiewicz [6], Buchstaber–Panov [3, 4], Panov [13], Baskakov–Buchstaber–Panov, [3], Franz, [8, 9], as well as Hochster [12]. Furthermore, under the conditions stated below (essentially the strong form of the Künneth theorem), these theorems also apply to any cohomology theory.
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Harigaya, Atsuko, Reiko Nagasaka, and Toshiaki Ohshima. "ROLES OF APOPTOSIS AND AUTOPHAGY ON THE TEXTURE OF RED SEA BREAM MUSCLE." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v1i0.82.
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One of commercial brands in farmed-products of red sea bream (Pagrus major), named “Date-Madai”, is known to possess hard texture and transparency when served as “Sashimi”. The quality of “Sashimi” is usually evaluated by texture, appearance, and color of dark muscle. These characters easily change worse during post mortem storage. The aim of this study was to reveal relationship between proteolytic degradation and muscle quality of the red sea bream. Sensory analysis was carried out to evaluate the quality of “Sashimi” in terms of texture and appearance of flesh. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate protein expressions of red sea bream muscle. Significantly higher score in the sensory analysis for brightness was given to the “Date-Madai”. Similar tendency were also observed in color, texture and general acceptability. Intracellular effector of the apoptotic pathway includes contributin of caspase family. Lower level in caspase-3 protein was observed in the “Date-Madai” muscle. Autophagy is known to be inhibited by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase, which is in the downstream of the TOR, increased in the “Date- Madai” muscle. This study concluded that the apoptosis and autophagy could be associated with the quality of the red sea bream. Keywords: apoptosis, autophagy, proteases, red sea bream
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Berrilli, Francesco, Marco Casolino, Dario Del Moro, Roberta Forte, Luca Giovannelli, Matteo Martucci, Matteo Mergé, et al. "SWERTO: a Regional Space Weather Service." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S335 (July 2017): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318000054.
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AbstractThe Space WEeatherR TOr vergata university (SWERTO) service is an operational Space Weather service based on multi-instrument data from space-based (PAMELA, ALTEA) and ground-based (IBIS, MOTHII) instruments. The service (spaceweather.roma2.infn.it) is located at the Physics Department of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (UTOV) and will allow registered users to access scientific data from instrumentation available to UTOV researchers through national and international collaborations. It will provide intuitive software for the selection and visualization of such data and results from prototype forecasting codes for flare probability and Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) fluxes. The service is designed to promote access to technical and scientific information by the regional industries which employ technologies vulnerable to Space Weather effects. Basically, SWERTO aims to: i) design and construct a data-base with particle fluxes recorded by space missions and spectro-polarimetric measurements of the solar photosphere; ii) allow an Open Access to the data-base and to prototype forecasts to regional industries involved and exposed to Space Weather effects; iii) implement a tutorial and a FAQ section to help decision makers to became aware of and evaluate the risks from Space Weather events; iv) outreach and customer products. SWERTO has been financed by the Regione Lazio FILAS-RU-2014-1028 grant.
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Greenwood, S., and G. Struhl. "Different levels of Ras activity can specify distinct transcriptional and morphological consequences in early Drosophila embryos." Development 124, no. 23 (December 1, 1997): 4879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.23.4879.
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The terminal portions of the Drosophila body pattern are specified by the localized activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso (Tor) at each pole of the early embryo. Tor activity elicits the transcription of two ‘gap’ genes, tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb), in overlapping but distinct domains by stimulating the Ras signal transduction pathway. Here, we show that quantitative variations in the level of Ras activity can specify qualitatively distinct transcriptional and morphological responses. Low levels of Ras activity at the posterior pole direct tll but not hkb transcription; higher levels drive transcription of both genes. Correspondingly, low levels of Ras activity specify a limited subset of posterior terminal structures, whereas higher levels specify a larger subset. However, we also show that the response to Ras activity is not uniform along the body. Instead, levels of Ras activity which suffice to drive tll and hkb transcription at the posterior pole fail to drive their expression in more central portions of the body, apparently due to repression by other gap gene products. We conclude that tll and hkb transcription, as well as the terminal structures, are specified by two inputs: a gradient of Ras activity which emanates from the pole, and the opposing influence of more centrally deployed gap genes which repress the response to Ras.
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DAS, A., P. MANICKAM, Y. HUTIN, B. PATTANAIK, B. B. PAL, G. P. CHHOTRAY, S. K. KAR, and M. D. GUPTE. "Two sequential outbreaks in two villages illustrate the various modes of transmission of cholera." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 6 (January 27, 2009): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808001611.
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SUMMARYWe investigated two sequential outbreaks of severe diarrhoea in two neighbouring villages of Orissa, in 2005. We conducted descriptive and matched case-control studies. The attack rates were 5·6% (n=62) and 5·2% (n=51), respectively, in the first and second villages. One death was reported in the second village (case fatality 2%). We identified that consumption of milk products prepared in the household of the index case [matched odds ratio (mOR) 5·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7–30] in the first village, and drinking well water in the second village were associated with the illness (mOR 4·7, 95% CI 1·6–19). We isolated Vibrio cholerae El Tor O1 Ogawa from stool samples from both the villages. Mishandling of milk products led to a cholera outbreak in the first village, which led to sewerage contamination of a well and another outbreak in the second village. Environmental contamination should be expected and prevented during cholera outbreaks.
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Brooks-Asplund, E. M., J. G. Cannon, and W. L. Kenney. "Influence of hormone replacement therapy and aspirin on temperature regulation in postmenopausal women." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): R839—R848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r839.
