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Academic literature on the topic 'Topographic positioning'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Topographic positioning"

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Mikita, Tomáš, and Martin Klimánek. "Topographic Exposure and its Practical Applications." Journal of Landscape Ecology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0022-3.

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Topographic Exposure and its Practical ApplicationsTopographic exposure is a topographic characteristic representing a degree of protection by a surrounding topography of a certain site. Detailed knowledge of topographic exposure has broad use in a number of applications ranging from studying forest wind damage through research on snow storage dynamics to optimisation in positioning wind power stations. This paper describes a method for creation of topographic exposure on the basis of a digital elevation model (DEM) using GIS. In combination with other climatic data on wind direction and speed, this factor is used to define the degree of terrain ventilation. Low terrain ventilation has, among other things, a significant influence on the creation of valley inversions and related vegetation zoning inversions. By combining the degree of terrain ventilation with DEM and forest vegetation zones in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny, a clear relationship between the influence of topographic exposure, or terrain ventilation, and the creation of the vegetation zoning inversion was determined.
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Wang, Lihui, Le Yu, and Yanhua Zhu. "Construction Method of the Topographical Features Model for Underwater Terrain Navigation." Polish Maritime Research 22, s1 (September 1, 2015): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0043.

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Abstract Terrain database is the reference basic for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to implement underwater terrain navigation (UTN) functions, and is the important part of building topographical features model for UTN. To investigate the feasibility and correlation of a variety of terrain parameters as terrain navigation information metrics, this paper described and analyzed the underwater terrain features and topography parameters calculation method. Proposing a comprehensive evaluation method for terrain navigation information, and constructing an underwater navigation information analysis model, which is associated with topographic features. Simulation results show that the underwater terrain features, are associated with UTN information directly or indirectly, also affect the terrain matching capture probability and the positioning accuracy directly.
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Han, Jen-Yu, Yu Wu, and Rou-Yu Liu. "Determining the optimal site location of GNSS base stations." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 18, no. 1 (March 2012): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702012000100009.

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The relative positioning technique plays an essential role in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys. Simultaneous observation at base and rover stations eliminates the majority of error sources thus the quality of a positioning solution can be substantially improved. However, topographic obstruction is still a key issue affecting positioning quality. In this study, an integrated approach for analyzing the impact of topographic obstruction on GNSS relative positioning has been developed. By considering varied satellite geometry according to actual terrain variation, this approach can be used to realistically determine satellite visibility condition for a specific base station with respect to any rover station. Furthermore, a base station quality index (BSQI) is proposed as an explicit indication of the sufficiency in a relative positioning. By incorporating the proposed approach, one can immediately identify an optimal site location for a GNSS base station with subsequent GNSS field survey thus achieved in a more reliable and cost-efficient manner.
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Rodrigues, Thiago G., Waldir R. Paradella, and Cleber G. Oliveira. "Evaluation of the altimetry from SRTM-3 and planimetry from high-resolution PALSAR FBD data for semi-detailed topographic mapping in the Amazon Region." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 3 (September 2011): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000300014.

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The Brazilian Amazon has a deficit of 35% of coverage regarding topographic mapping at semi-detailed (1:100,000) scale. This paper presents an alternative to overcome this scenario using a combination of planialtimetric information from two orbital SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) missions. The altimetry was acquired from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), while the planimetry was provided from Fine Beam Dual (FBD) images of the Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) sensor. The research was carried out in the mountainous area of the Serra dos Carajás (Pará State), located on the Amazon region. The quality of the orbital topographic information was evaluated regarding precise planialtimetric measurements acquired from Global Positioning System (GPS) field campaigns. The evaluations were performed following two approaches: (1) the use of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and (2) tendency and precision hypothesis tests. The investigation has shown that the planialtimetric quality of the orbital products fulfilled the Brazilian Map Accuracy Standards requirements for 1:100,000 A Class map. Thus, the use of combination of information provided by PALSAR and SRTM-3 data can be considered a promising alternative for production and update of semi-detailed topographic mapping in similar environments of the Amazon region, where topographic information is lacking or presents low quality.
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Carreno-Luengo, Hugo, Guido Luzi, and Michele Crosetto. "First Evaluation of Topography on GNSS-R: An Empirical Study Based on a Digital Elevation Model." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212556.

