Relevant bibliographies by topics / Topsoil

Academic literature on the topic 'Topsoil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Topsoil"

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Monreal, C. M., R. P. Zentner, and J. A. Robertson. "The influence of management on soil loss and yield of wheat in Chernozemic and Luvisolic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-080.

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The effects of management practices on erosion and crop productivity for different agro-ecosystems in Canada are largely unknown. A study was conducted to examine the effects of management on soil loss and wheat yield in long-term research plots, established in western Canada. Soil erosion was measured using the 137Cs technique. Under conventional tillage, topsoil was lost at a rate of 2–37 t ha−1 yr−1. Equivalent loss in topsoil thickness ranged between 0.02 and 0.28 cm yr−1. Soil losses were highest in 2–yr wheat–fallow crop rotations. Continuous wheat, 5–yr cereal–hay rotations, and plots amended with manure reduced soil losses and maintained thicker topsoils. At Ellerslie, Alberta, there was no measurable soil loss from a Black Chernozemic cropped to continuous barley under zero tillage. Decrease in annual wheat yield averaged 106 kg ha−1 cm−1 topsoil loss in the Brown Chernozemic and 117 kg ha−1 cm−1 topsoil loss in the Gray Luvisol. Key words: Management, erosion, topsoil, manure, yield
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Zumr, David, Jakub Jeřábek, Vladimír Klípa, Michal Dohnal, and Michal Sněhota. "Estimates of Tillage and Rainfall Effects on Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity in a Small Central European Agricultural Catchment." Water 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040740.

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In arable land, topsoil is exposed to structural changes during each growing season due to agricultural management, climate, the kinetic energy of rainfall, crop and root growth. The shape, size, and spatial distributions of soil aggregates are considerably altered during the season and thus affect water infiltration and the soil moisture regime. Agricultural topsoils are prone to soil compaction and surface sealing which result in soil structure degradation and disconnection of preferential pathways. To study topsoil infiltration properties over time, near-saturated hydraulic conductivity of topsoil was repeatedly assessed in a catchment in central Bohemia (Czech Republic) during three consecutive growing seasons, using a recently developed automated tension minidisk infiltrometer (MultiDisk). Seasonal variability of soil bulk density and saturated water content was observed as topsoil consolidated between seedbed preparations. Topsoil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was lower in spring and increased in the summer months during two seasons, and the opposite trend was observed during one season. Temporal unsaturated hydraulic conductivity variability was higher than spatial variability. Cumulative kinetic energy of rainfall, causing a seasonal decrease in soil macroporosity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, was not a statistically significant predictor.
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Carroll-MacDonald, Tiffany-Anne, Scott Rayburg, and Melissa Neave. "Spatial Variability of Topsoil Properties on a Semi-Arid Floodplain." Soil Systems 7, no. 2 (April 23, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7020042.

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This study relates the spatial heterogeneity (or patterning) of geochemical elements in the topsoil of a semi-arid floodplain/hillslope system in north-eastern Australia to vegetation distribution and rates of flood inundation. A total of 540 topsoil samples were collected from six flood frequency zones, ranging from a frequently flooded area (RI = 1:1–2 yrs) to two zones that have not flooded in living memory (RI > 50 yrs). Within each zone, topsoil samples were collected from both vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces, and each sample was analysed for 26 parameters. A combination of multi- and univariate analyses reveals that vegetation is an important contributor to topsoil heterogeneity. In zones subject to relatively frequent flooding, the spatial distribution of parameters in the topsoil is greatly influenced by the movement of water, with vegetation acting as a sink rather than a source. However, as floods become increasingly rare, distinct resource-rich units become evident in the topsoil beneath the vegetation. These findings indicate that topsoils in semi-arid floodplains are altered when their natural flooding regimes are reduced, beginning to approximate hillslopes when flood frequencies exceed 1-in-7 to 10 years. This points to the need for frequent flood (overbank) releases that are able to cover the 1-in-20-year floodplain to maintain the character of the soils and support vegetation growth in these environments.
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Obalum, S. E., Y. Watanabe, C. A. Igwe, M. E. Obi, and T. Wakatsuki. "Carbon stock in the solum of some coarse-textured soils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare footpath in the derived savanna of south-eastern Nigeria." Soil Research 50, no. 2 (2012): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11096.

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Quantitative data on carbon stock (C stock) in and beyond the topsoil (0–30 cm) under natural terrestrial ecosystems in West African savanna could provide information about their relative potential, and management options, for C sequestration, but these data are still scanty in the region. In selected locations (Nsukka, Obimo, and Ibagwa-aka) in the derived savanna zone of south-eastern Nigeria, secondary forest (SFT), grassland fallow (GLF), and bare footpath (BFP) were sampled from the topsoils (0–30 cm) and subsoils (30–60 cm) in triplicate. The soils are generally sandy, with low (1.4–13.8%) mean silt content. Mean bulk density ranged from 1.30 to 1.83 Mg/m3. The soils were acidic (pHwater 4.0–4.8) and low in organic C (0.10–1.14%). There was a consistent trend in C stock (SFT > GLF > BFP) in the topsoil, whereas only higher values in SFT than BFP were consistent in the subsoil. In both soil layers, the scale of the differences among the land-cover types was location-specific. Values of C stock were higher in the topsoil than subsoil, except for GLF and BFP at Obimo due to recent bush burning. Irrespective of location, the mean topsoil–subsoil values under SFT, GLF, and BFP were 45.7–30.6, 27.7–25.8, and 19.0–18.8 Mg/ha, respectively. Soil structural stability, indexed as the ratio of organic matter to silt + clay, explained roughly 61 and 89% of the variability in C stock of topsoils and subsoils, respectively. These results should benefit the planning of C sequestration projects in savanna agroecosystems of West Africa.
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Martins Filho, Argemiro Pereira, Rafaela Felix Da Françaa, Erika Valente De Medeirosa, Renata Oliveira Silvaa, Diogo Paes Da Costa, Lucas Rodrigues Simões, Carlos Alberto Fragoso De Souzaa, José Romualdo De Sousa Lima, Claude Hammecker, and Adelson Paulo Araújo. "Biochar in different topsoil type as alternative for increase the cassava development and soil quality." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 16, no. 4 (July 25, 2023): 1813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.4.p1813-1822.

