Academic literature on the topic 'Topographic map reading skills'

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> AR technology on the landscape is useful for people to identify the places with air tags. There are many people who cannot match landscapes and maps. For Map reading skill building, AR supports for people to match the landscape and maps. This paper tried to measure the effectiveness of AR technology to map reading skill building in high school geography education.</p><p>In Japan, Geography will be compulsory subject from high school from 2022. The compulsory Geography as school subject has three themes, 1 Maps and GIS, 2 International understandings and International Corporation, 3 Disaster prevention and ESD. Maps and GIS are fundamental skills for learning geography. Map reading is very important and there are several researches of the geography classes with paper maps, especially topographical maps (Ito, 2005). GIS education is also important for students to understand how to use the maps (Tani etal., 2002). In Japan, there are few high schools and teachers to use GIS on geography class. With curriculum reformation, every student will have to learn GIS, and teachers will have to teach GIS in the geography class, too. It is big problem.</p><p>Students learn topographical map reading technique on geography class as indoor activity. There are few activities to match the real landscape and topographical map. This skill is important for student to understand the map function and meaning of landscape. Fieldwork education is not popular among schools. Teachers have poor skills to do it. AR could build up the lessons to combine GIS, map and fieldwork education. It is not easy to match the topographical map and landscape. AR technology supports for students to do the tasks. The aim of this paper to check the effectiveness of AR support for map readings. We did three periods geography experimental classes in National Institution of Technology, Toyama College 1st grade. 1st period class content was physical geography especially on coastal geomorphology. 2nd period was understanding the lagoon with topographical map (Fig. 1). 3rd period was topographical map and landscape with AR.</p><p>In the 3rd period practice, they used tablet and smartphone to identify the landscape. They watched the landscape with air tags (Fig.2), and they tried to match the landscape and map (Fig.3). Students checked the worksheet and maps on the activities (Fig.4).</p><p>Students understood how to match the landscape and maps with AR air tags. It is adequate tasks for students to understand how to match between landscape and maps. They did these tasks in this class and they became to do it with no difficulties.</p><p>There were several technological problems. Digital compass is not accurate when the tablets were started. We should adjust the compass before the class. Next problem is air tags. If the tags are on same direction, the tags are overlapped. There problems are easy to get over. With this trial class, topographical maps and landscape education with GIS with AR is effective for students. Maps education with Geographical Information technology has important role for next generation. We should make textbook for teachers to do this method.</p>

Purpose: Fostering student’s map reading skills, specifically understanding contour lines, is a challenging area of the Physical Education curriculum. Method: 238 students in their first year of secondary education (Mage = 13.1) were randomly assigned to one of these experimental conditions in physical education classes: (a) Teaching intervention 1 (TI-1): integrating the concept of contour lines into practical sessions of acrobatic gymnastics; (b) TI-2: theoretical sessions regarding contour lines; (c) Active control (AC): reading an introductory text about topographic maps; and two passive controls (PC) without any intervention, (d) PC-1 and (e) PC-2. Results: All students, except for PC-2, improved their knowledge of contour lines. Nevertheless, performing corporal figures (in TI-1) and employing pointing and tracing gestures (in TI-2) helped students to correctly resolve a broader range of tasks. Conclusions: The results highlighted the benefits of teaching proposals that favor movement and the experience of the body.

Map reading is an important skill for acquiring spatial information. Previous studies have mainly used results-based assessments to learn about map-reading skills. However, how to model the relationship between map-reading skills and eye movement metrics is not well documented. In this paper, we propose a novel method to assess map-reading skills using eye movement metrics and Bayesian structural equation modelling. We recruited 258 participants to complete five map-reading tasks, which included map visualization, topology, navigation, and spatial association. The results indicated that map-reading skills could be reflected in three selected eye movement metrics, namely, the measure of first fixation, the measure of processing, and the measure of search. The model fitted well for all five tasks, and the scores generated by the model reflected the accuracy and efficiency of the participants’ performance. This study might provide a new approach to facilitate the quantitative assessment of map-reading skills based on eye tracking.

When users read a topographic map, they have to decode the represented information. This decoding passes through various processes in order to perceive, interpret, and understand the reported information. This set of processes is intrinsically a question that is influenced by culture. In particular, when one thinks of maps distributed across the internet or representations of audiences from different origins, the chance of efficient communication is reduced or at least influenced. Therefore, there should be some degree of common visual communication, which the symbology of maps can be applied in order to assure the adequate communication of phenomenon being represented on it. In this context, the present work aims at testing which evaluation factors influence the reading of maps, the understanding of space and reasoning of the map user, in particular national topographic maps. The assessment was through internet considering official map representation from Brazil and Poland and questionnaires. The results shown that conventional topographic maps on the same scale are not capable of producing the correct interpretation of the user from another culture. This means that formal training has a direct influence on the quality of the interpretation and spatial reasoning. Those results indicate that high levels of formal training positively influence the reading and interpretation results of the map and that there is no evidence that the specialists with the symbology of their own country have significantly positive results, when compared to those used maps with systematic mapping from another country.

This study aims to describe Arabic Reading Skills learning activities with the HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) system. The research method used is a qualitative method based on text analysis. This study indicates that HOTS-based Arabic Reading Skills learning activities categorized into three levels: Level of Analysis, Level of Evaluation, and Level of Creation. First, the Level of Analysis is oriented towards the ability of students to distinguish the form of the word Isim or fi'il from a text, distinguish and classify the position of fi'il, fa'il, or maf'ul, describe the content text using a concept map, and link main ideas or compare information about a topic from reading results. The second is the level of evaluation which is oriented towards students' ability to check or determine errors in writing letters, vocabulary, language rules, and punctuation in a text, and criticize, refute, conclude, provide reviews or reasons, and communicate reading results with different expressions. Third, the level of creation is oriented towards the ability of students to formulate a statement sentence into a question, or vice versa, reconstruct a reading text into a conversation, and produce reading results by developing thoughts or opinions into ideas or notions.