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1
Center, Langley Research, ed. Chemical vapor deposition fluid flow simulation modelling tool. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.
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2
La producción de instrumental lítico en Tiwanaku : el impacto del surgimiento y expansión del estado en las unidades domésticas locales =: Stone tool production in the Tiwanaku heartland : the impact of state emergence and expansion on local households. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011.
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Andrews, D. F. Tools for the symbolic computation of asymptotic expansions. Toronto: Dept. of Statistics, University of Toronto, 1991.
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4
Megabrain: New tools and techniques for brain growth and mind expansion. New York: Beech Tree Books, 1986.
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Megabrain: New tools and techniques for brain growth and mind expansion. New York: Ballantine, 1987.
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Functions, spaces, and expansions: Mathematical tools in physics and engineering. Boston, Mass: Birkhäuser, 2010.
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Belyaevskaya-Plotnik, Lyubov', Ol'ga Kozhevina, Antonina Ryahovskaya, Lidiya Zelencova, and Inna Sannikova. Ensuring the economic security of territories and tools for the sustainable development of "green" entrepreneurship. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1902182.
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The monograph comprehensively examines the issues of ensuring economic security through the expansion of environmentally oriented entrepreneurship in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The world experience of integrating the concept of sustainable development and sustainable development goals into entrepreneurial activity is considered. The most significant factors for the integration of sustainable development goals into the business model of "green" entrepreneurship are identified. New analytical tools are proposed that are advisable to use in assessing the threats and risks of "green" entrepreneurship, which have been tested on the example of a number of Russian regions.
It is recommended to specialists in the field of state and regional management of sustainable development and "green" entrepreneurship, strategic management and economic security, as well as researchers, graduate students, undergraduates.
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Buisseret, David. Tools of empire: Ships and maps in the process of westward expansion : an exhibit at the Newberry Library, opening on 3 June 1986. Chicago: The Library, 1986.
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9
Fighting men of the Indian Wars: A biographical encyclopedia of the mountain men, soldiers, cowboys, and pioneers who took up arms during America's westward expansion. Stillwater, Okla: Barbed Wire Press, 1991.
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Semenova, Elena. Actual problems of designing the educational process. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013701.
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The textbook is an author's development formed on the basis of actual achievements of several areas of scientific knowledge related to various aspects of intellectual activity and implemented in the practice of professional pedagogical activity of different educational groups and forms of education (both higher and additional professional education). Structure of the study involves theoretical facts, the availability of practical tasks, allowing to assess the level of dynamics of development of the future specialist and workshop, contributing to the expansion of personal pedagogical tools. Compiled in accordance with the requirements of the society for socially oriented professions of the future, presented on the portal of new professions atlas100.ru. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to students, undergraduates, postgraduates studying in pedagogical directions, teachers of educational organizations.
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Weede, Erich. The Expansion of Economic Freedom and the Capitalist Peace. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.276.
