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1

Tomčová, Renata. "Testování výkonnosti maziv pro kolejovou dopravu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443211.

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Top-of- rail lubricants are an effective way to control adhesion, reduce contact wear and noise in rail transport. However, despite the widespread use of these lubricants, there is currently no standard defining how to test and evaluate their performance. This work aims to develop a methodology for testing top-of-rail lubricants in a laboratory environment using a tribometer in a ball-on-disk configuration. At first, important operational parameters of experiments are analyzed and experimentally tested. These are mainly wear-in and run-in, method of application, roughness and geometric parameters of contact bodies. The result of this work is a testing methodology that guarantees good repeatability and reliability of results. In the last part of this work, the methodology is verified using commercial top-of-rail lubricants.
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Häßler, Alina, and Bernd Souren. "Which product attributes lead consumers to prefer startups’ products over established companies’ products in the specialty product category? : A study of the electric vehicle market in Germany." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate which product attributes lead consumers to prefer startups’ products over established companies’ products in the specialty product category. The research object is the electric vehicle market in Germany and the product attributes that are researched are alignable attributes, non-alignable attributes and the price. Design/Methodology/Approach – Quantitative data was collected via an internet questionnaire by means of the non-probability sampling techniques convenience and snowball sampling. The data of 408 members of the German Generation Y (age 17 – 38) was used to test six hypotheses by applying ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings – It was found that established companies possess a pioneer advantage in comparison to startups for the specialty product ‘electric vehicle’. This advantage can be overcome when startups differentiate their electric vehicles by implementing superior alignable attributes, a valuable non-alignable attribute or a lower price. Superior alignable attributes had the strongest positive influence on consumers’ preferences towards the startup’s electric vehicle, followed by the lower price and a valuable non-alignable attribute. Limitations/Implications – This study is limited to investigating consumers’ preferences without focusing on the reasons behind the preferences. Further, the category of specialty products is represented by only one example, namely the electric vehicle industry. Practical Implications – Startups can benefit from the results by adopting differentiation strategies that were found to be successful in overcoming pioneer advantage. Originality/Value – This study contributes to pioneer advantage literature by researching how startups can successfully overcome pioneer advantage in the specialty product category.
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Tomaz, Paulo Roberto Ussoni [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e validação de método de análise por cromatografia gasosa para metabólitos polares de folhas de cana-de-açúcar e aplicação na avaliação da influência do teor de 'CO IND. 2' atmosférico na composição de metabólitos polares de cana-de-açucar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97985.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Metabolômica é uma abordagem promissora para o estudo global dos processos ecofisilógicos, monitorando através de técnicas analíticas de alto desempenho o maior número possível de metabólitos micromoleculares de vários órgãos e tecidos de um organismo. Poucos estudos metabolômicos foram desenvolvidos com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), especialmente no Brasil. Nessa abordagem é de suma importância o desenvolvimento e/ou implantação de métodos analíticos robustos para o estudo de ampla gama de metabólitos de um organismo, tanto primários quanto secundários, e sua aplicação no sentido de contribuir para o entendimento a nível molecular dos processos ecofisiológicos desse vegetal. Neste trabalho foi feita a otimização das condições de extração e cromatográficas por CG-FID para análise de metabólitos polares em folhas. Para tal foi utilizado o cultivar RB3280. Posterior à sua implantação, o método foi utilizado para análise do perfil metabólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar, durante seu crescimento, em condições climáticas simuladas de alta concentração de CO2 (720 ppm). O método desenvolvido consiste na extração de folhas de cana-de-açúcar com água contendo ribitol como padrão interno, derivação através de metoximação e trimetilsililação e subseqüente análise por GC-FID utilizando coluna DB-05 e programação de temperatura de 70° C a 290° C, a uma taxa de incremeto de 5o C.min-1. Nessas condições é possível observar cerca de 200 picos cromatográficos. A identificação dos constituintes da amostra através da comparação de índices de retenção, espectros de massas (GC-MS) e busca em bancos metabolômicos disponíveis on line, culminou na identificação de 50 substâncias. No experimento de cultivo sob condição atmosférica controlada foi verificado tendência de aumento de monossacarídeos...
Metabolomics is a promising approach to the study of global ecofisilogics, monitoring through high-performance analytical techniques as many small molecules for metabolites of various organs and tissues of an organism. Few studies have been developed metabolomics with sugar cane (Saccharum spp), especially in Brazil. This approach is of paramount importance to develop and / or deployment of robust analytical methods for studying a wide range of metabolites in an organism, both primary and secondary, and their application in order to contribute to the understanding of the processes at the molecular level of ecophysiological plant. This work was made master of the optimization of extraction and chromatographic conditions for GC-FID for analysis of polar metabolites in leaves. For this was used to cultivate RB3280. After its implementation, the method was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of leaves of sugar cane during its growth in simulated climatic conditions of high CO2 concentration (720 ppm). The method consists of extracting the leaves of cane sugar with water containing Ribitol as internal standard, and lead through metoximation trimetilsililation and subsequent analysis by GC-FID using DB- 5 column and temperature programming from 70 ° C to 290 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C min - 1 increase. Under these conditions it is possible to observe approximately 200 chromatographic peaks. The identification of the sample by comparing retention indices, mass spectra (GC-MS) metabolomics and search available online banks, resulted in the identification of 50 substances. In the experiment of cultivation under controlled atmospheric conditions was observed increasing trend of monosaccharides in plants grown under 750 ppm CO2, and a decrease of constituent not identified yet
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4

Felekoğlu, Burcu. "Top management involvement in new product development projects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610097.

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5

Tomaz, Paulo Roberto Ussoni. "Desenvolvimento e validação de método de análise por cromatografia gasosa para metabólitos polares de folhas de cana-de-açúcar e aplicação na avaliação da influência do teor de 'CO IND. 2' atmosférico na composição de metabólitos polares de cana-de-açucar /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97985.

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Orientador: Alberto José Cavalheiro
Banca: Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
Banca: Renata Colombo
Resumo: Metabolômica é uma abordagem promissora para o estudo global dos processos ecofisilógicos, monitorando através de técnicas analíticas de alto desempenho o maior número possível de metabólitos micromoleculares de vários órgãos e tecidos de um organismo. Poucos estudos metabolômicos foram desenvolvidos com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), especialmente no Brasil. Nessa abordagem é de suma importância o desenvolvimento e/ou implantação de métodos analíticos robustos para o estudo de ampla gama de metabólitos de um organismo, tanto primários quanto secundários, e sua aplicação no sentido de contribuir para o entendimento a nível molecular dos processos ecofisiológicos desse vegetal. Neste trabalho foi feita a otimização das condições de extração e cromatográficas por CG-FID para análise de metabólitos polares em folhas. Para tal foi utilizado o cultivar RB3280. Posterior à sua implantação, o método foi utilizado para análise do perfil metabólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar, durante seu crescimento, em condições climáticas simuladas de alta concentração de CO2 (720 ppm). O método desenvolvido consiste na extração de folhas de cana-de-açúcar com água contendo ribitol como padrão interno, derivação através de metoximação e trimetilsililação e subseqüente análise por GC-FID utilizando coluna DB-05 e programação de temperatura de 70° C a 290° C, a uma taxa de incremeto de 5o C.min-1. Nessas condições é possível observar cerca de 200 picos cromatográficos. A identificação dos constituintes da amostra através da comparação de índices de retenção, espectros de massas (GC-MS) e busca em bancos metabolômicos disponíveis on line, culminou na identificação de 50 substâncias. No experimento de cultivo sob condição atmosférica controlada foi verificado tendência de aumento de monossacarídeos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Metabolomics is a promising approach to the study of global ecofisilogics, monitoring through high-performance analytical techniques as many small molecules for metabolites of various organs and tissues of an organism. Few studies have been developed metabolomics with sugar cane (Saccharum spp), especially in Brazil. This approach is of paramount importance to develop and / or deployment of robust analytical methods for studying a wide range of metabolites in an organism, both primary and secondary, and their application in order to contribute to the understanding of the processes at the molecular level of ecophysiological plant. This work was made master of the optimization of extraction and chromatographic conditions for GC-FID for analysis of polar metabolites in leaves. For this was used to cultivate RB3280. After its implementation, the method was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of leaves of sugar cane during its growth in simulated climatic conditions of high CO2 concentration (720 ppm). The method consists of extracting the leaves of cane sugar with water containing Ribitol as internal standard, and lead through metoximation trimetilsililation and subsequent analysis by GC-FID using DB- 5 column and temperature programming from 70 ° C to 290 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C min - 1 increase. Under these conditions it is possible to observe approximately 200 chromatographic peaks. The identification of the sample by comparing retention indices, mass spectra (GC-MS) metabolomics and search available online banks, resulted in the identification of 50 substances. In the experiment of cultivation under controlled atmospheric conditions was observed increasing trend of monosaccharides in plants grown under 750 ppm CO2, and a decrease of constituent not identified yet
Mestre
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6

Gouvêa, Vinicius Nunes de. "Caroço de algodão em dietas contendo alto teor de concentrado para bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-30032016-105029/.

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Esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo de soja ou de teores de caroço de algodão (CA) em dietas contendo alto teor de concentrado para bovinos confinados. No experimento I foram utilizados seis bovinos machos, castrados, da raça Nelore (407 ± 24 kg de peso corporal), distribuídos em um delineamento em Quadrado Latino 6 x 6. Foram avaliados 5 teores de inclusão (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32%) de CA em dietas contendo 80% de concentrado (tratamentos CA0, CA8, CA16, CA24 e CA32, respectivamente). Além disso, foi avaliada uma dieta contendo o mesmo teor de lipídios totais da dieta CA32, porém sem a inclusão de caroço de algodão, utilizando óleo de soja (tratamento OS). A inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta reduziu (efeito linear, P < 0,01) o consumo de matéria seca e o consumo de matéria orgânica dos animais. A digestibilidade aparente total da MS (P = 0,019) e da MO (P = 0,020) reduziu linearmente devido à inclusão de CA na dieta dos animais. A inclusão de óleo de soja na dieta não afetou o digestibilidade da MS (P = 0,462) e da MO (P = 0,469) dos animais em comparação aos animais alimentados com a dieta controle, sem CA, assim como também não foram observados efeito da fonte de lipídios sobre a digestibilidade da MS (P = 0,124) e da MO (P = 0,110). O tempo de ruminação aumentou linearmente (P = 0,002) em resposta a inclusão de CA. O pH ruminal dos animais aumentou (efeito quadrático, P < 0,05) em resposta à inclusão de caroço de algodão nas dietas. O inclusão de óleo de soja na dieta não afetou (P = 0,329) o pH ruminal dos animais em comparação com a dieta controle sem CA. A produção total de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta reduziu (P < 0,001; efeito linear) devido à inclusão de CA. A síntese de Pmic reduziu linearmente (P = 0,011) em resposta a inclusão de CA na dieta. No experimento II, foram utilizados 280 bovinos machos, da raça Nelore e peso médio inicial de 349 ± 33 kg, distribuídos em 40 baias. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos incompletos casualizados. O máximo peso final foi obtido com inclusões de 7,6% de CA. A inclusão de CA na dieta reduziu o CMS dos animais (P < 0,001). A inclusão de óleo de soja reduziu o CMS dos animais (P < 0,05) em comparação com os animais alimentados com a dieta controle sem caroço de algodão. O máximo GPD foi observado com 8% de inclusão de CA na dieta. A máxima EA ocorreu com 14,5% de CA na dieta. Os dados referentes as característica da carcaça (PQC, RC, AOL e EGS) também apresentaram resposta quadrática (P < 0,05) à inclusão de CA na dieta. Comparado ao tratamento controle, sem CA na dieta, a inclusão de óleo de soja não afetou nenhuma das características da carcaça avaliadas (P > 0,05). As características químicas da carne não diferiram (P > 0,05) entre os animais alimentados com dietas contendo 32% de CA daqueles alimentados com óleo de soja. A oxidação dos lipídios (TBARS) apresentou redução (efeito quadrático; P = 0,035) devido à inclusão de CA na dieta. Na avaliação sensorial da carne assada realizada através do painel consumidor, não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos sobre o sabor, odor e aceitabilidade geral da carne (P > 0,05). Na avaliação das características organolépticas da carne realizada pelos provadores treinados também não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos sobre o odor, sabor e aceitabilidade geral (P > 0,05). No experimento III, avaliou-se a cinética de fermentação ruminal do milho e do caroço de algodão através da produção cumulativa de gases. Foram utilizados cinco frascos (repetições) contendo 1g de substrato (milho ou CA) além de 5 frascos “brancos” (sem substrato). As leituras de pressão e volume dos gases acumulados nos frascos de incubação foram realizadas com transdutor de pressão nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas. O milho apresentou um maior potencial de produção de gases quando comparado ao caroço de algodão (P < 0,001). O tempo de colonização não apresentou diferença entre as duas fontes de energia (P = 0,646). O caroço de algodão apresentou uma maior taxa de degradação comparado com o milho (P = 0,001) e, consequentemente, para a redução (P < 0,001) do tempo necessário para atingir a máxima produção de gás. O milho apresentou uma maior potencial de degradação quando comparado com o caroço de algodão, resultado esse que pode ser observado pelo maior produção de gases. Apesar não suportar um grande potencial de degradação, parte da fração fribrosa do caroço de algodão apresentou alta degradabilidade, o que pode ser observado na sua maior taxa de degradação quando comparado com o milho
Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of levels of whole cottonseed (WC) or soybean oil (SO) in diets for Nellore feedlot cattle. In the experiment I six rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (407 ± 24 kg BW) were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design experiment. Were evaluated 5 levels of inclusion of WC (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32% DM basis) in diets containing 87% concentrate (treatments WC0, WC 8, WC16, WC24 and WC32 respectively). Also, it was evaluated a diet containing the same amount of total fat content of WC32 but with no WC and using soybean oil (SO treatment). Increasing WC levels linearly decreased DM and OM intake (P < 0.01). CP and NDF intakes were not affected by the treatments. Total fat digestibility linearly increased due the WC increase in the diets (P < 0.001). Total DM (P = 0.019) and OM (P = 0.020) digestibilities linearly decreased with increasing levels of WC. SO inclusion did not affect DM (P = 0.462) and OM (P = 0,469) digestibilities compared with CA0 and there was no effect of fat source over DM (P = 0.124) and OM (P = 0.110) digestibilities. Rumination time linearly increased due the WC inclusion (P = 0,002). Increasing WC levels quadratically increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05) but no effect was observed with the SO addiction in the diet (P = 0.329) compared with CA0. Total VFA was linearly decreased with increasing levels of WC (P < 0.001). Increasing levels of WC linearly decreased the microbial protein synthesis (P = 0.011). In the experiment II a total of 280 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 349 ± 33 kg) were allotted in 40 pens. The statistical design was randomized incomplete blocks. The maximum final BW was obtained with 7.6% of inclusion of WC. Increasing levels of WC decreased DMI (P < 0.001). Adding SO also decreased DMI (P < 0.05) compared with WC0. Increasing the inclusion rate of WC quadractically increased the ADG, G:F, HCW, dressing percent, LM area and 12-rib fat (P < 0.05). The maximum ADG were obtained with 8% of inclusion of WC. On the other hand, the maximum G:F was obtained with 14.5% of WC. Compared with WC0, the SO inclusion did not affect carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). The inclusion of WC quadractically affect meat composition (P < 0.05). Compared with CA32, the inclusion of SO in the diet did not affect the meat composition. Increasing WC in the diets quadratically decrease (P = 0.035) lipid oxidation. No effects were observed in the sensorial evaluation flavor, taste and overall acceptability by the costumers (P > 0.05). Training sensory panelists also did not find differences between the treatments for flavor and taste. Increasing WC linearly decreased the tenderness (P = 0.045). Compared with CA32, the inclusion of SO increased meat tenderness (P = 0.031). In the experiment III was evaluated the ruminal fermentation kinetics of corn and cottonseed through the in vitro gas production technique. Five bottles for each energy source (corn and cottonseed), plus five additional bottles containing buffered medium and rumen fluid inoculum only (blanks) were used. The volume of gas produced was recorded at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72 e 96 h of incubation using the pressure reading technique. Gas values were corrected for blank incubations. The corn had greater gas production than cottonseed (P < 0.001). Lag time was not different between the two energy sources (P = 0.646). Cottonseed had higher FDR than corn (P = 0.001) and shorter time to half asymptote (P < 0.001). Corn had higher potential of degradation compared with cottonseed observed by the higher gas production. Moreover, even with lower potential of degradation, the cottonseed fibrous fraction had a high degradability compared to corn
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Shibao, Julianna. "Avaliação do teor de produtos da reação de Maillard (PRM) em cereais matinais e café." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-13072010-102913/.