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Postmenopausal women receiving estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT) regulate body temperature (Tb) at a lower level than women not receiving hormone replacement therapy (untreated) and women using estrogen plus progesterone therapy (E + P), but it is not clear if reproductive hormones alter Tb by directly acting on central thermoregulatory centers or indirectly via a secondary mediator(s). The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the possible involvement of pyrogenic cytokines and cyclooxygenase (COX) products (e.g., prostaglandins) in the regulation of Tb in three groups of postmenopausal women (8 ERT, 7 E + P, and 8 untreated). We measured ex vivo secretion of cytokine agonists [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β and -6] and modifiers (IL-2 soluble receptor, IL-1 receptor antagonist, soluble TNF receptor type I, soluble TNF receptor type II, soluble IL-6 receptor, and soluble glycoprotein 130) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thermoregulatory responses at rest and during 1 h of passive whole body heating in the postmenopausal women before and after 3 days of placebo or aspirin (50 mg · day−1 · kg−1). With and without aspirin, the ERT group had a lower baseline rectal temperature (Tre; 0.44°C, P < 0.004) and a reduced Tb threshold for cutaneous vasodilation (0.29°C and 0.38°C, P < 0.01) compared with the untreated and E + P groups, respectively. In the placebo condition, waking morning oral temperature (Tor) correlated with ex vivo secretion of the proteins associated with IL-6 bioactivity. Aspirin caused significant reductions in waking Tor in the E + P group and in baseline Tre in the untreated group. However, the difference in thermoregulation brought about by steroid hormone treatment could not be explained by these relatively modest apparent influences by cytokines and COX products. Therefore, the altered thermoregulation induced by reproductive steroid therapy appears to occur via a mechanism distinct from a classic infection-induced fever.
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Weller, Susan J., Gerald D. Baldridge, Ulrike G. Munderloh, Hiroaki Noda, Jason Simser, and Timothy J. Kurtti. "Phylogenetic Placement of Rickettsiae from the Ticks Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis †." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 5 (1998): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.5.1305-1317.1998.
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A rickettsial isolate (isolate MOAa) belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) was obtained from the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum. We used PCR to characterize the genes for the rickettsial outer membrane proteins rOmpA and rOmpB. We sequenced the PCR products (domains I of both the rompA gene and therompB gene) of MOAa and WB-8-2, another rickettsial isolate from A. americanum. To place MOAa and WB-8-2 and two other nonpathogenic isolates (Rickettsia rickettsii Hlp2 and Rickettsia montana M5/6) with respect to their putative sister species, we included them in a phylogenetic analysis of 9 Rickettsia species and 10 Rickettsia strains. Our phylogenetic results implied three evolutionary lineages of SFG rickettsiae and that WB-8-2 and MOAa were most closely related toR. montana. New World isolates were not the most closely related to each other (they did not form a clade). Rather, our results supported four independent origins (introductions) of rickettsiae into North America from different Old World regions. The results of our phylogenetic analysis did not support the hypothesis of a stable coevolution of rickettsiae and their tick hosts. Finally, we examined the rompA gene of a nonpathogenic rickettsial symbiont isolated from the tick Ixodes scapularis. In a phylogenetic analysis, the symbiont was placed as the sister toR. montana and its isolates. The relationship of this symbiont to R. montana raised questions as to the potential origin of pathogenic SFG rickettsiae from nonpathogenic tick symbionts, or vice versa.
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Kerr, A. C., M. Khan, and I. McDonald. "Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 6 (December 2010): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.6.1027.
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AbstractOn 27 January 2010 a small eruption of basaltic lava occurred 75 km NE of Quetta, Pakistan. This was highly unusual – no eruptions from this magmatically inactive area have ever been reported. Two petrographically distinct basalts types were indentified in the vesicular eruptive products. One basalt type consists of completely fresh, light brown glass with a few (<1 vol.%) partially resorbed quartz-rich xenoliths, whereas the other type is non-glassy and the lava is completely devitrified. These types also have slightly different geochemical signatures that can be partially explained by crustal assimilation. Re-melting of local basaltic rocks by short circuiting of a ruptured high-tension electrical cable is considered unlikely. Mantle melt modelling suggests that the lavas have been largely derived from a source in the garnet-spinel transition zone, i.e. well within the lithosphere. It is proposed that localized asthenospheric melting resulted in relatively depleted melts which were substantially contaminated by fusible lithospheric mantle en route to the surface. Further small-scale eruptions cannot be ruled out.
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Azrem, Ahmad Azmi, N. Z. Noriman, M. N. Razif, and S. T. Sam. "Physical and Morphological Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Chloroprene Rubber (SBR/CRr) Blends - The Effects of TOR as a Compatibilizer." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.862.
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Elastomer blends are widely used in rubber products for a variety of reasons, which include improved physical properties, improved service life, easier processing, and reduced production cost [. Butadiene and chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3 butadiene) are related monomers [. Blending of SBR with CR has been done to obtain better crystallisation resistance, better compression set resistance, lower brittleness temperature and enhanced resistance to sunlight deterioration as compared with CR alone. Other important properties, such as oil, heat, flame and ozone resistance, decrease as the amount of SBR increases [. It is possible to improve the phase morphology of SBR/CR blend by incorporating 5±10 phr of a modified copolymer that has segments chemically identical to SBR and CR phases. Addition of halocarbenes to polymers has been reported since a long time; however, available information on the commercial application on such modified polymers is limited [.
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Campos, Javier, Eriel Martínez, Edith Suzarte, Boris L. Rodríguez, Karen Marrero, Yussuan Silva, Talena Ledón, Ricardo del Sol, and Rafael Fando. "VGJφ, a Novel Filamentous Phage of Vibrio cholerae, Integrates into the Same Chromosomal Site as CTXφ." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 19 (October 1, 2003): 5685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.19.5685-5696.2003.
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ABSTRACT We describe a novel filamentous phage, designated VGJφ, isolated from strain SG25-1 of Vibrio cholerae O139, which infects all O1 (classical and El Tor) and O139 strains tested. The sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that VGJφ has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as CTXφ of V. cholerae and Ff phages of Escherichia coli. The conserved region carries 10 open reading frames (ORFs) coding for products homologous to previously reported peptides of other filamentous phages, and the distinctive region carries one ORF whose product is not homologous to any known peptide. VGJφ, like other filamentous phages, uses a type IV pilus to infect V. cholerae; in this case, the pilus is the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. VGJφ-infected V. cholerae overexpresses the product of one ORF of the phage (ORF112), which is similar to single-stranded DNA binding proteins of other filamentous phages. Once inside a cell, VGJφ is able to integrate its genome into the same chromosomal attB site as CTXφ, entering into a lysogenic state. Additionally, we found an attP structure in VGJφ, which is also conserved in several lysogenic filamentous phages from different bacterial hosts. Finally, since different filamentous phages seem to integrate into the bacterial dif locus by a general mechanism, we propose a model in which repeated integration events with different phages might have contributed to the evolution of the CTX chromosomal region in V. cholerae El Tor.
