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Academic literature on the topic 'Topographic evolution of mountains'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Bao, G., Y. Dou, T. A. Ehlers, P. Li, Y. Wang, and Z. Xu. "Quantifying Tectonic and Geomorphic Interpretations of Thermochronometer Data with Inverse Problem Theory." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 1 (January 2011): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.090110.270410a.

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AbstractThermochronometer data offer a powerful tool for quantifying a wide range of geologic processes, such as the deformation and erosion of mountain ranges, topographic evolution, and hydrocarbon maturation. With increasing interest to quantify a wider range of complicated geologic processes, more sophisticated techniques are needed. This paper is concerned with an inverse problem method for interpreting the thermochronometer data quantitatively. Two novel models are proposed to simulate the crustal thermal fields and paleo mountain topography as a function of tectonic and surface processes. One is a heat transport model that describes the change of temperature of rocks; while the other is surface process model which explains the change of mountain topography. New computational algorithms are presented for solving the inverse problem of the coupled system of these two models. The model successfully provides a new tool for reconstructing the kinematic and the topographic history of mountains.
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Tranel, Lisa, and James Spotila. "Relief History and Coupling of Erosional Processes in the Teton Range, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 30 (January 1, 2006): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3683.

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Erosional processes influence topographic relief in mountain landscapes, but the spatial variation between differential processes and influence on tectonic uplift is poorly understood. Deep canyons and adjacent high peaks distinguish the Teton Mountains from nearby ranges, making it an ideal location to study how glacial, fluvial, and hillslope erosion interact to maintain high topographic relief. The purpose of this study is to quantify erosion rates of individual geomorphic processes in this complex system using a variety of techniques to see how each process contributes to landscape evolution in this mountain range.
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Wu, Li, Binggeng Xie, Xiao Xiao, Bing Xue, and Jingzhong Li. "Classification Method and Determination of Mountainous Area Types at Township Scales: A Case Study of Yuxi City, Yunnan Province." Complexity 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3484568.

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The high-resolution regional division of mountainous area types has important scientific significance for promoting precise management of land space and regional sustainable development. At present, the classification method of mountainous area types is mainly at the county level and above, while classifications for towns and villages are nearly nonexistent, which poses a technical challenge for rural revitalization and the construction of ecological civilization in mountainous areas. We used Yuxi city, Yunnan Province, as the target area of this research, which was based on GIS technology and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and socioeconomic environmental monitoring data. The most appropriate statistical unit (e.g., 2.8224 km2) for topographic relief was defined, and the study area was divided into six mountain types: flatlands, hills, low mountains, medium-low mountains, midmountains, and subhigh mountains. Based on the township scale, an index system and classification method dominated by the plain comprehensive index were established to carry out mountain area classifications at township scales. The 75 towns of Yuxi city can be classified into 27 plain towns, 23 mountain-plain towns, and 25 mountain towns from an empirical application perspective, which can provide strong data support and a reference basis for studying the evolution characteristics of land use in different geographical spaces and their interrelationships as well as differentiated land space planning and governance.
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Williams, Timothy C., Janet M. Williams, Peter G. Williams, and Paul Stokstad. "Bird Migration Through a Mountain Pass Studied With High Resolution Radar, Ceilometers, and Census." Auk 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.389.

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Abstract Autumnal migration was studied with high-resolution radar, ceilometer, and daily census in the area of Franconia Notch, a major pass in the northern Appalachian Mountains. Under synoptic conditions favorable for migration, broadfront movements of migrants toward the south passed over the mountains, often above a temperature inversion. Birds at lower elevations appeared to be influenced by local topography. Birds moving southwest were concentrated along the face of the mountain range. Birds appeared to deviate their flights to follow local topography through the pass. Specific migratory behavior was not associated with species or species groups. Under synoptic conditions unfavorable for southward migration, multimodal movements probably associated with local flights were as dense as the southward migrations described above. Avian migrants reacting to local terrain may result in concentrations of migrants over ridge summits or other topographic features.
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Bi, Rui, Shu Gan, Xiping Yuan, Raobo Li, Sha Gao, Min Yang, Weidong Luo, and Lin Hu. "Multi-View Analysis of High-Resolution Geomorphic Features in Complex Mountains Based on UAV–LiDAR and SfM–MVS: A Case Study of the Northern Pit Rim Structure of the Mountains of Lufeng, China." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020738.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can be used to analyze the geomorphic features in complex plateau mountains. Accordingly, a UAV–LiDAR system was adopted in this study to acquire images and lidar point-cloud dataset in the annular structure of Lufeng, Yunnan. A three-dimensional (3D) model was constructed based on structure from motion and multi-view stereo (SfM–MVS) in combination with a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Geomorphic identification, measurement, and analysis were conducted using integrated visual interpretation, DEM visualization, and geographic information system (GIS) topographic feature extraction. The results indicated that the 3D geomorphological visualization and mapping were based on DEM, which was employed to identify the dividing lines and ridges that were delineated of the pit rim structure. The high-resolution DEM retained more geomorphic detail information, and the topography and the variation between ridges were analyzed in depth. The catchment and ponding areas were analyzed using accurate morphological parameters through a multi-angle 3D visualization. The slope, aspect, and topographic wetness index (TWI) parameters were analyzed through mathematical statistics to qualitatively and accurately analyze the differences between different ridges. This study highlighted the significance of the UAV–LiDAR high-resolution topographic measurements and the SfM–MVS 3D scene modelling in accurately identifying geomorphological features and conducting refined analysis. An effective framework was established to acquire high-precision topographic datasets and to analyze geomorphological features in complex mountain areas, which was beneficial in deepening the research on numerical simulation analysis of geomorphological features and reveal the process evolution mechanism.
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Gong, Ming-Hao, and Yan-Ling Song. "Topographic habitat features preferred by the Endangered giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca: implications for reserve design and management." Oryx 45, no. 2 (April 2011): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001043.