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On the one hand, the idea of a capitalist peace is a set of loosely integrated, but testable propositions. On the other hand it is part of a wider, libertarian philosophy of life. The spirit of this wider conception is best expressed by a quote from a pioneer of quantitative international politics, in 1981 Rummel wrote, “If you want peace, then minimize the power of government.” Although there has been a proliferation of variables assessing capitalism and economic interdependence—from economic freedom via contract intensity to the avoidance of state ownership or protectionism—the most frequently analyzed proposition about the capitalist peace says that trade makes military conflict and war less likely. By and large, the evidence supports this proposition in dyadic designs as well as in monadic designs. This cross-design validity of the proposition is important, because it distinguishes the peace by trade proposition from the democratic peace proposition. Most researchers agree that war is extremely unlikely in dyads where both nations are democracies. But only a minority contends that democracies are less frequently involved in military conflict than other states. The dyadic and the monadic findings are compatible because military conflict looks even more likely between an autocracy and a democracy than between two autocracies. Whereas the democratic peace is limited in application, the pacifying impact of trade or economic interdependence is more general. Moreover, the democratic peace may be embedded in a wider economic or capitalist peace. There is strong evidence that democracy rests on a foundation of capitalism or economic freedom and the prosperity that has been gained only by capitalism or some degree of economic freedom. Moreover, economic freedom and prosperity contribute to the avoidance of civil war. Better still: Economic freedom does not only promote economic growth and prosperity among those nations where people enjoy economic freedom, but the economic freedom of rich countries provides poor countries with the advantages of backwardness and catch-up opportunities.Capitalist peace theory evolves. It has been suggested that the pacifying impact of trade rests on the expectation that trade, or access to resources and markets, will continue. This suggestion requires a new look at economic sanctions, too. By interfering with trade, sanctions must undermine the expectation of future benefits of trade and globally interconnected markets. Given the rareness of evidence in favor of the effectiveness of economic sanctions in eliminating undesirable policies of other nations, a capitalist peace perspective implies the recommendation to use sanctions much less frequently than politicians do. They are likely to eliminate a pacifying factor when it is most urgently needed.The wider or visionary perspective on the capitalist peace is useful not only in connecting it with the issue of sanctions, but also in demonstrating the inherent limitations of capitalism as a tool to achieve peace. From a static perspective, capitalism, economic freedom, or trade may exert some pacifying impact, as argued above. But capitalism is a dynamic economic order. It is about “creative destruction”. Capitalism is not egalitarian. Nations grow at different speeds. They rise and decline. Capitalism and unequal economic growth upset pecking orders and contribute to power transitions that are related to risks of war, especially great power war. Whether the contribution of capitalism to power transitions—or its pacifying impact prevails—cannot be judged with much confidence.
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Orantin, Nicolas. Unitary integrals and related matrix models. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.17.
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This article examines the basic properties of unitary matrix integrals using three matrix models: the ordinary unitary model, the Brézin-Gross-Witten (BGW) model and the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber (HCIZ) model. The tricky sides of the story are given special attention, such as the de Wit-’t Hooft anomaly in unitary integrals and the problem of correlators with Itzykson-Zuber measure. The method of character expansions is also emphasized as a technical tool. The article first provides an overview of the theory of the BGW model, taking into account the de Wit-’t Hooft anomaly and the M-theory of matrix models, before discussing the theory of the HCIZ integral. In particular, it describes the basics of character calculus, character expansion of the HCIZ integral, character expansion for the BGW model and Leutwyler-Smilga integral, and pair correlator in HCIZ theory.
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Easy Simulations: Pioneers: A Complete Tool Kit With Background Information, Primary Sources, and More to Help Students Build Reading and Writing Skillsand Deepen Their Understanding of History. Scholastic Teaching Resources, 2008.
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Edgcomb, Elaine, Julie Redfern, and Candace Nelson. Moving Forward: Tools for Sustainability and Expansion. Produced and published for the SEEP Network by Pact Publications, 1996.
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15
Association, Information Resources Management. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, 2018.
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Forrestal, Alison. Patrons and Houses (1635–1643). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785767.003.0008.
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As membership of the Lazarists swelled from the mid-1630s, de Paul introduced a new era for the group, characterized by major expansions in activity and infrastructure. This chapter investigates the first of two stages in provincial expansion in France, tracking de Paul’s efforts to found and fund houses for missions and retreats in the French provinces. It investigates the steps that he took to ensure the establishment of eight houses in north-eastern, eastern, and western France to mid-1643, the first located in Toul and the last in Sedan, both close to the north-eastern French border. Key to this development of the Lazarist infrastructure and activity was the acquisition of new patrons, including the Richelieu family and the French crown.
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Association, Information Reso Management. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, VOL 2. IGI Global, 2017.
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Association, Information Reso Management. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, VOL 3. IGI Global, 2017.
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Association, Information Reso Management. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, VOL 1. IGI Global, 2017.
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Lo, Gane Samb, Moumouni Diallo, and Modou Ngom. A Handbook of Second Order Expansions of Quantile Functions and Asymptotic Record Values Laws. SPAS-EDS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/srms/2021.003.