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INTRODUÇÃO Produtos intermediários da reação de Maillard e da peroxidação, como os compostos dicarbonílicos, reagem facilmente com grupamentos aminas de proteínas e ácidos nucléicos levando a modificações biológicas que podem resultar em patologias observadas no diabetes, aterosclerose e doenças neurodegenerativas. O consumo de Produtos da Reação de Maillard (PRM) aumentou nas últimas décadas e há evidências de que estas substâncias são absorvidas e podem tomar parte em processos patológicos, embora ainda não haja consenso sobre os possíveis efeitos deletério à saúde a partir do aumento de sua ingestão. Ressalta-se a necessidade de estimar o consumo destes PRMs a partir de dados sobre os conteúdos e a ingestão habitual do alimento em questão como cereais matinais e café. Objetivos: a) validar metodologia para quantificar indicadores da reação de Maillard: hidroximetilfurfural (HMF), furosina (FUR), carboximetilisina (CML) e Compostos Intermediários Fluorescentes (CIF) em cereais matinais (flocos e granola) e café; b) avaliar se há diferenças nos teores desses compostos nas diferentes marcas destes produtos comercializados em São Paulo; METODOLOGIA: Foram analisados dois lotes de três marcas de cereais do tipo flocos, três marcas de cereais do tipo granola e cinco marcas de café presentes em 100 por cento dos hipermercados visitados no município de São Paulo. A validação da metodologia para quantificação, empregando HPLC, consistiu no cálculo da exatidão (recuperação), repetibilidade e sensibilidade para os compostos: HMF e FUR. Foram determinados os teores de CIF por espectrofotometria de fluorescência e os teores de CML por teste imunoenzimático. RESULTADOS: Os métodos de determinação de FUR e HMF foram validados conforme o Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e 9 Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO). O teor médio de CIF livre e total foram maiores para as amostras de café, com média de 232CIF/mg e 765CIF/mg respectivamente. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) no teor de CIF livre e total entre os flocos F1 e F2. O mesmo foi observado para a granola marcas. G1, G2 e G3 A granola foi o produto com maior teor médio de HMF (67,5mg/Kg) e furosina (301mg/100g de proteína). A FUR não foi detectado nas amostras de café. Todas as marcas dos alimentos estudados para os indicadores HMF e FUR apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). O café apresentou maior teor médio de CML (1823,5ng/mg de proteína), sem diferença entre as marcas (p>0,05) CONCLUSÕES: Os cereais do tipo flocos contribuem para maior ingestão de PRMs da fase inicial da reação de Maillard (RM), a granola contribui para maior ingestão de PRMs da fase intermediária da RM e o café contribui de forma significativa para maior ingestão de PRMs da fase avançada da RM. O café, por ser submetido a tratamento térmico mais severo apresenta maior concentração de PRMs da fase avançada da reação
INTRODUCTION Maillard reaction products and lipid peroxidation, such as dicarbonyl compounds easily react with amino groups of proteins and nucleic acids leading to biological changes that can result in complications in diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative. The consumption of Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) has increased in recent decades and there is evidence that these substances are absorbed and can participate in pathological processes, although there is no consensus about the possible harmful health effects from their intake. We highlight the need to identify the consumption of MRP, mainly in vulnerable populations like children and diabetics, in order to establish acceptable daily intakes and guidelines for the food industry. OBJECTIVES: a) validate the methodology to measure indicators of the Maillard reaction: hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Furosine (RUF) carboxymethylysine (CML) and fluorescent intermediate compounds (FIC) in breakfast cereals (corn flakes and granola) and coffee, b) to evaluate if there are differences in the levels of these compounds contents among brands commercialized in São Paulo METHODS: two lots of 3 brands of flakes cereal, 3 brands of granola and 5 coffee brands present in 100 per cent of supermarkets visited in the city Sao Paulo were analyzed. HPLC methodology validation was assessed by determining accuracy (recovery), repeatability, and sensibility (linearity, limits of detection and quantitation) for the compounds: HMF and FUR. The contents of the Fluorescent Intermediary compounds (FIC) was measured by spectrophotometric method and the levels of CML by ELISA. RESULTS: Calibration curves determination coefficient (r 2) were higher than 0,99 for all compounds. Recovery ranged from 84 to 110 per cent and repeatability average was 3,5 per cent. The average content of free and total FIC was higher for coffee 232CIF/mg and 765CIF/mg respectively. The brands of granola and flakes was similar but just brands F1 and F2 was similar between brands (p<0,05). For HMF the higher values were for granola 67,5mg/kg. The presence of dried fruit in these grains may 11 have contributed significantly to the higher rate of this indicator. For indicator FUR average was higher in granola samples (301mg/100g of protein) and it was not possible to quantify the levels of FUR for coffee. All brands analyzed for HMF and FUR was similar (p<0,05). CML average was higher for coffee (1823,5ng/mg of protein). The brands analyzed was similar for all samples (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Flakes contribute to higher intake of MRPs from early stage of the Maillard reaction (MR), the granola contributes to higher intake of MRPs from intermediate phase of MR and coffee contributes significantly to higher intake of final MRPs. Data suggest that coffee has more severe thermal treatment causing a higher concentration of MRPs from the final phase of the MR
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Nyman, Oscar. "Towards a quality control for cloud top pressure and cloud top height products." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61977.

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Cloud top height plays an important roll in the energy budget and is also important for aviation. This thesis concerns the quality control of cloud top height (CTH) retrievals. The approach for quality controlling retrieved CTH has been using the forward simulating software RTTOV. An error estimation function has been developed as well as an investigation to what simplifications can be done regarding the forward simulations for CTH purposes at SMHI. The purpose of the error estimation function is to validate CTH output from CTH retrieval algorithms by giving a rough error estimate of the retrieved CTH compared to what forward simulations predict. For simplifying the forward simulations the most promising results have been shown for lower clouds. Further testing is still of interest and for future work suggestions are provided regarding the error estimation function as well as for simplifying the forward simulations.
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Sartori, Sergio Birello. "Potencial metabólico de fungos endofíticos de plantas do gênero Anthurium da Ilha de Alcatrazes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-29112016-141525/.

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Fungos endofíticos estão presentes em plantas de diversos ambientes e produzem compostos com amplas propriedades químicas e aplicações, tanto na área médico-farmacológica quanto na agronômica. Entretanto, ainda há muito a ser investigado sobre seu potencial biotecnológico, principalmente em locais pouco explorados. As ilhas apresentam um ambiente particular e altamente vulnerável, tornando-as locais promissores na busca de organismos pouco comuns ou ainda endêmicos. Sendo assim, neste trabalho foi realizado o isolamento e estudo químico e biológico de fungos endofíticos isolados de 2 espécies plantas do gênero Anthurium da Ilha de Alcatrazes-SP. Para isto, fragmentos foliares das plantas A. loefgrenii (HRCB 46467) e A. alctrazense (HRCB 46465 - endêmica da ilha) foram inoculados em 10 meios de cultivo com diferentes composições, resultando no isolamento de 106 fungos endofíticos. Por meio de análises químicas por MALDI-TOF-MS e ensaio biológico contra fitopatógenos, foram selecionados 3 fungos para estudo. Estes foram identificados por técnicas morfológicas e moleculares como sendo Penicillium citrinum (P2MSF2F3), Penicillium simplicissimum (P210-4F2) e Aureobasidium melanogenum (P7AF2F3). No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de P. citrinum foi isolado o composto citrinina, o qual apresentou atividade inibitória do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MIC= 125 μg mL-1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC= 0,48 μg mL-1), Phomopsis sojae (MIC= 250 μg mL-1) e Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (MIC= 125 μg mL-1). Outras frações obtidas do meio metabólico de P. citrinum (fração F3a3 e citrinina) apresentaram atividade inibitória (100% de inibição) à formas promastigotas de Leishmania infantum. No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de P. simplicissimum foi obtida a fração F2b, ativa contra L. infantum (100% de inibição), da qual foram isolados os compostos andrastina A e penicisoquinolina, sendo o primeiro relato de sua produção por esta espécie, além de outros 5 compostos ainda não identificados. No estudo dos metabólitos secundários de A. melanogenum foi isolado o composto metil-orselinato, relatado pela primeira vez para este fungo. Do mesmo fungo foi obtida a fração F1d2l ativa contra L. infantum (100% inibição), da qual foram isolados 2 compostos ainda não identificados. Este é o primeiro relato de fungos isolados de antúrios da ilha de Alcatrazes, bem como do estudo de seus metabólitos secundários. Este trabalho apresenta contribuição no conhecimento sobre fungos endofíticos e seu potencial metabólico, com aplicações nas áreas agronômica e médico-farmacológica.
Endophytic fungi are present in plants in various environments and produce compounds with wide chemical properties and applications, both in the medical and in agronomic field. However, much remains to be investigated about their biotechnological potential, especially in unexplored places. Islands have a particular and highly vulnerable environment, making them promising sites in search of unusual or endemic organisms. Thus, this work represents the isolation and chemical and biological study of endophytic fungi isolated from 2 species of plants of the genus Anthurium of Alcatrazes island-SP. For this, leaf fragments from plants A. loefgrenii (HRCB 46467) and A. alcatrazense (HRCB 46465 - endemic plant from the Island) were inoculated onto 10 culture media with different composition, resulting in the isolation of 106 endophytic fungi. Three strains were selected to be studied through chemical analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS and bioassay against phytopathogens. These were identified by morphological and molecular techniques as Penicillium citrinum (P2MSF2F3), Penicillium simplicissimum (P210-4F2) and Aureobasidium melanogenum (P7AF2F3). In the study of secondary metabolites of P. citrinum it was isolated the compound citrinin, which showed inibitory activity against the plant pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MIC= 125 μg mL-1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (MIC= 0.48 μg mL-1), Phomopsis sojae (MIC= 250 μg mL-1) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (MIC= 125 μg mL-1). Other fraction obtained from the metabolic extract of P. citrinum (F3a3 fraction and citrinin), showed inibitory activity (100% inibition) to Leishmania infantum promastigotes. In the study of secondary metabolites of P. simplicissimum it was obtained F2b fraction, active against L. infantum (100% inhibition), which were isolated andrastin A and penicisoquinoline compounds, the first report of its production for this species, as well 5 unidentified compounds. In the study of secondary metabolites from A. melanogenum was isolated the methyl-orsellinate compound, first reported for this fungus. From the same strain was obtained F1d2l fraction, active against L. infantum (100% inhibition), from which were isolated 2 unidentified compounds. This is the first report of fungi isolated from Alcatrazes Island anthuriums and the study of their secondary metabolites. This study presents contribution to knowledge of endophytic fungi and their metabolic potential with applications in the medical and agronomic fields.
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10