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Understanding the effects of Earth’s surface topography on Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) space-borne data is important to calibrate experimental measurements, so as to provide accurate soil moisture content (SMC) retrievals. In this study, several scientific observables obtained from delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) ⟨ | Y r , t o p o ( τ , f ) | 2 ⟩ generated on board the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission were evaluated as a function of several topographic parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). This assessment was performed as a function of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)-derived SMC at grazing angles θ e ~ [20,30] ° and in a nadir-looking configuration θ e ~ [80,90] °. Global scale results showed that the width of the trailing edge (TE) was small T E ~ [100, 250] m and the reflectivity was high Γ ~ [–10, –3] dB over flat areas with low topographic heterogeneity, because of an increasing coherence of Earth-reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. However, the strong impact of several topographic features over areas with rough topography provided motivation to perform a parametric analysis. A specific target area with little vegetation, low small-scale surface roughness, and a wide variety of terrains in South Asia was selected. A significant influence of several topographic parameters i.e., surface slopes and curvatures was observed. This triggered our study of the sensitivity of T E and Γ to SMC and topographic wetness index ( T W I ). Regional scale results showed that T E and Γ are strongly correlated with the T W I , while the sensitivity to SMC was almost negligible. The Pearson correlation coefficients of T E and Γ with T W I are r Γ ~ 0.59 and r T E ~−0.63 at θ e ~ [20, 30] ° and r Γ ~ 0.48 and r T E ~ −0.50 at θ e ~ [80, 90] °, respectively.
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Wilson, John P., Damian J. Spangrud, Gerald A. Nielsen, Jeffrey S. Jacobsen, and David A. Tyler. "Global Positioning System Sampling Intensity and Pattern Effects on Computed Topographic Attributes." Soil Science Society of America Journal 62, no. 5 (September 1998): 1410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050038x.

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Sevruk, B., and K. Mieglitz. "The effect of topography, season and weather situation on daily precipitation gradients in 60 Swiss valleys." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0025.

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Daily precipitation in the Swiss valleys decreases frequently with altitude, particularly in southern Switzerland. Only one-third of precipitation days show positive precipitation gradients with a fairly strong correlation of precipitation with altitude (R2≥0.5). Generally, precipitation gradients are larger in the north than in the south but there are large differences among valleys situated near to each other. The effects of precipitation amount, weather situation, region and season, wind speed and topography were not very significant at all. It seems that the positioning of the upper and lower precipitation gauges under specific topographic and climate conditions can affect the precipitation gradients in a particular valley.
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Scambos, Ted A., Nadine A. Nereson, and Mark A. Fahnestock. "Detailed topography of Roosevelt Island and Siple Dome, West Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-61-67.

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Detailed surface topography is presented for two dome features of the West Antarctic ice sheet, Siple Dome and Roosevelt Island. Both these domes show linear topographic features, or “scars”, on [heir flanks. Topography is determined from a combination of existing digital elevation models (DEMs; based on satellite radar altimctry), photoclinomctry (using advanced very high-resolution radiometer images to quantitatively infer topographic details) and, in the case of Siple Dome, surface global positioning system topographic profiles. The enhanced DEMs provide heights and shapes for a variety of surface features in the vicinity of the domes, such as scars, surface undulations, ice rises and the domes themselves. The DEMs indicate that the scar features on both domes are high relative to adjacent rapid-ice-llow areas. Scars and other related morphologic features on the flanks of both domes can be interpreted as former active ice streams and stream margins. For Siple Dome, this interpretation is confirmed by radar profiling. The evolution of the topographic height of the scars is a combination of two processes: initial elevation rise due to a positive mass balance at the shear margin in the immediate aftermath of shut-down of the ice stream; and later downslope flow as the scars become part of the dome and the dome surface velocity field. Superimposed on these events is accumulation, which buries the original shear margin but elevates the scar surface expression. Depending upon the timing of shut-flown, and the relative magnitude of these processes, the height of the scars above the current rapidly flowing surfaces may be indicative of ice-sheet thinning since shut-down, or dome expansion across former ice-stream trunks in a more or less steady-state ice sheet.
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Barliba, Livia Luminita, Costel Barliba, and Adrian Smuleac. "Topographical survey work and stake out of an agroindustrial building from Periam village, Timis county." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12274.

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The main objective of the project was to achieve a topographic survey works and mapping of an agro-purpose storage for vegetables and fruits produced by the existing farms from the village.The work theme includes achieving of cadastral plans base on a 1/5000 scale, using measurements for all studied locations and land cadastre units. GPS technology used in thickening RGNS, namely the determination of network support, lead to the lifting of all topographical stake out of the contour points. (Bârliba Luminiţa Livia, et. all.,2004),After that, the points were used as starting points for execution the tracing of the surface construction with the support of a total station.For topographical survey was used a V82 South GNSS receiver with two frequencies and 7 channels which allows RTK positioning in real time and then it was used permanent topographic station nearby Timisoara (TIM1.2.3). After overlapping the situation plan and plan developed by an architect, it was made the stake out of industrial building’s foundation with Leica Total Station 1205+, through the dedicated "Stakeout" software.Topographical works generally pursue two base objectives: the topographical survey completed by a digital representation of a small land area and staking out the construction building respectively implementing the projects on the ground (Bârliba Luminiţa Livia, et. all.,2005). This paper demonstrated that it is possible to achieve the optimal time of all field and office operations with precision and accuracy parameters required by the topographical laws and rules.
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Herbei, Mihai Valentin, Roxana Claudia Herbei, and Larisa Ofelia Filip. "Spatial Representation of Useful Minerals Deposits." Mining Revue 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0019.