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In this monograph, our final objective is to provide second order expansions of quantile functions of as many probability laws as possible. Second order expansions of quantile functions are important tools for finding extreme value domain of attraction of probability laws and for discovering rates of convergence in extreme value theory. We hope that readers will make profit of the results in their works by using the right expansions of quantile functions from the monograph. In that spirit, we apply the quantiles expansions exposed here to deliver the corresponding asymptotic laws of records values. <br><br> In this first edition, fifty four distributions are concerned. For each of those probability laws, full computations for finding the expansion and the asymptotic record value theory are entirely justified. We will regularly update the handbook by adding probability laws in later editions.
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Riley, Barry. The Political History of American Food Aid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228873.001.0001.
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This book discusses the 220-year history of the political and humanitarian uses of American food as a tool of both foreign and domestic policy. During these years, food aid has been used as a weapon against the expansion of bolshevism after World War I and communism after World War II, a cudgel to force policy changes by recalcitrant recipient governments, a method for balancing disputes between Israel and Egypt, a backdoor means of increasing military aid to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War, a signal of support to friendly governments, and a resource to help achieve economic development in food-insecure countries. At home, international food aid has, at times, been used to dump troublesome food surpluses abroad and has served politicians as a tool to secure the votes of farming constituents and the political support of agriculture-sector lobbyists, commodity traders, transporters, and shippers. Most important in the minds of many, it has been the most visible—and most popular—means of providing humanitarian aid to tens of millions of hungry men, women, and children confronted, on distant shores, by war, terrorism, and natural cataclysms and the resulting threat—if not the reality—of famine and death. The book investigates the little-known, not well-understood, and often highly contentious political processes that have converted fields of grains, crops of pulses, and herds of livestock into the tools of U.S. government policy.
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Hutchinson, Michael. Megabrain: New Tools and Techniques for Brain Growth and Mind Expansion. Ballantine Books, 1987.
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23
Goodall, Alex. Red Herrings. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038037.003.0006.
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This chapter talks about how expansion abroad had seemed to be both a rhetorical commitment and a strategic priority for the Bolshevik movement. The seizure of power in Russia was the first stage in a global revolution that would witness the end of warring nationalities and a global peace forged through an interconnected series of proletarian revolutions. To this end, in March 1919 the Bolsheviks established the Third, or Communist, International, as a tool for coordinating the activities of vanguard revolutionary parties throughout the world. This seemed to be a practical necessity as much as an ideological commitment, for Russia had only a tiny urban proletariat and a relatively small manufacturing base and was vulnerable to capitalist invasion.
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Davies, Chris, and Rebecca Eynon. Studies of the Internet in Learning and Education: Broadening the Disciplinary Landscape of Research. Edited by William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0016.
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This chapter investigates the role of the Internet in reshaping learning and education. It describes distinctions between formal education, where the Internet has made few inroads, and informal learning, where it seems to have excelled. Moreover, the chapter explores how the Internet has – via the World Wide Web – enabled an expansion in informal and incidental learning opportunities. Online courses are dealt through learning management systems, or virtual learning environments. The Internet's contribution to formal learning has been considerably less transformative than its contribution to informal learning. The Internet is not primarily an educational tool, but it self-evidently offers unique and unparalleled scope for the exploration of new forms of exploration and collaboration in the development and sharing of knowledge.
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Farriss, Nancy. Adoptions and Adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0010.
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The double bind between orthodoxy and intelligibility is examined further through the translating tool of semantic extension. Efforts to make the Christian message more accessible by expanding or extending the meaning of an “inherited” word confronted vast cultural differences in the realms of cosmology and morality that lay behind the linguistic gaps. Christian concepts such as heaven and hell were so far removed from the way that the Zapotec and other Mesoamericans conceived of the afterlife that no degree of semantic expansion could bridge the gap. Conversely, attempts to convey a Christian concept of God in such doctrines as the Trinity and the Eucharist by incorporating indigenous terms for the divinity and sacrifice risked contamination from pagan symbols and rituals.
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Rennie, Richard, and Jonathan Law, eds. A Dictionary of Physics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198821472.001.0001.