Piovani, Laura. "Study of low environmental coating products: bio-based water products and solvent based products deriving from PET recycling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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In this study three different projects are presented.The first consist in the analysis of two different bio resins with which a white and a transparent water-based base coat, a transparent water-based top coat and a water-based hydro-oil are formulated, applied and characterized, replacing the fossil based resins. First, the two bio resins are analyzed in terms of compatibility with other resins, additives and solvents and then the products formulated are characterized in terms of viscosity and chemical resistances. After the application, the products are analyzed in terms of filming capacity. The second project consists in formulating a coating system using the bio resin, suitable for use on bamboo toothbrushes in order to avoid the formation of mold. In particular two different formulations with two different viscosities are tested after having subjected the toothbrush to different pre-treatments based on H2O2 30 volumes, saturated solution of AgNO3. The third project consists in the formulation of two solvent-based clear coating systems: a base coat with a matte top coat and a base coat with a glossy top coat. For both systems an alkyd resin is used, whose fatty acid part consists of olive fatty acids, containing 12-14% recycled PET. The two system are formulated, applied and characterized in terms of viscosity, specific weight, transparency, elasticity, sand ability and chemical resistances. A comparison is made with the same products produced using the fossil based resins.The results show that the products formulated using the bio resins have similar characteristics of the standard resins therefore the bio products can replace the fossil based one. The toothbrushes coated with the coating system using the two new formulations are more resistant to the formation of mold. Finally, the two solvent-based coating system formulated using a resin containing PET can replace a coating system formulated with fossil based resin as they present similar characteristics.
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11

Carvalho, Larissa Tátero. "Parâmetros tecnológicos, aceitação sensorial e sensação de saciedade após consumo de hambúrguer bovino com adição de fibra de trigo e teor de gordura reduzido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-03022016-133007/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes adições de fibra de trigo em substituição a carne e gordura sobre características tecnológicas, de aceitação sensorial e de satisfação da fome em hambúrguer bovino. A princípio, o objetivo era desenvolver hambúrgueres com diferentes adições de farelo de aveia com substituição parcial e total do teor de gordura, no entanto, os resultados em relação à aceitação sensorial foram bastante negativos. Em função disso, a proposta foi alterada para a inclusão de diferentes níveis de adição de fibra de trigo em substituição a carne e gordura. Cinco diferentes tratamentos foram processados: hambúrguer com 77,6% de carne bovina, 19,4% de toucinho, 0% de fibra de trigo e água (Controle), hambúrguer com 68,9% de carne bovina, 17,2% de gordura suína, 1,6% de fibra de trigo e 9,4% de água (1,5% de Fibra), hambúrguer com 60,1% de carne bovina, 15,0% de gordura suína, 3,1% de fibra de trigo e 18,8% de água (3% de Fibra), hambúrguer com 51,4% de carne bovina, 12,8% de gordura suína, 4,7% de fibra de trigo e 28,1 de água (4,5% de Fibra) e hambúrguer com 42,6% de carne bovina, 10,7% de gordura suína, 6,3% de fibra de trigo e 37,5% de água (6% de Fibra). Foram analisados teores de proteínas, lipídios, umidade, cinzas, pH, textura, cor, perda após cocção e redução de diâmetro. Para avaliação sensorial utilizou-se a escala hedônica de nove pontos, com 103 consumidores que avaliaram os parâmetros sabor, textura, suculência e aceitação global. A análise de saciedade foi realizada com 34 avaliadores que anotaram em uma escala visual analógica o quanto estavam sentindo de fome antes e a cada hora após o consumo, até 3 horas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Na análise físico-química e centesimal, quanto maior a adição de fibra de trigo menor o teor de proteína e lipídio. A umidade foi maior quando o teor de carne/gordura foi reduzido e a fibra de trigo aumentada no hambúrguer. Nas análises de cinzas, pH e perdas após cocção não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05). Na redução de diâmetro quanto maior a redução de carne/gordura e maior a adição de fibra de trigo menor o diâmetro do hambúrguer. Na análise de textura, houve uma correlação negativa entre adição de fibra de trigo e dureza. Para elasticidade, a amostra Controle diferiu significativamente (p<0,05) das amostras 4,5% de Fibra e 6% de Fibra. Para a mastigabilidade, quanto maior a quantidade de carne/gordura e menor a quantidade de fibra de trigo maior a energia requerida para mastigar o alimento. E, para coesividade, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05). Na análise de cor, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) nos atributos a* e b* porém, no atributo L* todas as amostras diferiram significativamente (p<0,05) da amostra Controle. Na análise sensorial, as amostras Controle, 1,5% de Fibra, 3% de Fibra e 4,5% de Fibra obtiveram os maiores valores entre 6,64 e 7,63 e, a amostra com 6% de Fibra obtive os menores valores entre 5,82 e 6,91. Na análise de saciedade verificou-se uma redução da sensação de fome logo após o consumo do hambúrguer e um aumento da sensação de fome ao longo de três horas e, ao final, a sensação de fome retornou ao patamar inicial. Assim, a fibra de trigo pode ser usada como um substituto de carne/gordura em hambúrguer bovino somente até o nível de 3% de Fibra.
The aim of this study was evaluate the different effects of adding wheat fiber to replace meat and fat on technological characteristics of sensory acceptance and hunger satisfaction in beef burger. At first, the aim was to develop burgers with different effects of adding oat bran to replace partial and total of fat, however, the results regarding the sensory acceptance were very negative. Because of this, the proposal was modified to include different levels of adding wheat fiber to replace the meat and fat. Five different treatments were processed: hamburger with 77,6% of beef, 19,4% of fat, 0% wheat fiber and water (Control), hamburger with 68,9% of beef, 17,2% of pork fat, 1,6% of wheat fiber and 9,4% of water (1,5% Fiber), hamburger with 60,1% of beef, 15,0% of pork fat, 3,1% of wheat fiber and 18,8% of water (3% Fiber), hamburger with 51,4% of beef, 12,8% of pork fat, 4,7% of wheat fiber and 28,1% of water (4,5% Fiber) and hamburger with 42,6% of beef, 10,7% of pork fat, 6,3% of wheat fiber and 37,5% of water (6% Fiber). Protein concentrations, fat, moisture, ash, pH, texture, color, loss after cooking and reduction in diameter were determined. For sensory evaluation a hedonic scale of nine points was used, with 103 consumers who evaluated the flavor, texture, juiciness and overall acceptance parameters. Satiety analysis was performed with 34 evaluators who noted down on a visual analog scale how much they were feeling hungry before and every hour after consumption, up to 3 hours. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey\'s test at 5% level. In physical-chemical and centesimal analysis, the higher the addition of low wheat fiber protein, the lower the protein and lipid content. The moisture was higher when the content of meat/fat was reduced and the wheat fiber increased in the burger. In the analyzes of ash, pH and losses after cooking there was no significant difference (p>0,05). In diameter reduction, the higher the reduction of meat/fat ratio and the higher the wheat fiber addition, the lower the hamburger diameter was. In texture analysis, there was a negative correlation between addition of wheat fiber and hardness. For elasticity, the Control Fiber sample differed significantly (p<0,05) from samples 4,5% Fiber and 6% Fiber. For chewability, the greater the amount of meat/fat and the lower the amount of wheat fiber, the higher the required energy to chew food. And for cohesiveness, there was no significant difference (p>0,05). In color analysis, no significant difference (p>0,05) in the attributes a* and b* but in the L* attribute all samples differed significantly (p<0,05) from Control. In the sensory analysis, the Control, 1,5% Fiber, 3% Fiber and 4,5% Fiber samples obtained the highest values between 6,64 and 7,63 and the 6% Fiber sample got the lowest values between 5,82 and 6,91. In satiety analysis, a reduction in the feeling of hunger had been found right after the hamburger consumption, a hunger increase over a period of three hours, and at the end the feeling of hunger returned to the initial level. Thus, wheat fiber can be used as a substitute for meat/fat beef burger only until the level of 3% Fiber.
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12

Takekawa, T. "Chemistry of mesophase formation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379323.

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13

Caldeira, Alisson Samuel Portes. "Estudo de degradação forçada, desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico de teor e substâncias relacionadas para avaliação da estabilidade de comprimidos de leflunomida." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. http://beta.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14590.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
A leflunomida (LF) é um pró-fármaco antireumático pertencente ao grupo de fármacos modificadores do curso da doença, sendo empregada no tratamento da artrite reumatóide. Encontram-se disponíveis no mercado e medicamentos referência ARAVA produzido pela empresa Sanofi Aventis e as versões genéricas fabricadas pelas indústrias farmacêuticas Aché, Biosintética, Cristália, Marinha do Brasil e Zodiac. Para registro de um produto farmacêutico no Brasil, deve-se seguir as exigências da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, que requer, dentre vários documentos, o estudo de estabilidade do medicamento e questão. Este estudo deve incluir diversos testes, sendo que a determinação do teor do fármaco e suas substâncias relacionadas são fundamentais para se compreender e determinar o prazo de validade de um produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar uma metodologia analítica de teor e substâncias que permitisse avaliar a estabilidade dos comprimidos de L.F. Foram realizados estudos de degradação forçada no insumo farmacêutico ativo e no protótipo de comprimidos de L.F. proposto pela Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), empregando a hidrólise ácida, hidrólise alcalina, oxidação, degradação térmica e fotolítica. As amostras degradadas deram subsídio para o desenvolvimento e validação de um método, por cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência, para determinação do teor e suas substâncias relacionadas. Uma coluna C18 (125x4,0mm, 5µm, a 25° graus Celcius), uma fase móvel em eluição, gradiente de acetato de amônio 10mM:acetonitrila (0 min-70:30; 15min-20:80; 16min-70:30 e 20 min-70:30) e um detector no ultravioleta (261nm) foram empregados para se atingir uma resolução adequada na separação da L.F. e suas substâncias relacionadas. Foram realizados os testes de degradação forçada, sendo que a hidrólise básica gerou apenas um produto de degradação (r=0,33), enquanto a ácida proporcionou o surgimento de dois(r=0,33 e 0,77); onze substâncias surgiram após a oxidação (r=0,16; 0,21; 0,41; 0,48; 0,58; 0,64; 0,67; 0,73; 0,78; 0,82 e 0,86). O método em eluição gradiente foi então validado de acordo com as diretrizes da RE n° 899 de 05/2003 da ANVISA e do DOQ-CGCRE-008 do INMETRO. A linearidade, na faixa de 10-60 µg/mL, foi demonstrada utilizando ANOVA (Fcalculado < Fcrítico). Comprovou-se as precisões intra-corrida (DPR≤3,3%) e intra-corrida (DPR≤5,0%) nas concentrações de 20; 40 e 60 µg/mL aplicando ANOVA. A exatidão variou de 98, 30% a 102,36% e a robustez foi satisfatória em todas as condições avaliadas. Aestabilidade dos comprimidos de LF, nas embalagens blíster de cloreto de polivinilideno e frasco de polietileno, foi então avaliada utilizando o método validado, sendo que em ambas foram quantificados os produtos da hidrólise alcalina (r=0,33) e da hidrólise ácida (r=0,77). Os resultados do estudo de estabilidade da formulação foram insatisfatórios para a LF devido à queda no seu teor superior a 5% no estudo acelerado e de longa duração em ambas embalagens. Pode-se concluir que o método indicativo de estabilidade foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso para a quantificação do teor e substâncias relacionadas. Portanto, este método pode ser empregado na indústria farmacêutica tanto para o controle de qualidade quanto para avaliação dos estudos de estabilidade de comprimidos de LF.
Leflunomide (LF) is a prodrug of the disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used in rheumatoid arthritis. It is commercially available in tablet presentations of 10, 20 and 100 mg. The reference drug ARAVA reference manufactured by Sanofi Aventis and generic versions manufactured by pharmaceutical companies Aché, Biosintética, Cristália, Brazil's Navy and Zodiac are available in the market. For registration of a pharmaceutical product in Brazil it must follow the requirements of Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, which demands, among many documents, the stability study of the product concerned. This study should include several tests, and the determination of drug content and its related substances are fundamental to determine the shelf life of a product. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an assay and related substances analytical methodology that allow to evaluating the stability of the LF tablets. Forced degradation were perfomed on active pharmaceutical ingredient and LF tablets prototype proposed by FUNED, employing acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradation. The degraded samples allowed the development and validation of a liquid chromatography high efficiency method to determine the drug and its related substances. A C18 column (125x4,0mm, 5μm, 25 ° Celcius), a gradiente mobile phase of 10mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (0 min-70: 30; 15 min, 20: 80; 16min-70: 30 and 20 min-70: 30), and a ultraviolet detector (261nm) were used to achieve adequate resolution in the separation of LF and its related substances. Forced degradation test waere performed, which generated only one basic hydrolysis degradation product (r = 0.33), while the acidic gave the rise of two (r = 0.33 and 0.77); eleven substances arose after oxidation (r = 0.16; 0.21; 0.41; 0.48; 0.58; 0.64; 0.67; 0.73; 0.78; 0.82 and 0 , 86). The gradient method was then validated accordance to ANVISA RE No. 899 05/2003 and INMETRO DOQ-CGCRE-008 guidelines. The linearity in the range of 10-60 mg / mL was demonstrated using ANOVA (Fcalculado
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14

Cordeiro, Daniela. "Propriedades tecnológicas e aceitação sensorial de produtos cárneos empanados com alto teor de grãos inteiros, farinhas, farelos e flocos de cereais." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255087.