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Abstract Starting from the fact that in the mining industry and in general in the field of underground constructions, the topographic activity, regardless of which of its manifestations, conditions and substantiates the achievement of economic and technological objectives, implicitly resulting in the dependence between topographic precision and qualitative and quantitative performance of mining. The level at which the professional responsibility of the topographic activity, as a whole is engaged in the achievement of some proposed objectives, depends on the framework resulting from the technological complexity of the mining activity in the conditions of its restructuring and efficiency. Spatial representations of useful mineral deposits in the earth's crust, which meet the quality conditions necessary for the design of underground mining works, can be used to choose the most efficient methods of opening, preparation and exploitation of useful mineral deposits. These analyzes are the basis for the realization of underground topographic networks that have a precise connection with the topographic base at the surface. The use of stereographic projection and stereographic networks can be achieved by faithfully representing the tectonics and positioning of deposits of useful mineral matter inside the earth's crust.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topographic positioning"

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Itame, Otávio Yassuo 1956. "Avaliação do posicionamento plano-altimétrico com receptor gps em diferentes tipos de uso do solo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101877.

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Orientador: Zacarias Xavier de Barros
Banca: José Milton Arana
Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior
Banca: Lincoln Gering Cardoso
Banca: Vilmar Antonio Rodrigues
Resumo: Neste trabalho, foram realizados levantamentos topográficos para a avaliação do efeito da cobertura vegetal, na recepção de sinais GPS, para obtenção de posicionamento tri-dimensional, considerando os estudos realizados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo. Vértices foram implantados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo; em área com pastagem, com plantação de seringueiras e com eucaliptos, e as suas posições determinadas com estação total, nivelamento geométrico e com receptores GPS. Na avaliação do posicionamento altimétrico adotou-se como valores de referência os desníveis determinados com o nivelamento geométrico para avaliação dos dados obtidos com receptores GPS. As coordenadas planimétricas obtidas com receptores GPS foram analisadas utilizando-se com valores de referência os dados obtidos com a estação total. No levantamento topográfico com estação total foram adotadas as prescrições estabelecidas nas Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) NBR 13.133, Execução de Levantamentos Topográficos, para poligonais do tipo IVP. Foi realizada a análise de exatidão e de precisão do posicionamento tridimensional, adotando como padrão a NBR 13133 da ABNT para a classe do levantamento executado. Para aplicações do GPS na altimetria há necessidade do conhecimento da ondulação geoidal (N), que neste trabalho, para a sua determinação foram coletados dados com receptor na referência de nível (RN). Os resultados obtidos indicam que cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos levantamentos com receptores GPS em áreas com cobetura vegetal, pois estas interferem na propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas provenientes dos satélites podendo inviabilizar o posicionamento.
In this work, topographic surveys were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of vegetal cover, on the reception of GPS signals, for 3D positioning, considering studies to be made in different types of land use. Points were set up on different types of land use, in areas containing grass, rubber trees and eucalyptus, which had their positions defined using a total station, geometric leveling and GPS receivers In the evaluation of height positioning it was adopted as reference values the height differences determined by geometric levelling in order to evaluate data obtained through GPS receivers. Planimetric coordinates obtained by using GPS receivers were analysed using as reference values the data obtained using a total station. During the topographic survey using a total station the recommendations set up by the Brazilian Association for Technical Rules (ABNT) NBR 13.133, regarding the execution of topographic surveys, for transverses of type IVP. Accuracy and precision analysis was made on the 3D positioning, also considering ABNT NBR 13.133, for the class of topographic survey which was carried out. In order to apply GPS on height positiong it is necessary to know the geoidal ondulation (N) and, in this work, N was computed based upon data acquired employing receivers at the level reference (RN). The results obtained indicate that special care must be taken during the surveys carried out with the use of GPS receivers on areas with vegetal cover, because it causes interference in the propagation of electromagnetic waves from the satellite which can even make the positioning become unviable.
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Itame, Otávio Yassuo [UNESP]. "Avaliação do posicionamento plano-altimétrico com receptor gps em diferentes tipos de uso do solo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101877.