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Over 4,000 entries This new eighth edition has been fully updated to reflect progress in physics and related fields. It sees expansion to the areas of cosmology, astrophysics, condensed matter, quantum technology, and nanotechnology, with 125 new entries including, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, kilonova, leptoquark, and muscovium. The dictionary’s range of appendices, updated for the new edition, includes the periodic table, the electromagnetic spectrum, and a detailed chronology of key dates. Seventeen new diagrams add to the clarity and accessibility of the text, with almost 150 line drawings, tables, and graphs in total. This popular dictionary remains the most up to date of its kind: the essential introductory reference tool for students encountering physics terms and concepts, as well as for professionals and anyone with an interest in the subject.
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Buzan, Barry, and Richard Little. The Historical Expansion of International Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.424.
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For most English School writers, the international society is an element that is always present in international relations, but whose depth, character, and influence all fluctuate with historical contingency. The historical wing of the English School focuses on how the contemporary global international society came about as a result of the expansion to planetary scale of what was originally a novel type of international society that emerged in early modern Europe. This is partly a story of power and imposition, and partly one of the successful spread and internalization beyond the West of Western ideas such as sovereignty and nationalism. It is also a story about what happens when international society expands beyond the cultural heartland which gave birth to it. The classical story has been critiqued for being too Eurocentric and underplaying the fact that European international society did not emerge fully formed in Europe and then spread from there to the rest of the world. Rather, it developed as it did substantially because it was already spreading as it emerged, and was thus in its own way as much shaped by the encounter as was the non-European world. A related line of critique points out the conspicuous and Eurocentric failure of the classical story to feature the fact that colonialism was a core institution of European international society.
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Singh, Bhubhindar. Reconstructing Japan's Security. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446228.001.0001.
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Japan’s post-Cold War security policy displays significant changes compared to the Cold War period. One critical change has been the incorporation of the Japanese military, known as the Self-Defence Force (SDF), as a legitimate and important tool of Japanese post-Cold War security policy practice. It has developed new roles both outside and within the US-Japan alliance to contribute to regional/international security. The question is how the Japanese security policymaking elite has been able to bring about this critical change to the security policy practice in light of the domestic social and legal constraints that have traditionally prevented the expansion of Japan’s security role, in military terms, in regional and international affairs. This research introduces external military crises as an important factor for change in Japanese security policy. It argues that the Japanese security policymaking elite achieved security policy expansion by utilizing external military crises as policy windows, inflating and deflating threat elements to circumvent the constraints and justify the implementation of security policy initiatives. This utility of external military crises to widen the role of the Self-Defence Force (SDF) in shaping Japan’s security priorities, as well as its proactive contribution to regional/ international security are outlined in four key case studies - international peacekeeping in 1992, regional defence in 1997-99, global missions in 2003-05, and collective self-defence in 2014-15.
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Meranze, Michael. Histories of the Modern Prison. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.35.
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This essay examines the history of the prison since late the eighteenth century. Following a discussion of the origins of the reformative prison, the essay analyzes its global expansion as a tool for disciplining populations, expanding imperial control, and establishing national legitimacy. In particular, it emphasizes the dialectic between colonial and national projects and the multiple uses that the prison has come to play in states around the globe. From its origins as a local response to particular issues of crime and disruption, during the nineteenth century the prison became a sign of modernity itself. Its twentieth-century history, in the United States and across the globe, only tightened its relationship with systems of racial domination and the continuing legacy of colonial violence. The prison now marks the collapse of Enlightenment hopes for a more humane system of punishment.
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Muller, Hannah Weiss. The Promises and Perils of Subjecthood and Jurisdiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465810.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 moves to the Indian Ocean and centers on the vibrant trading community of Calcutta. The East India Company’s assumption of the diwani for Bengal in 1765 and its accelerating territorial expansion in the Indian subcontinent provoked concerns about subject status and jurisdiction over those residing in Company territories. These concerns were never fully resolved by the 1773 Regulating Act and were intimately connected to struggles over authority between the British government and the East India Company. This chapter identifies the range of individuals actually subject to the Supreme Court of Judicature, founded in 1774, at the same time as it focuses on the political and jurisdictional repercussions of subject status. It underlines why the judiciary became a central site for negotiations over subjecthood and how subject status became a malleable tool in the hands of judges.