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The biochar applied to the soil create complex interactions that impact the plant development and soil quality. However, these interactions may vary among different sources to produce the biochar, the soil type, and plant cultivated. Here, we hypothesized that biochar from different sources exhibit different behaviors on different types of topsoil and impact on cassava growth. To test this hypothesis, one field experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design and double factorial scheme (2 x 4), combining two kinds of topsoils (Acrisol or Luvisol), and four sources of biochar: bean husk (BHB), soursop residue (SRB), coffee grounds (CGB) and control (CONT: soil without biochar), with four repetitions. Our analysis revealed that biochar applied to the two topsoil positively affected the cassava growth, such as number of leaves, plant height and fresh mass. The topsoil promoted increases in K+. BBH biochar added to Luvisol topsoil was considerably effective in promote the cassava growth and increase soil quality by increases the soil fertility, improving soil conditioning by increasing K+ levels. Overall, our findings expand our knowledge about biochar applied to topsoil and add important information that can be suitable for future exploration and the development of alternative strategies to waste reuse, increase plant production, and promote soil health. Keywords: biocarbon, soil fertility; soil enzyme, management practices, main component analysis.
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Nguyen, Lien Thi, Dung Thi Pham, Anh Tuan Tran, Qua Xuan Nguyen, Dang Thanh Pham, Tra Thu Thi Doan, Tuan Minh Dang, and Hien Trong Tran. "Study on topsoil chemical characteristics in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province for agricultural development." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 65, no. 3 (April 1, 2024): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2024.65(3).03.

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Researching some chemical characteristics of topsoil in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province to serve the management, planning, and reasonable use of agricultural land resources is very necessary, especially for identifying areas for growing specialty crops to convert crop purposes and improving local people’s lives. Result analysis of pHsoil, organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), major elements and trace elements from 49 topsoil samples taken at depths from 0÷20 cm on different formations in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province shows that topsoil in Bao Thang district has pH in the slightly acidic to neutral soil group, OM and OC in moderate concentrations. The chemical composition of soil samples shows a relationship with bedrock. The geochemical characteristics of topsoils are high Fe2O3, poor to rich K2O and rich P2O5. Some trace elements in the topsoil of different fomations have lower or equivalent concentrations with those in the world’s soil and are consistent with the safety threshold of National technical regulation on soil quality (QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT), except Cr and Zn. This issue needs to be paid attention to during cultivation and agricultural production.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Michelle Cooper, and John Wilford. "The pH of Australian soils: field results from a national survey." Soil Research 49, no. 2 (2011): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10121.

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The pH is one of the fundamental soil properties governing nutrient availability, metal mobility, elemental toxicity, microbial activity, and plant growth. The field pH of topsoil (0–0.10 m depth) and subsoil (~0.60–0.80 m depth) was measured on floodplain soils collected near the outlet of 1186 catchments covering >6 Mkm2 (6 × 1012 m2) or ~80% of Australia. Field pH duplicate data, obtained at 124 randomly selected sites, indicate a precision of 0.5 pH unit (or 7%), and mapped pH patterns are consistent and meaningful. The median topsoil pH is 6.5, while the subsoil pH has a median of 7 but is strongly bimodal (6–6.5 and 8–8.5). In most cases (64%) the topsoil and subsoil pH values are similar; among the sites exhibiting a pH contrast, those with more acidic topsoils are more common (28%) than those with more alkaline topsoils (7%). The distribution of soil pH at the national scale indicates the strong controls exerted by precipitation and ensuing leaching (e.g. low pH along the coastal fringe, high pH in the dry centre), aridity (e.g. high pH where calcrete is common in the regolith), vegetation (e.g. low pH reflecting abundant soil organic matter), and subsurface lithology (e.g. high pH over limestone bedrock). The new data, together with existing soil pH datasets, can support regional-scale decision-making relating to agricultural, environmental, infrastructural, and mineral exploration decisions.
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Greenshields, Britta, Barbara von der Lühe, Harold J. Hughes, Christian Stiegler, Suria Tarigan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Daniela Sauer. "Oil-palm management alters the spatial distribution of amorphous silica and mobile silicon in topsoils." SOIL 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-169-2023.

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Abstract. Effects of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) management on silicon (Si) cycling under smallholder oil-palm plantations have hardly been investigated. As oil palms are Si accumulators, we hypothesized that management practices and topsoil erosion may cause Si losses and changes in spatial Si concentration patterns in topsoils under oil-palm cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we took topsoil samples under mature oil-palm plantations in well-drained and riparian areas of Jambi Province, Indonesia. The samples were taken from four different management zones within each oil-palm plot: palm circles, oil-palm rows, interrows, and below frond piles. We quantified mobile Si (SiM) and Si in amorphous silica (SiAm) by the extraction of CaCl2 and NaCO3, respectively. Both fractions are important Si pools in soils and are essential for plant–soil Si cycling. We further installed sediment traps on sloping, well-drained oil-palm plantations to estimate the annual loss of soil and SiAm caused by erosion. In well-drained areas, mean topsoil SiAm concentrations were significantly higher below frond piles (3.97 ± 1.54 mg g−1) compared to palm circles (1.71 ± 0.35 mg g−1), oil-palm rows (1.87 ± 0.51 mg g−1), and interrows (1.88 ± 0.39 mg g−1). In riparian areas, the highest mean topsoil SiAm concentrations were also found below frond piles (2.96 ± 0.36 mg g−1) and in grass-covered interrows (2.71 ± 0.13 mg g−1), whereas topsoil SiAm concentrations of palm circles were much lower (1.44 ± 0.55 mg g−1). We attributed the high SiAm concentrations in topsoils under frond piles and in grass-covered interrows to phytolith release from decaying oil-palm fronds, grasses, and sedges. The significantly lower SiAm concentrations in palm circles (in both well-drained and riparian areas), oil-palm rows, and unvegetated interrows (only in well-drained areas) were explained by a lack of litter return to these management zones. Mean topsoil SiM concentrations were in the range of ∼ 10–20 µg g−1. They tended to be higher in riparian areas, but the differences between well-drained and riparian sites were not statistically significant. Soil-loss calculations based on erosion traps confirmed that topsoil erosion was considerable in oil-palm interrows on slopes. Erosion estimates were in the range of 4–6 Mg ha−1 yr−1, involving SiAm losses in a range of 5–9 kg−1 ha−1 yr−1. Based on the observed spatial Si patterns, we concluded that smallholders could efficiently reduce erosion and support Si cycling within the system by (1) maintaining a grass cover in oil-palm rows and interrows, (2) incorporating oil-palm litter into plantation management, and (3) preventing soil compaction and surface-crust formation.
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Holman, Brett. "Scorched topsoil." History Australia 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2018.1416540.