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AbstractThe effect of landscape on populations is of great importance, especially given the number of species inhabiting patchy landscapes. Developments in geographical information systems are facilitating a greater application of spatial analyses to threatened species, such as the Endangered giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca, for which habitat patchiness and quality are key limiting factors. Of all factors that influence the suitability of habitat for the giant panda, topography is not subject to change. Here, we report a spatial and statistical analysis of the high quality topographic habitat preferred by the giant panda across its stronghold in the Qinling Mountains, China. High quality topographic habitat, as indicated by a combination of elevation, slope and aspect, covers 92,788 ha, accounting for 15% of the current range of the species. The distribution of the giant panda closely follows patterns of topography and areas with patches of high quality topographic habitat are strongly associated with areas supporting greater numbers of giant pandas. However, comparisons between our model and the existing reserve system reveals a number of inadequacies. Some of the reserves contain little high quality topographic habitat and many patches of high quality topographic habitat are unprotected. Given the importance of topography and the decisive role it plays in shaping habitat, landscapes containing high quality topographic features must be a critical consideration in the design of reserves for the giant panda. The existing system of nature reserves is heavily weighted towards judicial and administrative boundaries, to the detriment of other factors such as topography.
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Poole, Kim G., Kari Stuart-Smith, and Irene E. Teske. "Wintering strategies by mountain goats in interior mountains." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 3 (March 2009): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-009.

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As with many ungulates inhabiting areas with potentially deep snow, winter is an important season for mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus (de Blainville, 1816)) and is characterized by restricted movements and high juvenile mortality. We examined winter habitat selection and wintering strategies by mountain goats in two adjacent areas of southeastern British Columbia characterized by deep, moist snow and by shallow, dry snow. Fifteen GPS collars were placed on mountain goats in each area over two winters. Winter-range size did not differ between areas and comprised, on average, 2.2%–7.4% of male home range and 8.0%–14.1% of female home range. Topographic variables dominated habitat model selection. At the broad scale, mountain goats in both areas selected winter ranges closer to escape terrain on warmer aspects that contained lesser amounts of mature dense forest. At the fine scale, mountain goats in both areas selected rugged habitat at upper mid-elevations and on warmer aspects. Alpine areas were avoided in the deep snow area and selected in the shallow snow area. No selection for mature forests was observed in either area. Mountain goats, therefore, appeared to utilize open, high-elevation habitats in shallow snow zones, but they did not seek reduced snow levels in mature forest stands in deep snow areas.
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Farah, Tahar, Nasr-Eddine Taibi, and Mohamed Chouieb. "Evolution of Land Cover in the Traras MTS. Region Between 1984 and 2020 by Remote Sensing and Gis (Northwest Algeria)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0038.

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Abstract In Algeria, the mountainous zones represent 11% of agricultural land of the country and are home to 25% of the population. The economic development and the associated urbanization have led to environmental degradation in the Traras Mountains, which are part of the Atlas Mountains. With the aim to evaluate the degradation consequences of this region, we focused on the evolution of land use and land cover over 36 years (1984–2020). Accordingly, we used Landsat and Google Earth Pro images, topographic and ecological inventory maps, as well terrain truth; our analysis tools were mainly based on ArcGIS, Global Mapper, and ENVI software. The diachronic analysis showed that the Traras Mountains lost 8,100 ha of agricultural and forestland between 1984 and 2020. Relating to this, we point out the destruction of 9,200 ha of forested area by the fire. The urbanization also contributed to the loss of agricultural and forested areas (6,300 ha), of which 27% are located in the coastal zone. The built-up situation led to an increase of soil impermeability which causes flooding during heavy rainfall.
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Bíl, Michal. "Using GIS to detect neotectonics in the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains and in their surroundings." Geografie 108, no. 2 (2003): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2003108020101.