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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Atualmente os consumidores estão cada vez mais interessados no consumo de alimentos com apelos para a promoção da saúde. No desenvolvimento de produtos cárneos com características funcionais, os cereais, os quais possuem uma grande proporção de fibra insolúvel, têm vantagens fisiológicas e tecnológicas por serem constituídos principalmente de celulose. Destacam-se a capacidade de ligação de água e gordura e também a capacidade de reduzir custos de formulação. Sob este aspecto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar e desenvolver formulações de produtos cárneos reestruturados empanados com alto teor de grão inteiro, farinhas, farelos e flocos de cereais integrais garantindo suas características tecnológicas e sensoriais. Primeiramente, foi realizada a seleção e avaliação das propriedades tecnológicas de diferentes cereais para combiná-los na forma de blends de cereais, através de analise físicoquímica e sensorial. A seguir, foi realizado o estudo do efeito da adição de diferentes blend de cereais (6% a 24%) em produto cárneo reestruturado empanado com avaliação das propriedades tecnológicas através da metodologia de superfície de resposta. Foram estudadas como variáveis respostas: umidade, absorção de óleo, textura, cor, bem como a qualidade sensorial geral e os atributos de aparência, cor interna e externa, textura e em especial crocância e sabor. Finalmente, foi estudada a influência dos métodos de cocção (fritura em óleo, forno convencional e forno microondas) sobre empanados de frango adicionados de sete tipos de cereais integrais. A seleção dos cereais e elaboração dos blends com sete tipos de cereais resultaram em teores adequados de proteínas (14,52%), lipídeos (10,39%) e carboidratos (62,72%) e um bom índice de capacidade de retenção de água (4,8). Nos produtos empanados a menor absorção de óleo foi para a formulação com 15% blends. A adição de até 24% de cereais integrais resultou num bom desempenho de textura e cor objetiva para os produtos empanados fritos. Em produtos empanados pré-fritos, houve um aumento na intensidade da cor amarela devido à adição dos blends de grãos e farinhas. Do ponto de vista sensorial os empanados adicionados de sete tipos de cereais integrais apresentar 97% de aceitação e 91% de intenção de compra pelo painel de consumidores, não diferindo da formulação controle. Os produtos submetidos ao forno microondas com 0% e 15% de cereais integrais, obtiveram os maiores porcentuais de umidade e lipídeos em comparação aos produtos cozidos em forno convencional, maior luminosidade e menor intensidade de vermelho, menor força de cisalhamento e as menores notas atribuídas pelos provadores em todos os atributos sensoriais, caracterizando um produto úmido, flácido, claro e sem crocância. Este trabalho permitiu a elaboração de um produto cárneo reestruturado empanado com alto teor de cereais integrais com boa aceitação sensorial, sendo necessários mais estudos para otimizar a substituição do processo de fritura por forneamento ou cocção em microondas
Abstract: Currently consumers are increasingly interested in food consumption with appeals for the promotion of health. In the development of meat products with functional features, cereals, which have a high proportion of insoluble fiber, have physiological and technological advantages because they are made primarily of cellulose. In this respect, this work was to study and develop formulations restructured breaded meat product with high content of whole grain, flour, bran and flakes, cereals and ensuring their sensory acceptance and technological. First, we performed the selection and evaluation of technological properties of different cereals and combine them in the form of blends of cereals, through physicalchemical analysis and sensory acceptance. Next, we performed a study of the effect of adding different blend of cereals (6% to 24%) in restructured breaded meat product and technological properties evaluation by response surface methodology. Were studied as variables response: moisture, oil absorption, texture, color sensory acceptance and appearance attributes, external and internal color, texture, flavor and crispness. Finally, we studied the influence of cooking methods (frying in oil, conventional oven and microwave oven) on breaded chicken added seven types of grains. The selection of grains and the blends with seven types of grain resulted in adequate levels of protein (14.52%), lipid (10.39%) and carbohydrate (62.72%) and a good index of holding capacity water (4.8). Breaded products the oil absorption was lower for the formulation with 15% blends. The addition of up to 24% of grains resulted in a good performance color and texture to the breaded products fried. In breaded pre-fried products, an increase in color saturation due to the addition of the blends of grains and flours. From the standpoint of the sensory the breaded products added seven types of grains presented 97% acceptance and 91% of purchase intention by the consumer panel did not differ from the control formulation. The products subject to the microwave oven at 0% and 15% whole grains, had the highest percentage of moisture and lipids in comparison to products cooked in conventional oven, greater brightness and low saturation yellow, lower shear force and lower scores by the judges in all sensory attributes, configuring in a product moist, flabby, clear and without crunchiness. This work allowed the preparation of a breaded restructured meat product with high content of whole grains with good sensory acceptance, more research is needed to optimize the replacement of the frying in the baking or microwave oven
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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15

Södergren, Jacob. "The Impact of a Teracom Group Product From a Life Cycle Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118479.

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All kinds of products have economic, social and environmental impact throughout their entire life cycle. Today’s growing need for electronic devices contributes to the increasing problem within these fields.  The aim of this study is to investigate and determine the impact of a chosen Teracom Group product from a sustainability perspective and to develop recommendations regarding how to proceed, in order to reduce the impact of products. This study is mainly focusing on the environmental aspect of the concept of sustainability. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of a set-top box (STB) is conducted based on chosen indicators by using the software SimaPro. The goal of the assessment is to identify the phases within the life cycle with largest environmental impact and contribute to Teracom Group’s further sustainable work. 18 impact categories are included to express emissions and use of natural resources. The result clearly shows that the production phase has the largest environmental impact within categories such as terrestrial acidification, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, urban land occupation and metal resource depletion. The use phase affects the environment foremost within climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial ecotoxicity, ionising radiation, agricultural land use, natural land transformation and water depletion. Transports and the waste scenario only have a small effect on certain categories. The experiences of this study are discussed, demonstrating the difficulty in making an LCA in the position of being at the company purchasing products, not at the company manufacturing them. The company has previously not focused enough on sustainability regarding products. An LCA performed by the supplier would be more reliable due to a better possibility of collecting accurate data. Communication and cooperation between the company and its suppliers are key solutions. Higher requirements during procurement should be put on the products, including demands on performed LCAs with clearly described references and methods, critically review by a third party.
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16

Magalhães, Ilídio Miguel Teixeira. "Proteome of biofilm produced by a S. pseudintermedius strain." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14291.

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Mestrado em Bioquímica
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for most skin and post-surgical infections in dogs. The number of bacterial strains resistant to β-lactam antibiotics is increasing and are the major challenges now faced by veterinary medicine. Bacteria that produce biofilm are more resistant to treatment and thus, the production of this structure is already considered a virulence factor. In a biofilm, bacteria are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) some of which are proteins. With the objective to know more of this array element, the characterization of the biofilm matrix proteome (BMP) from a highly virulent S. pseudintermedius strain isolated from a dog with severe pyoderma was performed. Biofilm was developed by culturing the S. pseudintermedius strain 5819/10 in specific media. The biofilm matrix was then be separated from bacterial cells and evaluated for their protein content and complexity. Finally, the proteome was separated by 1D electrophoresis and characterized by nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF and analysed using bioinformatics tools. The BMP of strain S. pseudintermedius 5819/10 consisted in a diverse group of proteins, where 63% of the proteins could be related to either the extracellular region or the plasma membrane, as protein complexes, and most of them had functions essential to cell survival. However, it was not possible to establish a clear relation between them and biofilm formation. Proteins known to be involved in biofilm formation consisted mostly of regulator factors of biofilm formation as well as virulence factors of-mainly-bacterial cell adhesion and host colonization. The prevalence of adhesins and the almost total absence of proteins involved in EPS synthesis pointed to a biofilm matrix where cells are directly or indirectly closely glued together to each other.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S.pseudintermedius) é uma bactéria patogénica oportunista, responsável pela maioria das infeções cutâneas e pós-cirúrgicas em cães. O número de estirpes resistentes a antibióticos β-lactâmicos está a aumentar constituindo actualmente um dos grandes desafios enfrentados pela medicina veterinária. As bactérias mais resistentes ao tratamento são aquelas que produzem biofilme sendo esta capacidade considerada um fator de virulência. Num biofilme, as bactérias estão envoltas numa matriz de substâncias poliméricas extracelulares (SPE), algumas das quais são proteínas. Tendo por objectivo obter mais informação acerca do biofilme, foi caracterizado o proteoma da matriz do biofilme de uma estirpe bastante virulenta de S. pseudintermedius isolada de um cão com piodermite profunda. Para tal cultivaram-se biofilmes da estirpe de S. pseudintermedius 5819/10 em meio apropriado, separou-se a matriz das suas células bacterianas e avaliou-se as proteínas presentes quanto ao seu conteúdo e complexidade. Posteriormente o proteoma foi separado por electroforese 1D, caracterizado por nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF e analisado usando ferramentas bioinformáticas Constatou-se que o proteoma da matriz do biofilme da estirpe 5819/10 de S. pseudintermedius é muito diverso e que 63% das proteinas podem estar relacionadas com a região extracelular do biofilme ou da membrana plasmática na forma de complexos proteicos. Verificou-se também que a maioria das proteínas identificadas possui funções essenciais para a sobrevivência da bactéria mas não foi possível estabelecer uma relação clara entre elas e a formação de biofilmes. Algumas proteínas que se sabe estarem envolvidas na formação de biofilmes foram identificadas, tratam-se principalmente de factores reguladores da formação de biofilme e outros factores de virulência relacionados com a colonização de um hospedeiro a adesão bacteriana a uma superfície. A prevalência de adesinas e a ausência quase total de proteínas envolvidas na síntese de SPEs, forneceu dados que apoiam a hipótese que a matriz do biofilme do S. pseudintermedius 5819/10 seja constituída por células directamente ou indirectamente unidas entre si.
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17

Horita, Claudia Nakamura 1972. "Redução de sódio em salsichas com alto teor de carne de frango mecanicamente separada = efeito de sais substitutos e derivados de alho sobre atributos de qualidade e segurança." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255101.

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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A redução do consumo de sódio tem sido recomendado por vários órgãos da saúde em função da correlação positiva entre ingestão de sódio e o desenvolvimento de doenças como a hipertensão arterial, cardiovasculares e renais. Produtos cárneos emulsionados cozidos, principalmente salsichas, estão entre os mais consumidos no Brasil e apresentam elevados teores de sódio. Em algumas categorias de salsichas, matérias-primas menos nobres são adicionadas para reduzir o custo, dentre elas a carne mecanicamente separada de aves (CMS) permitidas em concentrações de até 60%. Cloreto de sódio é um ingrediente multifuncional, pois confere propriedades sensoriais, conservantes e tecnológicas em produtos cárneos. Adicionalmente, em formulações contendo alto teor de CMS sua redução pode ser ainda mais desafiadora pela perda de propriedades funcionais da matriz cárnea (presença de proteínas de menor funcionalidade, porções da medula óssea, alto teor de colágeno e gordura). Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a influência da redução de sódio na qualidade de salsichas com alto teor de CMS. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa, blends de cloreto de potássio e cálcio, com força iônica equivalente a 2% NaCl, foram utilizados para substituir 25% ou 50% do NaCl em salsichas contendo 60% de CMS. O objetivo desta etapa foi avaliar o efeito da adição dos blends de sais sobre as propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais das salsichas. Foram determinados: teor de sódio, Aw, estabilidade de emulsão (batter), avaliação de cor instrumental, perfil de textura, microestrutura e teste de aceitação sensorial. Na segunda etapa, uma formulação contendo blend de sais para substituir 50% NaCl foi selecionada com base nos dados da primeira etapa.e adicionada de derivados de alho (fresco, em pó, óleo comercial e extrato obtido via líquido pressurizado). O objetivo foi investigar os efeitos dos derivados de alho como antioxidantes e antimicrobianos nas formulações de salsichas. As determinações realizadas foram a mesmas da primeira etapa, com exceção da microestrutura e acrescidas da quantificação de Substâncias Reativas ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico e análises microbiológicas durante 60 dias sob refrigeração. Finalmente, para as mesmas formulações de salsichas, uma terceira etapa foi realizada para avaliar o efeito dos derivados de alho como realçadores de sabor por meio da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e Teste de Aceitação, utilizando-se duas amostras comerciais para efeito comparativo. Alho fresco e extrato de alho PLE, nas concentrações de 1% e 0,02% respectivamente, apresentaram propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas durante a vida útil das salsichas. Dezoito descritores caracterizaram as amostras das salsichas avaliadas pelos assessores na análise descritiva quantitativa. De forma geral, os tratamentos do estudo apresentaram maior intensidade de sabor e aroma de alho e as amostras comerciais apresentaram aroma e sabor defumado. No teste de preferência, as salsichas comerciais foram as mais aceitas para impressão global, no entanto, salsichas elaboradas para o estudo apresentaram muitas similiaridades entre si em seus perfis sensoriais. Assim, a adição de derivados de alho em salsichas com alto teor de carne mecanicamente separada e adicionada de blends de sais substitutos de NaCl mostraram ser uma alternativa promissora neste seguimento
Abstract: The positive correlation between salt intake and the development of diseases including hypertension, and cardiovascular and renal disorders has led health authorities to recommend the reduction of sodium intake. Cooked emulsified meat products, mainly sausages, have high sodium levels and are among the most consumed products in Brazil. In some types of sausages, the mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) stands out as less noble materials used to reduce costs, allowed in concentrations of up to 60%. Sodium chloride is a multi-functional ingredient, since it provides sensory, preservative, and technological properties in meat products. Sodium reduction can be even more challenging in formulations containing high MDPM levels, due to loss of functional properties of the meat matrix (presence of proteins of lower functionality, portions of the bone marrow, high collagen and fat contents). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium reduction on the quality of sausages with high MDPM content. The study was divided into three stages. In the first step, blends of potassium chloride and calcium chloride with ionic strength equivalent to 2% NaCl were used to replace 25% or 50% of NaCl in sausages containing 60% MDPM. The purpose of this step was to evaluate the effect of the addition of salt blends on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the sausages. The following parameters were investigated: sodium content, Aw, emulsion stability (batter), instrumental color, texture profile, microstructure, and sensory acceptance. In the second step, a formulation containing a salt blend to replace 50% NaCl was selected from the first step, and garlic derivatives (fresh, powder, commercial oil, extract obtained by pressurized liquid extraction) were added. The objective was to investigate the effects of garlic derivatives as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in the sausage formulations. The determinations were the same as the first step, except for microstructure, plus measurement of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and microbiological analyses during 60 days of refrigerated storage. Finally, a third step was carried out to evaluate the effect of garlic derivatives as flavor enhancers through quantitative descriptive analysis and acceptance tests, using two commercial samples for comparison. Fresh garlic and garlic PLE extract at concentrations of 1% and 0.02%, respectively, presented antioxidant and antimicrobial properties throughout the shelf life of the sausages. The sausage samples were characterized by eighteen descriptors selected by the assessors in the quantitative descriptive analysis. In general, the treatments had higher flavor intensity and garlic flavor, while the commercial samples exhibited smoky aroma and flavor. In the preference test, the commercial sausages were the most accepted for overall impression, and the sausages prepared for the study presented very similar sensory profiles. Thus, the addition of garlic derivatives in sausage formulations containing high mechanically separated poultry and blends of salt substitutes proved to be a promising alternative in this field
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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18

Segalin, Jéferson. "Utilização da espectrometria de massas no estudo de produtos de transformação/degradação de fármacos de uso humano e veterinário." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131744.