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Vopravil, Jan, Pavel Formánek, and Tomáš Khel. "Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2020-swr.

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Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topsoil"

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Tijhuis, Laurentius. "The Geochemistry of the Topsoil in Oslo, Norway." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-164.

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In co-operation with the Geological Survey of Norway, 395 samples of topsoil, 44 bedrock samples and 24 samples of sand from sandboxes at kindergartens taken in Oslo, the capital city of Norway, were analysed for a wide range of elements. To get a measure on the bio-availability of arsenic, a five stage sequential extraction procedure was accomplished on a subset of 98 topsoil samples and on all 24 samples of sand from sandboxes. These fractions (i.e. “Exchangeable”, “Carbonate”, “Reducible substrate”, “Organic” and “Residual”) were analysed for arsenic. Bulk concentrations in a representative subset of 10 bedrock samples were determined by XRF analysis.

For the concentrations of the elements As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb and Zn in soil, geologic sources are important, but human activity has had a large effect on concentrations in topsoil, especially in the central districts. At least 81% of the samples contain more arsenic than the Norm value for polluted soil used by the Norwegian authorities. For chromium, zinc and lead, the percentages are 65, 74 and 25 respectively. In topsoil, up to 50% of the arsenic is extractable in the exchangeable, the carbonate and the reducible substrate fractions, but only 2% of the samples exceeded the Norm value after the three extraction stages. After four stages of extraction, 69% of the samples exceeded the Norm value.

At 24 kindergartens in the central districts of Oslo, concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in topsoil samples are higher than in samples of sand from sandpits, but differences in arsenic are low. All topsoil samples and 63% of the sandbox samples exceed the arsenic Norm value for polluted soil used by the Norwegian authorities. Concentrations of at least one of the elements Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the Norm value in the topsoil. At two kindergartens all elements, except Cd, exceed the Norm value in the topsoil.

In the samples from the sandboxes, arsenic concentrations in the exchangeable, the carbonate and the reducible substrate fractions, lie at a higher level than in topsoil samples. Leakage of arsenic compounds from impregnated and painted wood have probably caused elevated concentrations of this element in the sand. At two kindergartens the cumulative arsenic content in samples from the sandboxes exceeds the Norm value of 2 mg/kg As for polluted soil already after two fractions (i.e. the “Exchangeable” and the “Carbonate” fraction). After three fractions, the arsenic content in sand at 5 kindergartens exceeds this value. After four fractions this number was still 5. Regarding soil, no kindergartens had a cumulative arsenic content after three stages of the extraction procedure. After four stages 16 kindergartens contained more arsenic than the Norwegian Norm value of 2 mg/kg As.

Bulk concentrations of metals, in the bedrock samples, are generally higher than the acid soluble concentrations. Differences are small for copper and zinc, somewhat higher for lead and nickel and considerably different for chromium. Acid soluble chromium concentrations in soil differ little when compared with acid soluble concentrations in bedrock, but are in general much lower than bulk concentrations in rock. Chromium is probably strongly incorporated in the mineral structure of rock samples and concentrated HNO3 cannot solubilize all chromium molecules. For copper, lead and zinc, the acid soluble concentrations in soil are higher than the bulk concentrations in bedrock. The parent rock material cannot be the only source for these elements in soils and various anthropogenic sources dispersed by air or water probably have major influence.

The enrichment of nickel in topsoil near highways in Oslo might be due to the bitumen content of road dust. The enrichment of chromium and copper might be due to wear and tear of cars and engine parts. There is no enrichment of cadmium and zinc in topsoil near highways. Concentrations of zinc in topsoil in Oslo are generally high, most probably because of industry. The possible addition of zinc from traffic to the topsoil is not observed, in this study.

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Movahedi, Neiini Seved Ali Reza. "Physical and nutritional amendment of topsoil using compost waste." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300253.

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Glen, Emma-Lee. "Evaluation of topsoil inversion for habitat creation or restoration." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496608.

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Agricultural land available for habitat creation and restoration is of higher soil nutrient status than semi-natural habitats. This causes problems by favouring the growth of competitive species which thrive at the expense of a more diverse plant community. The depleted seed bank of ex-arable land means that target species are unlikely to be present. Even when the site is adjacent to target habitat, natural colonisation will be slow, meaning target species will need to be introduced artificially. This thesis researches the use of topsoil inversion followed by sowing a simple seed mix, as a means of improving habitat creation in comparison to conventional techniques. This was achieved by establishing a main experimental site, and surveying fifteen existing topsoil inversion sites.
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BOTTARDI, CARLO. "Exploring lower atmosphere and topsoil with gamma-ray spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488154.