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This paper discusses the advantages of GIS and numerical analysis in neotectonic studies. An accurate DEM is important for numerous geomorphic and hydrologic applications, particularly over large areas. The method is illustrated on the DEM of the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains, a 367 square km large area in the east of the Czech Republic. Comparing geological maps with large-scale morphometry shows a relationship between the rock resistance and topography. On average, higher mean elevations and steep slopes correlate well with regions of hard bedrock geology. The results together with new geological and geophysical findings show that the evolution of this part of the Outer Western Carpathian topography was proceeding continually. There is no reason to assume the presence of any periods of tectonic standstill here. The topographic relief probably has experienced the state of dynamic equilibrium.
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Ollier, C. D., and C. F. Pain. "Neotectonic mountain uplift and geomorphology." Geomorphology RAS, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-4281201943-26.

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Mountains are topographic features caused by erosion after vertical uplift or mountain building. Mountain building is often confused with orogeny, which today means the formation of structures in fold belts. The common assumption that folding and mountain building go together is generally untrue. Many mountains occur in unfolded rocks, granites and volcanic rocks, so there is no direct association of folding and mountain building. In those places where mountains are underlain by folded rocks the folding pre-dates planation and uplift. The age of mountains is therefore not the age of the last folding (if any) but the age of vertical uplift. Since mountains are not restricted to folded rocks, lateral compression is not required to explain the uplift. A compilation of times of uplift of mountains around the world shows that a major phase of tectonic uplift started about 6 Ma, and much uplift occurred in the last 2 Ma. This period is known as the Neotectonic Period. It is a global phenomenon including mountains on passive continental margins, and those in deep continental interiors. Several hypotheses of mountain building have problems with this timing. Some fail by being only able to make mountains out of folded rock at continental margins. Many translate the vertical uplift into lateral compression, but vertical uplift alone can create mountains. The Neotectonic Period has important implications for geomorphology, climate and global tectonics. In geomorphology it does not fit into conventional theories of geomorphology such as Davisian or King cycles of erosion. Neotectonic uplift might initiate several cycles of erosion, but most planation surfaces are much older than the Neotectonic Period. The increasing relief associated with Neotectonic uplift affected rates of erosion and sedimentation, and also late Cenozoic climate. The Neotectonic Period does not fit within plate tectonics theory, in which mountains are explained as a result of compression at active margins: mountains in other locations are said to have been caused by the same process but further back in time. This is disproved by the young age of uplift of mountains in intercontinental and passive margin positions. Subduction is supposed to have been continuous for hundreds of millions of years, so fails to explain the world-wide uplifts in just a few million years. Geomorphologists should be guided by their own findings, and refrain from theory-driven hypotheses of plate collision or landscape evolution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Ramsey, Lucy Ann. "Topographic evolution of emerging mountain belts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614292.

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Prince, Philip S. "Evolution of transient topography on passive margins: A study of landscape disequilibrium in the southern Appalachian Mountains." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77065.