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A espectrometria de massas, acoplada ou não a outras técnicas, tem sido de grande utilidade na determinação de novos compostos, produtos de transformação/degradação, metabólitos e na quantificação em nível de traços nas mais diferentes matrizes, devido à grande versatilidade dessa técnica, especialmente em relação aos modos de análise. Neste trabalho foi sistematizada uma metodologia para a aplicação das técnicas de espectrometria de massas na identificação de produtos de transformação/degradação de fármacos de uso humano e veterinário. Ferramentas da química computacional foram utilizadas para auxiliar na elucidação das estruturas dos compostos formados. A metodologia foi empregada para a identificação e quantificação dos produtos de transformação/degradação da rosuvastatina, gerados durante o processo de fotocatálise heterogênea com ZnO, para a identificação dos produtos de transformação/degradação gerados durante a fotólise em meio aquoso do sulfamentoxazol, ciprofloxacino e norfloxacino, e para a quantificação da amoxicilina transferida ao leite bovino. A viabilidade de se realizar a identificação de metabólitos da amoxicilina presentes no leite bovino por meio do mesmo processo de preparo de amostra e de análise utilizado para a quantificação também foi avaliada. Foram identificados dez principais produtos de transformação/degradação da fotocatálise da rosuvstatina, dez principais produtos de transformação/degradação da fotólise em meio aquoso do sulfametoxazol, quinze principais produtos de transformação/degradação da fotólise em meio aquoso do ciprofloxacino e quinze principais produtos de transformação/degradação da fotólise em meio aquoso do norfloxacino. A metodologia empregada para a quantificação da amoxicilina em leite bovino se demostrou adequada, mas estudos adicionais são necessários para que seja possível identificar os seus metabólitos nessa matriz. Os resultados dos cálculos ab initio que foram utilizados para o estudo dos produtos de transformação/degradação da rosuvastatina e sulfametoxazol mostram que essa técnica pode ser bastante útil na elucidação estrutural dos compostos que são formados.
Mass spectrometry, coupled or not with other techniques, is very useful for the determination of new compounds, transformation/degradation products, metabolites and quantification at trace levels in many different matrices, due to the versatility of such a technique, specially regarding to analysis modes. In the present work a methodology was systematized for the application of mass spectrometry techniques in order to identify metabolites and transformation/degradation products for human and veterinary drugs usage. Computational chemistry tools were used to assist in the elucidation of the structure of the compounds formed during the process. The methodology was employed for identification and quantification of rosuvastatin transformation/degradation products generated during the heterogeneous photocatalysis process with ZnO, for the identification of sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacion transformation/degradation products generated during the photolysis in aqueous medium and for quantifying amoxicillin transferred to bovine milk. The feasibility of identification of amoxicillin metabolites present in bovine milk using the same sample preparation procedure exploited for the quantification analysis was also assessed. Ten main transformation/degradation products of rosuvastatin photocatalysis were identified, as well as ten main transformation/degradation products of sulfamethoxaxole photolysis in aqueous medium, fifteen main transformation/degradation products of ciprofloxacin photolysis in aqueous medium and fifteen main transformation/degradation products of norfloxacin photolysis in aqueous medium. The methodology applied for the bovine milk amoxicillin quantification was demonstrated to be adequate, but additional studies are needed to identify amoxicillin metabolites in the milk matrix. The results of ab initio calculations utilised for the study of rosuvastatin and sulfamethoxazole transformation/degradation products show that this technique can be very useful for the structural elucidation of chemical compounds which are formed.
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19

Ben, Amar Nabiha. "Produits étoile et déformations quantifications strictes." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Ben_Amar.Nabiha.SMZ925.pdf.

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On a étudié la structure des tores munis du produit étoile de Rieffel. En particulier on a déterminé leur spectre, leur centre et le type de leurs représentations factorielles. Ce produit est très proche de celui de Moyal mais le théorème d'unicité de représentation des relations de commutation qui dit que la représentation régulière gauche engendre un facteur de type un-infini n'est plus vrai dans le cas d'un tore non-commutatif. Puis on a généralisé la construction faite sur les tores aux groups connexes abéliens permettant ainsi la construction de facteurs de type un-infini, deux-un et deux-infini. Ensuite on a cherché à construire un produit étoile qui soit défini sur tout le dual d'une algèbre de Lie nilpotente, convergent et tangentiel. Une telle construction a été réalisée ici dans le cas des algèbres nilpotentes spéciales. On a défini un produit étoile sur les algèbres des fonctions de Schwartz et des fonctions polynomiales par déformation de la formule de Rieffel, en effet au lieu d'identifier dans cette formule le groupe de Lie et son algèbre par l'application exponentielle, on le fait au moyen d'un nouveau difféomorphisme. Enfin on a défini la transformée de Fourier adaptée et on a relié ceci à la représentation unitaire du groupe de Lie correspondant
We study the structure of the tori equipped with the Rieffel's star product. In particular we determine their spectrum, their center and the type of their factorial representations. This product is like the Moyal product, but the Neumann unicity of representation of commutation relations which says that the regular representation generates a type one factor, is no more true in the case of the tori. Next, we apply the same construction to space of functions on abelian connected groups. We obtain type one-infinity, two-one and two-infinty factors. Then, we try to construct a convergent and tangential deformation quantization on the dual of a nilpotent Lie algebra. Such a construction is realized here in the case of a nilpotent special Lie alegbra, using a deformed version of the formulae of Rieffel. More precisely, we consider a product of exponential, instead of the usual exponential mapping to identify the Lie group with the Lie algebra. Finally we define the adapted Fourier transform and we related it to unitary representations of the corresponding Lie group
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20

Thomas, Ellen. "Antecedents and Outcomes to Implementing a Top-down Approach to Platform Product Design." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/99127.

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Business Administration/Marketing
Ph.D.
This dissertation investigates causal factors that lead to implementing a top-down approach to platform product design as well as performance outcomes from such a design. A top-down approach to platform product design requires intentional planning of a new platform-based product design during the new product development process, incorporating a level of modularity into the new design, and planning derivative products based on common subsystems and interfaces. A thorough review of literature was used to build a theory of platform product design founded on risks and benefits. Benefits are that platform design can drive revenue, introduce cost and time efficiencies, lead to more reliable products and offer managerial benefits in the form of adjacencies. Risks include increased costs and time to market for the first product, reduced revenue due to commonality, sub-optimal product design, and increased management complexity during the NPD process. A conceptual model was then developed encompassing antecedents, contributing factors, and market performance measures to implementing a top-down approach to new platform product design. The model was empirically tested in the context of U.S. manufacturing firms using data collected from 249 manufacturing product design managers. Respondents included managers from B2B firms and B2C firms as well as small and large firms. In order to test the model, a new continuous multidimensional measurement scale of top-down platform product design was developed. Results showed that market turbulence, technological turbulence, a product that is new to the market and competitive strategies of differentiation and design for supportability are positively related to platform design. Firm type - B2B versus B2C - and firm size - large firms versus small firms - was found to moderate this relationship. Regarding firm type, products that are new to the market are positively related to platform design for B2C firms, not B2B firms, while a competitive strategy of design for supportability is positively related to platform design for B2B firms, not B2C firms. Regarding firm size, a competitive strategy of design for supportability is positively related to platform design for large firms, not small firms. These findings suggest that an important predictor of top-down platform design is risk or uncertainty. Results also showed that top-down platform product design is positively related to both short term and long term market performance although this relationship is significantly greater for long term market performance. In the short-term, performance as measured by sales and market share was greater than performance as measured by profits. In the long-term, performance measured by sales and profits was greater than performance measured by market share. Organizational support in the form of management buy-in and cross-functional integration partially mediates the relationship between platform design and long term market performance. Finally, strategic flexibility was found to have an inverse relationship with top-down platform down. Firms lacking strategic flexibility were more likely to pursue a top-down platform design. This is in line with findings that suggest top-down platform design is undertaken when uncertainty is high and strategic flexibility is an advantage These findings contradict conventional wisdom in new product development literature and offer a better understanding of why platform design is important in a way that has not been previously defined.
Temple University--Theses
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Santos, Bibiana Alves dos 1982. "Reformulação de produto cárneo fermentado cozido = redução de gordura e sódio." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255085.

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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A busca por alimentos com melhores propriedades nutricionais tem levado osegmentode processamento de produtos cárneos a rever suas formulações em relação a alguns componentes que podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas, tais como teores de gordura, sal, aditivos, entre outros. No entanto, a reformulação destes produtos deve manter as características de segurança, estabilidade, sabor e demais atributos característicos do produto. As carnes constituem-se em importante fonte de nutrientes importantes, como ácidos graxos, minerais, proteínas e peptídeos bioativos na dieta. Porém, produtos cárneos apresentam grande percentual de gordura saturada e colesterol além do elevado teor de sódio. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi substituir em 50% o percentual de gordura em produto fermentado cozido (pepperoni) por diferentes níveis de fibra prebiótica (3, 6 e 9% de frutooligossacarídeo ¿ FOS) e avaliar a qualidade global durante 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. E substituir em 50 e 75% o teor de NaCl por KCl em pepperoni ao utilizar realçadores de sabor (0,06% glutamato monossódico, 0,06% 5¿ribonucleotídeos- inosinato dissódico e guanilato dissódico) e aminoácidos (1% lisina e 0,075% taurina) com avaliação físico-química, cor, perfil de textura e sensorial. Pepperonis com teor reduzido de gordura adicionado de diferentes níveis de FOS mantiveram as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas, cor, perfil de textura e sensoriais comparadas à formulação controle (sem redução de gordura). Além disso, o frutooligossacarídeo adicionado não foi degradado durante todo o período de vida útil dos produtos. Os pepperonis com redução de cloreto de sódio em 50% foram similares ao produto controle (sem redução de NaCl) em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados e a redução de sódio foi de 42,80%. No entanto, a redução de 75% NaCl proporcionou alterações na cor e perfil de textura. A aceitação sensorial também foi prejudicada na maioria das formulações estudadas porém a combinação de glutamato monossódico com inosinato dissódico/guanilato dissódico, lisina e taurina resultou em formulações com notas semelhantes à formulação controle. Neste experimento, a redução de sódio foi de 68,10%. Deste modo, o estudo demonstra que a redução de gordura e cloreto e sódio em produto cárneo fermentado cozido é possível e traz benefícios à qualidade nutricional destes produtos
Abstract: The demand for food with improved nutritional properties has led the meat products industry to re-evaluate their formulations. However, the reformulation of these products must preserve the food safety, stability, taste and other functional properties. The meat will constitute an important source of nutrients such as fatty acids, minerals, proteins and bioactive peptides in the diet. On the other hand, meat products have a high content of saturated fat and cholesterol, besides the high sodium content and very low levels of fibers. In this context, the aim of this study was: replace 50% of the total fat in cooked fermented product (pepperoni) by different levels of prebiotic fibre (3, 6 and 9% of fructooligosaccharides - FOS) and to evaluate the overall quality during 60 days of in refrigerated storage. And to replace 50 and 75% of NaCl content by using KCl in the pepperoni using flavor enhancers (06% monosodium glutamate, 06% 5'ribonucleotídeos-inosinate disodium and guanylate disodium) and amino acids (1% lysine and 075% taurine) with physico-chemical evaluation, color, texture profile and sensory analysis compared to a control formulation (no fat reduction). Pepperoni with reduced fat supplemented with different levels of FOS maintain the physico-chemical and microbiological properaties, color, texture profile and sensory characteristics when compared to the control formulation (no fat reduction). Moreover, the fructooligosaccharides were not degraded during the whole store period of the products. Pepperonis with 50% sodium chloride reduction were similar to the control (no reduction of NaCl) for all evaluated parameters, and the sodium reduction was 42.80%. However, the reduction of 75% NaCl resulted in changes in color and texture profile. The sensorial acceptance was also impaired in most of the formulations of this study, although the combination of monosodium glutamate with disodium inosinate / disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine resulted in formulations with a similar score when compare to the control formulation. In this experiment, sodium reduction was 68.10%. Thus, the study demonstrates that reducing fat and sodium chloride in fermented cooked meat products is possible and can bring benefits in the nutritional quality of these products
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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22

Taylor, Hannah Louise. "Quantitative detection of low abundance gene expression products in individual E. coli cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31258.

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Stochastic fluctuations in mRNA and protein copy number between cells are inevitable during the process gene expression, even when cells carry identical chromosomes. Such fluctuations are able to impact the phenotypic fate of the cell, and are known to have greater impact when the copy number of the molecule involved is low. Additionally, up to 50% of proteins in Escherichia coli are present in the cell at a level of 10 molecules per cell or fewer (Taniguchi et al. 2010). As such, quantification of low copy number gene expression products and their distribution in cellular populations is key in understanding the process of gene expression. Currently, there are few techniques that allow investigation with the single cell and single molecule resolution required to study low copy number gene expression products. This work presents a novel method for protein quantification at the single molecule level, Quantitative HaloTag-TMR labelling, and uses the technique to quantify the absolute numbers of the low copy number RecB, RecC and RecD subunits of the bacterial DNA repair enzyme RecBCD, finding each subunit is present at between two and eight molecules per cell with mean numbers per cell of 4.9, 4.7 and 4.5 respectively. Additionally single molecule mRNA FISH was used to quantify the mRNA levels of recB and recD within cells, with means of 0.21 and 0.31 mRNA per cell being observed respectively. Finally this work presents a new method for use detecting both mRNA and protein simultaneously in individual cells by combining the HaloTag and FISH protocols to give HaloFISH. This work introduces two novel techniques that allow for single cell examination of gene expression, and investigates RecBCD expression at the single molecule level.
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Benedetti, Benedito Carlos 1956. "Influencia do teor de umidades sobre propriedades fisicas de varios grãos." [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257276.

