Journal articles: 'Topographic Survey'

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Akiyama, Yukihide, and Izumi Sakamoto. "The topography of the world by IN-YOU-ZU." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-5-2019.

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Abstract. The map which shows the large-scale topography on the earth is made variously even now. We made a Topographic map as IN-YOU-ZU from topographic data, too. An ambiguous part became easy to judge by a result and conventional expression method. A study of the map world is developed by using IN-YOU-ZU as a background map, and We will think with explication of the topography structure and expect scientific progress. A made Topographic map is using exhibited topographic public data. When more in-depth data can be used, it's expected that the precision of the expressive power rises more. Geographical Survey Institute make the basic mapinformation 5&thinsp;m mesh DEM, 500&thinsp;m mesh water depth data (J-EGG500) by JODC and the data of TOPO1 of World are used for a Topographic map.Theoretically, it's the Topographic map by which the modelling is put the accent on to add the temperature(cold or warm) color of the difference between the inside of the geomorphic surface mean and the plane where the outside is made the wavelength as the depth (or the height). The one to which the name of the large-scale tectonic forms was attached about the world topographical map is Figure 1. The world topographical map by IN-YOU-ZU.

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Song, Yi Rong, Guang Feng Chen, and Qian Yuan Cheng. "The Application of Riegl Laser Scanner in Topographic Survey." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.122.

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Based on the Guobu topographic survey project in Laxiwa hydropower station at Yellow River, different models of Riegl laser scanning equipment were used to measure each testing area’s topography. Laser scanning measuring technique plays a great role in the process of the hydroelectric topographic survey, and its efficiency works several times higher than that of using traditional measuring means. Moreover, it also can shorten measurement period and reduce the field cost of production, which can achieve good economic benefits and social benefits consequently.

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Xichen, Lin. "Topographic survey of specific environments." Geomatics Observation 1, no. 1 (2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/go.0101004c.

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Kim, Myoung-Bae, and Kang-Yul Kwak. "Seafloor Topographic Survey with Bedrock." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 29, no. 4 (August 30, 2011): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2011.29.4.343.

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Xie, Hui, Haoran Wang, Yayi Yang, Yongcan Chen, Jun Yang, Shuang Wang, and Zhaowei Liu. "Analysis of Underwater Topographic Survey of Stilling Basin Based on Unmanned Survey System." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514165.

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The combination of Global Positioning System-Real Time Kinematic (GPS-RTK) and depth sounder is an important technical method of modern underwater topographic survey. In this paper, the combined technology was integrated with unmanned surface vehicle (USV) technology to construct an unmanned survey system suitable for underwater topographic survey in stilling basin, and it was applied to survey the underwater topography of the stilling basin of Tingzikou hydrojunction project. Based on the surveying and mapping data and 3D model, the trend of elevation change of the stilling basin including apron, end sill, antiscour section, and river convergence section was analyzed. The results show that, for the surface outlet stilling basin of Tingzikou, after flood, the structure is complete, the boundaries are clear, the water quality is good, and there is little sediment on the surface of apron from overflow dam section to end sill. Furthermore, no obvious sediment or structural abnormality has been found in the still basin. Affected by the bedrock and cofferdam cobble gravel sediment, the elevation of the antiscour section and the downstream convergence section of the surface outlet stilling basin increased significantly. For the bottom outlet stilling basin of Tingzikou, there is large sediment within a range of 20 m∼40 m from the bottom sill and the maximum height of it reaches 2.04 m, while there is no obvious sediment or structural abnormality in the remaining region of basin. The critical sedimentation height can effectively judge the safety grade of the sedimentation height in stilling basin and provide a reliable support for assessing the overall safety of stilling basin. The application of unmanned survey technology improves the accuracy and timeliness of underwater topography and sedimentation distribution of stilling basin, which has significant application research value and promotion significance.

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Luh, L. C., H. Setan, Z. Majid, A. K. Chong, and Z. Tan. "High resolution survey for topographic surveying." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (February 25, 2014): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012067.

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Usery, E. Lynn. "GeoAI for Topographic Mapping Feature Extraction to Knowledge Graph." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-39-2020.

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Abstract. The U.S Geological Survey is exploring the use of machine learning and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) for topographic mapping tasks. These automated tasks include extracting topographic features such as hydrography, transportation, vegetation canopy, urban 3D structures, and others from raw data including lidar point clouds, color and near infrared images, historic topographic maps, and Web sources of existing geospatial resources. Current (2020) work includes extracting hydrography from elevation data, and geomorphic features with geographic names from historical topographical maps using Deep Learning. Extracted features are included in a geographic information system (GIS), supporting topographic mapping and modeling activities, and as semantic entities in a graph data model, building a knowledge graph for topographic data. These GIS datasets and topographic knowledge graphs can be used in automated topographic mapping processes and artificial intelligence routines that develop data for hydrologic, biologic, and geologic models that form part of the USGS EarthMap vision.

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Li, Sheng, David Lobb, Brian McConkey, R. A. MacMillan, Alan Moulin, and Walter Fraser. "Extracting topographic characteristics of landforms typical of Canadian agricultural landscapes for agri-environmental modeling. I. Methodology." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10080.