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Neste trabalho, foram realizados levantamentos topográficos para a avaliação do efeito da cobertura vegetal, na recepção de sinais GPS, para obtenção de posicionamento tri-dimensional, considerando os estudos realizados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo. Vértices foram implantados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo; em área com pastagem, com plantação de seringueiras e com eucaliptos, e as suas posições determinadas com estação total, nivelamento geométrico e com receptores GPS. Na avaliação do posicionamento altimétrico adotou-se como valores de referência os desníveis determinados com o nivelamento geométrico para avaliação dos dados obtidos com receptores GPS. As coordenadas planimétricas obtidas com receptores GPS foram analisadas utilizando-se com valores de referência os dados obtidos com a estação total. No levantamento topográfico com estação total foram adotadas as prescrições estabelecidas nas Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) NBR 13.133, Execução de Levantamentos Topográficos, para poligonais do tipo IVP. Foi realizada a análise de exatidão e de precisão do posicionamento tridimensional, adotando como padrão a NBR 13133 da ABNT para a classe do levantamento executado. Para aplicações do GPS na altimetria há necessidade do conhecimento da ondulação geoidal (N), que neste trabalho, para a sua determinação foram coletados dados com receptor na referência de nível (RN). Os resultados obtidos indicam que cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos levantamentos com receptores GPS em áreas com cobetura vegetal, pois estas interferem na propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas provenientes dos satélites podendo inviabilizar o posicionamento.
In this work, topographic surveys were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of vegetal cover, on the reception of GPS signals, for 3D positioning, considering studies to be made in different types of land use. Points were set up on different types of land use, in areas containing grass, rubber trees and eucalyptus, which had their positions defined using a total station, geometric leveling and GPS receivers In the evaluation of height positioning it was adopted as reference values the height differences determined by geometric levelling in order to evaluate data obtained through GPS receivers. Planimetric coordinates obtained by using GPS receivers were analysed using as reference values the data obtained using a total station. During the topographic survey using a total station the recommendations set up by the Brazilian Association for Technical Rules (ABNT) NBR 13.133, regarding the execution of topographic surveys, for transverses of type IVP. Accuracy and precision analysis was made on the 3D positioning, also considering ABNT NBR 13.133, for the class of topographic survey which was carried out. In order to apply GPS on height positiong it is necessary to know the geoidal ondulation (N) and, in this work, N was computed based upon data acquired employing receivers at the level reference (RN). The results obtained indicate that special care must be taken during the surveys carried out with the use of GPS receivers on areas with vegetal cover, because it causes interference in the propagation of electromagnetic waves from the satellite which can even make the positioning become unviable.
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Teshome, Bezuayehu, Stefan Facsko, and Adrian Keller. "Topography-controlled alignment of DNA origami nanotubes on nanopatterned surfaces." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36286.

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The controlled positioning of DNA nanostructures on technologically relevant surfaces represents a major goal along the route toward the full-scale integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices. Previous attempts to arrange DNA nanostructures into defined arrays mostly relied on top-down lithographic patterning techniques combined with chemical surface functionalization. Here we combine two bottom-up techniques for nanostructure fabrication, i.e., self-organized nanopattern formation and DNA origami self-assembly, in order to demonstrate the electrostatic self-alignment of DNA nanotubes on topographically patterned silicon surfaces. Self-organized nanoscale ripple patterns with periodicities ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm are fabricated by low-energy ion irradiation and serve as substrates for DNA origami adsorption. Electrostatic interactions with the charged surface oxide during adsorption direct the DNA origami nanotubes to the ripple valleys and align them parallel to the ripples. By optimizing the pattern dimensions and the Debye length of the adsorption buffer, we obtain an alignment yield of ~70%. Since this novel and versatile approach does not rely on any chemical functionalization of the surface or the DNA nanotubes, it can be applied to virtually any substrate material and any top-down or bottom-up nanopatterning technique. This technique thus may enable the wafer-scale fabrication of ordered arrays of functional DNA-based nanowires.
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Rodrigues, Ramon Juliano 1982. "Precisão de planta planialtimétrica gerada por modelagem numérica de superfície a partir de coordenadas UTM plano retangulares coletadas em receptor GPS topográfico /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90585.