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Orientador : Jose Tadeu Jorge
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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24

Heuking, Hans Joachim. "Werbung im Zusammenhang mit Kunst : eine wettbewerbsrechtliche Untersuchung von Product-Placement in Kunstwerken /." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verl.-Ges, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/372476368.pdf.

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25

Al-Dury, Sausan Salem Kadam. "Purification of Producer Gas in Biomass Gasification using Carbon Materials." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233884.

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This work is dealing with the utilization of biomass feed stocks and wooden residue for gasification process to produce syn-gas suitable for the implementation of power plants for electricity generation and problem of gas production suitable for further chemical and energy purpose discussing the suitable practical purification methods, given that the complexity of theme and project which carried out through detailed analysis. Since the obtained gas has many types of unwanted contaminants. It was necessary to derive an effective cleaning method for gas purification from chemical contaminants especially tars components. The discussion of the definitions and methods for the determination of gas unwanted components and their removal technologies on the basis of the knowledge of data, collecting and analysis carried out through an experimental massive approach. The theoretical analysis of the gasification process for an effective tar reduction in the produced gas has been studied as well. Since the quality requirements for internal combustion engines, gas turbines and fuel cells using the primary measurement methods cannot be achieved for gas production, this work aimed removing different particulates and tar. The main emphasis is placed on the methods of high cleaning taking in account the chemical and thermal specifications of the gas which is based on the utilization of three different kinds of carbon materials successfully and efficiently char coal, black coke and active carbon for tar removal which has a major impact on the process parameters. The analysis was responding with the mechanism and the techniques of minimizing the resultant allowable concentration by using a suitable materials and verifying the operation conditions without affecting the gas thermal efficiency. The highlights of the theoretical and experimental work has been drawn up by a high concept cleaning allowing the production of a pure gas having a quality that meets the modern technical requirements for electricity generation. Functionality the most efficient cleaning methods were based in the current project for tar reduction on the quantity of tar removed, the materials used for tar cracking and the conditions of the experimental work as well. For a successful application, some proposals have been settled for industrial applications of gas cleaning.
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26

Schmalz, Jan Sebastian. "Werbung als Unterhaltung : wie Branded Entertainment und Advertainment Werbung mit Unterhaltung verschmelzen /." Saarbrücken : VDM, Verl. Dr. Müller, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/52784487X.PDF.

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27

Abulaiti, Yiming. "Search for Pair-Produced Supersymmetric Top Quark Partners with the ATLAS Experiment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132289.

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Searches for the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (stop) are motivated by natural supersymmetry, where the stop has to be light to cancel the large radiative corrections to the Higgs boson mass. This thesis presents three different searches for the stop at √s = 8 TeV and √s = 13 TeV using data from the ATLAS experiment at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The thesis also includes a study of the primary vertex reconstruction performance in data and simulation at √s = 7 TeV using tt and Z events. All stop searches presented are carried out in final states with a single lepton, four or more jets and large missing transverse energy. A search for direct stop pair production is conducted with 20.3 fb−1 of data at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV. Several stop decay scenarios are considered, including those to a top quark and the lightest neutralino and to a bottom quark and the lightest chargino. The sensitivity of the analysis is also studied in the context of various phenomenological MSSM models in which more complex decay scenarios can be present. Two different analyses are carried out at √s = 13 TeV. The first one is a search for both gluino-mediated and direct stop pair production with 3.2 fb−1 of data while the second one is a search for direct stop pair production with 13.2 fb−1 of data in the decay scenario to a bottom quark and the lightest chargino. The results of the analyses show no significant excess over the Standard Model predictions in the observed data. Consequently, exclusion limits are set at 95% CL on the masses of the stop and the lightest neutralino.
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28

Aquino, Froilan Ludana. "Elucidating the solid, liquid and gaseous products from batch pyrolysis of cotton-gin trash." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2425.

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29

Zhu, Xiaochun. "Characterization of Protein Modification by Products of Lipid Peroxidation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1225734704.

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30

Mwandila, Gershom. "Determination of Design Parameters and Investigation on Operation Performance for an Integrated Gas Cleaning System to Remove Tars from Biomass Gasification Producer Gas." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6191.

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Determinations of design parameters and investigation on operation performance of a tar removal system for gas cleaning of biomass producer gas have been undertaken. The presence of the tars in the producer gas has been the major hindrance for the commercialisation of the biomass gasification technology for power generation, hydrogen production, Fischer Tropsch (FT) synthesis, chemical synthesis and synthetic natural gas (SNG) synthesis. The characteristic of the tars to condense at reduced temperatures cause problems in the downstream processing as the tars can block and foul the downstream process equipment such as gas engines reactor channels, fuel cells, etc. Considerable efforts have been directed at the removal of tars from the producer gas where the tars can be either chemically converted into lighter molecular weight molecules or physically transferred from gas phase to liquid or solid phase. In the former, the tars have been removed in a scrubber by transferring them from the producer gas to a scrubbing liquid and then removed from the liquid to air in a stripper and finally recycled them into air to a gasifier to recover their energy. A tar removal test system involving a scrubber and stripper has been designed based on the predicted tar solubility in canola methyl ester (CME) as the scrubbing liquid and its measured properties (CME is a type of methyl ester biodiesel). The tar solubility has been predicted to decrease with increasing temperatures and thus its value increases at lower temperatures. In designing the test system, the design parameters are needed including equilibrium coefficients of the gas-liquid system, molar transfer coefficient and the optimum liquid to gas flow rate ratio. The equilibrium coefficients have been predicted based on thermodynamic theories where the required data are determined from CME composition and known properties of each component of the CME as well as the properties of the model tar (naphthalene). The molar transfer coefficients are then experimentally determined and the correlations as a function of liquid and gas flow rates are proposed which are consistent with literature. The optimum liquid to gas flow rate ratios have been found to be 21.4±0.1 for the scrubber and 5.7±0.1 for the stripper. Using these optimum ratios, the tar removal efficiencies in the scrubber and the stripper are 77 and 74%, respectively. The analysis of the system performance has been achieved after an innovative method of determining tar concentrations in both the liquid and gas phase had been developed based on the concept of the density of liquid mixtures. However, these tar removal efficiencies are low due to the fact that the targeted tar concentration in the scrubber’s off-gas was large. As a result the system has been redesigned based on the determined design parameters and its operation performance retested. In the redesigned system, the tar removal efficiency in the scrubber and stripper is 99%. The redesigned system would be integrated with the UC gasifier for downstream gas cleaning. Since 1% of tars are not removed, a makeup tar free CME of 0.0375 litres per hour for the 100kW UC gasifier has been introduced in the recycle stream between the scrubber and stripper to avoid tar accumulation in the system.
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31

Negrão, Adriana Fava [UNESP]. "Efeito da sazonalidade no teor proteico e composição de aminoácidos no pólen apícola produzido em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96660.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo efetuar o levantamento dos tipos polínico presentes no pólen apícola e realizar análises de seus teores proteicos e composição de aminoácidos, em diferentes estações do ano. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Apicultura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. O pólen foi coletado semanalmente durante o período de setembro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, de cinco colmeias, semelhantes quanto ao número de quadros de cria e alimento, por meio de coletor de pólen frontal. O pólen retirado dos coletores foi misturado, pesado em balança analítica, desidratado em estufa de ventilação forçada, limpo e as bolotas classificadas por granulometria menor e maior que 2,0mm. Em seguida as amostras foram armazenadas em frascos estéreis, os quais foram mantidos sob congelamento para realização das análises. Os resultados foram avaliados por ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey para verificar diferenças entre as médias (P<0,05). Pode-se observar que o período do inverno (junho, julho e agosto) apresentou o maior teor proteico total (22,78±3,1%) e diferenças significativas entre granulometrias maior e menor que 2,0mm (20,38±2,6% e 23,58±2,9%, respectivamente). Não foram encontradas diferenças para a composição de aminoácidos no pólen nas diferentes estações do ano. Dentre os tipos polínicos encontrados destacam-se principalmente Asteraceae, Poaceae e Myrtaceae, encontrados em todas as estações do ano, comprovando que as abelhas concentram a coleta de recursos de acordo com a disponibilidade das plantas nas estações
This study aimed to carry out a survey of pollen types present in bee pollen and realize analyzes of their protein content and amino acid composition during different seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Sector of Apiculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu. The pollen was collected weekly during the period of September 2012 and August 2013, from five hives, similar to the number of frames of brood and food through frontal collector pollen. The pollen from the collectors was mixed, weighed on an analytical balance, dried in an oven with forced ventilation, cleaned and acorns classified by grain size smaller and larger than 2.0 mm. Then the samples were stored in sterile vials which were kept under freezing for analyzes. The results were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to check for differences between means (P <0.05). It can be observed that the winter period (June, July, August) showed the largest total protein content (22.78% ± 3.1) and also significant differences when compared particle sizes greater than 2.0 mm and less than 2.0 mm (20.38 ± 2.6 ± 2.9% and 23.58%, respectively). No differences in the amino acid composition between the year seasons in bee pollen were found. Among the pollen types found stand out mainly Asteraceae, Poaceae and Myrtaceae, which were found in all seasons, proving that bees concentrated collection of resources according to the availability of plants in the seasons
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32

Negrão, Adriana Fava 1988. "Efeito da sazonalidade no teor proteico e composição de aminoácidos no pólen apícola produzido em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96660.

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Orientador: Ricardo De Oliveira Orsi
Banca: Simone Fernandes
Banca: Carlos Nordi
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo efetuar o levantamento dos tipos polínico presentes no pólen apícola e realizar análises de seus teores proteicos e composição de aminoácidos, em diferentes estações do ano. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Apicultura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. O pólen foi coletado semanalmente durante o período de setembro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, de cinco colmeias, semelhantes quanto ao número de quadros de cria e alimento, por meio de coletor de pólen frontal. O pólen retirado dos coletores foi misturado, pesado em balança analítica, desidratado em estufa de ventilação forçada, limpo e as bolotas classificadas por granulometria menor e maior que 2,0mm. Em seguida as amostras foram armazenadas em frascos estéreis, os quais foram mantidos sob congelamento para realização das análises. Os resultados foram avaliados por ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey para verificar diferenças entre as médias (P<0,05). Pode-se observar que o período do inverno (junho, julho e agosto) apresentou o maior teor proteico total (22,78±3,1%) e diferenças significativas entre granulometrias maior e menor que 2,0mm (20,38±2,6% e 23,58±2,9%, respectivamente). Não foram encontradas diferenças para a composição de aminoácidos no pólen nas diferentes estações do ano. Dentre os tipos polínicos encontrados destacam-se principalmente Asteraceae, Poaceae e Myrtaceae, encontrados em todas as estações do ano, comprovando que as abelhas concentram a coleta de recursos de acordo com a disponibilidade das plantas nas estações
Abstract: This study aimed to carry out a survey of pollen types present in bee pollen and realize analyzes of their protein content and amino acid composition during different seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Sector of Apiculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu. The pollen was collected weekly during the period of September 2012 and August 2013, from five hives, similar to the number of frames of brood and food through frontal collector pollen. The pollen from the collectors was mixed, weighed on an analytical balance, dried in an oven with forced ventilation, cleaned and acorns classified by grain size smaller and larger than 2.0 mm. Then the samples were stored in sterile vials which were kept under freezing for analyzes. The results were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to check for differences between means (P <0.05). It can be observed that the winter period (June, July, August) showed the largest total protein content (22.78% ± 3.1) and also significant differences when compared particle sizes greater than 2.0 mm and less than 2.0 mm (20.38 ± 2.6 ± 2.9% and 23.58%, respectively). No differences in the amino acid composition between the year seasons in bee pollen were found. Among the pollen types found stand out mainly Asteraceae, Poaceae and Myrtaceae, which were found in all seasons, proving that bees concentrated collection of resources according to the availability of plants in the seasons
Mestre
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33

Adami, Fernanda Scherer. "Teor de nitrato e nitrito e análise microbiológica em linguiças e queijos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/985.