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Rihoux, Benoît. Case‐Oriented Configura‐Tional Research: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (Qca), Fuzzy Sets, and Related Techniques. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0031.
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This article investigates the tradition of case-oriented configurational research, focusing specifically on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as a tool for causal inference. It first presents two analytic procedures commonly used by comparative researchers. A short description of the state-of-the-art of QCA applications is offered, in terms of discipline, types of cases, models, combinations with other methods, and software development. It then reviews different uses of QCA, as well as generic ‘best practices’. Some key recent evolutions are illustrated: on the one hand the development, beyond dichotomous ‘crisp set’ QCA (csQCA), of multi-value QCA (mvQCA), fuzzy sets, and fuzzy-set QCA (fsQCA), and on the other hand technical advances and refinements in the use of the techniques. Finally, the article gives some concluding reflections as to expected developments, upcoming innovations, remaining challenges, expansion of fields of application, and cross-fertilization with other approaches.
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Martindale, Andrew, and Irena Jurakic. Glass Tools in Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.4.
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Glass that appears in archaeological contexts outside of the communities of its production and shows use as toolstone for lithic-like industries can be described as remanufactured. Such artifacts are commonly associated with contact encounters, most frequently with European colonial expansion. This article reviews the literature on remanufactured glass and argues that (1) much experimental and analytical work remains to develop coherent identification criteria, especially for expedient forms, and (2) such objects challenge archaeological orthodoxies in the definition of culture and its material manifestations. We argue that objects with manufacturing histories that span cultural contexts are a highly visible illustration of the hybridity in all cultural gestures. Hybridization is not a transaction between disparate, homogenous cultural regimes, but emerges from individual quotidian acts. Culture as a result, is not an entity, but the acceptance of coherence.
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Levy, Janey. Mapping America's Westward Expansion: Applying Geographic Tools And Interpreting Maps (Critical Thinking in American History). Rosen Central, 2005.
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Krake, LR, N. Steele Scott, MA Rezaian, and RH Taylor. Graft-transmitted Diseases of Grapevines. CSIRO Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101067.
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For almost 40 years, Australian researchers have been part of an international group of scientists who have studied graft-transmitted disorders of the grapevine. The Australian wine and grape industries are undergoing significant expansion as is the case in some other countries. Preventing the spread of pathogens, by producing clean propagation material, and minimising the disease load on new vines, is essential for the continuing success of the industry.
This book covers the characteristics of each class of graft-transmitted pathogen, their effect on vines, how they spread and strategies for their control. Eleven of the most important diseases are illustrated and described comprehensively, including information about occurrence, symptoms, detection, transmission and effect on yield and quality. Finally there is a discussion of quarantine issues and disease management.
This book will be an invaluable teaching tool and is intended for vineyard managers, grape growers, consultants, extension offers and students. While it provides a basic understanding of the nature of pathogens, it will aid in field assessment and identification of the often confusing disease symptoms.
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Sell, Zach. Trouble of the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661346.001.0001.
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In this innovative new study, Zach Sell returns to the explosive era of capitalist crisis, upheaval, and warfare between emancipation in the British Empire and Black emancipation in the United States. In this age of global capital, U.S. slavery exploded to a vastness hitherto unseen, propelled forward by the outrush of slavery-produced commodities to Britain, continental Europe, and beyond. As slavery-produced commodities poured out of the United States, U.S. slaveholders transformed their profits into slavery expansion. Ranging from colonial India to Australia and Belize, Sell’s examination further reveals how U.S. slavery provided not only the raw material for Britain’s explosive manufacturing growth but also inspired new hallucinatory imperial visions of colonial domination that took root on a global scale. What emerges is a tale of a system too powerful and too profitable to end, even after emancipation; it is the story of how slavery's influence survived emancipation, infusing empire and capitalism to this day.
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Shneiderman, Ben. Human-Centered AI. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845290.001.0001.