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Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon that can be found everywhere and that can origin from the far-away Universe, from the atmosphere, from Earth and even from our body. It consists in the stabilization of nucleus through the emission of particles and energy. Gammas photons have higher penetration power respect to the other common radiations, characteristics that makes them ideal to perform proximal and remote sensing and investigating cosmic, atmospheric and terrestrial sources of radioactivity. Using this peculiarity of gamma spectroscopy during my PhD I studied cosmic rays and 222Rn in lower atmosphere, the 214Pb in rainwater and the water content in topsoil. The results of this research are contained in 6 publications, 5 already published and 1 submitted to scientific peer-reviewed journals. There are several scientific motivations for this research. 222Rn monitoring has application in pollution studies and in the study of the diurnal mixing in lower atmosphere and 214Pb rain induced activity represents a source of background for in-situ non-stop monitoring detector. Moreover, the real-time and non-disruptive measurement of soil water content with gamma-ray spectroscopy can be exploited in the field of precision agriculture and improve the irrigation programs. With the purpose to study the cosmic rays and atmospheric 222Rn, I analyzed 4 specific flights over the sea (which shields the terrestrial radiation). An integration of the count rates in the [3-7] MeV range allowed to calibrate the airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy detector for the cosmic effective dose to the human population. The atmospheric 222Rn concentration is modelized with a two-layers vertical distribution. The 222Rn concentration in atmosphere has been estimated to (0.96 ± 0.07) Bq/m3 up to (1318 ± 22) m. A 7-months in-situ proximal gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment has been performed by installing a 1L NaI(Tl) detector and a meteorological station in an agricultural test field. This experiment permitted to acquire continuously and simultaneously environmental gamma activity and the rain amount time series. A rain-induced 214Pb and 214Bi gamma activity increase has been observed since these gamma emitters are collected by aerosol. I developed a model describing the temporal evolution of the 214Pb gamma activity in correspondence with rainfalls. Such a model demonstrates the capability of gamma-ray spectroscopy to discriminate irrigated from precipitated water and to estimate the 214Pb abundance in rainwater in function with rain intensity. The 214Pb gamma rain-induced activity model reconstruct perfectly the experimental count rate over the rain episode period. There is an inverse proportionality between soil moisture and the 40K gamma signal that could be exploited for assessing the water content in topsoil of an area of 0.2 ha in real-time for the whole data-taking period, provided that a non-constant correction due to the presence of growing vegetation is taken into account. The soil water contents from gamma and gravimetric measurements are in excellent agreement, compatible at 1σ level.
La radioattività è un fenomeno naturale che può essere trovato ovunque e che può avere origine dalle parti remote dell’universo, dall’atmosfera, dalla Terra e persino dal nostro corpo. Consiste della stabilizzazione di un nucleo attraverso l’emissione di particelle ed energia. I fotoni gamma hanno un potere di penetrazione più alto rispetto alle altre radiazioni comuni, caratteristica che li rende ideale per effettuare rilevamento da remoto o di prossimità e investigare le sorgenti di radioattività cosmiche, atmosferiche e terrestri. Usando questa peculiarità della spettroscopia gamma durante il mio dottorato ho studiato i raggi cosmici e il 222Rn nella bassa atmosfera, il 214Pb nell’acqua piovana e il contenuto d’acqua nel suolo superiore. I risultati di questa ricerca sono contenuti in 6 pubblicazioni, 5 già pubblicate e 1 sottomessa a riviste scientifiche peer-reviewed. Ci sono molte motivazioni scientifiche per questa ricerca. Il monitoraggio del 222Rn ha applicazioni negli studi dell’inquinamento e del mixing diurno nella bassa atmosfera e l’attività del 214Pb indotta dalla pioggia rappresenta una fonte di background per detector in-situ di monitoraggio non-stop. Inoltre la misura in tempo reale non distruttiva del contenuto d’acqua nel suolo con la spettroscopia gamma può essere usata nel campo dell’agricoltura di precisione e può migliorare i programmi di irrigazione. Con lo scopo di studiare i raggi cosmici e il 222Rn atmosferico, ho analizzato 4 voli specifici sopra il mare (che scherma le radiazioni terrestri). La somma dei rate dei conteggi nell’intervallo [3-7] MeV ha permesso di calibrare il detector per la spettroscopia gamma airborne per la dose efficace dai raggi cosmici sulla popolazione umana. La concentrazione di 222Rn atmosferico è stata modellizzata con una distribuzione verticale a due strati. La concentrazione di 222Rn atmosferico è stata stimata essere (0.96 ± 0.07) Bq/m3 fino a un’altezza di (1318 ± 22) m. Un esperimento in-situ di spettroscopia gamma di prossimità durato 7 mesi è stato effettuato installando un detector NaI(Tl) di 1L e una stazione meteorologica in un campo agricolo. Questo esperimento ha permesso di acquisire continuamente e contemporaneamente l’attività gamma ambientale l’ammontare di pioggia caduta. Un aumento di attività gamma di 214Pb e 214Bi è stato osservato dal momento che questi emettitori gamma sono raccolti dagli aerosol atmosferici. Ho sviluppato un modello che descrive l’evoluzione temporale dell’attività gamma del 214Pb in corrispondenza degli episodi di pioggia. Questo modello dimostra la capacità della spettroscopia gamma di discriminare l’acqua piovana dalle irrigazioni e di stimare l’abbondanza di 214Pb nell’acqua piovana in funzione dell’intensità della pioggia. Il modello di attività gamma del 214Pb indotta dalla pioggia ricostruisce perfettamente il rate di conteggi nell’intervallo temporale dell’episodio di pioggia. C’è una proporzionalità inversa tra il contenuto d’acqua nel suolo e il segnale gamma del 40K che può essere sfruttata per stimare il contenuto d’acqua nel suolo superiore in un’area di circa 0.2 ettari in tempo reale per tutto il periodo di presa dati, a patto che una correzione non costante dovuta alla presenza di vegetazione in crescita sia tenuta in considerazione. I contenuti d’acqua stimati dalla spettroscopia gamma e dalle misure gravimetriche sono in accordo eccellente, compatibile al livello di 1σ.
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Fowler, William. "Soil seed bank dynamics in transferred topsoil: Evaluating restoration potentials." Thesis, Fowler, William (2012) Soil seed bank dynamics in transferred topsoil: Evaluating restoration potentials. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/13389/.