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Orientador: Lincoln Gehring Cardoso
Banca: Sérgio Pascoal de Campos
Banca: Rutênio José Latanze
Resumo: O planejamento de atividades em áreas, notadamente em áreas extensas como o caso canaviais, rurais é inegavelmente melhor dimensionado quando se tem em mãos acuradas plantas planialtimetricas. Em que use a existência de cartas oficiais, como são exemplos as cartas do IBGE e as cartas do plano Cartográfico do Estado de São Paulo, não raras vezes o planejador necessitsa de maior acuracidade no que diz respeito à equidistância vertical entre curvas. O tradicional levantamento topográfico convencional embora apresente excelente resultado, tem como inconveniência o tempo dispendido e custos. Dentro desse contexto, foi desenvolvido o presente projeto que teve como objetivo constatar a acurácia de carta de relevo obtida pelo sistema de posicionamento global, tendo como testemunha cordões de contorno precisamente locados através de método geométrico. Paralelamente o presente projeto teve também por objetivo comparar diferenças de área segundo superfície em plano e inclinado calculado segundo métodos eletrônico e manual e a possível influência do relevo na estimativa de produção de cana-deaçúcar. 2 Os resultados obtidos mostram, que os dados coletados por um receptor GPS topográfico Pró XR Trimble permitiram a geração de planta planialtimétrica com equidistância vertical de 1,0 metro cuja precisão foi compatível com o relevo real de campo, pelo que se pode sugerir a utilização do método como sustentação ao planejamento de projetos agrícolas. Foi também possível constatar que as metodologias adotadas para cálculo de área considerando plano inclinado (X Y Z) nos métodos manual e eletrônico, proporcionaram os mesmos resultados sendo que ambos apresentaram diferença de 0,27% com relação à respectiva projeção horizontal o que não explica a diferença entre a produção estimada e real geralmente ao redor de 5,0 %, segundo a Associação dos Plantadores de Cana do Médio Tietê.
Abstract: The planning of activities in agricultural areas, especially in extensive areas as the canaviais, undeniably it is better calculated when there are improved altimetric plain plants. Where it uses the existence of official letters, as the letters of IBGE and the letters of the Cartographic plan of the State of São Paulo are examples, not rare times the planner needs bigger exactness in relation to the equality of vertical distance between curves. The traditional conventional topographical survey, even so presents excellent result, has as inconvenience the spent time and costs. Inside of this context, the present project was developed that had as objective to evidence the exactness of the relief letter gotten for the global positioning system, having as witness laces of contour necessarily leased through the geometric method. Parallel, the present project had also for objective to compare differences of area as surface in plan and inclined, calculated as eletronic and manual methods and the possible influence of the relief in the estimate cane-of-sugar production. The gotten results show that the data collected for a topographical receiver GPS Pró XR Trimble had allowed the generation of altimetric plain plant with 4 equality of vertical distance of 1,0 meter whose precision was compatible with the real relief of field, for what if can suggest the use of the method as sustentation to the planning of agricultural projects. It was also possible to evidence that the methodologies adopted for calculation for area considering plain inclined (X, Y, Z) in the manual and electronic methods, had provided the same results, being that both had presented difference of 0,27% with regard to the respective horizontal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rodrigues, Ramon Juliano [UNESP]. "Precisão de planta planialtimétrica gerada por modelagem numérica de superfície a partir de coordenadas UTM plano retangulares coletadas em receptor GPS topográfico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90585.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O planejamento de atividades em áreas, notadamente em áreas extensas como o caso canaviais, rurais é inegavelmente melhor dimensionado quando se tem em mãos acuradas plantas planialtimetricas. Em que use a existência de cartas oficiais, como são exemplos as cartas do IBGE e as cartas do plano Cartográfico do Estado de São Paulo, não raras vezes o planejador necessitsa de maior acuracidade no que diz respeito à equidistância vertical entre curvas. O tradicional levantamento topográfico convencional embora apresente excelente resultado, tem como inconveniência o tempo dispendido e custos. Dentro desse contexto, foi desenvolvido o presente projeto que teve como objetivo constatar a acurácia de carta de relevo obtida pelo sistema de posicionamento global, tendo como testemunha cordões de contorno precisamente locados através de método geométrico. Paralelamente o presente projeto teve também por objetivo comparar diferenças de área segundo superfície em plano e inclinado calculado segundo métodos eletrônico e manual e a possível influência do relevo na estimativa de produção de cana-deaçúcar. 2 Os resultados obtidos mostram, que os dados coletados por um receptor GPS topográfico Pró XR Trimble permitiram a geração de planta planialtimétrica com equidistância vertical de 1,0 metro cuja precisão foi compatível com o relevo real de campo, pelo que se pode sugerir a utilização do método como sustentação ao planejamento de projetos agrícolas. Foi também possível constatar que as metodologias adotadas para cálculo de área considerando plano inclinado (X Y Z) nos métodos manual e eletrônico, proporcionaram os mesmos resultados sendo que ambos apresentaram diferença de 0,27% com relação à respectiva projeção horizontal o que não explica a diferença entre a produção estimada e real geralmente ao redor de 5,0 %, segundo a Associação dos Plantadores de Cana do Médio Tietê.
The planning of activities in agricultural areas, especially in extensive areas as the canaviais, undeniably it is better calculated when there are improved altimetric plain plants. Where it uses the existence of official letters, as the letters of IBGE and the letters of the Cartographic plan of the State of São Paulo are examples, not rare times the planner needs bigger exactness in relation to the equality of vertical distance between curves. The traditional conventional topographical survey, even so presents excellent result, has as inconvenience the spent time and costs. Inside of this context, the present project was developed that had as objective to evidence the exactness of the relief letter gotten for the global positioning system, having as witness laces of contour necessarily leased through the geometric method. Parallel, the present project had also for objective to compare differences of area as surface in plan and inclined, calculated as eletronic and manual methods and the possible influence of the relief in the estimate cane-of-sugar production. The gotten results show that the data collected for a topographical receiver GPS Pró XR Trimble had allowed the generation of altimetric plain plant with 4 equality of vertical distance of 1,0 meter whose precision was compatible with the real relief of field, for what if can suggest the use of the method as sustentation to the planning of agricultural projects. It was also possible to evidence that the methodologies adopted for calculation for area considering plain inclined (X, Y, Z) in the manual and electronic methods, had provided the same results, being that both had presented difference of 0,27% with regard to the respective horizontal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wu, Yu, and 吳宇. "Quality Assessment for GNSS Relative Positioning under Topographic Obstruction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18629414122868735753.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
99
As the spatial information technology advances, one could easily have access to high quality digital terrain data (e.g., digital surface model, digital elevation model, etc.). This advance also makes possible an accurate analysis for the topographic effects in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning task. In this study, an integrated approach for analyzing the impact of topographic obstruction on GNSS relative positioning has been established and verified by numerical validations. Results from case studies reveals that, by incorporating terrain data in an analysis, the rate of successfully predicted number of satellites has been improved by 40%. It illustrates that the topographic effect should be an essential consideration in a satellite surveying. Additionally, the proposed methodology was also applied successfully to three related tasks, including baseline accuracy assessment, base station location optimization, and GPS network desification. Consequently, the reliability for a satellite surveying and its related applications can now be significantly improved by incorporating the proposed approach.
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Chun-Hung, Liu, and 劉俊宏. "The Study on Multi-path Effect the RTK Positioning Accuracy Caused by Canopy and Topography." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18720848973961259203.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
森林系
93
Due to the rapid development of the Real-time Differential Positioning System, the accuracy has minimized to smaller unit such as centimeter. However, in a forest environment, GPS satellite signals are interfered by the multi-path effect which is formed by crown canopies and terrains. This would unfortunately lead to unpredictable errors. The objective of this research is to use the true evidence of the influential degree of Real-time Differential Positioning system that tested under multi-path effect in a forest environment to discuss the difference of the error effects. This research begins with the direct relation of multi-path effect with three factors, crown canopies, terrains and distance. Crown canopies effect starts from the vertical crown canopies edge, set 4 rover stations with interval of 8 meters from the vertical line of crown edge. It is found that the Real-time Differential System measurement error has reduced obviously after 8 meters. The structure of the satellite Dilution of Precision distribution was influenced by the covered crown canopies and the relative movement of the rover stations and has shown irregular distribution. Rising the observation angle would help to reduce the influence on the multi-path effect which is formed by the terrain, but the number and initial rate of observation satellite would lowered, and rising Dilution of Precision value has limitation on the control method. Under different terrain coverage such as 30%, 40% and 50%, showed that position error and the coverage has no direct relation. Getting more close to the base point of the slope, the bigger position error occur. The longer the base line between base station and rover station, the larger the Real-time Differential position error. However, when the length of the base line exceed 1.82 meter, the difference is not that apparent. The factor that influence the individual rover station position precision is the satellite Dilution of Precision.
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Books on the topic "Topographic positioning"