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Li, S., Lobb, D. A., McConkey, B. G., MacMillan, R. A., Moulin, A. and Fraser, W. R. 2011. Extracting topographic characteristics of landforms typical of Canadian agricultural landscapes for agri-environmental modeling. I. Methodology. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 251–266. Soil and topographic information are key inputs for many agri-environmental models and there are linkages between soil and topography at the field scale. A major source of soil data is soil databases established based on field soil survey. Although both soil and topographic information are recorded in field soil surveys, the nominal nature of the topographic data has limited their use in agri-environmental models. In this study, we developed a methodology to extract various topographic derivatives and to classify the landscape into landform elements with distinctive topographic characteristics based on detailed analyses of fine resolution digital elevation models. Data obtained from these analyses were used to calculate a representative two-dimensional hillslope of five segments, each with a defined length and slope gradient. A set of modal hillslopes was developed to describe topographic variability. Additional topographic parameters, ratios and indices were calculated to reflect different aspects of topographic characteristics and also to build connections between different agri-environmental models. In particular, a topographic complexity index was developed as a quantitative measure of the degrees of divergence and convergence. This paper describes the methodology using one site as an example. Application of this methodology to other landforms in agricultural land of Canada is reported in a companion paper.

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Zhu, Yu Feng, Xiao Li Ding, Zhi Wei Li, and Shi Jian Zhou. "Discussion on GPS-RTK Using in Undersea Topographic Survey." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.829.

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The advent of GPS technology creates a new high-tech avenue for ocean mapping. This paper mainly discusses the application of GPS-RTK technologies in undersea topographic survey. Taking the project of Yangkou man-made island in Nantong city as an example, discuss the particular application of sea mapping in under-water topographic survey. The main job and work procedure of GPS technologies in under-water topographic survey are introduced. Problems need to be cared during the procedure and how to solve them also are discussed. Feasibility analysis of RTK technologies in undersea topographic survey is also done in this paper.

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Moyle, Richard, and David Airey. "Monitoring of dynamic compaction using topographic survey." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 168, no. 1 (February 2015): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.13.00034.

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Stevens, D., W. M. McKay, and M. R. May. "TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING: THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION SURVEY." Photogrammetric Record 14, no. 79 (August 26, 2006): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1992.tb00209.x.

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Rockwell, Ken. "Privatization of U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps." Government Publications Review 17, no. 3 (May 1990): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(90)90032-9.

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Bartlett, Oliver T., Steven J. Palmer, Dustin M. Schroeder, Emma J. MacKie, Timothy T. Barrows, and Alastair G. C. Graham. "Geospatial simulations of airborne ice-penetrating radar surveying reveal elevation under-measurement bias for ice-sheet bed topography." Annals of Glaciology 61, no. 81 (April 2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.35.

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AbstractAirborne radio-echo sounding (RES) surveys are widely used to measure ice-sheet bed topography. Measuring bed topography as accurately and widely as possible is of critical importance to modelling ice dynamics and hence to constraining better future ice response to climate change. Measurement accuracy of RES surveys is influenced both by the geometry of bed topography and the survey design. Here we develop a novel approach for simulating RES surveys over glaciated terrain, to quantify the sensitivity of derived bed elevation to topographic geometry. Furthermore, we investigate how measurement errors influence the quantification of glacial valley geometry. We find a negative bias across RES measurements, where off-nadir return measurement error is typically −1.8 ± 11.6 m. Topographic highlands are under-measured an order of magnitude more than lowlands. Consequently, valley depth and cross-sectional area are largely under-estimated. While overall estimates of ice thickness are likely too high, we find large glacier valley cross-sectional area to be under-estimated by −2.8 ± 18.1%. Therefore, estimates of ice flux through large outlet glaciers are likely too low when this effect is not taken into account. Additionally, bed mismeasurements potentially impact our appreciation of outlet-glacier stability.

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Borisov, Mirko. "Expressive features of topographic maps." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, no. 3 (2011): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1103139b.

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In the field of official topographic cartography Serbia has a long tradition which origin dates from Princedom of Serbia. On the territory of Serbia and former federal state, there have been conducted several surveys in the field, of which the last one was conducted in the period from 1947 to 1967. Based on that survey, the entire area of ex state was covered with topographic maps, but some of them are interested for example at the scale from 1:25 000 up to 1:100 000. That maps are analyzed in this article, specially their characteristics.

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Gesch, Dean, and Robert Wilson. "Development of a Seamless Multisource Topographic/Bathymetric Elevation Model of Tampa Bay." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788058062.

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Many applications of geospatial data in coastal environments require knowledge of the near-shore topography and bathymetry. However, because existing topographic and bathymetric data have been collected independently for different purposes, it has been difficult to use them together at the land/water interface owing to differences in format, projection, resolution, accuracy, and datums. As a first step toward solving the problems of integrating diverse coastal datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are collaborating on a joint demonstration project to merge their data for the Tampa Bay region of Florida. The best available topographic and bathymetric data were extracted from the USGS National Elevation Dataset and the NOAA hydrographic survey database, respectively. Before being merged, the topographic and bathymetric datasets were processed with standard geographic information system tools to place them in a common horizontal reference frame. Also, a key part of the preprocessing was transformation to a common vertical reference through the use of VDatum, a new tool created by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey for vertical datum conversions. The final merged product is a seamless topographic/bathymetric model covering the Tampa Bay region at a grid spacing of 1 arc-second. Topographic LIDAR data were processed and merged with the bathymetry to demonstrate the incorporation of recent third party data sources for several test areas. A primary application of a merged topographic/bathymetric elevation model is for user-defined shoreline delineation, in which the user decides on the tidal condition (for example, low or high water) to be superimposed on the elevation data to determine the spatial position of the water line. Such a use of merged topographic/bathymetric data could lead to the development of a shoreline zone, which could reduce redundant mapping efforts by federal, state, and local agencies by allowing them to customize their portrayals of the shoreline using a standard baseline elevation dataset.