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Global change, increasing human population growth and urbanisation represent increasing pressures on biodiversity and ecosystem function. It is now widely recognised that conservation of existing natural fragments will not be sufficient to maintain extant biodiversity or meet conservation goals. Thus there is a major and rapidly expanding need for the practice of ecological restoration whereby degraded lands are managed to increase and maintain indigenous species. A soil seed bank germination experiment was conducted over a period of 13 weeks. This aimed to evaluate restoration values of topsoil transfer, by investigating soil seed bank similarity to standing vegetation, and exploring mechanisms to improve restoration outcomes on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia. This was experimentally designed to make comparisons between the soil seed bank pre and post-transfer, an aspect of topsoil transfer that has not been looked at previously. In addition sampling was conducted at two depths, with treated (smoke and heat) and non-treated trials. This study examined the similarity of the soil seed bank to standing vegetation, the effect of soil transfer, and the influence of soil spreading depth and fire related germination cues. Seventy-three per cent of germinants were found in the top 5 cm of natural (pre-transfer), soil transfer leading to mixing (no depth effect) and a reduction in germinant densities (-2472.00 germinants m-2). Treatment with germination cues (heat and smoke in concert) increased germinant densities by 1537.80 germinants m-2, however no increase in transferred soils was observed. Native annuals dominated species composition of transferred soils, contributing 68% of observed richness, with woody species only accounting for 9% overall. The similarity of the soil seed bank to the standing vegetation ranged from 15% to 19%, the higher similarity found when treatment was used. Overall topsoil transfer is a useful tool for restoration; however it must be used in conjunction with other methods, such as planting and direct seeding, to return a representative set of species to a site
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Amaral, Luise Andrade. "Estrat?gia de utiliza??o de topsoil na restaura??o ambiental." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/315.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dois tipos de topsoil, assim como maneiras de utiliza??o dos mesmos, ou como fonte de prop?gulos, nutrientes, microorganismos, mat?ria org?nica etc., na recupera??o de diferentes ?reas degradadas. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em ?reas pertencentes ? empresa de minera??o de ferro Anglo American, sediada no munic?pio de Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, no entanto, como a empresa ainda est? em fase de instala??o, as ?reas cedidas n?o s?o degradadas pelo processo de extra??o do min?rio, sendo uma em pilha de est?ril e a outra em pastagem degradada. O trabalho foi organizado em cap?tulos, em que o primeiro apresenta uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre todos os temas envolvidos no estudo. O segundo cap?tulo apresenta a avalia??o da regenera??o natural e da cobertura do solo de uma pilha de est?ril no per?odo seco e chuvoso a partir da deposi??o a lan?o de topsoil proveniente de campo rupestre ferruginoso no munic?pio de Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais. E o terceiro cap?tulo apresenta abordagens para o uso de topsoil na recupera??o de uma pastagem degradada. Na ?rea do cap?tulo 2, foram instaladas, sistematicamente, 26 parcelas e uma parcela controle de 1 m?, foram caracterizados os atributos f?sicos e qu?micos dos substratos com e sem topsoil. Para identifica??o flor?stica, foram realizados dois invent?rios, um em julho de 2012 (in?cio da esta??o seca) e o outro em novembro de 2012 (in?cio da esta??o chuvosa). A cobertura do solo foi estimada, visualmente, por meio da porcentagem de cobertura viva, serrapilheira e solo exposto. Foram registrados 675 indiv?duos, sendo 201 contabilizados na primeira amostragem e 474 na segunda, totalizando 24 esp?cies identificadas pertencentes a 11 fam?lias e X indeterminadas. As fam?lias com maior n?mero de esp?cies foram: Asteraceae, com 26,92%, e Melastomataceae, com 15,38%. No entanto, as fam?lias que apresentaram maior o n?mero de indiv?duos foram Poaceae (33,33%) e Verbenaceae (28,85%) na esta??o seca e Poaceae (93,03%), Portulacaceae (68,16%) e Verbenaceae (35,82%) na esta??o chuvosa. Dentre os h?bitos encontrados, as herb?ceas se destacaram com 65,63% do total, seguidas pelas arbustivas 6,22%, subarbustivas 5,48% e arb?reas 1,18%. A cobertura viva aumentou 53%, a serrapilheira e o solo exposto diminu?ram 13 e 11%, respectivamente. J? no cap?tulo 3, foram estabelecidos 14 tratamentos com tr?s repeti??es implantados em 42 parcelas de 5 x 5 m numa ?rea, anteriormente, ocupada por pastagem. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial (3 x 2 x 2) + 2. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combina??o das origens do topsoil (est?gio inicial e est?gio m?dio), tr?s espessuras (10, 20 e 30 cm) e aus?ncia ou presen?a de sombrite de 70% com duas testemunhas adicionais (T1 e T2). Foi realizada a caracteriza??o f?sica, qu?mica e microbiol?gica do topsoil por meio de amostras coletadas na profundidade de 0-10 cm. Determinaram-se microorganismos por meio de an?lise de DNA, cobertura do solo e a flor?stica. Os resultados mostraram que o uso do topsoil melhorou, consideravelmente, a atividade microbiana atrav?s do carbono da biomassa e da amplifica??o de DNAs para grupos de bact?rias e fungos. A cobertura vegetal desenvolvida sobre os dois tipos de topsoil apresentou um total de 2929 indiv?duos de h?bitos herb?ceo, arbustivos e subarbustivos, identificadas 33 esp?cies em 11 fam?lias e uma morfoesp?cie. A fam?lia Asteraceae foi a que apresentou o maior n?mero de esp?cies (9), seguida de Fabaceae (6), Convolvulaceae e Malvaceae (4) e Solanaceae (3). J? o levantamento flor?stico do estrato arb?reo registrou 235 indiv?duos pertencentes a 21 esp?cies e 14 fam?lias e duas esp?cies sem identifica??o. A fam?lia com maior riqueza de esp?cies foi a Fabaceae (4), seguida da Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae e Asteraceae, no entanto, o maior n?mero de indiv?duos foi a Siparunaceae.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate two types of topsoil, as well as ways to use them as a source of propagules, nutrients, microorganisms, organic matter etc., The recovery of degraded areas different. The experiments were conducted in areas belonging to the mining company Anglo American iron headquartered in the municipality of Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, however, as the company is still in the installation phase, the assigned areas are not degraded by the process of extraction of ore, one in waste dump and the other in degraded pasture. The work was organized in chapters where the first presents a literature review on all subjects involved in the study. The second chapter presents the evaluation of natural regeneration and soil cover of a waste dump in the dry and wet deposition from the haul topsoil from ferruginous rocky fields in the municipality of Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais. The third chapter presents approaches to the use of topsoil in the recovery of a degraded pasture. In the area of Chapter 2 were systematically installed 26 plots and a control plot 1 square meter, we characterized the physical and chemical properties of the substrates with and without topsoil. For floristic identification were two surveys one in July 2012 (early dry season) and the other in November 2012 (rainy season). The ground cover was visually estimated by the percentage of live coverage, litter and exposed soil. We recorded 675 individuals being recorded in sample 201 and 474 in the second sample, a total of 24 identified species belonging to 11 families and a group of indeterminate. The families with the largest number of species were Asteraceae and Melastomataceae with 26.92% to 15.38%. However, households that had higher number of individuals were Poaceae (33.33%) and Verbenaceae (28.85%) in the dry season and Poaceae (93.03%), Portulaca (68.16%) and Verbenaceae ( 35.82%) in the rainy season. Among the habits found the herbaceous stood out with 65.63% of the total followed by shrub 6.22%, 5.48% and woody subshrubs 1.18%. The live coverage increased by 53%, the litter and exposed soil decreased by 13 and 11%, respectively. Already in chapter 3 were established 14 treatments with three replications implanted in 42 plots of 5 x 5 m in an area previously occupied by grasslands. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD), factorial (3x 2 x 2) + 2. The treatments consisted of combinations of sources of topsoil (early stage and middle stage), three thicknesses (10, 20 and 30 cm) and presence or absence of shading 70% with two additional witnesses (T1 and T2). We performed the physical, chemical and microbiological through the topsoil samples collected at a depth of 0-10 cm. Microorganisms was determined through DNA analysis, ground cover, and flora The results showed that the use of topsoil considerably improved microbial activity through carbon and biomass DNA amplification for groups of bacteria and fungi. The vegetation developed on the two types of topsoil had a total of 2929 individuals habits herbaceous, shrubby and subarbustivos, 33 species in 11 families and one morphospecies. The family Asteraceae was the one with the highest number of species (9), followed by Fabaceae (6), Convolvulaceae and Malvaceae (4) and Solanaceae (3). Already a floristic inventory of the tree stratum recorded 235 individuals belonging to 21 species and 14 families and two unidentified species. The family with the highest species richness was the Fabaceae (4), followed by Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae and Asteraceae, however, the largest number of individuals was Siparunaceae.
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Johnson, Anthony. "The long-term dynamic influence of human activity on topsoil magnetic susceptibility." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617598.