1

Takāmul nuẓum taḥdīd al-mawāqiʻ, wa-nuẓum al-maʻlūmāt al-jughrāfīyah, wa-nuẓum al-istishʻār min buʻd, wa-nuẓum al-masāḥah al-jawwīyah al-raqamīyah li-taḥdīth al-kharāʼiṭ al-ṭubūghrāfīyah al-Saʻūdīyah dhāta al-miqyās 1:50,000: Wādī Ḥanīfah namūdhaj lil-dirāsah. al-Kuwayt: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Khalīj wa-al-Jazīrah al-ʻArabīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 2001.

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Bontrager, Kenneth L. Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Bontrager, Kenneth L. Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby, 1993.

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T, Anthony Barry, and Bontrager Kenneth L, eds. Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby, 1987.

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P, Lampignano John, ed. Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 2010.

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Bontrager, Kenneth L. Textbook of radiographic positioning and Related anatomy. 2nd ed. Miossouri: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1987.

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Bontrager, Kenneth L. Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Textbook of radiographic positioning and related anatomy. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1993.

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United States. National Ocean Service, ed. National height modernization study: Report to Congress : executive summary. [Silver Spring, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, 1998.

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Kleijer, Frank. Troposphere modeling and filtering for precise GPS leveling. Delft: Nederlandse Comissie voor Geodesie, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Topographic positioning"

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Rizos, Chris, and Richard Coleman. "Vertical Datum Definition for Oceanographic Studies Using the Global Positioning System." In Sea Surface Topography and the Geoid, 129–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7098-7_15.

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Romano, Francesca Vera, Vincenzo Nunzio Scalcione, Paola D’Antonio, Chiara D'Antonio, and Emilia Lacetra. "Precision agriculture and conservation of coastal landscapes." In Proceedings e report, 580–85. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.58.

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The application of Precision Agriculture strategies represents an opportunity for farmers to obtain economic benefits. In the area of Metapontino, as demonstrated by the experimentation conducted, the challenge of producing food and at the same time protecting nature and safeguarding biodiversity, it is possible to face it through the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS), a technology capable of integrating the information on soil type, climate, cultivar, crop and farm management, topography and economy.
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Osmanovic, Smajo. "Imaging." In Glaucoma. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199757084.003.0010.