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Researchers, developers, business leaders, policy makers, and others are expanding the technology-centered scope of artificial intelligence (AI) to include human-centered AI (HCAI) ways of thinking. This expansion from an algorithm-focused view to embrace a human-centered perspective can shape the future of technology so as to better serve human needs. Educators, designers, software engineers, product managers, evaluators, and government agency staffers can build on AI-driven technologies to design products and services that make life better for people and enable people to care for each other. Humans have always been tool builders, and now they are supertool builders, whose inventions can improve our health, family life, education, business, the environment, and much more. The remarkable progress in algorithms for machine and deep learning have opened the doors to new opportunities, and some dark possibilities. However, a bright future awaits AI researchers, developers, business leaders, policy makers, and others who build on their working methods by including HCAI strategies of design and testing. This enlarged vision can shape the future of technology so as to better serve human needs. As many technology companies and thought leaders have said, the goal is not to replace people, but to empower them by making design choices that give humans control over technology.
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Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia. Technology and International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.319.
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Throughout history, technology has played a significant role in international relations (IR). Technological development is an important factor underlying much of humanity’s social, economic, and political development, as well as in interstate and interregional relationships. Beginning with the earliest tool industries of the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods to the present time, technology has been an integral component of the transformative processes that resulted in the organization, expansion, and establishment of distinctive societies. The presence or absence of equal access to technology has often determined the nature of relationships between societies and civilizations. Technology increases the options available to policymakers in their pursuit of the goals of the state, but also complicates their decision making. The question of whether, and how much, technological change has influenced IR has been the subject of considerable debate. Scholars are divided on the emphasis that should be placed on technological progress as an independent variable in the study of relations between states and as a factor in analyzing power configurations in the international system. Among the scientific and technological revolutions that are believed to have contributed to the changing nature of power and relations between states are transportation and communication, the industrial revolution, the nuclear revolution, and the contemporary information revolution. Future research should focus on how these technological changes are going to influence the debates on power, deterrence, diplomacy, and other instruments of IR.
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Kalaitzidis, Akis, and Gregory W. Streich. U.S. Foreign Policy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216028413.
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A critical tool for the study of U.S. history, this volume offers an analysis of important documents and decisions in U.S. foreign policy from George Washington to Barack Obama. The study of historical primary documents provides a uniquely beneficial and insightful view into history. To that end, U.S. Foreign Policy: A Documentary and Reference Guide presents and interprets important documents from throughout U.S. history, from the administration of George Washington to that of Barack Obama. Examining U.S. foreign policy through this lens identifies the ideals of the United States during different periods, illuminates the intent behind its military actions, and reveals how each American president interpreted his moral responsibilities as leader of one of the most powerful nations in the world. Organized to allow readers to examine the historical evolution of U.S. foreign policy, the book includes treaties, speeches, and other documents that illustrate important doctrines and decisions over the more than two centuries of American history, covering all presidential doctrines to the current administration. It also highlights various phases of foreign policy, from regionalism to westward expansion, from the Cold War to a New World Order. In addition to the documents themselves, the authors provide invaluable analysis and commentary that will help students understand what the documents mean—both in the context of their time, and in terms of their broader historical significance.
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Fröhlich, Manuel. Dag Hammarskjöld, 1953–1961. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748915.003.0003.
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Dag Hammarskjöld’s term in office stands for an expansion of the UN’s activities for the maintenance of international peace and security. Despite the constraints of the Cold War, new tools for preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping were developed under his leadership. He also articulated a new doctrine for the world organization as well as the international civil service that built on various philosophical sources and central aspects of his personality. His interaction with the Security Council at the time was decisive in bringing about these innovations, but it also highlighted severe differences between the Secretary-General and leading member states. The Council that had given him unprecedented leeway in crisis situations became more and more disturbed by an all too active Secretary-General. The chapter traces the dynamics of the relationship between an active Secretary-General and an assertive, yet oftentimes divided Security Council in that crucial era.
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Quinn, Sarah L. American Bonds. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156750.001.0001.