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Lyall, J. W., N. Solanky, and L. S. Tiley. "Restricted species tropism of maedi–visna virus strain EV-1 is not due to limited receptor distribution." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-12-2919.
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The distribution of receptors for maedi–visna virus (MVV) was studied using co-cultivation assays for virus fusion and PCR-based assays to detect the formation of virus-specific reverse transcription products after virus entry. Receptors were present on cell lines from human, monkey, mouse, chicken, quail, hamster and ovine sources. Thus, the distribution of the receptor for MVV is more similar to that of the amphotropic type C retroviruses than to that of other lentiviruses. The receptor was sensitive to proteolysis by papain, but was resistant to trypsin. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and lung cells (V79 TOR) did not express functional receptors for MVV. The receptor was mapped to either chromosome 2 or 4 of the mouse using somatic cell hybrids. This allowed several candidates (e.g. MHC-II, CXCR4) that have been proposed for the MVV receptor to be excluded.
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Albanese, Carlo, Filippo Rodriguez, Roberto Ronchini, Stefano Di Rollo, Francesco Berrilli, Alice Cristaldi, Dario Del Moro, et al. "The Ionosphere Prediction Service." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S335 (July 2017): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131800025x.
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AbstractThe aim of the Ionosphere Prediction Service (IPS) project is to design and develop a prototype platform to translate the prediction and forecast of the ionosphere effects into a service customized for specific GNSS user communities. The project team is composed by Telespazio (coordinator), Nottingham Scientific Ltd, Telespazio Vega Deutschland, the University of Nottingham, the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The IPS development is conceived of two concurrent activities: prototype service design and development & research activity that will run along the whole project. Service design and development is conceived into four phases: user requirements collection, architecture specification, implementation and validation of the prototype. A sub-activity analyses also the integration feasibility in the Galileo Service center, located in Madrid. The research activity is the scientific backbone of IPS that will provide the models and algorithms for the forecasting products.
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Nadarajah, Kalaivani, Nurfarahana Syuhada Omar, Marhamah Md Rosli, and Ong Shin Tze. "Molecular Characterization and Screening for Sheath Blight Resistance Using Malaysian Isolates ofRhizoctonia solani." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/434257.
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Two field isolates ofRhizoctonia solaniwere isolated from infected paddy plants in Malaysia. These isolates were verified via ITS-rDNA analysis that yielded ~720 bp products of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 region, respectively. The sequenced products showed insertion and substitution incidences which may result in strain diversity and possible variation in disease severity. These strains showed some regional and host-specific relatedness via Maximum Likelihood and further phylogenetic analysis via Maximum Parsimony showed that these strains were closely related toR. solaniAG1-1A (with 99-100% identity). Subsequent to strain verification and analysis, these isolates were used in the screening of twenty rice varieties for tolerance or resistance to sheath blight via mycelial plug method where both isolates (1801 and 1802) showed resistance or moderate resistance to Teqing, TETEP, and Jasmine 85. Isolate 1802 was more virulent based on the disease severity index values. This study also showed that the mycelial plug techniques were efficient in providing uniform inoculum and humidity for screening. In addition this study shows that the disease severity index is a better mode of scoring for resistance compared to lesion length. These findings will provide a solid basis for our future breeding and screening activities at the institution.
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Sichwart, Shanna, Stephan Hetzler, Daniel Bröker, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Extension of the Substrate Utilization Range ofRalstonia eutrophaStrain H16 by Metabolic Engineering To Include Mannose and Glucose." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 4 (December 17, 2010): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01977-10.
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ABSTRACTThe Gram-negative facultative chemolithoautotrophic bacteriumRalstonia eutrophastrain H16 is known for its narrow carbohydrate utilization range, which limits its use for biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and possibly other products from renewable resources. To broaden its substrate utilization range, which is for carbohydrates and related compounds limited to fructose,N-acetylglucosamine, and gluconate, strain H16 was engineered to use mannose and glucose as sole carbon sources for growth. The genes for a facilitated diffusion protein (glf) fromZymomonas mobilisand for a glucokinase (glk), mannofructokinase (mak), and phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) fromEscherichia coliwere alone or in combination constitutively expressed inR. eutrophastrain H16 under the control of the neokanamycin orlacpromoter, respectively, using an episomal broad-host-range vector. Recombinant strains harboring pBBR1MCS-3::glf::mak::pmior pBBR1MCS-3::glf::pmigrew on mannose, whereas pBBR1MCS-3::glf::makand pBBR1MCS-3::glfdid not confer the ability to utilize mannose as a carbon source toR. eutropha. The recombinant strain harboring pBBR1MCS-3::glf::pmiexhibited slower growth on mannose than the recombinant strain harboring pBBR1MCS-3::glf::mak::pmi. These data indicated that phosphomannose isomerase is required to convert mannose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate for subsequent catabolism via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. In addition, all plasmids also conferred toR. eutrophathe ability to grow in the presence of glucose. The best growth was observed with a recombinantR. eutrophastrain harboring plasmid pBBR1MCS-2::Pnk::glk::glf. In addition, expression of the respective enzymes was demonstrated at the transcriptional and protein levels and by measuring the activities of mannofructokinase (0.622 ± 0.063 U mg−1), phosphomannose isomerase (0.251 ± 0.017 U mg−1), and glucokinase (0.518 ± 0.040 U mg−1). Cells of recombinant strains ofR. eutrophasynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) to ca. 65 to 67% (wt/wt) of the cell dry mass in the presence of 1% (wt/vol) glucose or mannose as the sole carbon sources.