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•Stereoscopic optic nerve photography has been considered the gold standard for documenting the optic nerve head (ONH)/retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) status. •Digital imaging technologies were developed recently to provide reproducible and more objective quantitative assessment of the ONH and RNFL. •Each technology measures different aspects of ONH and RNFL morphology; information obtained from different imaging devices is complementary and can be used to detect different abnormal features in the same patient. •Possible roles of ONH/RNFL imaging in clinical practice: •Documentation of ONH status• Glaucoma diagnosis •Detecting progression •Risk assessment •Screening for glaucoma •CSLO is based on a method of confocal imaging. •A diode laser (670 nm) (Fig 5.1A) scans the surface of posterior pole horizontally and vertically (x- and y-axes) with high speed. Reflected light is detected by a sensor after being filtered by a confocal pinhole which is conjugate to the focal plane of the retina. •By shifting the confocal pinhole, a series of planar scans are acquired at increasing depths and after alignment are combined to create 3-D topographic map of the retina and ONH surface. •Commercially available CSLO devices with major features are listed in Table 5.1. •Image acquisition with Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT) is fast; single tomographic slices are captured in only 24 ms (faster than involuntary saccades or fixation movements). •Pupillary dilation is not needed. •Good images require adequate patient positioning, good fixation, clear media, appropriate focus, and centering the optic nerve in the image. •16 to 64 planar scans are acquired per set. Unusable scans are replaced by software until three useful sets are obtained. •The operator defines the optic disc margin by drawing a contour line along scleral ring. • A reference plane is determined by the HRT software 50 μm below the average height of the contour line in the inferior temporal quadrant. All structures above the reference plane and within the contour line are defined as a neuroretinal rim and are shown as blue (sloped) and green (flat) areas on the topography image (Fig 5.2c).
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"Topographical Surveying Using Abney Levels and Global Positioning Systems." In Field Guide to Environmental Engineering for Development Workers, 75–90. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784409855.ch05.

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Das, Sajal K., Hemanshu R. Pota, and Ian R. Petersen. "Advanced Vibration Control of Atomic Force Microscope Scanner." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Intelligent Control Engineering and Automation, 84–106. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7248-2.ch003.

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Atomic Force Microscopes (AFMs) are used in many nanopositioning applications in order to measure the topography of various specimens at an atomic level through surface imaging. The imaging of the samples in AFMs is carried out by using a three degree-of-freedom positioning unit called Piezoelectric Tube Scanner (PTS). The performance of the AFM mostly depends on the performance of the PTS. However, the PTS of the AFM suffers from the problem of vibration. This chapter presents a design of a damping controller to compensate the induced vibration of the scanner. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The experimental results show that the proposed controller is able to compensate 90% of the vibration of the PTS.
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Conference papers on the topic "Topographic positioning"

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Ajemba, Peter O., Nelson G. Durdle, Doug L. Hill, and V. J. Raso. "Posture and re-positioning considerations of a complete torso topographic analysis system for assessing scoliosis." In Electronic Imaging 2006, edited by Brian D. Corner, Peng Li, and Matthew Tocheri. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.643183.

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Tran, Thanh Son, M. G. Mustafin, A. A. Kuzin, and A. A. Kuzin. "Use of Satellite Positioning Technology Using Reference Stations to Create Large-Scale Topographic Plans for Quarries." In Proceedings of the International Symposium "Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research" dedicated to the 85th anniversary of H.I. Ibragimov (ISEES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isees-19.2019.14.

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da Silveira Pereira, Rodrigo, Paula Lucia Ferrucio da Rocha, and João Wagner Alencar Castro. "Topographic beach profiling with differential global positioning system (DGPS) - Peró beach, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.172.sbgf0213_07.

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da Silveira Pereira, Rodrigo, Paula Lucia Ferrucio da Rocha, and João Wagner Alencar Castro. "Topographic beach profiling with differential global positioning system (DGPS) - Peró beach, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-23 November 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2007-245.

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Yokoo, K., T. Nishidoi, H. Urabe, T. Ikenouchi, T. Ninomiya, M. Yoshida, and J. Sugiyama. "RSS-based localization considering topographical feature for pasturing." In 2013 10th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2013.6533277.

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Basu, Debashis, Robert Sewell, Kaushik Das, Ron Janetzke, Biswajit Dasgupta, John Stamatakos, and Deborah Waiting. "Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Run-Up and Inundation for the 2011 Tōhuku-Oki Tsunami: A Parametric Analysis for Tsunami Run-Up and Wave Height." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23138.