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The mechanism through which the Appalachian Mountains have maintained moderate relief some ~300 Myr after the cessation of mountain building has long puzzled geomorphologists. As recent studies have shown that Appalachian exhumation has occurred at slow rates consistent with isostatic rebound of thickened crust, the driving forces behind localized episodes of accelerated incision and the associated rugged topography have been difficult to explain given the absence of tectonic uplift. This study uses previously undocumented relict fluvial gravels and knickpoint location to confirm the role of drainage rearrangement in producing local base level drop and subsequent basin-scale transient incision in the southern Appalachians. This process is fundamentally driven by the high potential energy of streams flowing across the elevated, slowly eroding Blue Ridge Plateau relative to the present Atlantic and landward interior base levels. Gravel deposits confirm that repeated capture of landward-draining Plateau streams by Atlantic basin streams, whose immediate base level is 250-300 m lower, forces episodic rapid incision and overall erosional retreat of the Blue Ridge Escarpment along the Plateau margin. The distribution of knickpoints, bedrock gorges, and relict surfaces in the interior of the Plateau indicate that the New River, which drains to the continental interior, is actively incising the low-relief Plateau surface due to episodic drops in landward base level. The origin of landward base level perturbation is unclear, but it may be the result of glacially-driven shortening and steepening of the lower New River during the Pleistocene. Collectively, these data indicate that rapid base level drop through drainage reorganization can energize streams in otherwise stable landscapes and accelerate fluvial incision and relief production without uplift of the land surface. This process is likely quite significant in post-orogenic settings, where inherited drainage patterns may not reflect the most direct, and thus energetically appropriate, path to present base level. Passive margins may therefore never achieve a topographic steady-state, despite uniformly slow and constant uplift due to isostatic rebound.
Ph. D.
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Brocklehurst, Simon H. (Simon Howard) 1975. "Evolution of topography in glaciated mountain ranges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29929.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis examines the response of alpine landscapes to the onset of glaciation. The basic approach is to compare fluvial and glacial landscapes, since it is the change from the former to the latter that accompanies climatic cooling. This allows a detailed evaluation of hypotheses relating climate change to tectonic processes in glaciated mountain belts. Fieldwork was carried out in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, and the Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado, alongside digital elevation model analyses in the western US, the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and the Himalaya of northwestern Pakistan. The evidence presented here suggests that the so-called "chicken-and-egg" hypothesis is overstated in its appeal to glacial erosion as a major source of relief production and subsequent peak uplift. Glaciers in the eastern Sierra Nevada and the western Sangre de Cristos have redistributed relief, but have produced only modest relief by enlarging drainage basins at the expense of low-relieftopography. Glaciers have lowered valley floors and ridgelines by similar amounts, limiting the amount of "missing mass" that can be generated, and causing a decrease in drainage basin relief.
(cont.) The principal response of glaciated landscapes to rapid rock uplift is the development of towering cirque headwalls. This represents considerable relief production, but is not caused by glacial erosion alone. Large valley glaciers can maintain their low gradient regardless of uplift rate, which supports the "glacial buzzsaw" hypothesis. However, the inability of glaciers to erode steep hillslopes as rapidly can cause mean elevations to rise. Cosmogenic isotope dating is used to show that (i) where plucking is active, the last major glaciation removed sufficient material to reset the cosmogenic clock; and (ii) former glacial valley floors now stranded near the crest of the Sierra Nevada are at varying stages of abandonment, suggesting a cycle of drainage reorganisation and relief inversion due to glacial erosion similar to that observed in river networks. Glaciated landscapes are quite distinct from their fluvial counterparts in both landforms and processes. Given the scarcity of purely fluvial, active mountain ranges, it is essential that glacial erosion be considered amongst the processes sculpting active orogenic belts.
by Simon H. Brocklehurst.
Ph.D.
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Barnes, Jason B. "Variable Denudation in the Evolution of the Bolivian Andes: Controls and Uplift-Climate-Erosion Feedbacks." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/240131.

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Controls on denudation in the eastern Bolivian Andes are evaluated by synthesis of new and existing denudation estimates from basin-morphometry, stream - powered fluvial incision, landslide mapping, sediment flux, erosion surfaces, thermochronology, foreland basin sediment volumes, and structural restorations. Centered at 17.5 °S, the northeastern Bolivian Andes exhibit high relief, a wet climate, and a narrow fold- thrust belt. In contrast, the southeastern Bolivian Andes have low relief, a semi-arid climate, and a wide fold-thrust belt. Basin -morphometry indicates a northward increase in relief and relative denudation. Stream-power along river profiles shows greater average incision rates in the north by a factor of 2 to 4. In the south, profile knickpoints with high incision rates are controlled by fold-thrust belt structures such as the surface expressions of basement megathrusts, faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. Landslide and sediment-flux data are controlled by climate, elevation, basin morphology, and size and show a similar trend; short -term denudation-rate averages are greater in the north (1- 9 mm/yr) than the south (0.3-0.4 mm/yr). Long-term denudation-rate estimates including fission track, basin fill, erosion surfaces, and structural restorations also exhibit greater values in the north (0.2-0.8 mm/yr) compared to the south (0.04-0.3 mm/yr). Controls on long-term denudation rates include relief, orographic and global atmospheric circulation patterns of precipitation, climate change, glaciation, and fold-thrust belt geometry and kinematics. The denudation synthesis supports two conclusions: 1) denudation rates have increased towards the present 2) an along-strike disparity in denudation (greater in the north) has existed since at least the Miocene and has increased towards the present. Denudation rates and controls suggest that Bolivian mountain morphology is controlled by both its orientation at mid-latitude, and the feedbacks between uplift, kinematics, orographic effects on precipitation, glaciation, and the increased erosion that accompanies orogenesis.
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Richardson, Paul William Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Topographic asymmetry and climate controls on landscape evolution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101346.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-157).
Landscapes are expected to evolve differently under the influence of different climate conditions. However, the relationship between landscape evolution and climate is not well understood. I investigate the relationship between landscape evolution and climate by using natural experiments in which climate varies with slope aspect (geographic orientation) and causes differences in landscape form, such as steeper equator- or pole-facing slopes. In order to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the development of this topographic asymmetry, I adapted a numerical landscape evolution model to include different asymmetry-forming mechanisms such as aspect-induced variations in soil creep intensity, regolith strength, and runoff, and also lateral channel migration. Numerical experiments reveal topographic signatures associated with each of these mechanisms that can be compared with field sites that exhibit asymmetry. I used these numerical model results, along with estimates of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil strength, evidence of stream capture and channel beheadings, and erosion rates determined from cosmogenic radionuclides to determine which asymmetry forming mechanisms are likely responsible for the topographic asymmetry at Gabilan Mesa, a landscape in the central California Coast Ranges. I find that aspect-dependent differences in runoff are most likely responsible for the bulk of the asymmetry at Gabilan Mesa, but lateral channel migration has contributed to the asymmetry in some locations. To further investigate climate's influence on landscape evolution, I compiled new and previously published estimates of slope-dependent soil transport efficiency across a range of climates. I find that soil transport efficiency increases with mean annual precipitation and the aridity index, a measure that describes water availability for plants. I also find that soil transport efficiency varies with lithology and that different measurement techniques can bias estimates of the soil transport coefficient.
by Paul William Richardson.
Ph. D.
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Zimmer, Janek, Armin Raabe, and Gerd Tetzlaff. "Quantification of topographic effects on predicted precipitation in the Erzgebirge." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-222025.