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Zheng, Yin, and Yu Jiang. "The Yeast Phosphotyrosyl Phosphatase Activator Is Part of the Tap42–Phosphatase Complexes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0797.
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Phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator PTPA is a type 2A phosphatase regulatory protein that possesses an ability to stimulate the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity of PP2A in vitro. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PTPA is encoded by two related genes, RRD1 and RRD2, whose products are 38 and 37% identical, respectively, to the mammalian PTPA. Inactivation of either gene renders yeast cells rapamycin resistant. In this study, we investigate the mechanism underling rapamycin resistance associated with inactivation of PTPA in yeast. We show that the yeast PTPA is an integral part of the Tap42–phosphatase complexes that act downstream of the Tor proteins, the target of rapamycin. We demonstrate a specific interaction of Rrd1 with the Tap42–Sit4 complex and that of Rrd2 with the Tap42–PP2Ac complex. A small portion of PTPA also is found to be associated with the AC dimeric core of PP2A, but the amount is significantly less than that associated with the Tap42-containing complexes. In addition, our results show that the association of PTPA with Tap42–phosphatase complexes is rapamycin sensitive, and importantly, that rapamycin treatment results in release of the PTPA-phosphatase dimer as a functional phosphatase unit.
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Yamamoto, K., Y. Ichinose, H. Shinagawa, K. Makino, A. Nakata, M. Iwanaga, T. Honda, and T. Miwatani. "Two-step processing for activation of the cytolysin/hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor: nucleotide sequence of the structural gene (hlyA) and characterization of the processed products." Infection and Immunity 58, no. 12 (1990): 4106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.58.12.4106-4116.1990.
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Tirelli, C., C. Manzo, G. Curci, and C. Bassani. "EVALUATION OF THE AEROSOL TYPE EFFECT ON THE SURFACE REFLECTANCE RETRIEVAL USING CHRIS/PROBA IMAGES OVER LAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1311-2015.
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Surface reflectance has a central role in the analysis of land surface for a broad variety of agricultural, geological and urban studies. An accurate atmospheric correction, obtained by an appropriate selection of aerosol type and loading, is the first requirement for a reliable surface reflectance estimation. The aerosol type is defined by its micro-physical properties, while the aerosol loading is described by optical thickness at 550 nm. The aim of this work is to evaluate the radiative impact of the aerosol model on the surface reflectance obtained from CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) hyperspectral data over land by using the specifically developed algorithm CHRIS@CRI (CHRIS Atmospherically Corrected Reflectance Imagery) based on the 6SV radiative transfer model. Five different aerosol models have been used: one provided by the AERONET inversion products (used as reference), three standard aerosol models in 6SV, and one obtained from the output of the GEOS-Chem global chemistry-transport model (CTM). As test case the urban site of Bruxelles and the suburban area of Rome Tor Vergata have been considered. The results obtained encourages the use of CTM in operational retrieval and provides an evaluation of the role of the aerosol model in the atmospheric correction process, considering the different microphysical properties impact.
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Bancroft, Angus, Tim Squirrell, Andreas Zaunseder, and Irene Rafanell. "Producing Trust Among Illicit Actors: A Techno-Social Approach to an Online Illicit Market." Sociological Research Online 25, no. 3 (November 12, 2019): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419881158.
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Illicit market exchanges in cybercriminal markets are plagued by problems of verifiability and enforceability: trust is one way to ensure reliable exchange. It is fragile and hard to establish. One way to do that is to use the administrative structure of the digital market to control transactions. This is common among a specific type of market – darknet cryptomarkets. These are sites for the sale of illicit goods and services, hosted anonymously using the Tor darknet. However, reliance by users on the technology and the market administrators exposes users to excessive risk. We examine a case of a market that rejects several key technological features now common in cryptomarkets but that is nonetheless reliable and robust. We apply a techno-social approach that looks at the way participants use and combine technologies with trust relationships. The study was designed to capture the interactional context of the illicit market. We aimed to examine both person-to-person interaction and the technical infrastructure the market relied on. We find that the social space of the market maintains itself through a shared common security orientation, community participation in key decisions about products sold, performing trust signalling, and relying on lateral trust between members. There are implications for how resilience in cryptomarkets is understood.
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Bina, Xiaowen R., Daniele Provenzano, Nathalie Nguyen, and James E. Bina. "Vibrio cholerae RND Family Efflux Systems Are Required for Antimicrobial Resistance, Optimal Virulence Factor Production, and Colonization of the Infant Mouse Small Intestine." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 8 (May 19, 2008): 3595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01620-07.
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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative human intestinal pathogen that causes the diarrheal disease cholera. Humans acquire cholera by ingesting V. cholerae-contaminated food or water. Upon ingestion, V. cholerae encounters several barriers to colonization, including bile acid toxicity and antimicrobial products of the innate immune system. In many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to the antimicrobial effects of these products is mediated by RND (resistance-nodulation-division) family efflux systems. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the V. cholerae RND efflux systems are required for antimicrobial resistance and virulence. The six V. cholerae genes encoding RND efflux pumps were deleted from the genome of the O1 El Tor strain N16961, resulting in the generation of 14 independent RND deletion mutants, including one RND-null strain. Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the mutants revealed that the RND efflux systems were responsible for resistance to multiple antimicrobial compounds, including bile acids, antimicrobial peptides, and antibiotics. VexB (VC0164) was found to be the RND efflux pump primarily responsible for the resistance of V. cholerae to multiple antimicrobial compounds in vitro. In contrast, VexD (VC1757) and VexK (VC1673) encoded efflux pumps with detergent-specific substrate specificities that were redundant with VexB. A strain lacking VexB, VexD, and VexK was attenuated in the infant mouse model, and its virulence factor production was unaffected. In contrast, a V. cholerae RND-null strain produced significantly less cholera toxin and fewer toxin-coregulated pili than the wild type and was unable to colonize the infant mouse. The decreased virulence factor production in the RND-null strain was linked to reduced transcription of tcpP and toxT. Our findings show that the V. cholerae RND efflux systems are required for antimicrobial resistance, optimal virulence factor production, and colonization of the infant mouse.