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Magnetic survey has become increasingly important in locating and characterising sites of archaeological potential. Magnetometry and topsoil magnetic susceptibility are the principal methods employed. In recent years advances in the design of magnetometers have made their use almost universal, somewhat to the detriment of magnetic susceptibility survey. This is especially true when the efficacy of various geophysical methods in locating sites of archaeological potential is compared. Such direct comparisons are, however, open to serious question. When sealed below the soil archaeological features acquire a degree of permanence, and their relatively static nature allows them to be identified by magnetometer survey on morphological grounds. By contrast, soil is continuously exposed, and over a period of 'deep time' is subject to the vagaries of human activity. The soil itsc1fbecomcs an artefact and the information it contains at any given time need not be site - specific but extensive. The problem addressed here is that of the interpretation of such topsoil magnetic data. Through occupation, industry, and agriculture, communities have historically affected the nature and proportion of the iron minerals (mostly oxides) in the soil, which establishes its magnetic identity. The problems of identifying the cultural influences which impact on the magnetic signature are simplified here by introducing three separable dynamic agencies: viz. chemical, exotic (inclusion) and mechanical (intervention, or perturbation). The incorporation of exotic materials into the soil, and human mechanical perturbation, arc both capable of creating soil magnetic patterns without directly affecting the soil's natural minerals. A search of early agricultural literature has identified activity which aids the interpretation of otherwise enigmatic data. The results of over 200 surveys have been reviewed, and from them examples selected to illustrate the three dynamic models. The results confirm that magnetically enhances soils often indicate buries archaeology but also may have no underlying archaeological source, the historic information residing exclusively within the topsoil itself. Long-term dispersal of magnetic material within the topsoil is examined and seen to be related to both bioturbation and agricultural activity. Documentary evidence shows that historic enclosure, selective land-use, and ploughing have contributed to soil magnetic pattern formation. Far from being a poor relative of other prospecting methods, topsoil susceptibility has its own unique contribution to make. Information resides within, not only below the soil, and the full potential of the method has not yet been realised. Recently the idea of cultural soilscapes has emerged, an historical perspective gained from archaeological soil surveys increasingly aids an understanding of how soils have been utilised, exploited and, more recently, degraded.
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Lison, Christine Anne. "Mine Site Restoration - Maximisation of Topsoil in Restoration of Semi-arid Lands." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81305.

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This thesis examined the physical and chemical properties of soil mixes incorporating 25%, 50%, 75% and 88% waste rock and tested the influence of these properties on plant growth and development and early seedling growth. Results of the analysis indicate that increasing waste rock content causes an increase in soil salinity, a decline in soil water content but an improvement in soil water conservation. This study paves the way for efforts to optimise restoration practices.
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Soares, Thaís de Marchi. "Ciclagem do nitrogênio em florestas restauradas após a mineração de bauxita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-21122016-154435/.

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A mineração causa graves impactos ambientais, sendo o solo um dos componentes do meio físico mais vulnerável durante a exploração das jazidas. O ciclo do N tem sido bastante estudado, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a trajetória de recuperação da sua ciclagem em florestas restauradas após a mineração de bauxita. O objetivo foi investigar de que maneira o processo de restauração florestal em área minerada para extração de bauxita interfere na ciclagem do nitrogênio no sistema solo-planta-serapilheira. Para tanto, foram mensurados nesses compartimentos a disponibilidade de N, suas razões N:P e a abundância natural do isótopo estável de N (?15N). As hipóteses propostas foram: \"A restauração florestal, conduzida pelo uso de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas e adição de topsoil é suficiente para aumentar a disponibilidade de N no ecossistema\", e \"Áreas mineradas em processo de restauração florestal, com o avanço da sucessão ecológica, podem desenvolver uma dinâmica na ciclagem de N próxima ao ecossistema de referência, apresentando valores de concentrações desse nutriente nos seus compartimentos (solo-planta-serapilheira) semelhantes a esse ecossistema\". O estudo foi conduzido no município de Poços de Caldas/MG, sendo considerados três tratamentos: floresta nativa, área restaurada há aproximadamente 06 anos e área restaurada há 24 anos, com seis repetições para cada. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. O ciclo do N não foi recuperado nas florestas em restauração. Entretanto, há uma tendência de a ciclagem desse elemento assemelhar-se a da floresta nativa, conforme o avanço da sucessão ecológica. Deste modo, ambas as hipóteses propostas foram confirmadas, sendo a utilização de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio adensado de espécies nativas e a adição de topsoil, os principais responsáveis pelos resultados
Mining causes serious environmental impacts and the soil is the most vulnerable component of the physical environment during the exploitation of deposits. The N cycle has been extensively studied, however, little is known about the recovery trend of its cycling in forests restored after bauxite mining. The aim was to investigate how the forest restoration process in bauxite mined area interferes in the nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant-litter system. Therefore, we measured the availability of N, the N:P ratios and the natural abundance of N stable isotope (?15N) in these compartments. The hypotheses proposed were: \"Forest restoration, driven by the use of ecological engineering techniques, planting of native tree species and addition of topsoil is sufficient to increase the availability of N in the ecosystem\", and \"Mined areas in forest restoration process, with the advancement of ecological succession, can develop a dynamics in N cycling resembling to that of the reference ecosystem, presenting values of concentrations of this nutrient in their compartments (soil-plant-litter) similar to this ecosystem. The study was conducted in Poços de Caldas county, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, considering three treatments: native forest, area restored for approximately 06 years and a restored area for 24 years with six repetitions for each. The design was completely randomized in a split plot. The N cycle has not been recovered in forest restoration. However, there is a tendency of N cycling resemble that of the native forest as the advancement of ecological succession. Thus, both hypotheses were confirmed, and the use of ecological engineering techniques, dense planting of native species and the addition of topsoil, were the main responsible for these results
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Nash, Whitney Laine. "Long-Term Effects of Rock Type, Weathering and Amendments on Southwest Virginia Mine Soils." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42657.