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Orographically enhanced precipitation played a major role in the flooding event in August 2002 in the Eastern Erzgebirge mountains. Both global and mesoscale models underestimated local intensities even with the correct position of the associated large-scale front. The limited area model LM of the DWD has been used in a sensitivity study of orographic precipitation involving an idealized bell-shaped orography. The dependence of precipitation on different determining parameters is investigated, with special emphasis on layer stability and wind structure. With the operational horizontal grid spacing of about 7 km, the LM simulations reproduce common distributions of vertical velocity and precipitation for uniformly stratified flows of varying stability. Highest rates are computed for stratiform cases with decreasing stability at higher levels and for convective environments. Both situations differ from the wave-like appearance of the uniformly stratified flows. Several vertical profiles of horizontal wind velocity structure are found to significantly influence magnitude and vertical decay of upward motion. Simplified profiles of the Eastern Erzgebirge mountain range and atmospheric conditions comparable to that of the flooding event are introduced to estimate the orographically-induced precipitation in a homogeneous flow. These numerical simulations are compared with values computed by the diagnostic maximum precipitation model MAXRR. Due to the relatively coarse grid in LM, small-scale differences through enhanced orographic lift cannot be resolved. Nevertheless, the amounts observed in this flooding case are reproduced with the high-resolution diagnostic model
Orografisch verstärkter Niederschlag im Bereich des Osterzgebirges spielte eine große Rolle bei der Entstehung des Elbehochwassers im August 2002. Sowohl globale als auch mesoskalige Vorhersagemodelle unterschätzten die lokalen Niederschlagsintensitäten trotz richtiger Positionierung des synoptisch-skaligen Frontenzuges. Zur Untersuchung der Gründe wurde das Lokalmodell des DWD für eine Sensitivitätsstudie bezüglich orografisch beeinflussten Niederschlags im Bereich eines idealisierten Glockenberges verwendet. Die Abhängigkeit des Niederschlags von verschiedenen Kontrollparametern wurde untersucht, mit besonderer Beachtung von Schichtungsstabilität und Horizontalwindstruktur. Bei Verwendung der operationellen Gitterweite von 7 km reproduzieren die Simulationen mit dem LM die bekannten Verteilungen von Vertikalwind und Niederschlag für unterschiedliche Schichtungen mit höhenkonstanten Temperaturgradienten. Die höchsten Niederschlagsraten ergeben sich jedoch für stratiforme Aufgleitprozesse im Fall von abnehmender Stabilität in mittleren und hohen Bereichen der Troposphäre sowie für konvektive Umgebungen, in beiden Fällen mit signifikanter Änderung des Vertikalwindfeldes verglichen mit der zuvor erwähnten Strömung. Der Einfluss des Vertikalprofils des horizontalen Windes auf Stärke und vertikale Abschwächung der Aufwärtsbewegung muss beachtet werden. Schließlich wurden die Sensitivitätsstudien ausgedehnt auf ein vereinfachtes Höhenprofil des Osterzgebirges. Als Ausgangssituation wurden dabei die atmosphärischen Bedingungen verwendet, die mit denen des Hochwasserereignisses vergleichbar sind. Diese numerischen Simulationen wurden mit Werten des einfachen diagnostischen Maximalniederschlagsmodells MAXRR verglichen. Entsprechend der relativ groben Gitterweite des LM können kleinräumige Unterschiede durch verstärkte orografische Hebung nicht wider gegeben werden, wogegen die beobachteten Niederschlagsmengen des Hochwasserereignisses mithilfe des hoch aufgelösten diagnostischen Modells erreicht werden
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Steele, Jason Keith. "Influence of elevation on tree species distribution and growth in the southern Appalachian Mountains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31875.