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Gridin, O. V. "Key problems of innovation-investment model formation of agrarian sphere economy development and ways of their solution." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 2 (2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-2-2.
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Introduction. The article deals with the problems of innovation-investment model formation of of agrarian sphere development of economy and the ways of their solution are determined and substantiated. The study found that the revival of the national economy as a whole and its agrarian sphere in particular is possible only due to the activation of innovative processes at the expense of full investment support. The purpose of this article is to identify the peculiarities of the formation and development of innovative pro-cesses in agro-industrial production, to identify the factors that inhibit them, as well as to identify and outline ways to solve the problem of forming an innovation-investment model of agro-industrial production. Research methodology. In the process of achieving this goal, the following methods were used: monographic; abstract-logical; synthesis; generalization and abstraction. Results. The essential features of formation and development of innovative processes in agro-industrial produc-tion are revealed in the article. It is proved that the modern economic policy in the agricultural sphere should be guided by the formation of innovation-investment model of development, when the increase of efficiency of social production is achieved at the expense of knowledge growth. It is established that the priorities in the field of innovation of the agroin-dustrial complex are: energy – and resource-saving technologies of production, storage and processing of products; in-novations that help fill the domestic market with high-quality domestic food; innovations that help to increase the relia-bility, efficiency of agricultural machines and mechanisms, extend their life, and increase productivity. The main prob-lems of innovations introduction and expansion of innovative-investment activity in agro-industrial production are generalized. It is proved that the overall strategic goal of managing the innovative development of the agricultural sec-tor is it’s complete modernization, which will meet the requirements of increasing the quality agricultural products manufacturing and products of its processing, improving the standard of the population living, increasing the produc-tion efficiency, preserving the environment. Key words: innovations, investments, innovative processes, innovative technologies, innovation-investment model of development.
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Ethica, Stalis Norma, Nur Hidayati, Hayatun Fuad, Chaerul Arham, Rivana Ariyadi, Ellyka Purwaningrum, and Kazi Mohammad Zillur Rahman. "Detection of rtxA Gene as a Biomarker of Seafood-Borne Pathogen Vibrio cholerae using In Silico PCR Assay." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 15, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v15i2.417.
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Seafood-borne outbreaks caused by Vibrio cholerae have led to the increased need for food safety risk assessment of marine products. An in silico investigation about the potential of virulence gene of V. cholerae, rtxA, as a DNA biomarker of the toxigenic bacterium has been carried out. The aim of this study was to use the bacterial DNA biomarker sequence as a tool to facilitate early rapid detection of cholera infection. Five specific pairs of primers were designed from the rtxA open reading frame DNA of V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 genomic DNA using Primer3Plus. Next, in silico Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was carried out using the newly designed primers and 25 genomic DNA of vibrio spp. retrieved from the in silico database. One of the five designed pairs of primers, RtxAOF-RtxAOR: ‘5-CGCAAAACAGTTTCAGCCGA-3’ and 5’-AGGTTGGTCTTTTGTGGCCA-3’, could result in single DNA amplicon sized 518 bp only from V. cholerae species. No amplicon bands were produced from 17 other vibrio genomes studied using similar RtxAF-RtxAR primers. A further check showed that the amplicon was indeed part of the rtxA gene of V. cholerae. Based on this in silico study, rtxA gene appeared to be a DNA biomarker of V. cholerae, which is potential to facilitate rapid diagnosis of the virulence bacterium using in silico PCR assay.
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Faruque, Shah M., M. Kamruzzaman, Ismail M. Meraj, Nityananda Chowdhury, G. Balakrish Nair, R. Bradley Sack, Rita R. Colwell, and David A. Sack. "Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.1020-1025.2003.
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ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor which is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes for the biosynthesis of TCP are part of a larger genetic element known as the TCP pathogenicity island. To assess their pathogenic potential, we analyzed environmental strains of V. cholerae carrying genetic variants of the TCP pathogenicity island for colonization of infant mice, susceptibility to CTXΦ, and diarrheagenicity in adult rabbits. Analysis of 14 environmental strains, including 3 strains carrying a new allele of the tcpA gene, 9 strains carrying a new allele of the toxT gene, and 2 strains carrying conventional tcpA and toxT genes, showed that all strains colonized infant mice with various efficiencies in competition with a control El Tor biotype strain of V. cholerae O1. Five of the 14 strains were susceptible to CTXΦ, and these transductants produced CT and caused diarrhea in adult rabbits. These results suggested that the new alleles of the tcpA and toxT genes found in environmental strains of V. cholerae encode biologically active gene products. Detection of functional homologs of the TCP island genes in environmental strains may have implications for understanding the origin and evolution of virulence genes of V. cholerae.
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Ganguly, Arindam, Amrita Banerjee, Asish Mandal, Tapas Kumar Dutta, and Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra. "Study of indigenous freshwater fish diversity of Bankura (West Bengal), India with special reference to Clarias batrachus." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1892.
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A study was conducted to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity in Bankura district of West Bengal. The area is traversed by major and minor rivers, feeder channels, numerous ponds, bills, reservoirs which have made this drought-trodden district as the highest producer of aquatic products within the state. Field survey was conducted in randomly selected local markets covering twenty-two blocks of Bankura. Fish sampling was carried out using various conventional fishing gears. The entire region harbours a wide variety of aquatic fishes. A total number of 92 indigenous fish species belonging to 30 families were identified during this study. The Cyprinidae family dominated the population with its 36 varieties followed by Channidae, Siluridae and Bagridae. Sonamukhi block situated in Shali basin; Sarenga and Raipur of Kangsabati basin; Dwarkeshwar and seven bundhs- enriched Bishnupur were the major habitats of small indigenous fishes. This paper also denotes presence of 12 globally endemic freshwater fish species viz. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo nandina, Tor khudree, Chitala chitala, Bagarius bagarius, Wallago attu, Ompok pabda, Ailia coila, Anguilla bengalensis, Parambassis lala, Oreochromis mossambicus. The substitution of native Clarias batrachus with invasive African catfish C. gariepinus was observed in various local markets. Some traders even promote illicit farming of this banned species for their own profit. As a consequence, the indigenous, nutritionally-enriched C. batrachus is becoming more endangered.