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A utilização de sais de nitrato e nitrito em produtos cárneos é secular e, com a evolução das técnicas de conservação alimentar, estes vêm sendo cada dia mais utilizados, pois melhoram o sabor e a cor. Os objetivos deste estudo foram realizar análises microbiológicas, de atividade de água, pH, concentração de nitritos e nitratos presentes em amostras de linguiças (tipo mistos e suínos) com Inspeção do Serviço Municipal e queijos (tipo colonial e prato), fiscalizados pelos Serviços de Inspeção Municipal e Estadual, produzidos na região do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras de queijos Prato (n=14) e Colonial (n=10) foram adquiridas diretamente nas indústrias com Inspeção Sanitária Municipal (n=11) e Estadual (n=13), produzidas em municípios do Vale Taquari durante os meses de abril, maio e junho de 2013. Para a coleta das amostras houve o cuidado de mantê-las íntegras, com o mínimo de contato ou manipulação. As amostras de linguiça foram coletadas em 11 estabelecimentos fiscalizados pelo Sistema de Inspeção Municipal (SIM). Os teores residuais de nitratos e nitritos, pH e atividade de água das amostras foram avaliados segundo as metodologias analíticas oficiais previstas na Instrução Normativa n° 20, de 21 de julho de 1999, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas em laboratório certificado no Ministério da Agricultura (MAPA), na Rede Metrológica do Rio Grande do Sul, cadastrado na Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental (FEPAM) e com ISO 17025. As concentrações de nitrato e nitrito encontradas acima do recomendado pela legislação nas amostras foram de 33,3% (p=0,030) e 100% (p<0,001), respectivamente. Em 41,7% (n=10) e 25% (n=6) do total das amostras de queijo foram encontrados índices de contaminação por coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva acima do preconizado pela legislação, respectivamente, contudo não foi verificada diferença significativa para os valores encontrados em relação ao valor de referência, e 100% das amostras de queijo estavam isentas de Salmonella spp. Em relação as linguiças, 30,3% das amostras apresentaram teor de nitrito e 69,7% apresentaram teor de nitrato acima do previsto pela legislação brasileira. As médias de atividade de água e do teor de nitrato apresentaram-se significativamente acima do valor de referência. Enquanto as médias de pH não demonstrou diferença significativa em relação ao valor de referência e a média de nitrito apresentou-se inferior a legislação, mas com elevado desvio padrão. Conclui-se que a totalidade das amostras de queijo analisadas neste estudo apresentou concentrações acima do recomendado pela legislação para nitrito e um terço apresentou-se não conforme em relação à concentração de nitrato. Sobre a linguiça, foi observada inadequação ao que é determinado pela legislação brasileira em relação à quantidade de nitrito e nitrato, parâmetros microbiológicos de coliformes termotolerantes, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella spp., atividade de água, e adequação em relação ao pH.
The use of nitrate and nitrite salts in meat products is centuries old and with the development of food preservation techniques they are being more used every day because it improves flavor and color. The objective of this study were to perform the microbiological analysis, and also analysis of water activity, pH, concentration of nitrites and nitrates in sausage samples (mixed type and pigs) with inspection of the Municipal Service, and cheese (colonial type and plate), supervised by Service Municipal and State Inspection, produced in the region of Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul. The sample of plate cheese (n=14) and colonial (n=10) were acquired directly in industries with Municipal Sanitary Inspection (n=11) and State (n=13), produced in municipalities in the Taquari Valley during the months of April, May and June 2013. The samples were collected with care to keep them intact and a minimal contact or manipulation. The sausage samples were collected from 11 establishments inspected by the Municipal Inspection System. The samples' residual levels of nitrates and nitrites, pH and water activity were evaluated according to the official analytical methods provided by the Normative Ruling No. 20 of July 21, 1999, of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. The microbiological analyzes were performed in laboratory certified by Ministry of Agriculture in the Metrology Network of Rio Grande do Sul, registered in the State Environmental Protection Foundation, with ISO 17025. The nitrate and nitrite concentrations found above the recommended by the legislation in the samples was 33.3% (p=0.030) and 100% (p <0.001), respectively. In 41.7% (n = 10) and 25% (n = 6) of the total samples of cheese contamination rates were found by thermotolerant coliform and Staphylococcus coagulase positive above recommended by law, respectively, but there was no significant difference to those found in relation to the reference value and 100% of cheese samples were free of Salmonella spp. In relation to the sausages, 30.3% of the samples had nitrite content and 69.7% had nitrate levels higher than expected by Brazilian law. The average of water activity and nitrate levels were significantly above the reference value. While the average of pH showed no significant difference from the reference value and the nitrite average has performed under law, but with high standard deviation. It is concluded that all the cheese samples analyzed in this study had higher concentrations than recommended by law for nitrite and a third it is not in accordance to the concentration of nitrate. Regarding the sausage, it was observed inadequacy in relation to what is required by Brazilian law in relation to the amount of nitrite and nitrate, microbiological parameters of thermotolerant coliform, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Salmonella spp., water activity and suitability in relation to the pH.
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34

Hinkson, Dezra C. "A study of the chemical composition and corrosivity of the condensate for top of the line CO₂ corrosion." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1157700503.

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35

Poulter, Melinda D. "Structural Analysis of the TOL pDK1 xylGFJQK Region and Partial Characterization of the xylF and xylG Gene Products." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2270/.

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TOL plasmids encode enzymes responsible for utilization of toluene and related aromatic compounds by Pseudomonas putida, ultimately converting them to central metabolic intermediates. The nucleotide sequence for the 5.6 kb xylGFJQK region of the pDK1 TOL meta operon was determined. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of five open reading frames corresponding to xylG (1458 bp), xylF (846 bp), xylJ (783 bp), xylQ (936 bp) and xylK (1047 bp), encoding predicted protein products of 51.6, 31.3, 27.8, 32.8, and 36.6 kDa in size, respectively. The average G+C content of the xylLTEGFJQK region was 65.7%, somewhat higher than the 58.9% seen in the immediately upstream xylXYZ region and substantially more than the 50% G+C content reported for the upper TOL operon of this plasmid. Homology comparisons were made with genes and proteins of related catabolic plasmids. The dmpCDEFG and pWWO xylGFJQK regions exhibit consistently high levels of nucleotide and amino acid homology to pDK1 xylGFJQK throughout the entire region. In contrast, although the nucleotide sequence homology of the Acinetobacter atdCDE region to xylGFJ is high, the homology of atdFG to xylQK is markedly less. Such radical changes in homology between corresponding regions of different operons, combined with variable base and codon usage patterns within and between operons, provides additional support for the idea that the upper and lower operons encoding enzymes of aromatic pathways have evolved independently of one another and that these operons have continued to exchange genetic material with homologous expression units through a series of recombination events. Recombinant plasmids were constructed for individual expression of each of the xylGFJQK genes. HMSD (XylG) and HMSH (XylF) were partially purified and characterized with respect to substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the HMSD reaction occurs via a steady state ordered mechanism or a random mechanism where binding of the first substrate effects the enzyme's affinity for the second substrate.
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36

El, Menjra Anne-Ilham. "Développement d’une méthodologie analytique par spectrométrie ToF-SIMS afin d’identifier l’origine, abiotique ou biotique, de produits de corrosion." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC024.

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La biocorrosion est le résultat d'une corrosion induite par la présence de micro-organismes et affecte de nombreux secteurs industriels comme l'industrie pétrolière, l'industrie nucléaire, et les matériaux du patrimoine. Lutter contre la biocorrosion nécessite une parfaite identification et compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion impliqués. Ce projet présente le développement d'une méthode d'analyse reposant sur la spectrométrie de masse ToF-SIMS pour distinguer l'origine de sulfures métalliques : abiotique (absence de micro-organismes impliqués dans le processus de corrosion) ou biotique (présence de micro-organismes impliqués dans le processus de corrosion). Les bactéries impliquées dans la formation de sulfures métalliques sont les Bactéries Sulfato-Réductrices,BSR. L'approche est basée sur le fait que les BSR produisent du soufre avec un rapport isotopique (34S/32S) différent du rapport isotopique naturel. Au cours de ce travail, différents sulfures métalliques de référence ont été préparés et analysés par XPS afin d'obtenir la composition de surface, puis par ToF-SIMS pour avoir accès à la composition isotopique des sulfures formés. Finalement, cette étude nous a permis de développer et de valider une méthode d'analyse par ToF-SIMS et une méthode de décomposition des données ToF-SIMS grâce au logiciel de CasaXPS, et également de mettre en évidence des paramètres pouvant influencer la valeur du rapport isotopique
Biocorrosion is the result of corrosion induced by micro-organisms and affects a wide range of economic activity sectors including oil & gas industry, nuclear industry, drinking water systems, and archeological materials. Fighting biocorrosion requires identifying and understanding the corrosion mechanisms. The aim of this work is the development of an analytical method based on Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in order to discriminate the origin of metallic sulfides: abiotic (no living organisms involved in the corrosion mechanism) or biotic (living organisms involved in the corrosion reaction). Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, SRB, are the bacteria leading to the biological formation of metallic sulfides, and thus involved in the biocorrosion mechanism. The approach taken is based on the fact that SRB produce reduced sulfur with a different sulfur isotopic ratio (34S/32S) than the natural isotopic distribution. In this work, standard metallic sulfides were prepared and analysed using XPS in order to obtain the surface composition, and thus using ToF-SIMS for having the isotopic composition of metallic sulfides. Finally, in this study, an analytical method using ToF-SIMS and a peak-fitting method using CasaXPS have been developed and validated. Moreover, different parameters which could influence the isotopic ratio value have been studied
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37

Boyer, Jean-Baptiste. "Le théorème central limite pour la marche linéaire sur le tore et le théorème de renouvellement dans Rd." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0075/document.

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La première partie de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la marche aléatoire sur le tore Td := Rd/Zd définie par une mesure de probabilité SLd(Z). Pour étudier le Théorème Central Limite et la loi du logarithme itéré, nous appliquons la méthode de Gordin qui consiste à se ramener à des martingales. Pour cela, nous utilisons un résultat de Bourgain, Furmann, Lindenstrauss et Mozes nous permettant de résoudre l’équation de Poisson pour des points ayant de bonnes propriétés diophantiennes. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la marche sur Rd\{0} définie par l’action de SLd(R) et nous montrons un résultat de vitesse de convergence dans le théorème de renouvellement de Guivarc’h et Le Page
The first part of this thesis deals with the random walk on the torus Td := Rd/Zd defined by a robability measure on SLd(Z). To study the Central Limit Theorem and the Law of the Iterated Logarithm, we apply Gordin’s method. To do so, we use a result proved by Bourgain, Furmann, Lindenstrauss and Mozes to solve Poisson’s equation at point’s having good diophantine properties.In the second part, we study the walk on Rd \ {0} defined by the action of SLd(R) and we prove a result about the rate of convergence in Guivarc’h and Le Page’s renewal theorem
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38

Safdari, Mohammad Saeed. "Characterization of Pyrolysis Products from Fast Pyrolysis of Live and Dead Vegetation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8807.

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Wildland fire, which includes both planned (prescribed fire) and unplanned (wildfire) fires, is an important component of many ecosystems. Prescribed burning (controlled burning) is used as an effective tool in managing a variety of ecosystems in the United States to reduce accumulation of hazardous fuels, manage wildlife habitats, mimic natural fire occurrence, manage traditional native foods, and provide other ecological and societal benefits. During wildland fires, both live and dead (biomass) plants undergo a two-step thermal degradation process (pyrolysis and combustion) when exposed to high temperatures. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material, which does not require the presence of oxygen. Pyrolysis products may later react with oxygen at high temperatures, and form flames in the presence of an ignition source. In order to improve prescribed fire application, accomplish desired fire effects, and limit potential runaway fires, an improved understanding of the fundamental processes related to the pyrolysis and ignition of heterogeneous fuel beds of live and dead plants is needed.In this research, fast pyrolysis of 14 plant species native to the forests of the southern United States has been studied using a flat-flame burner (FFB) apparatus. The results of fast pyrolysis experiments were then compared to the results of slow pyrolysis experiments. The plant species were selected, which represent a range of common plants in the region where the prescribed burning has been performed. The fast pyrolysis experiments were performed on both live and dead (biomass) plants using three heating modes: (1) convection-only, where the FFB apparatus was operated at a high heating rate of 180 °C s-1 (convective heat flux of 100 kW m-2) and a maximum fuel surface temperature of 750 °C; (2) radiation-only, where the plants were pyrolyzed under a moderate heating rate of 4 °C s-1 (radiative heat flux of 50 kW m-2), and (3) a combination of radiation and convection, where the plants were exposed to both convective and radiative heat transfer mechanisms. During the experiments, pyrolysis products were collected and analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for the analysis of tars and a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) for the analysis of light gases.The results showed that pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and fuel type, have significant impacts on the yields and the compositions of pyrolysis products. These experiments were part of a large project to determine heat release rates and model reactions that occur during slow and fast pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation. Understanding the reactions that occur during pyrolysis then can be used to develop more accurate models, improve the prediction of the conditions of prescribed burning, and improve the prediction of fire propagation.
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39

Fuchs, Christian. "Leise schleicht's durch mein TV : [Product Placement und Schleichwerbung im öffentlich-rechtlichen Fernsehen ; eine Inhaltsanalyse am Beispiel von Wetten dass ..?] /." Berlin : Mensch & Buch Verl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/487536827.PDF.

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40

Morris, Kelsey A. Morris. "A soy product case study: Taking a functional food from the bench top to the clinic." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534510603861387.

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41

Shishido, Tânia Keiko. "Análise fenotípica, genética e de bioatividade de isolados brasileiros de cianobactérias dos gêneros Fischerella e Hapalosiphon." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-08032010-102001/.