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The southern Appalachian Mountains have long been an area of interest for the analysis of forest species growth and composition. Past forest vegetation studies focus on species composition and structure for relatively local scale research areas. Species distribution within this geographic area was compiled from studies published from 1956 to 2006. The distribution of hardwood species within the southern Appalachians decreased as the elevation of the sites increased, but this relationship could not be solely attributed to elevation gradient. In order to better understand the relationship between elevation on the radial growth of tree species within the region, an elevation microsite was selected to explore the relationship between elevation and the radial growth of upland oak. Eight study sites across an elevation gradient were selected, and 20 oak tree cores were collected, cross-dated, measured, and a master chronology was created for each site. The correlation between ring width index and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), precipitation and temperature was calculated with each siteâ s master chronology. There was a significant positive correlation between PDSI and ring width index during the growing season for a majority of the year, and a significant positive correlation between precipitation and ring width index during the growing season. Even though the master chronologies originated from eight separate sites, there were common dendroclimatic responses across seven of the sites. Canonical correspondence analysis of site characteristics and ring width index indicate that the master chronologies can be grouped into three separate chronologies based upon similar environmental and site characteristic responses.
Master of Science
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Mitchell, Sara Gran. "Late-Cenozoic topographic evolution of the Cascade Range, Washington State, USA /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6713.

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Zimmer, Janek, Armin Raabe, and Gerd Tetzlaff. "Quantification of topographic effects on predicted precipitation in the Erzgebirge." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 37 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig … und Jahresbericht … des Instituts für Meteorologie der Universität Leipzig ; 11 (2006), S. 125-136, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15499.

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Orographically enhanced precipitation played a major role in the flooding event in August 2002 in the Eastern Erzgebirge mountains. Both global and mesoscale models underestimated local intensities even with the correct position of the associated large-scale front. The limited area model LM of the DWD has been used in a sensitivity study of orographic precipitation involving an idealized bell-shaped orography. The dependence of precipitation on different determining parameters is investigated, with special emphasis on layer stability and wind structure. With the operational horizontal grid spacing of about 7 km, the LM simulations reproduce common distributions of vertical velocity and precipitation for uniformly stratified flows of varying stability. Highest rates are computed for stratiform cases with decreasing stability at higher levels and for convective environments. Both situations differ from the wave-like appearance of the uniformly stratified flows. Several vertical profiles of horizontal wind velocity structure are found to significantly influence magnitude and vertical decay of upward motion. Simplified profiles of the Eastern Erzgebirge mountain range and atmospheric conditions comparable to that of the flooding event are introduced to estimate the orographically-induced precipitation in a homogeneous flow. These numerical simulations are compared with values computed by the diagnostic maximum precipitation model MAXRR. Due to the relatively coarse grid in LM, small-scale differences through enhanced orographic lift cannot be resolved. Nevertheless, the amounts observed in this flooding case are reproduced with the high-resolution diagnostic model.
Orografisch verstärkter Niederschlag im Bereich des Osterzgebirges spielte eine große Rolle bei der Entstehung des Elbehochwassers im August 2002. Sowohl globale als auch mesoskalige Vorhersagemodelle unterschätzten die lokalen Niederschlagsintensitäten trotz richtiger Positionierung des synoptisch-skaligen Frontenzuges. Zur Untersuchung der Gründe wurde das Lokalmodell des DWD für eine Sensitivitätsstudie bezüglich orografisch beeinflussten Niederschlags im Bereich eines idealisierten Glockenberges verwendet. Die Abhängigkeit des Niederschlags von verschiedenen Kontrollparametern wurde untersucht, mit besonderer Beachtung von Schichtungsstabilität und Horizontalwindstruktur. Bei Verwendung der operationellen Gitterweite von 7 km reproduzieren die Simulationen mit dem LM die bekannten Verteilungen von Vertikalwind und Niederschlag für unterschiedliche Schichtungen mit höhenkonstanten Temperaturgradienten. Die höchsten Niederschlagsraten ergeben sich jedoch für stratiforme Aufgleitprozesse im Fall von abnehmender Stabilität in mittleren und hohen Bereichen der Troposphäre sowie für konvektive Umgebungen, in beiden Fällen mit signifikanter Änderung des Vertikalwindfeldes verglichen mit der zuvor erwähnten Strömung. Der Einfluss des Vertikalprofils des horizontalen Windes auf Stärke und vertikale Abschwächung der Aufwärtsbewegung muss beachtet werden. Schließlich wurden die Sensitivitätsstudien ausgedehnt auf ein vereinfachtes Höhenprofil des Osterzgebirges. Als Ausgangssituation wurden dabei die atmosphärischen Bedingungen verwendet, die mit denen des Hochwasserereignisses vergleichbar sind. Diese numerischen Simulationen wurden mit Werten des einfachen diagnostischen Maximalniederschlagsmodells MAXRR verglichen. Entsprechend der relativ groben Gitterweite des LM können kleinräumige Unterschiede durch verstärkte orografische Hebung nicht wider gegeben werden, wogegen die beobachteten Niederschlagsmengen des Hochwasserereignisses mithilfe des hoch aufgelösten diagnostischen Modells erreicht werden.
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Yuan, Chao, and 袁超. "Magmatism and tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29815162.