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Lei, Wang, and Sun Ning. "A brief analysis of complex desert topographic survey." Geomatics Observation 1, no. 2 (2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/go.0102009c.

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Ferguson, Jonathan. "Masuh: The 2001 TMAP Topographic and Archaeological Survey." Liber Annuus 63 (January 2013): 423–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.la.5.105606.

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Barliba, Livia Luminita, Costel Barliba, and Adrian Smuleac. "Topographical survey work and stake out of an agroindustrial building from Periam village, Timis county." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12274.

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The main objective of the project was to achieve a topographic survey works and mapping of an agro-purpose storage for vegetables and fruits produced by the existing farms from the village.The work theme includes achieving of cadastral plans base on a 1/5000 scale, using measurements for all studied locations and land cadastre units. GPS technology used in thickening RGNS, namely the determination of network support, lead to the lifting of all topographical stake out of the contour points. (Bârliba Luminiţa Livia, et. all.,2004),After that, the points were used as starting points for execution the tracing of the surface construction with the support of a total station.For topographical survey was used a V82 South GNSS receiver with two frequencies and 7 channels which allows RTK positioning in real time and then it was used permanent topographic station nearby Timisoara (TIM1.2.3). After overlapping the situation plan and plan developed by an architect, it was made the stake out of industrial building’s foundation with Leica Total Station 1205+, through the dedicated "Stakeout" software.Topographical works generally pursue two base objectives: the topographical survey completed by a digital representation of a small land area and staking out the construction building respectively implementing the projects on the ground (Bârliba Luminiţa Livia, et. all.,2005). This paper demonstrated that it is possible to achieve the optimal time of all field and office operations with precision and accuracy parameters required by the topographical laws and rules.

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Lin, Changhong, Sumei Zhong, Esben Auken, Hongzhu Cai, Handong Tan, Miao Peng, and Wenxin Kong. "The effects of 3D topography on controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric responses." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): WB97—WB108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0429.1.

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We have investigated the 3D topographic effects on controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data. Two 3D topographic models are considered: a trapezoidal-hill model and a trapezoidal-valley model. Different responses are generated, including the amplitude of the electric field, the amplitude of the magnetic field, the apparent resistivity, and phase data. The responses distorted by the 3D topography are simulated for the source located next to and on the hill/valley. Our study indicates that all electric field, magnetic field, apparent resistivity, and phase data are influenced by 3D topography, but to different extents. These topographic effects depend on the transmission-receiver-topography geometry, the transmission frequency, earth resistivity, and the roughness of the surface. The effects in the near-field generated by topography in the survey area are quite different from those in the far-field because of the existence of the source. Compared with those in the far-field zone, the magnetic field and phase data in the near-field zone are less distorted, but more distortions can be found on the electric field and apparent resistivity data over the hill and valley models. Our results also indicate that not only can the 3D topography in the receiver area lead to strong distortions, but also that at the source position can lead to strong distortions. We concluded our study by quantifying the roughness with which the topographic distortion can be ignored, setting the accepted data distortion to a maximum of 10%.

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Chouteau, Michel, and Karl Bouchard. "Two‐dimensional terrain correction in magnetotelluric surveys." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 6 (June 1988): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442520.

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Field distortions caused by topography hamper the interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data. Topographic features that can be simulated by two‐dimensional models seriously affect the H-polarization results. A technique to reduce those effects in MT data uses a finite‐element program to compute correction coefficients. After correction, the resulting data can be interpreted as if they were obtained over a flat surface and depended only on the subsurface structure. The technique is applied to four examples representative of MT survey targets in high‐relief terrain. Results indicate that terrain correction removes the misleading topographic anomalies and improves the quality of subsurface interpretation in regions where the surface relief is two‐dimensional. The correction technique yields some geometrical distortion of the original subsurface structure, but the distortion is usually of small importance. In practice, telluric dipoles of realistic length do not smooth out topographic effects having wavelengths longer than the telluric dipole. A practical procedure derived from the proposed technique allows terrain correction when the relief is approximately two‐dimensional.

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Altyntsev, Maxim, and Marina Altyntseva. "Generating topographic plans of oil and gas industry depending on a surveying method." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 447–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-447-463.

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The territories of oil and gas deposits are represented with complicated and diverse industrial objects. During their operation and building of new constructions it is necessary to conduct topographic survey. Various methods are used for this purpose. The selection of these methods is determined by the degree of area build-up, its size and scale of the topographic plan being created. Aerial methods of topographic surveys are relevant when mapping large territories. Terrestrial methods are used more often when surveying oil and gas objects. Among terrestrial methods classically are accepted tacheometrical survey and GNNS measurements. Terrestrial and mobile laser scanning currently gained great popularity. Introduction of laser scanning methods allowed users to significantly speed up field works keeping high accuracy of obtained data. The advantages of laser scanning application comparing to classical methods when surveying oil and gas deposits are described. It is discussed what cases of classical method application can be more preferable. To cover all the bases the description is provided on the basis of 3 deposit parts, which are different in the degree of area build-up and have different requirements for topographic plan creation as follows: scale, need to input semantic information, a format of representing the result. Introduction of new survey methods requires developing appropriate data processing techniques. As a rule, each new survey territory has its own features which should be taken into account when developing new techniques. The techniques for creating topographic plans using terrestrial laser scanning, mobile one and GNNS measurements are described.