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This study measured the effects of spoil type and amendments on Appalachian mine soil properties over time. The Controlled Overburden Placement Experiment was installed in 1982 in two parts, the Rock Mix (RM) Experiment compares mixes of sandstone (SS) and siltstone (SiS) spoils while the Surface Amendment (SA) Experiment compares a fertilized control (CON), sawdust (SD at 112 Mg ha-1), topsoil (TSâ 15 cm), and biosolids (BS) at 22, 56, 112 & 224 Mg ha-1. Both experiments were sampled in 2008 and compared with historical data. After 26 years, all RM treatments had higher silt+clay and decreased sand. Mine soil pH and electrical conductance (EC) were lower in high SS spoils and overall pH was lower and EC higher in surface layers. Fe-oxides increased over time and adversely affected extractable P. Exchangeable cations and total N increased in all treatments. Annual C-sequestration rates were 0.51 Mg ha-1 for 1:1 SS:SiS and 0.32 Mg ha-1 for SiS. In the SA experiment, extractable P and exchangeable cations increased over time in organically amended plots. The CON and TS sequestered C at 0.54 Mg ha-1 and 0.87 Mg ha-1 annually while higher BS and SD treatments lost C, but mobilized significant C into their subsoils. In the SA, an apparent C retention maximum of 30-35 Mg ha-1 was noted. Overall, rock type and amendment effects were still evident after 26 years and the long-term benefits of organic amendments were reflected in sustained higher C, exchangeable cations, total N and P levels.
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Books on the topic "Topsoil"

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Morgan, Robert. Topsoil Road: Poems. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.

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Harris, J. A. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal populations in stored topsoil. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Clark, H. Vegetating coal refuse with topsoil and chemical amendments. S.l: s.n, 1993.

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Alberta. Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee., Alberta. Land Conservation and Reclamation Council., Thurber Consultants Ltd, Land Resources Network Ltd, and Norwest Soil Research Ltd, eds. Review of the effects of storage on topsoil quality. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1990.

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Semalulu, O. Phosphorous availability as affected by topsoil and subsoil mixing. S.l: s.n, 1992.

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Anderson, P. Effects of topsoil handling on biota in surface mine soils. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University, 1991.

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Daniels, W. Lee. Topsoil substitutes from hard rock overburden in the southern Appalachians ̀. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Zinkutė, Rimantė. Trace element technogenous associations in topsoil of urbanised territories of Lithuania. Vilnius: Institute of Geology and Geography, 2002.

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Wall, G. J. Erodibility of reconsolidated topsoil and subsoil materials used in highway construction. Downsview, Ont: Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1991.

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Nichols, O. G. Successional trends in bauxite minesites rehabilitated using three topsoil return techniques. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Topsoil"

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Vernon, Siobhan, Susan Irwine, Joanna Patton, and Neil Chapman. "Topsoil." In Landscape Architect's Pocket Book, 158–60. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003119500-30.

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Maiti, Subodh Kumar. "Topsoil Management." In Ecorestoration of the coalmine degraded lands, 83–96. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0851-8_5.

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Klar, Christian W., Peter Fiener, and Karl Schneider. "Topsoil Organic Carbon Content." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 171–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_21.

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Kodaparthi, Ashwitha, Karra Veera Bhuvana Sai Prajna, Shaik Aaliya Tabassum, Kathuroju Harikrishna, Ramachandruni Bhavya Sri, Mykala Manish, and Kalyani Chepuri. "Topsoil Regeneration and Bio-sequestration." In Earth and Environmental Sciences Library, 123–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53270-2_6.

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de Brogniez, Delphine, Cristiano Ballabio, Bas van Wesemael, Robert J. A. Jones, Antoine Stevens, and Luca Montanarella. "Topsoil Organic Carbon Map of Europe." In Soil Carbon, 393–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_39.

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van Egmond, F. M., E. H. Loonstra, and J. Limburg. "Gamma Ray Sensor for Topsoil Mapping: The Mole." In Proximal Soil Sensing, 323–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8859-8_27.

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Xu, Yan, Yuepeng Wang, Xing Liu, Dan Luo, and Hongman Liu. "China Topsoil Stripping Suitability Evaluation Based on Soil Properties." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture IX, 143–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48357-3_14.

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Musabaev, T., T. Kayupov, D. Seilkhanova, and G. Khafizova. "Analytical and numerical solutions for temperature distribution in topsoil layers." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies, 2513–19. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-391.

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Lebedeva, Marina, Maria Gerasimova, and Dmitry Golovanov. "Classification of the Topsoil Fabrics in Arid Soils of Central Asia." In Developments in Soil Classification, Land Use Planning and Policy Implications, 243–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5332-7_11.

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Magiera, T., Z. Strzyszcz, M. Ferdyn, and B. Gajda. "Screening of Anthropogenic Dust Pollutions in Topsoil by Using Magnetic Proxies." In Environmental Engineering Studies, 399–407. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8949-9_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Topsoil"

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Wang, Na, Qingzheng Xu, and Li Peng. "Heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil." In 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2012.6234259.

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Boring, Dane, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, and David M. Costello. "DEFORESTATION AND CULTIVATION MOBILIZE MERCURY FROM TOPSOIL." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290963.

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Aryaeinejad, R., and D. F. Spencer. "Si PIN diodes for detecting topsoil contamination." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1351807.

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Marotta, Jake, Robert Bigelow, James F. Bowring, and Noah M. Mclean. "TOPSOIL: COMMUNITY-DRIVEN REPLACEMENT FOR ISOPLOT DATA VISUALIZATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299107.

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Kang, Shaojie, Lianzheng Chen, and Yang Qiu. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Topsoil." In 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeit.2012.61.

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Ayers, Emily Mitchell, and Patrick Kangas. "Topsoil Development in Bioretention Cells: What Are the Implications?" In 2011 Low Impact Development Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413883.003.

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Zhang, Yun, Yongqi Han, and Bo Xu. "Design and implementation of topsoil image information database platform." In 2016 2nd Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA-16). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/wartia-16.2016.289.