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Books on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Hurni, Lorenz. Verschiedene Felsdarstellungsarten für Gebirgskarten 1:25,000. Zürich: Institut für Kartographie der Eidg. Technischen Hochschule Zürich, 1989.

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Veress, Márton. Covered karst evolution in the Northern Bakony Mountains, W-Hungary. Budapest: Bakonyi Természettudományi Múzeum, 2000.

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Linol, Bastien, and Maarten J. de Wit, eds. Origin and Evolution of the Cape Mountains and Karoo Basin. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40859-0.

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Wistuba, Małgorzata. Slope-Channel Coupling as a Factor in the Evolution of Mountains. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05819-1.

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John, David A. Evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the Alta stock, central Wasatch Mountains, Utah. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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John, David A. Evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the Alta stock, central Wasatch Mountains, Utah. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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ICM 2002 Satellite Conference on nonlinear evolution equations and dynamical systems (2002 Huang Mountains, China). Proceedings of the ICM 2002 Satellite Conference: Nonlinear evolution equations and dynamical systems, Yellow Mountains, China, 15-18 August, 2002. Edited by Cheng Yi and International Congress of Mathematicians. Singapore: World Scientific Pub., 2003.

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Sutton, Brian. Glacial landforms and sedimentology: The late pleistocene evolution of the Mourne Mountains : Northern Ireland. [S.l: The Author], 1998.

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Schuller, Volker. Evolution and geodynamic significance of the Upper Cretaceous Gosau basin in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). Tübingen: IFG, 2004.

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Thompson, Robert I. Stratigraphy, tectonic evolution and structural analysis of the Halfway River map area (94 B), Northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. [Ottawa]: Energy Mines and Resources Canada, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Andrews, E. D., Christopher E. Johnston, John C. Schmidt, and Mark Gonzales. "Topographic evolution of sand bars." In The Controlled Flood in Grand Canyon, 117–30. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm110p0117.

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Jain, A. K. "Geological Evolution of the Himalayan Mountains." In Geodynamics of the Indian Plate, 363–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4_10.

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McLelland, J. M., and Y. W. Isachsen. "Geological Evolution of the Adirondack Mountains: A Review." In The Deep Proterozoic Crust in the North Atlantic Provinces, 175–215. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5450-2_12.

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Lidiak, E. G. "Evolution of Proterozoic Granitoids, Eastern Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma." In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics, 265. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5098-9_32.

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Al-Harthy, M. S., R. G. Coleman, M. W. Hughes-Clarke, and S. S. Hanna. "Tertiary Basaltic Intrusions in the Central Oman Mountains." In Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere, 675–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_33.

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Nasritdinov, Emil. "Mountains in the Evolution of Visual Arts in Kyrgyzstan." In Educating in the Arts, 121–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6387-9_8.

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Rößler, Ole, and Jörg Löffler. "Analyzing Spatio-Temporal Hydrological Processes and Related Gradients to Improve Hydrological Modeling in High Mountains." In Landform - Structure, Evolution, Process Control, 243–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75761-0_15.

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Calvez, J. Y., and J. L. Lescuyer. "Lead Isotope Geochemistry of Various Sulphide Deposits from the Oman Mountains." In Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere, 385–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_19.

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Patel, Priyank Pravin, Shantamoy Guha, Debsmita Das, and Madhurima Bose. "Spatial Variability of Topographic Attributes and Channel Morphological Characteristics in the Ladakh Trans-Himalayas and Their Tectonic and Structural Controls." In Himalayan Neotectonics and Channel Evolution, 67–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95435-2_3.

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Irwin, William P. "Terranes of the Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon." In Tectonic Evolution of Northern California: Sausalito to Yosemite National Park, California, June 28–July 7, 1989, 19–32. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft108p0019.

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Conference papers on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Hausback, Brian, Samuel Grandy, Rebecca J. Dorsey, Michael Darin, and Scott Bennett. "VOLCANIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE SIERRA SAN FRANCISCO, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO." In Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-373847.

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Valjarević, Aleksandar, and Bojana Jandziković. "DIGITAL AND CARTOGRAPHIC MODELLING OF VRSAC MOUNTAINS TOPOGRAPHIC EXPOSITIONS." In International Scientific Conference Geobalcanica 2015. Geobalcanica Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2015.02.

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Liu, Lijun, Quan Zhou, and Diandian Peng. "CENOZOIC TOPOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF WESTERN-CENTRAL US." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-366161.