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Barrows, L. J., and J. D. Fett. "A sloping wedge technique for calculating gravity terrain corrections." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 7 (July 1991): 1061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443116.

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Gravity terrain corrections account for the upward pull of topographic features which are higher than a gravity station (hills) and the lack of downward pull from open space which is lower than the station (valleys). In areas of rugged topography or in high precision surveys, the magnitude of the terrain corrections can be comparable to the anomalies being sought and the uncertainties in the terrain corrections can limit the accuracy of the survey. Also, calculating the corrections can require more time and effort than gathering the original field data. Even if terrain corrections are not made, it is necessary to show that their omission does not compromise the integrity of the survey.

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Udayanga, M. K. S. C., T. D. C. Pushpakumara, and Nalin Jayarathne. "Study of the Accuracy of Sri Lankan Drone Survey Technology for Land Survey on Different Terrain Conditions." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 10, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 3463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.500.

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With the development of the technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are more prominently used in construction field for surveying. Because of low time consume and easy to get data at unreachable places also. At present, large scaling topographic maps are obtaining using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry method, therefore UAV photogrammetry has replacing traditional survey method like total station. But don’t know how much accuracy it has, with comparing traditional survey methods. The accuracy may be consisting on the terrain conditions. So, it is better to check which terrain conditions have more accurate and which terrains are in very low accuracy. And also, accuracy of results may be depending on the accuracy of the topography software. Level terrain, vegetation area, build-up area and slope area were obtained during the research. Selected the Kantale sugar factory area in Sri Lanka, to understand the different terrain conditions. The results showed that the UAV results are more accurate with level terrain conditions and accuracy is low with other terrain conditions. Keywords Drone survey; Topography; UAV; Total station; RTK

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Colville, David, Brittany Reeves, Darien Ure, Bill Livingstone, and Heather Stewart. "Mapping the topography and land cover of Sable Island." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 48, no. 2 (May 7, 2016): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v48i2.6660.

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In September 2014 the Applied Geomatics Research Group (AGRG) completed a third aerial mapping campaign of Sable Island. The AGRG first mapped the island in October 2002 with an aerial photography survey. Then in August 2009 AGRG conducted an aerial photography and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) survey. Five years later these same technologies were deployed again. Each of these surveys led to an orthophoto mosaic of the island and a mapping of the land cover. The 2009 and 2014 surveys also mapped the island’s topography using Digital Surface Models (DSMs) derived from the LiDAR data. Ground-truthing efforts associated with each survey provided data to assist with the interpretation and validation of the results.The repeat surveys resulted in an excellent opportunity to quantify the topographic and land cover changes that have occurred on the island. The mapped results provide a comparison of how and where these changes have occurred over the years. AGRG is working with Parks Canada to better understand how the topography and land cover are changing. This understanding will contribute to Parks Canada Ecological Integrity monitoring program for Sable Island and inform the management planning process for one of Canada’s newest national parks.

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Studds, Robert F. A. "COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY DATA - AN AID TO THE COASTAL ENGINEER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.11.

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In its long career of surveying and chartering the coastal waters of the United States and possessions, a career which dates back to the early part of the nineteenth century, the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey has been associated with the problems of the coastal engineer. Its successive hydrographic and topographic surveys of the coastal regions furnish basic data for the study of changes in the coastline and adjacent underwater topography and the means to arrest these changes; its tide and current surveys provide the fundamental data necessary in the design of waterfront structures and in harbor improvement; and its geodetic control surveys provide an accurate base for the preliminary study and final construction plans for large-scale improvement projects. To a lesser extent the geomagnetic and seismologic data of the Bureau have also been used by the coastal engineer.

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TAKEUCHI, Yasunori, Toshihiko SUGAI, and Takashi KAGAYA. "Utility of topographic survey of stream pools using photographs." Ecology and Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (2012): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3825/ece.15.109.

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Sebert, L. M. "The geological survey and the topographic mapping of canada." CISM journal 46, no. 2 (July 1992): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1992-0016.

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Hlotov, Volodymyr, Alla Hunina, Ihor Kolb, Vadim Kolesnichenko, and Ihor Trevoho. "THE STUDY OF THE “CETUS” UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR TOPOGRAPHIC AERIAL SURVEYING." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12120.