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A afiliação genérica de Fischerella e Hapalosiphon é problemática devido à instabilidade dos caracteres morfológicos. Os gêneros Fischerella e Hapalosiphon são diferenciados pela presença de tricoma multisseriado e uni ou bisseriado, respectivamente. Porém, geneticamente esses caracteres não se mostraram diacríticos para diferenciar gêneros. Estudos moleculares de linhagens isoladas de ecossistemas brasileiros são escassos para Fischerella e inexistentes para Hapalosiphon. Neste estudo, oito linhagens de cianobactérias, pertencentes à família Hapalosiphonaceae, isoladas de água doce e solos brasileiros foram caracterizadas morfologicamente e geneticamente e analisadas para a produção de substâncias bioativas. As análises morfológicas identificaram cinco morfotípos de Fischerella (CENA19, CENA161, CENA212, CENA213, CENA214) e três de Hapalosiphon (CENA63, CENA71, CENA72). As análises filogenéticas do RNAr 16S usando neighbor-joining (NJ) e máxima verossimilhança (MV) colocaram todas as linhagens isoladas em um agrupamento com alto suporte (reamostragens de 99% NJ e MV) contendo membros da ordem Nostocales. Além disso, as linhagens de Fischerella selecionadas para o estudo agruparam-se em um clado interno com alto valor de reamostragem (100% NJ e 86% MV), com exceção da Fischerella CENA19. A posição dessa estirpe na árvore filogenética indica que necessita de revisão taxonômica. As linhagens de solo Hapalosiphon CENA71 e CENA72 também formaram um clado interno separado (99% NJ e 98% MV), mas a linhagem de água doce CENA63 foi colocada em um clado diferente (com valores de reamostragens de 99% NJ e MV), juntamente com linhagens do gênero Hapalosiphon e Westielopsis prolífica SAG 16.93, oriundas de solo. A comparação das análises filogenéticas individuais de regiões dos genes RNAr 16S, rpoC1, rbcL, tufA, e cpcBA-IGS das três linhagens de Hapalosiphon e de duas linhagens de Fischerella, CENA19 e CENA161, mostrou resultados incongruentes devido as diferentes taxas evolutivas desses genes. No entanto, a análise filogenética concatenada desses genes, mostrou que a Fischerella CENA19 agrupou com as duas linhagens de Hapalosiphon CENA71 e CENA72, com alto valor de reamostragem (100%), enquanto que a Fischerella CENA 161 e a Hapalosiphon CENA63 posicionaram-se cada uma em clados separados. Os resultados indicam que a nomenclatura das linhagens de cianobactérias da família Hapalosiphonaceae necessita de revisão. Os extratos intra e extracelulares das linhagens Fischerella sp. CENA161 e CENA19 e Hapalosiphon sp. CENA71 e CENA72 mostraram efeitos inibitórios no crescimento de bactérias patogênicas. As análises em espectrômetro de massas Q-TOF MS/MS indicaram a putativa presença de aeruginopeptina, cianopeptolina, fischerelina, aeruginosina, oscilapeptilida, microcistinas e ácido tumonóico nos extratos. No extrato intracelular da Fischerella sp. CENA161 identificou-se três ou quatro variantes de microcistinas, LR, LL, FR e/ou M(O)R. Fragmentos dos genes mcyA, mcyB, mcyC, mcyD, mcyE, mcyG e mcyI dessa linhagem foram seqüenciados. Nas duas análises filogenéticas realizadas com sequências de aminoácidos de McyE e sequências concatenadas de McyD, McyE e McyG, as enzimas da microcistina sintetase ficaram agrupadas de acordo com os gêneros de cianobactérias indicando um padrão de evolução
The generic affiliation of Fischerella and Hapalosiphon is problematic due to instability of morphological characters. The Fischerella and Hapalosiphon genera are differentiated by the presence of trichome multisseriate and uni or bisseriate, respectively. However, genetically these characters were not diacritical to distinguish genera. Molecular studies of strains isolated from Brazilian ecosystems are scarce for Fischerella and absent for Hapalosiphon. In this study, eight cyanobacterial strains, belonging to Hapalosiphonaceae family, isolated from Brazilian freshwater and soil were morphologically and genetically characterized and analyzed for bioactive compound productions. The morphological analyses identified five Fischerella (CENA19, CENA161, CENA212, CENA213, CENA214) and three Hapalosiphon (CENA63, CENA71, CENA72) morphotypes. The neighbor-Joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA placed all isolated strains in high supported (99% NJ and ML of bootstrap) cluster containing members of the order Nostocales. Furthermore, the Fischerella strains studied were grouped in an internal clade with high bootstrap value (100% NJ and 86% ML), with exception of Fischerella CENA19. The position of this strain in the phylogenetic tree indicates that it needs taxonomical revision. The soil Hapalosiphon strains CENA71 and CENA72 also formed a separated tight internal clade (99% NJ and 98% ML), but the freshwater strain CENA63 was placed in a different clade (99% NJ and ML of bootstrap value) together with Hapalosiphon strains genera and Westielopsis prolifica SAG 16.93, originated from soil. The comparison of the phylogenetic analyses of individual regions of the genes 16S rRNA, rpoC1, rbcL, tufA, and cpcBA-IGS from the three Hapalosiphon strains and the two Fischerella strains CENA19 and CENA161 showed incongruent results due to different evolutionary rates of these genes. However, the concatenated phylogenetic analysis of these genes, showed that Fischerella CENA19 grouped with the two Hapalosiphon strains CENA71 and CENA72 with high bootstrap value (100%), while Fischerella CENA 161 and Hapalosiphon CENA63 were positionated each one in separate clades. The results indicate that the nomenclature of cyanobacterial strains from the family Hapalosiphonaceae needs revision. The intra and extracellular extracts of the Fischerella sp. strains CENA161 and CENA19 and Hapalosiphon sp. strains CENA71 and CENA72 showed inhibitory effects on the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The analysis in the mass spectrometer Q-TOF MS/MS indicated the presence of aeruginopeptin, cyanopeptolin, fischerellin, aeruginosin, oscillapeptilide, microcystins and tumonoic acid in the extracts. In the intracellular extracts of Fischerella sp. CENA161, three or four variants of microcystins, LR, LL, FR and/or M(O)R, were identified. Fragments of genes mcyA, mcyB, mcyC, mcyD, mcyE, mcyG and mcyI of this strain were sequenced. In both phylogenetic analyses performed with amino acid sequences of McyE and concatenated sequences of McyD, McyE and McyG, the microcystin synthetase enzymes were grouped according to the cyanobacterial genera, indicating a pattern of evolution
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42

Thorén, Hanna. "The investigation of the biotransformation products formed by Cunninghamella elegans for different classes of drugs by the use of UPLC Q-TOF MS." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248510.

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The fungus Cunninghamella elegans has in many studies shown to have abiotransformation similar to the metabolism of mammals. If the biotransformation isgeneral, it enables the production of metabolites by the fungus and the use asreference material. The purpose of the project were to examine whether themetabolic process of C. elegans is general, with respect to the formation ofglucosides, and can be applied to different classes of drugs. During the project, theanalyses were performed on a UPLC Q-TOF, run in both MSE and MSMS mode. Themobile phase used consisted of MeOH and 0.1 % formic acid in MQ water. Toincrease the concentration of possible glucosides, the samples were subjected to anacidic or alkaline SPE. Glucosides were detected in the fungal incubates of diclofenac,buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine and oxazepam. For diclofenac, besides twodifferent glucosides (diclofenac glucoside and hydroxylated diclofenac glucoside), ahydroxylated metabolite and a hydroxylated metabolite conjugated with sulfate werediscovered. In the samples containing buprenorphine, the phase I metabolitenorbuprenorphine was also encountered. Further, in the fungal incubates ofdexamethasone a defluorinated metabolite was identified, which is a metabolicpathway never before described for C. elegans.ISSN: 1650
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43

DORFH, NICLAS, ROBERT HJALMERS, and NIKLAS HOFFSTEN. "Small Firm Success Factors for New Product Development : Separating the Best from the Rest." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-112982.

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This thesis examines the process of new product development for small firms, aiming to specify what separate top performers from the rest. Every year, thousands of new products are introduced to the market. Yet, 75 % to 90 % of all products launched suffer from failure. Prevailing theory is founded on examinations on large firms, which differ significantly from small firms in terms of financial and human capital. This gives reason to suspect that prevailing theory fail to serve the specific needs of a small firm. In this study, previous research is summarized in a theoretical framework. A set of survey questions was sent out to 2,287 managers in Swedish small manufacturing firms. A research model was developed to help analyze and interpret the 156 complete responses. 32 significant variables separating top performers from the rest were acknowledged and three factor areas were specified in a framework for small firm new product success. The findings of our study indicate that prevailing theory fail to serve small firms. We conclude that small firms benefit from focusing to simplify rather than adding to refine, and that this is strongly correlated to the limited financial and human resources of a small firm.
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44

Wilson, Jonathan S. "A Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson Produced in Association with Top Quarks." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324333673.

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45

Vianello, Andrea. "Late Bronze Age Mycenaean and Italic products in the West Mediterranean : a social and economic analysis /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0606/2006361592.html.

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46

Linnosmaa, Ismo. "Essays on product market competition and managerial incentives in oligopoly firms /." Kuopio : Kuopion yliopisto, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy035/2002507609.html.

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47

Phillips, Martin. "INSTRUMENTATION AND LOGISTICS: INFLUENCING DESIGN AND OWNERSHIP COSTS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608739.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
A program’s success is measured by the three parameters of cost, schedule and performance. This is true of any acquisition program, including instrumentation development and procurement. The primary purpose of Logistics is to influence and reduce the Total Ownership Costs (TOCs) to the Department of Defense while procuring a supportable system that meets the customer’s needs. The time to influence the TOCs is as early in the life-cycle of the program as can be done - where it is cheapest to affect a “fix.” This paper will briefly describe where Logistics influences ownership costs in the acquisition process. Examples of cost drivers identified in the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry Sensor System (HSTSS) program will be provided and the role of Integrated Product Team (IPT) members in influencing and reducing the TOCs will be discussed. This process is not just in the purview of the traditional logistician, but is also performed by each member of the program’s IPT. Each IPT member brings his unique knowledge and experiences to the teams pool of corporate knowledge. Examples will be provided of decisions made by the IPT that reduced TOCs.
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48

Fagernäs, Zandra. "How will climate change affect benthic primary producers and consumers? : An experimental study on periphyton and aquatic snails." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94525.

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The global climate is predicted to go through great changes in the 21st century, which will have impacts on ecosystems all over the world. Aquatic ecosystems will be affected by higher annual temperatures and increased runoff from surrounding terrestrial areas. The increased runoff will cause more terrestrial organic matter (TOM) to reach the waters, which will elevate levels of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients. The higher temperature, changed water color and increased nutrient concentration are together bound to affect aquatic systems, but exactly how the systems will respond is yet unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate how periphyton and benthic grazers will react to higher temperatures and elevated amounts of TOM in the water. This was done by measuring production of periphyton and growth rates of the snail species Gyraulus acronicus when placed in treatments with higher temperature, more TOM or a combination of these two. Higher temperature was found to have a negative effect on periphyton production, while increased amounts of TOM alone had a positive effect, and the combination of these two lowered production. The results on snail performance were in most cases non-significant, but the results still suggest that possible future effects of more TOM and higher temperature on the snails will be negative.
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49

Gunzenhauser, Martin. "Platform concepts for the systems business : design and development of global product platforms /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/57181302X.pdf.

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50

Sinhorini, Marcia Regina. "Processo de produção de farinha de penas hidrolisadas: estudos de otimização do teor protéico e do valor de digestibilidade da proteína." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/772.

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O aumento da produção e abate de aves vem ao encontro da responsabilidade de destinação adequada dos resíduos de abatedouros. Pressionadas ainda pelas legislações e políticas ambientais e pelas oportunidades de negócio foram criadas as indústrias de processamento de subprodutos de origem animal, conhecidas como “graxarias”, que processam estes resíduos transformando-os em farinhas de alto valor agregado utilizadas na composição de rações. Porém, a grande variação na composição das matérias-primas e a falta de padronização do processo de fabricação são consideradas os maiores desafios para o uso desses alimentos como ingredientes de rações. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar o processo de fabricação de farinha de penas, visando o aumento do teor protéico (TP) e do valor de digestibilidade (VD), bem como determinar as variáveis e os níveis que potencialmente podem influenciar no processo de obtenção da farinha. A parte experimental deste trabalho está apresentada em três capítulos: No capítulo 1 avaliou-se a variabilidade do TP e do VD da farinha de penas de frango e peru em função dos parâmetros do processo. Observou-se uma grande dificuldade na padronização da farinha de penas contendo penas de frango e de peru. A pressão e o tempo de hidrólise diferiram entre as matérias-primas. Tanto a variável pressão como o tempo de hidrólise influenciaram no TP e no VD. Os resultados mais elevados foram obtidos para a farinha composta por 100% penas de frango. No capítulo 2 avaliou-se a Influência da etapa de pré-secagem no TP e no VD da farinha de penas. Foram utilizados planejamento fatorial e metodologia de superfície de resposta para avaliar essa influência. A pressão, tempo de hidrólise, tempo de pré-secagem e composição de diferentes matérias primas foram determinadas como variáveis independentes, enquanto as variáveis respostas foram TP e VD. O aumento no tempo de pré-secagem foi significativo (p<0,05) para elevar as variáveis. A inclusão de penas de peru foi significativa (p<0,05) na obtenção de farinha de penas, representando uma redução tanto nos resultados do TP como no VD das farinhas. No capítulo 3 avaliou-se a influência da adição de diferentes percentuais de sangue sobre as variáveis respostas, TP e VD, da farinha de penas. Foi utilizado planejamento fatorial e metodologia de superfície de resposta para avaliar essa influencia. As variáveis independentes foram pressão, tempo de hidrólise, matéria-prima e adição de sangue. O maior TP obtido foi através da dosagem de 20% de sangue para as duas matérias-primas. Os níveis das variáveis de processo com os quais se obteve os mais elevados TP (84,56%) e VD (47,96%) foram com 2,5 kgf.cm-2 de pressão e 40 min. de hidrólise. O aumento no percentual de sangue e no tempo de hidrólise foi significativo (p<0,05) para aumentar tanto o TP como o VD da farinha de penas. Com a incorporação de penas de peru ocorreu uma redução significativa (p<0,05) no TP e no VD das farinhas.
The increased poultry production and slaughtering encounters the responsibility of proper disposal of waste from slaughterhouses. Pressed further by legislation and environmental policies and the business opportunities were created industries processing animal by-products, known as "graxarias" which process these waste transforming them into high value-added flours used in feed composition. However, the wide variation in the composition of the raw materials and the lack of standardization of the manufacturing process are considered the major hallenges for the use of these foods as ingredients of rations. This study aimed to optimize the manufacturing process of feather meal, in order to increase the protein content (PC) and digestibility value (DV), and to determine the variables and levels that can potentially influence the process of flour obtaining. The experimental part of this work is presented in three chapters: the first chapter we evaluated the variability of TP and RV feather meal of chicken and turkey as a function of process parameters. There is a great difficulty in the standardization of feather meal containing chicken feathers and turkey. The pressure and time of hydrolysis differed among the raw materials. Both the variable pressure as the hydrolysis time affected in PC and DV. The highest scores were obtained for 100% flour made of chicken feathers. In chapter 2 we evaluated the influence of pre-drying step in PC and DV feather meal. We used a factorial design and response surface methodology to assess this effect. The pressure, hydrolysis time, length of pre-drying and composition of different raw materials were determined as independent variables, while the variables were PC and DV. The increase in the pre-drying time was significant (p<0,05) to increase the variables. The inclusion of turkey feathers was significant (p<0,05) in obtaining feather meal, a reduction in both the results of TP as in RV flours. In chapter 3 we evaluated the effect of adding different percentages of blood on the response variables, PC and DV, feather meal. We used a factorial design and response surface methodology to assess this influence. The independent variables were pressure, hydrolysis time, raw material and adding blood. The higher PC was obtained by measuring blood of 20% for the two raw materials. The levels of the process variables which are obtained with the highest TP (84,56%) and VD (47,96%) was 2,5 kgf.cm-2 pressure and 40 min. hydrolysis. The increase in the percentage of blood and the hydrolysis time was significant (p<0,05) increase both the PC and DV as feather meal. With the incorporation of turkey feathers there was a significant reduction (p<0,05) in PC and DV flours.
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