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Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan. "Phytochemicals as PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Inhibitors and Their Role in Breast Cancer Treatment." Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 15, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892815666200910164641.
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Background: Breast cancer is the predominant form of cancer in women; various cellular pathways are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Among the various types of breast cancer that differ in their growth factor receptor status, PI3K/Akt signaling is a common pathway where all these converge. Thus, the PI3K signaling is of great interest as a target for breast cancer prevention; however, it is less explored. Objective: The present review is aimed to provide a concise outline of the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast carcinogenesis and its progression events, including metastasis, drug resistance and stemness. The review emphasizes the role of natural and synthetic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/m- TOR pathway in breast cancer prevention. Methods: The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature. Results: PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays an important role in human breast carcinogenesis; it acts on the initiation and progression events associated with it. Numerous molecules have been isolated and identified as promising drug candidates by targeting the signaling pathway. Results from clinical studies confirm their application in the treatment of human breast cancer alone and in combination with classical chemotherapeutics as well as monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion: PI3K/mTOR signaling blockers have evolved as promising anticancer agents by interfering breast cancer development and progression at various stages. Natural products and bioactive components are emerging as novel inhibitors of PI3K signaling and more research in this area may yield numerous drug candidates.
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Sánchez-Gurmaches, Joan, Lourdes Cruz-Garcia, Joaquím Gutiérrez, and Isabel Navarro. "Endocrine control of oleic acid and glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): R562—R572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2009.
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The effects of insulin and IGF-I on fatty acid (FA) and glucose metabolism were examined using oleic acid or glucose as tracers in differentiated rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) myotubes. Insulin and IGF-I significantly reduced the production of CO2 from oleic acid with respect to the control values. IGF-I also significantly reduced the production of acid-soluble products (ASP) and the concentration of FA in the medium, while cellular triacylglycerols (TAG) tended to increase. Only insulin produced a significant accumulation of glycogen inside the cells in glucose distribution experiments. Incubation with catecholamines did not affect oleic acid metabolism. Cells treated with rapamycin [a target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor] significantly increased the oxidation of oleic acid to CO2 and ASP, while the accumulation of TAG diminished. Rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist) and etomoxir (a CPT-1 inhibitor) produced a severe and significant reduction in the production of CO2 and ASP. Rosiglitazone and etomoxir also produced a significant accumulation of FA outside and inside the cells, respectively. No significant effects of these drugs on glucose distribution were observed. These data indicate that insulin and IGF-I act as anabolic hormones in trout myotubes in both oleic acid and glucose metabolism, although glucose oxidation appears to be less sensitive than FA oxidation to insulin and IGF-I. The use of rapamycin, etomoxir, and rosiglitazone may help us to understand the mechanisms of regulation of lipid metabolism in fish.
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Subhonberdiev, A. Sh, E. V. Titova, D. A. Kustov, and N. N. Lobacheva. "Territory of sustainable development as a tool for investment in the region." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-403-407.
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The article analyzes the causes of priority development territories (TOR), discussed the benefits provided by the state to residents of the top, highlighted the steps of forming the top. The territory of the advanced social and economic development is understood to be part of the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, including a closed administrative and territorial formation, in which, in accordance with the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, a special legal regime for the implementation of entrepreneurial and other activities is established to create favorable conditions for attracting investments, socio-economic development and the creation of comfortable conditions for the provision of livelihoods nosti population. The objectives of the creation of priority development areas are: the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, improving the competitiveness of the economy, creating new jobs and improving the quality of human resources, the alignment of the territorial imbalances, the production of new import-substituting and export-oriented products, and more. The need to attract investment to the territory, not only the problem of the Russian Federation regions and the country as a whole, has become another impetus for the creation of areas of advancing socio-economic development. For residents of the TOP, the following rights are provided: the right to release VAT from the duties of a taxpayer for 10 years from the date of obtaining the status of a TOP resident; establishment of a zero VAT rate in respect of goods (works, services) imported to the TOP for use by TOP residents; use of accelerated depreciation on the objects of depreciable property belonging to them; a lowered rate of corporate income tax. Thanks to the above measures, the cost reduction of business will be from 40%, which will be a huge incentive for business opening in the territories of Eastern Siberia and the Far East.
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Chukanov, Nikita V., Natalia V. Zubkova, Gerhard Möhn, Igor V. Pekov, Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy, Konstantin V. Van, Sergey N. Britvin, and Dmitry Y. Pushcharovsky. "Triazolite, NaCu2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2Cl3·4H2O, a new mineral species containing 1,2,4-triazolate anion, from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.088.
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ABSTRACTThe new mineral triazolite is found in a guano deposit located on the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. Associated minerals are salammoniac, halite, dittmarite, joanneumite, chanabayaite, nitratine, natroxalate and möhnite. Triazolite occurs as deep blue prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm × 0.15 mm × 0.75 mm and their radial aggregates up to 1.5 mm across. The mineral is brittle. Its Mohs hardness is 2.Dcalc= 2.028 g cm–3. The infrared spectrum shows the presence of 1,2,4-triazolate anion and ammonia and water molecules. Triazolite is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.582(4), β = 1.625(3), γ = 1.625(3) and 2Vmeas= 5(3)°. The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data for Cl, Na, Fe and Cu; H, C, N and S contents were measured by gas chromatography of products of ignition at 1200°C; wt.%) is: Na 4.91, Fe 1.51, Cu 22.06, Cl 19.80, S 1.4, C 7.7, H 4.4, N 24.2, O (calc.) 12.83, total 98.81. The empirical formula is Na1.14(Cu1.86Fe0.14)(Cl2.99S0.23)N9.23C3.43H23.34O4.29. The idealized formula is NaCu2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2Cl3·4H2O. Triazolite is a metalorganic ammine complex in which 1,2,4-triazolate anion and ammonia molecule are ligands coordinating Cu2+. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined toR= 0.0242 based on 4210 unique reflections withI> 2σ(I). Triazolite is orthorhombic, space groupP212121,a= 19.3575(5),b= 7.15718(19),c= 12.5020(4) Å,V= 1732.09(8) Å3andZ= 4. The eight strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] are: 10.22 (97) (101), 6.135 (40) (011), 5.696 (17) (301), 5.182 (59) (202), 5.119 (100) (211), 4.854 (19) (400), 3.752 (16) (312, 501), 3.294 (18) (221). Triazolite is named for the presence of 1,2,4-triazolate anion.