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The work aims to analyze and study the possibilities of using “Cetus” unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for performing topographic aerial surveys. The authors developed and tested aircraft-type UAV for topographic aerial photography. The studies were conducted on a specialized landfill, at which there is an appropriate number of situational points whose coordinates are determined with high accuracy. These points were used as both reference and control points. The obtained UAV aerial survey materials were subjected to a phototriangulation process to determine the orientation elements and to analyze, first and foremost, the angular orientation elements. The surveying was carried out on a mountainous territory, where the spatial coordinates of 37 situational points were determined by the method of ground-based GPS survey with an average accuracy of up to 0.05 m. These points were used as reference and control points. Aerial photography was performed in such a way that the scale of the images was as uniform as possible. The design solutions implemented in the Cetus UAV provide all the possibilities to perform aerial surveys of territories in strict compliance with the projected flight parameters. UAV equipment provides the necessary real-time correction of the position of the aerial camera. At the same time the optimum straightness of routes, stability of scales and mutual overlapping of pictures is reached. Regarding the accuracy of obtaining the spatial coordinates of the points of terrain objects, using “Cetus” UAV surveys, plans can even be made on a scale of even 1: 1000. As a result of the creation of the UAV “Cetus”, it became possible to perform the topographic aerial survey of the territories and to create large-scale orthophotos that fully meet the instructions. As a result of testing the “Cetus” UAV, it can be used in production processes when drawing up topographic plans for a large-scale series: 1: 1000 – 1: 5000, which will significantly save the cost of performing topographic work.

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PINTO, J. R. R., A. T. OLIVEIRA-FILHO, and J. D. V. HAY. "INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHY ON THE COMPOSITION OF A TREE COMMUNITY IN A CENTRAL BRAZILIAN VALLEY FOREST." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 62, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606000035.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between environmental variables related to the substrate (soil and topography) and the distribution of tree species in a valley forest in the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The forest lies in the Cerrado Domain of Central Brazil where the dominant vegetation cover is cerrado (woody savanna). A survey of the tree community registered all live individuals with circumference at breast height (cbh)≥15cm found in eighteen 600m2 plots (total area 1.08ha). The substrate variables used in the gradient analyses were obtained from a topographic survey and from analyses of the chemical and physical properties of soil samples. A principal components analysis of soil and topography variables and a canonical correspondence analysis of the species–environment relationships produced similar results, separating both the substrate variables and the tree species abundances, mainly according to the two types of bedrock, sandstone or slate, underlying their soils, and secondly to the three topographic sectors recognized: Streamside, Mid Slope and Upper Slope. The differences in soil fertility and texture (related to the bedrocks) and the soil water regime (related to both soil texture and topography) were probably the chief factors determining the distribution of tree species in the forest.

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Balletti, C., C. Beltrame, E. Costa, F. Guerra, and P. Vernier. "UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF MARBLE CARGOS SHIPWRECK." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5 (April 9, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w5-7-2015.

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Nowadays archaeological and architectural surveys are based on the acquisition and processing of point clouds, allowing a high metric precision, essential prerequisite for a good documentation. Digital image processing and laser scanner have changed the archaeological survey campaign, from manual and direct survey to a digital one and, actually, multi-image photogrammetry is a good solution for the underwater archaeology. This technical documentation cannot operate alone, but it has to be supported by a topographical survey to georeference all the finds in the same reference system. In the last years the Ca' Foscari and IUAV University of Venice are conducting a research on integrated survey techniques to support underwater metric documentation. The paper will explain all the phases regarding the survey’s design, images acquisition, topographic measure and the data processing of two Roman shipwrecks in south Sicily. The cargos of the shipwrecks are composed by huge marble blocks, but they are different for morphological characteristic of the sites, for the depth and for their distribution on the seabed. Photogrammetrical and topographical surveys were organized in two distinct methods, especially for the second one, due to the depth that have allowed an experimentation of GPS RTK’s measurements on one shipwreck. Moreover, this kind of three-dimensional documentation is useful for educational and dissemination aspect, for the ease of understanding by wide public.

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Swensen, James R. "New cartographics: Photography and the artistic mapping of the American West, 1969‐79." European Journal of American Culture 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00012_1.

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This article examines the work of a diverse group of photographers who in the late 1960s and 1970s employed mapping techniques and devices as a means of artistic creation. Products of photography’s unprecedented growth, photographers John Pfahl, Michael Bishop, Kenneth Josephson and the participants of the Rephotographic Survey Project employed cartographic and topographic strategies as part of their exploration of the history of their medium and the American West. These artist-photographers, moreover, responded to the nineteenth-century surveys of the West as well as its relation to other, better-known contemporary movements like ‘New Topographics’. In all, this article provides the first exploration of this distinctive group of American photographers which may be collectively termed: ‘new cartographics’.

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Hochmair, Hartwig, and Adam Benjamin. "An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps." EDIS 2021, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr432-2021.

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Topographic maps provide both a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground and a quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines. They can be used to address spatial questions in disciplines related to natural resources, hydrology, forestry, agriculture, or ecology. In 1879, the United States Geological Survey began to map the topography of the United States, producing new map versions of each area at semi-regular time intervals. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. Unlike traditional topographic maps, the US Topo product is automatically generated from national map databases with topographic maps and produced every three years for all 48 of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and the United States territories. They are published as freely available geospatial PDF documents that facilitate coordinate readings and spatial measurements (e.g. distance, area) through built-in georeferencing technology. This 7-page fact sheet written by Hartwig H. Hochmair and Adam R. Benjamin and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation focuses on US Topo quadrangle download procedures and layer structure. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr432

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Vieira, Gonçalo Teles, Miguel Ramos, and Jorge Gárate. "Detailed geomorphological mapping with Kinematic GPS. Examples from Livingston Island, Antarctic." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 4 (December 26, 2001): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i4.35.