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Terhune, Patrick, Jeff A. Benowitz, Paul W. Layer, Jeffrey M. Trop, and Paul B. O'Sullivan. "THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE TALKEETNA MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN ALASKA: CENOZOIC TOPOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT HISTORY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303757.

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Li, Lin, Majie Fan, and Lu Zhu. "MIDDLE–LATE PALEOGENE TOPOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION IN SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334188.

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Humphreys, Eugene. "WALLOWA BATHOLITH ROOT FOUNDERING, REGIONAL CRUSTAL FLOW AND TOPOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-380003.

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Acosta, Lynn A., and Reed J. Burgette. "Scarp Morphology Along the Alamogordo Fault, Sacramento Mountains From a High-Resolution Aerial Topographic Survey." In 2018 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2018.758.

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Achard, V., and X. Lenot. "Atmospheric and topographic corrections for hyperspectral imagery." In 2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2009.5289098.

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Clark, S. "Regional Tectonics & Structural Framework of Offshore Aceh's Andaman Sub-Basin, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-g-30.

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The three-way collision of the Indo-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific plates have resulted in Southeast Asia being the most tectonically complex region on Earth. This is particularly true for Offshore Aceh’s Andaman Sub-Basin, which has undergone complex late Eocene-Recent evolution. Despite a long history of hydrocarbon exploration and production, data scarcity in the offshore means that the Sub-Basin’s regional tectonics and structural framework have been poorly understood. Pre-1996 2D seismic data were low-fold and low-offset, however the 2019 PGS (NSMC3D) regional 3D survey imaged the entire Cenozoic sequence, enabling the delineation of a high-resolution tectonic framework for the first time. Integration of interpretations drawn from geophysical datasets with a 2019 biostratigraphy study has refined the ages of critical sequence boundaries and advanced the understanding of major structural elements. GEM™, the Geognostics Earth Model, has been used to place these interpretations in a regional tectonic and kinematic context using a series of high resolution plate animations. Andaman Sub-Basin formation initiated in response to the northward motion of India and collision with Eurasia, suturing the West Burma and Sibumasu Terranes through the middle-late Eocene. Continued northward motion of the Indo-Australian Plate resulted in further subduction along the Sunda Trench with associated oblique back-arc extension in present-day onshore and offshore Java and Sumatra. Concurrent rotation of Sundaland, with sinistral strike-slip motion along the Ranong and Khlong Mauri fault zones, resulted in the two rifting phases within the late Eocene (~40Ma) to early Oligocene in the Andaman Sub-Basin. Significant inversion events at 30Ma and 23Ma formed in response to dextral transpression associated with rotational extrusion of Indochina and Sundaland. Rapid subsidence followed the 30Ma inversion, resulting in a switch to post-rift sag and bathyal conditions during which turbidites infilled seabed topography. The onset of dextral strike slip between the West Burma Terrane along the Saigang fault system occurred at ~26Ma, causing transtension in the Andaman Sub-basin that terminated at 23Ma. At approximately 5Ma inversion and toe thrusts developed along the Sub-Basin’s southern margin due to uplift within the Barisan mountains. Refinement of the tectonic model, integrated with updated biostratigraphic and geochemical models, resulted in a revised tectono-stratigraphy for the Andaman Sub-Basin, which provides a predictive depositional model in which paleogeography and structural reactivation can be understood in a regional context.
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Freed, Brian, Donald Maute, Gregory Fischer, and Matthew J. Severs. "FLUID EVOLUTION AT THE EXCELSIOR COPPER SKARN, ORGAN MOUNTAINS, NM." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291083.

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Reports on the topic "Topographic evolution of mountains"

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Monger, J. W. H. Evolution of Canada's western mountains. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/225581.

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Monger, J. W. H., and J. M. Journeay. Guide to the geology and tectonic evolution of the southern Coast Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194829.

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Ferguson, C. A., and P. S. Simony. Preliminary Report On Structural Evolution and Stratigraphic Correlations, northern Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132503.

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Nuss, Wendell A., and Douglas K. Miller. Evolution of Low-level Flow Patterns in Littoral Regions When Extratropical Marine Cyclones Encounter Coastal Mountains. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610253.

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Nuss, Wendell A., and Douglas K. Miller. Evolution of Low-level Flow Patterns in Littoral Regions when Extratropical Marine Cyclones Encounter Coastal Mountains. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630672.

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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
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Rogers, J. A. Structural evolution of the central Shublik Mountains and Ignek Valley, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1393.

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Thompson, R. I. Stratigraphy, tectonic evolution and structural analysis of the Halfway River map area (94B), northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127002.

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Meigs, A. J. Structural evolution of the eastern Sadlerochit Mountains, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: A preliminary report on the summer 1986 field season. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1281.

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Simandl, G. J., R. J. D'Souza, S. Paradis, and J. Spence. Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328001.

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Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
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