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Vetoshkina, I. S., V. S. Solodov, S. P. Subbotin, E. V. Vasileva, T. G. Cherkasova, and A. V. Nevedrov. "Valuable Products from Coal Tar." Coke and Chemistry 62, no. 2 (February 2019): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x1902011x.
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Bivona, Giulia, Bruna Lo Sasso, Luisa Agnello, and Marcello Ciaccio. "FROM THE BLOOD- BRAIN BARRIER TO BEHAVIOR." Acta Neuropsychologica 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2017): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1237451.
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Research in the field of neuropsychoimmunology has enabled the researchers to show that cytokines target the brain to organize a "sickness response," which is fever, activation of hypothalamuspituitary- adrenal axis and behavioural alterations that develop in sick individuals. perypheral cytokines do not act directly on the brain; they trigger the production of cytokines in the brain parenchima itself, with a possible relay at the interface between internal milieeu and the brain, which are endothelial cells and circumven- tricular organs. The affective and behavioural changes that develop during in- fluenza are the product of a transient brain inflammatory response induced by the same proinflammatory cytokines that are produced in the bronchial tree. the cytokine pattern is distal to this phenomenon while the receptor molecules that decipher the molecular nature of microbial pathogens (pathogens associated molecular patterns PAMPs) at the membrane level of cells is a proximal factor. PAMPs are recognized by specialized receptors on innate immune cells that belong to the TOLL/IL-1 like recep-tor family. these receptors are phylogenetically old. the brain uses these receptors to defend itself against something different (several forms of brain injury that have nothing to do with infec- tious pathogens) from infectious pathogens. Assuming that the factors that activate these receptors involve endogenous substances derived by cell death (cell death by-products) is the concept at the origin of the danger theory. Evidence in favor of a citokines role in mediating mood disorders and cognitive disturbances in patients receiving cytokine immunotherapy is fast growing. (capuron e dantzer 2003) Several items of data support the role for cytokines in mediating a variety of non - specific symptoms that develop in patients suffering from disea- ses with an inflammatory component (cad, immunorheumatolic, neuropathologies (Cleeland 2003, Eikelenboom 2002, Gidron 2002, Kiecolt-Glaser and glaser 2002). These non-specific neurovegetative and psychiatric symptoms represent just another facet of the ingflammatory process and they are not necessarily derived from a direct cause-effect chain.
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Celi, Pietro, Peter H. Selle, and Aaron J. Cowieson. "Effects of organic selenium supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, oxidative stress and selenium tissue concentrations in broiler chickens." Animal Production Science 54, no. 7 (2014): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13116.
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The effects of organic selenium (Se) supplementation of diets for broiler chickens were evaluated in the present study. Broiler diets had average background Se concentrations of 0.36 mg/kg Se (control diet) and were supplemented with two organic Se sources, namely BiOnyc® Tor-Sel (selenohomolanthionine = SH) and Alltech’s Sel PlexTM (selenomethionine = SM); their addition increased dietary selenium concentrations by an average of 0.57 mg/kg Se. Their effects on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and oxidative status of broiler chickens were determined. Growth performance was very similar across all dietary treatments; in contrast, significant differences in nutrient utilisation were observed. The N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy value for the control group (14.14 MJ/kg) and SH (14.15 MJ/kg) diet was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that for the SM (13.64 MJ/kg) diet. Alternatively, N retention with the SM (68.4%) diet was significantly (P < 0.005) higher than that for the control (65.2%) and SH (64.5%) diets. Neither of the Se sources influenced plasma concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential and advanced oxidation protein products. The activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase in both plasma and tissues samples and the concentration of plasma glutathione were increased by SH and SM compared with the control group. Our findings suggest that SH and SM improved the antioxidant status of broilers by elevating activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of antioxidant. Both Se supplements significantly (P < 0.001) increased Se concentrations in liver and muscle, and in liver tissue there was no statistical difference between the two supplements. However, SH generated significantly higher Se concentrations in muscle tissue (0.283 versus 0.257; P < 0.005) than did SM. In summary, SH was at least the equivalent to SM as a source of organic Se for broiler chickens under the conditions of the present feeding study. This is reflected in the outcome that SH generated significantly higher Se concentrations in muscle tissue than did the alternative Se supplement.
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Khaokhrueamuang, Amnaj, Piyaporn Chueamchaitrakun, Warinthorn Kachendecha, Yuki Tamari, and Kazuyoshi Nakakoji. "Functioning tourism interpretation on consumer products at the tourist generating region through tea tourism." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-08-2020-0187.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the functions of tourism interpretations of consumer products in a tourist-generating region (TGR) as a means of marketing the tourist destination region (TDR) through tea tourism. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study of the Thai Shizuoka Green Tea brand working to promote tea tourism in Shizuoka, Japan. It is used to identify the functions of tourism interpretations of consumer products in a TGR related to the concept of brand identity. This paper assessed Thai consumers’ opinions on the efficiency of tourism interpretation through a sample of 404 questionnaires and with interviews of ten young females, the primary respondents. Findings Tourism interpretations of the TGR’s consumer products are important for promoting the TDR through five premises: 1) motivating visitors to visit the destination, 2) communicating the place’s meaning, 3) targeting potential tourists, 4) differentiating the destination from other sites and 5) activating value co-creation. Premises 1 and 2 were assumed to stem from visitors’ enjoyment of the tea; the packaging motivated their visit to Shizuoka, its origin. Premise 3 concerns young women who view the product as a premium healthy drink. Premises 4 and 5 are based on the brand’s essence, implying the tea company’s partnership between Thailand and Japan. Originality/value Tourism interpretation plays a significant role in TDRs’ success; however, it can be implemented with other consumer products and an efficient brand identity, to create an image of a destination.