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The detailed geomorphological mapping of landforms and deposits is widespread in Quaternary geomorphology studies. It consists on the precise representation of the spatial position of geomorphological information and their characterization (e.g. topography, hydrology, morphometry, morphography, morphogenesis,morphochronology and morphodynamics) in large-scale maps (usually 1:5,000 to 1:25,000).The data is collectcd using both remote sensing (aerial photo interpretation, satellite images, etc.) and detailed field surveys. However, in areas without topographic maps, or where the scale of the existing is too small, it becomes very difficult, or even impossible to make a detailed geomorphological survey. But even in areas with good topographic data, the precise location of small or very irregular landforms and deposits is frequently difficult. The recent development of high precision GPS (Global Positioning System) allows the cartographic produclion with an accuracy that could only be achieved using traditional geodetic surveys. The main advantage is the much raster working procedure and direct data storage in a digital format. The later can easily be integrated in a Geographical lnlormation System. The installation of a Kynematic GPS in the Spanish Antartic Station (Livingston Island, South Shetlands) in the Austral summer of 1999-2000, made its use possible in the framework of the geomorphological survey that was being conducted at lhe time. ln this paper the application of the Kynematic GPS system is explained and two examples of detailed geomorphological maps at the scale 1:5,000 produced using this technique are presented.

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Bonora, V., R. Maseroli, F. Mugnai, and G. Tucci. "GNNS CONTROL NETWORK SUPPORTING LARGE HISTORICAL BUILDING ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-87-2021.

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Abstract. The paper points the attention to some hidden parts of metric surveys, that usually are not enough documented in scientific papers but in technical reposts. Reporting encountered challenges and discussing identified technical solutions and methodologies to overcome bottlenecks and operative issues, highlights the novelty of the presented experience from a technical viewpoint. The overall approach has been reported taking care of describing technical details and present case study’s implementation of the applied techniques. Integrating GNSS control Networks and topographic tools to design, implement and perform a rigorous topographic survey methodology in describing built heritage, which is one of the modern geomatics’ advancements, has been depicted. An ad hoc datum has been designed to guarantee a clear compliance both to cartographic standards and architectural representations in 1:50 to 1:100 graphical output scale.

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Lumban-Gaol, Jonson, Nyoman Metta N. Natih, and Marlis Yulianto. "Kajian Lahan Potensial untuk Budidaya Perikanan dari Citra Satelit di Pantai Timur Belitung." Majalah Geografi Indonesia 32, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mgi.33420.

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Pemetaan lahan yang potensial untuk budidaya perikanan dilakukan melalui pemetaan topografi dan tutupan lahan dari citra satelit serta survei lapang di perairan pantai Timur Belitung. Peta Topografi estimasi dari citra satelit mempunyai pola yang sama dengan hasil pengukuran terestris dimana ketinggian lahan semakin meningkat mulai dari garis pantai menuju daratan. Data hasil pengukuran topografi secara terestris lebih tinggi dari data topografi estimasi dari data satelit. Tipe pasut di perairan pantai Belitung timur adalah tipe tunggal. Data pasut ini digunakan menjadi acuan untuk pengukuran topografi secara terestris. Peta tutupan lahan hasil intrepretasi dari citra satelit diklasifikasikan menjadi kelas: hutan primer, hutan sekunder, belukar, rawa/air, lahan terbuka, permukiman dan galian tambang. Berdasarkan peta topografi, peta tutupan lahan dan data pasang surut maka lahan di wilayah kajian pesisir pantai Timur Belitung potensial dikembangkan untuk budidaya perikanan seluas 9.000 ha. ABSTRACT Mapping potential land for aquaculture was done through topography, and land cover mapping derived satellite imagery and field survey in the east coast of Belitung. Topographic data derived satellite, and terrestrial measurement shows that topographic patterns increase as we move from the coastal line to inland. Topographic data from the terrestrial measurement was higher than satellite estimations. The type of tide in the east coast Belitung’s is the diurnal type. Within this research, tidal data was used as a reference terrestrial topographic measurement. Land coverage maps from satellite images were classified into primary and secondary forests, grove forests, marsh/water lands, open land, inhabited land, and mining areas. According to topographic, land cover map, and tide pattern it can be confirmed that the eastern coastal area of Belitung has the potential to be developed into an aquaculture fishery area of 9,000 ha.

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OMURA, Makoto, Toshihide ITO, and Takashi NISHIYAMA. "Topographic Survey in Open-cut Mines by Using RTK-GPS." Shigen-to-Sozai 114, no. 10 (1998): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.114.699.

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Oh, Young Hun. "Applicability Analysis of Drone Survey Data for Digital Topographic Maps." Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology 19, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26511/jkset.19.5.12.

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Fassoni-Andrade, Alice César, Fabien Durand, Daniel Moreira, Alberto Azevedo, Valdenira Ferreira dos Santos, Claudia Funi, and Alain Laraque. "Comprehensive bathymetry and intertidal topography of the Amazon estuary." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 2275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2275-2021.