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Teng, Yanguo, Jie Xiao, Qingqiang Zhang, Rui Zuo, Jinsheng Wang, and Jie Yang. "Bioavailable Vanadium Extracting with EDTA in Panzhihua Urban Park Topsoil." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162440.

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Askarova, D. A., V. V. Glebov, O. M. Rodionova, and E. V. Anikina. "Various approaches for reduction of heavy metal pollution of topsoil." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION GREEN ENERGY VEHICLE: AIGEV 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5087335.

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Oyewumi, Oluyinka, Angela Kim, Allison Weinsteiger, and Maxwell C. Meadows. "GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF TOPSOIL AND ROCK FORMATIONS FROM LEBANON, CT." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291657.

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Reports on the topic "Topsoil"

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Van Hemelrijck, Adinda. Resilience in Bangladesh: Impact Evaluation of the Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh (PSBiB) Project. Oxfam GB, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.5617.

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The ‘Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh’ (PSBiB) project was implemented together with 3 partner organizations between 2016 and 2019. It aimed to reduce the negative impacts of the construction and house building industry in Bangladesh on the environment, livelihoods and communities, by enabling a transition from unsustainable Traditional Bricks (TB) to sustainable Alternative Building Blocks (AB). This Effectiveness Review examines the effectiveness and relevance of the PSBiB project, with a focus on policy changes and contributions to strengthening the country’s resilience. It adopted the Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) as well as Contribution Tracing. The results provide evidence that the project’s strategies and interventions were significant and relevant in achieving the necessary changes in policies and legislation for promoting sustainable building materials and halting the extraction of topsoil from fertile land and protected areas. The evaluation also investigates the project’s contributions to triggering the market and to the capacities of resilience. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
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3

Whalen, J. B., and K. L. Currie. Geology, Topsails Igneous Terrane, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/126760.

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4

Løvschal, Mette, Havananda Ombashi, Marianne Høyem Andreasen, Bo Ejstrud, Renée Enevikd, Astrid Jensen, Mette Klingenberg, Søren Munch Kristiansen, and Nina Helt Nielsen. The Protected Burial Mound ‘Store Vejlhøj’, Vinderup, Denmark: First Results. Det Kgl. Bibliotek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aulsps-e.479.

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An archaeological excavation of the protected burial mound Store Vejlhøj in northwestern Denmark was carried out in October-November 2021. The excavation formed part of the ERC-funded research project called ANTHEA, focusing on the deep history of anthropogenic heathlands. It was conducted by Aarhus University in collaboration with Holstebro Museum and Moesgaard Museum. The aim was to test a new method of sampling pollen data from different construction stages in a burial mound and comparing them with pollen data from nearby lake sediments with a view to improving our understanding of prehistoric anthropogenic heathland dynamics. Prior to the excavation, soil cores were collected from two nearby peat sediments as well as six burial mounds (including Store Vejlhøj) within a 1 km range of Lake Skånsø, where previous pollen analyses had been carried out. Based on these preliminary corings, Store Vejlhøj was selected for further archaeological investigation. A dispensation for excavating the protected mound was granted by the Danish Palaces and Culture Agency. The excavation was based on a 5 m long trench through the barrow, moving from its foot inwards. The surface vegetation and 40 cm topsoil were removed by an excavator, after which the remainder of the trench was manually dug in horizontal layers. Observation conditions were good. The excavation revealed a series of well-defined barrow construction stages, as well as unusually wellpreserved turf structures. Only two archaeological finds could be related to the barrow, both of which were later than its initial construction: a secondary urn in the top layer, and the base of a second urn at the foot of the mound. The burial mound was constructed using a minimum of three shells, which could be observed in the trench profile. Turfs were most probably collected locally in a landscape dominated by grass pastures, where no previous turf cutting had taken place. A total of 34 soil samples were collected for paleoecological analyses (pollen, Non-Pollen Polymorphs (NPPs), macrofossils) and geoarchaeological analyses (micromorphology, bulk samples). Preliminary pollen and macrofossil results from the burial mound revealed poor preservation conditions, which prompted a trench extension of 0.5 m by 0.2 m to find better preservation conditions. This extension resulted in the collection of a single final macrofossil sample, although there was no identifiable change in the in-situ preservation conditions. The dating results of the mound have not yet been completed and will be included as appendix 4-6 in 2023.
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Whalen, J. B., and K. L. Currie. The Relationship of the Topsails Igneous Terrane To the Buchans Group. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122397.

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Udengaard, Niels, Richard Knight, Jesper Wendt, Jim Patel, Kip Walston, Pekka Jokela, and Cheryl Adams. Green Gasoline from Wood using Carbona Gasification and Topsoe TIGAS Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173129.

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7

He, Yuqi, Gusztáv Fekete, Dong Sun, Julien S. Baker, Shirui Shao, and Yaodong Gu. Lower Limb Biomechanics During the Topspin Forehand in Table Tennis: A Systemic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0096.

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8

Whalen, J. B. Geochemistry of the Mafic and Volcanic Components of the Topsails Igneous Suite, western Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120637.

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9

Stadnyk, Vаlentyna, Pavlo Izhevskiy, Nila Khrushch, Sergii Lysenko, Galyna Sokoliuk, and Tetjana Tomalja. Strategic priorities of innovation and investment development of the Ukraine's economy industrial sector. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4471.

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The problem of determining the investment priorities of the national economy development has been actuated. It has been argued that the formation of institutional preferences for activation of industry investment processes should be carried out taking into account the potential ability of each sectoral group enterprises to increase the added value. The scientific and methodical approach for sub-sectors investment attractiveness assessment has been formed on the example of the Ukrainian food industry. It has been recommended to use for this substantiated set of relative performance indexes which are duplicated in aggregate statistical state surveys based on the enterprise’s financial statements. It has been formed the recommendations for the investment priorities of food industry development in Ukraine which are based on the appropriate calculations made by the TOPSIS and CRITIC methods. Methods of economic-statistical and comparative analysis were used for structural and dynamic characteristics of the Ukraine industrial enterprises activities. Given that innovation processes should also cover small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, whose resource opportunities are mostly limited, it is proposed to expand them within the framework of a strategic partnership. Graphic modeling methods have been used to visualize the process of building the business structures resource potential on the basis of their strategic partnership. The influence of the motivational environment on the value of organizational relations within the partnership has been formalized.
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10

Heavy metals in forest floors and topsoils of ICP Forests Level I plots. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21436/inbor.29316481.

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