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Kothary, Mahendra H., Heather Lowman, Barbara A. McCardell, and Ben D. Tall. "Purification and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic El Tor-Like Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio fluvialis." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 6 (June 2003): 3213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.6.3213-3220.2003.
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ABSTRACT The halophilic bacterium Vibrio fluvialis is an enteric pathogen that produces an extracellular hemolysin. This hemolysin was purified to homogeneity by using sequential hydrophobic-interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. It has a molecular weight of 63,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.6, and its hemolytic activity is sensitive to heat, proteases, and preincubation with zinc ions. The hemolysin lyses erythrocytes of the eight different animal species that we tested, is cytotoxic against Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture, and elicits fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Lysis of erythrocytes occurs by a temperature-dependent binding step followed by a temperature- and pH-dependent lytic step. Fourteen of the first 20 N-terminal amino acid residues (Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Glu-Ala-Asn-Thr-Leu-Pro-His-Val-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Val-Asn-Arg) are identical to those of the El Tor hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae and the heat-labile hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus. This homology was further confirmed by PCR analysis using a 5′ primer derived from the amino-terminal sequence of the hemolysin and a 3′ primer derived from the El Tor hemolysin structural gene. The hemolysin also reacts with antibodies to the El Tor-like hemolysin of non-O1 V. cholerae.
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Zanovelli Nalevaiko, Jaqueline, Paulo André Cremonez, and Joel Gustavo Teleken. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE SUBPRODUTOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS NA PRODUÇÃO DE BRIQUETES." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18011/bioeng2021v15n1p1-26.
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O atual cenário energético mundial é de busca por combustíveis mais limpos e novas fontes de energia renováveis, com destaque à utilização de biomassa residual. O presente trabalho busca avaliar as características físico-químicas de briquetes produzidos a partir do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, bagaço de mandioca e cama de aviário. Os subprodutos passaram por análises antes e após a briquetação. Foram produzidos briquetes com diferentes percentuais de mistura (M1, M2 e M3). Os briquetes produzidos apresentaram valores de eficiência energética, resistência mecânica e densidade aparente e energética coerentes com valores da literatura e de normativas internacionais. Em relação ao teor de cinzas nenhum deles se enquadra nos parâmetros europeus de fabricação de briquetes. A mistura com melhor eficiência energética foi M2, com poder calorífico de 16,41 MJ/kg e também o menor teor de cinzas, de 7,96%, e melhor relação C/H, porcentagem de hidrogênio e de carbono, sendo assim o de maior potencial energético de queima. A utilização de briquetes produzidos a partir de biomassa residual apresenta muitas vantagens, contribuindo em aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais.
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IMANGAZY, A. M., and B. KAIDAR. "OBTAINING CARBON FIBERS BASED ON COAL TAR BY ELECTROSPINNING METHOD." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.16.
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This research discusses the use of coal-processing wastes of the Shubarkol Deposit (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan) to produce valuable materials such as carbon fibers. Annually «Shubarkol Komir» JSC alone produces up to 35,000 tons of coal tar as byproduct. In this experiment, mesophase pitch was obtained by coal tar heat treatment at 200 o C. By cracking mesophase pitch into the pieces with the addition of poly (methyl methacrylate) as fiber-forming material and 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, the spinnable solution was prepared. The elemental analysis of the mesophase pitch showed that the heat treatment up to 200 o C does not contribute to the full elimination of sulfur containing components that influence the forming of mesophase. From the Raman spectra of the pitch, the D peak appearance at ~ 1370 cm-1 and G peak at ~ 1600 cm-1 responsible for carbon products. Carbon fibers with an average diameter of 2.5-3.3 μm were obtained by electrospinning technique in laboratory settings.
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Miková, Lubica. "DIDACTIC MODEL OF LIFT." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 3(13) (2018): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-3(13)-219-224.
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Urgency of the research. Mechatronics products become more sophisticated and complicated. Mechatronic engineers should be prepared for this complex design process. Practical experimental model helps improve educational process as preparing for practice. Target setting. Miniaturized model of the lift suitable for practical training on subjects focused to microcontrollers, sen-sors, actuators etc. Students have possibility to make practice on laboratory exercises, where they can verify theoretical knowledge obtained on lectures. The arrangement of the model has modular character, because of possibility to rearrange or adding of new function into model. The aim was to create minimized model of real lift with all functions and systems. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Many universities are oriented only to finished robotic kits and do not support creativity of students. Open access and open structure model missing in this field. There is a need for fast prototyping model, which allows the creation of new design of product. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The question of the design of printed circuit board are uninvestigated, because they need more time than allows normal exercises. The research objective. The main aim of educational process is to educate engineers with basic knowledge, skills and handicraft. Practical models help as support devices for fulfil of this aim. All mechatronic students can practice a training on these practical models. They become as more skilled and well-oriented engineers.. The statement of basic materials. Construction consist of upper and lower base plate connected with four pillars used as linear guide for moving of lift cage. Lower base plate includes base microcontrollers boards, resistor network, power transis-tor array board, power supply terminals, relay modules, PWM module and signals terminals. Upper base plate consist of DC motor with gearing and screw mechanism for moving the lift cage. Conclusions. The model enables supports the creativity of the students. The starting point of the using of the model can be without any wired connections. Students should connect every part and try functionality of every function. The students receive the defined several problems and they have to analyze it and make any proposal for solution of defined problems.