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Abstract. The characterization of estuarine hydrodynamics primarily depends on knowledge of the bathymetry and topography. Here, we present the first comprehensive, high-resolution dataset of the topography and bathymetry of the Amazon River estuary, the world's largest estuary. Our product is based on an innovative approach combining spaceborne remote sensing data, an extensive and processed river depth dataset, and auxiliary data. Our goal with this mapping is to promote the database usage in studies that require this information, such as hydrodynamic modeling or geomorphological assessments. Our twofold approach considered 500 000 sounding points digitized from 19 nautical charts for bathymetry estimation, in conjunction with a state-of-the-art topographic dataset based on remote sensing, encompassing intertidal flats, riverbanks, and adjacent floodplains. Finally, our estimate can be accessed in a unified 30 m resolution regular grid referenced to the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08), complemented both landward and seaward by land (Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain digital elevation model, MERIT DEM) and ocean (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans version 2020, GEBCO_2020) topographic data. Extensive validation against independent and spatially distributed data, from an airborne lidar survey, from ICESat-2 altimetric satellite data, and from various in situ surveys, shows a typical vertical accuracy of 7.2 m (riverbed) and 1.2 m (non-vegetated intertidal floodplains). The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17632/3g6b5ynrdb.2 (Fassoni-Andrade et al., 2021).

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Yuan, X., G. Qiao, Y. Li, H. Li, and R. Xu. "MODELLING OF GLACIER AND ICE SHEET MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY BASED ON UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DATA, ANTARCTICA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-919-2020.

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Abstract. Modelling of glacier and ice sheet micro-topography is meaningful for the understanding of interactions between local ice mass and climate. Here, we used an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform composed of a DJI Phantom 4 and a D-RTK mobile station to model the surface micro-topography around Zhongshan Station of China, East Antarctica. Two UAV survey types (vertical and oblique aerial photogrammetry) were performed during the China's 35th Antarctic expedition (CHINARE) in 2018–2019. Six surveys were obtained by the SfM-MVS technology. Then, we extracted the features of glacier surface micro-topography (blue ice, crevasses, ice doline and melt-water). It’s noteworthy that traces of melt-water and a large ice doline appeared on the surface of Dalk Glacier in December 2018. Finally, we concluded that surface micro-topographic features, observable in the UAV-derived models but unavailable on satellite images, may reveal hints for interactions between surface and beneath processes in regional polar glacier.

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Celms, Armands, Vivita Pukite, Ilona Reke, Giedrius Balevičius, and Sandija Ozolina. "Practical application of surveying methods for determination of volume quarry mining." Baltic Surveying 13 (November 16, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2020.vol13.001.

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Nowadays, various types of geodetic measuring instruments are available in surveying. When conducting a survey of a terrain, surveyor must choose a survey method that is capable of providing high precision measurements. In the surveying process, it is possible to use the following measurement methods - tachymetric survey method, positioning method and remote sensing method. Each of the methods produces data formats that can be used further for volume calculations. The paper analyses the volume differences that are obtained when using various survey methods and volume calculation programs to obtain the surface model. The use of such a tool is important for useful mineral miners, so that surveyors make qualitative surveys and obtain accurate and reliable volumes. Useful minerals miners are required to report annually on their mining volume for a specified period. The useful minerals miners shall at all times keep records of the quantities of minerals actually extracted. Regardless of the type of accounting, topographic surveying and the calculation of volumes, if mineral is extracted in mineral deposits of national importance, more than 50 000 m3, are required (Augstas detalizācijas topogrāfiskās…, 2012). High-quality and accurate topographic survey is needed to create the most realistic surface model appropriate to the terrain. It is defined that the difference between the volumes obtained from the recording of vehicle loads should not be more than 5% when comparing the result of the mineral extraction from topographic surveys (Derīgo izrakteņu ieguves…, 2012; Noteikumi par valsts…, 2018). Nowadays, various measurement methods can be used to obtain data from which a surface model can be generated, and this model can then be used for volume calculations. The surface model is a set of points where, in addition to plane coordinates (x and y), there is also altitude (z) known (Luukkonen, 2011). Each measurement method has its own different measuring instruments that can be used, each method has its own operating principles, on which the quality and accuracy of the obtained data depends.

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Ardizzone, F., M. Cardinali, M. Galli, F. Guzzetti, and P. Reichenbach. "Identification and mapping of recent rainfall-induced landslides using elevation data collected by airborne Lidar." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 6 (November 6, 2007): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-637-2007.

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Abstract. A high resolution Digital Elevation Model with a ground resolution of 2 m×2 m (DEM2) was obtained for the Collazzone area, central Umbria, through weighted linear interpolation of elevation points acquired by Airborne Lidar Swath Mapping. Acquisition of the elevation data was performed on 3 May 2004, following a rainfall period that resulted in numerous landslides. A reconnaissance field survey conducted immediately after the rainfall period allowed mapping 70 landslides in the study area, for a total landslide area of 2.7×105 m2. Topographic derivative maps obtained from the DEM2 were used to update the reconnaissance landslide inventory map in 22 selected sub-areas. The revised inventory map shows 27% more landslides and 39% less total landslide area, corresponding to a smaller average landslide size. Discrepancies between the reconnaissance and the revised inventory maps were attributed to mapping errors and imprecision chiefly in the reconnaissance field inventory. Landslides identified exploiting the Lidar elevation data matched the local topography more accurately than the same landslides mapped using the existing topographic maps. Reasons for the difference include an incomplete or inaccurate view of the landslides in the field, an unfaithful representation of topography in the based maps, and the limited time available to map the landslides in the field. The high resolution DEM2 was compared to a coarser resolution (10 m×10 m) DEM10 to establish how well the two DEMs captured the topographic signature of landslides. Results indicate that the improved topographic information provided by DEM2 was significant in identifying recent rainfall-induced landslides, and was less significant in improving the representation of stable slopes.