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This paper presents computational results for predicting earthquake-generated tsunami from a developed integrated computational framework. The computational framework encompasses the entire spectrum of modeling the earthquake-generated tsunami source, open-sea wave propagation, and wave run-up including inundation and on-shore effects. The present work develops a simplified source model based on pertinent local geologic and tectonic processes, observed seismic data (i.e., data obtained by inversion of seismic waves from seismographic measurements), and geodetic data (i.e., directly measured seafloor and land deformations). These source models estimated configurations of seafloor deformation used as initial waveforms in tsunami simulations. Together with sufficiently accurate and resolved bathymetric and topographic data, they provided the inputs needed to numerically simulate tsunami wave propagation, inundation and coastal impact. The present work systematically analyzes the effect of the tsunami source model on predicted tsunami behavior and the associated variability for the 2011 Tōhuku-Oki tsunami. Simulations were carried out for the 2011 Tōhuku -Oki Tsunami that took place on March 11, 2011, from an MW 9.1 earthquake. The numerical simulations were performed using the fully nonlinear Boussinesq hydrodynamics code, FUNWAVE-TVD (distributed by the University of Delaware). In addition, a sensitivity analysis was also carried out to study the effect of earthquake magnitude on the predicted wave height. The effect of coastal structure on the wave amplification at the shore is also studied. Simulated tsunami results for wave heights are compared to the available observational data from GPS (Global Positioning System) at the central Miyagi location.
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Pratap, Ashwani, and Karali Patra. "Analysis of Polycrystalline Diamond Micro-Grinding Tool Topography Using Image Processing." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2862.

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Abstract Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micro-grinding tools are shaped using different electro-discharge machining processes among which wire electro-discharge grinding (WEDG) process is widely accepted due to its capability of producing highly precise, ultra-thin and dimensionally accurate tools. Topographical analysis of the tool surface is inevitable as abrasive cutting edge density and grit protrusion heights affect the cutting process and are equally demanding parameters in modeling of the process. Analysis of micro-grinding tool topography and determining the tool surface statistics have always been a vital challenge due to random positioning and orientation of the abrasives on the tool surface. Current study deals with dressing of polycrystalline diamond micro-tool using wire-electro-discharge grinding and thereafter analysis of tool surface topography using novel image processing technique. In contrast to most of the previous experimental studies based on wheel replication and touch probe data to analyze the conventional grinding tool surface, we develop a sequential methodology using various available image processing algorithm tools and its application on the actual 3D surface data of the miniature sized PCD tool to capture the abrasive density and protrusion heights distribution. It is observed that image processing employing leveling, threshold, watershed algorithm and edge detection provided accurate outlook into the tool surface. Static cutting edge density is found to be 165–170 grits (per mm) and its variation with respect to depth into tool surface is also observed.
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Yan, Yan, and Qingze Zou. "An Integrated Approach to High-Speed Probe-Based Nanofabrication: SPM Imaging." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70297.

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In this article, we propose an integrated approach to achieve high-speed nano-positioning for high-speed atomic force microscope (AFM) operations in applications such as probe-based nanofabrication. The development of AFM technology enabled the “bottom up” approach to design and create nanostructures and nanodevices. The throughput of the probe-based nanofabrication, however, is limited by the challenges in positioning the probe at high-speed. In AFM operations, nano-positioning of the probe in 3-D (both lateral x – y and vertical z axes) is needed. High-speed, large-size AFM operation is challenging because in high-speed lateral scanning of the AFM operation at large positioning range, large positioning error of the AFM probe relative to the sample can be generated due to the adverse effects—the nonlinear hysteresis and the linear vibrational dynamics of the piezotube actuator. In addition, vertical precision positioning of the AFM probe is even more challenging (than the lateral scanning) because the desired trajectory (i.e., the sample topography profile) is unknown in general, and the probe positioning is also effected by and sensitive to the probe-sample interaction. The main contribution of this article is the development of an integrated approach that combines advanced control algorithm with an advanced hardware platform. The proposed approach is demonstrated by implementing to AFM imaging of a large-size (50 μm) calibration sample at high-speed (50 Hz scan rate).
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Torres, Omar, and Stephen J. Katzberg. "Analysis of reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals from land for soil moisture determination and topography mapping." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by William L. Barnes. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.451371.

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Loychik, Neil, Mathieu Barraja, Afzal Khan, R. Ryan Vallance, Eric R. Marsh, and Dave A. Arneson. "Mechanical Design of a Precision Instrument for Measuring the Roundness Profiles of Micro Shafts." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21101.

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This paper presents a new instrument for measuring roundness profiles of axially symmetric micro shafts with diameters below 250 micrometers. The instrument will measure form error in cutting tools used for micro machining, small-hole metrology probes, and other high aspect ratio micro structures. This instrument operates on the same physical principle as scanning tunneling microscopes, which measure surface topography using fluctuations in tunneling of electrons between probe and sample. The instrument will measure roundness profiles using a fixed-sensitive-direction arrangement of the detector, similar to macro scale metrology instruments. Challenges resulting from dimensional scaling necessitate an entirely new instrument compared to conventional instruments. We describe the need for this instrument, its working principle, architecture, the design of the traction drive mechanism, and the design of the nano positioning stages.
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Reports on the topic "Topographic positioning"

1

Bennett, K., J. Biggs, and P. R. Fresquez. Determination of locational error associated with global positioning system (GPS) radio collars in relation to vegetation and topography in north-central New Mexico. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/468550.

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