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Siripong, Absornsuda. "Andaman Seacoast of Thailand Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2209927.

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The post-tsunami runups on the damaged Andaman Sea coastline of Thailand from the tsunami of 26 December 2004 were surveyed by Thai and Korean teams for 99 transects from 23 January to 7 February 2005. The highest runup in Thailand was 15.68 m at Cape Coral, in Phang-nga province, and the longest inundation distance was 3 km at Bang Nieng, in Phang-nga province. The causes of the variation in runup were analyzed by using the method of splitting tsunami (MOST) model, tide gauges, satellite imagery, and field data with topographic charts. The distribution of runups reflects the effects of bathymetry, coastal topography, coastline configuration and slope, the pattern and density of land use, and the biological and geomorphological characteristics of offshore and near-shore areas.

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Balsi, Marco, Salvatore Esposito, Paolo Fallavollita, Maria Grazia Melis, and Marco Milanese. "Preliminary Archeological Site Survey by UAV-Borne Lidar: A Case Study." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030332.

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Preliminary analysis of an archaeological site requires the acquisition of information by several diverse diagnostic techniques. Remote sensing plays an important role especially in spatially extended and not easily accessible sites for the purposes of preventive and rescue archaeology, landscape archaeology, and intervention planning. In this paper, we present a case study of a detailed topographic survey based on a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV; also known as drone). The high-resolution digital terrain model, obtained from the cloud of points automatically labeled as ground, was searched exhaustively by an expert operator looking for entrances to prehistoric hypogea. The study documents the usefulness of such a technique to reveal anthropogenic structures hidden by vegetation and perform fast topographic documentation of the ground surface.

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Mora, Omar E., Amal Suleiman, Jorge Chen, Doug Pluta, Matthew H. Okubo, and Rich Josenhans. "Comparing sUAS Photogrammetrically-Derived Point Clouds with GNSS Measurements and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Topographic Mapping." Drones 3, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3030064.

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Interest in small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) for topographic mapping has significantly grown in recent years, driven in part by technological advancements that have made it possible to survey small- to medium-sized areas quickly and at low cost using sUAS aerial photography and digital photogrammetry. Although this approach can produce dense point clouds of topographic measurements, they have not been tested extensively to provide insights on accuracy levels for topographic mapping. This case study examines the accuracy of a sUAS-derived point cloud of a parking lot located at the Citizens Bank Arena (CBA) in Ontario, California, by comparing it to ground control points (GCPs) measured using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data corrected with real-time kinematic (RTK) and to data from a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) survey. We intentionally chose a flat surface due to the prevalence of flat scenes in sUAS mapping and the challenges they pose for accurately deriving vertical measurements. When the GNSS-RTK survey was compared to the sUAS point cloud, the residuals were found to be on average 18 mm and −20 mm for the horizontal and vertical components. Furthermore, when the sUAS point cloud was compared to the TLS point cloud, the average difference observed in the vertical component was 2 mm with a standard deviation of 31 mm. These results indicate that sUAS imagery can produce point clouds comparable to traditional topographic mapping methods and support other studies showing that sUAS photogrammetry provides a cost-effective, safe, efficient, and accurate solution for topographic mapping.

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Lim, Chung Han. "Topographic Survey and Modelling using Photogrammetry: A Comparison against Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Method." ASM Science Journal 16 (September 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.720.

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Topographic surveying has been an important companion to the civil engineer in the development of human civilization since ancient history. It is used to map terrestrial features on the ground along with its contour heights. Application of this can be seen in the establishing land boundaries and setting out construction projects. Conventional methods of surveying range from ground field methods such as the use of total station to aerial surveys such as photogrammetry or LiDAR. This study looks to assess the feasibility of aerial photogrammetry using UAVs as a replacement to the conventional EDM survey using total stations. This objective was achieved by carrying out both photogrammetric and EDM surveys on a 350m long stretch of highway. The resulting survey data were processed to produce two comparative TIN surfaces of the highway which were then superimposed together and compared for accuracy. It could be observed that on plan view, both surfaces were quite closely matched with a maximum difference of less than 0.4m and a low standard deviation. In elevation view, however, the differences were larger with maximums of 5.0m, accompanied by large standard deviations. RMS error analysis carried out also correlate with the findings.

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Beretta, Filipe, Henrique Shibata, Rodrigo Cordova, Rodrigo de Lemos Peroni, Jeremias Azambuja, and João Felipe Coimbra Leite Costa. "Topographic modelling using UAVs compared with traditional survey methods in mining." REM - International Engineering Journal 71, no. 3 (July 2018): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672017710074.

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Youqing, Wu. "A Case study on topographic survey of Xinjiang opencast coal mine." Geomatics Observation 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/go.0101001c.

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Song, Xiao-long, Yu-chuan Bai, and Chao Ying. "A three-dimensional topographic survey based on two-dimensional image information." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 15, no. 1 (January 2014): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.a1300317.

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Patel, M. H., Y. N. Dhivar, S. S. Nalwade, M. M. Pansare, and V. D. Pawar. "“DEM Based Topographic Survey of Vaijapur Taluka using RS and GIS”." International Journal of Engineering Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2319-6890.2018.00002.8.

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Sciarrone, V., and A. Vassallo. "FROM THE TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY TO THE GEODETIC COORDINATES OF A POINT." Survey Review 29, no. 227 (January 1988): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.1988.29.227.248.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographic Survey'

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