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Federal housing finance policy and mortgage-backed securities have gained widespread attention in recent years because of the 2008 financial crisis, but issues of government credit have been part of American life since the nation's founding. From the 1780s, when a watershed national land credit policy was established, to the postwar foundations of our current housing finance system, this book examines the evolution of securitization and federal credit programs. The book shows that since the Westward expansion, the US government has used financial markets to manage America's complex social divides, and politicians and officials across the political spectrum have turned to land sales, home ownership, and credit to provide economic opportunity without the appearance of market intervention or direct wealth redistribution. Highly technical systems, securitization, and credit programs have been fundamental to how Americans determined what they could and should owe one another. Over time, government officials embraced credit as a political tool that allowed them to navigate an increasingly complex and fractured political system, affirming the government's role as a consequential and creative market participant. Neither intermittent nor marginal, credit programs supported the growth of powerful industries, from railroads and farms to housing and finance; have been used for disaster relief, foreign policy, and military efforts; and were promoters of amortized mortgages, lending abroad, venture capital investment, and mortgage securitization. Illuminating America's market-heavy social policies, this book illustrates how political institutions became involved in the nation's lending practices.
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Alderman, Jonathan, and Geoff Goodwin, eds. The Social and Political Life of Latin American Infrastructures. University of London, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/gljm4371.
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From houses to roads, infrastructure provides a unique lens through which to explore social and political change. Serving as an important conduit between states and individuals, infrastructure provides governments with a powerful tool to mould citizens and control populations. Yet, at the same time, it also provides individuals and collectives with a platform to challenge the state and forge alternative forms of citizenship and politics. Infrastructure therefore often reconfigures social and political relations in unexpected ways and never dutifully follows the scripts of politicians, bureaucrats, and engineers. Latin America provides fertile terrain to explore these issues. The region has been subject to extensive foreign intervention for centuries and much of its infrastructure has been primarily constructed to benefit colonial and imperial powers. Yet it has also been an important site of resistance, and infrastructure has been central to these struggles, including indigenous efforts to challenge capitalist-colonial expansion. Latin America’s history and diversity create unique infrastructure configurations, and the region’s remarkable geography adds to their distinctiveness. This cross-disciplinary book seeks to capture the characteristics, limits and vibrancy of Latin America’s infrastructures. The empirical chapters explore a wide range of infrastructures, from irrigation networks in Peru to nuclear plants in Cuba. The introduction builds on these chapters to show the value of understanding infrastructure as a relational and experimental process. In doing so, the volume makes a novel contribution to global infrastructure debates and provides important new insights into Latin America’s history and politics.
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Linzer Sr, Jeffrey F., Cindy Hughes, and Becky Dolan. Pediatric Code Crosswalk: ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109702.
Full textAbstract:
Available October 2015! Pediatric Code Crosswalk: ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM, 2nd Edition is designed as a quick reference tool for pediatric diagnosis coding and will assist in the integration of the ICD-10-CM nomenclature and code set into practice. This spiral bound quick reference guide simplifies the transition process by listing ICD-9-CM codes for the most common pediatric diagnoses right alongside their ICD-10-CM counterparts to assist selecting the most appropriate code conversion. This guide will assist pediatric providers and coders by streamlining pediatric diagnosis coding for ICD-10-CM and includes basic guidelines for selecting appropriate codes for commonly encountered pediatric diagnoses and diseases. All codes are indexed by diagnosis and organized alphabetically for easy identification. A glossary of medical abbreviations accompanies this guide. Also, for this updated edition, numerous coding tips, tables, and tools have been included alongside the cross-walked codes, as well as an expansive appendix, featuring ICD-10 related articles on various implementation strategies, transition considerations, and other best coding practices.
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Pawley, Andrew. Linguistic Evidence as a Window into the Prehistory of Oceania. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.006.
Full textAbstract:
Historical linguistics is a key witness in reconstructing the prehistory of Oceania. The extraordinary number of Papuan (non-Austronesian) language families in Near Oceania is consistent with archaeological evidence that this region was settled over 40,000 years ago. One family, Trans New Guinea, is exceptional in its wide distribution, suggesting that its expansion was underpinned by technological advances. Most Austronesian languages of Oceania fall into a single branch of the family, Oceanic, indicating that they stem from a bottleneck in the Austronesian expansion into the southwest Pacific, associated with the formation of Proto Oceanic (POc). The final stages of this formative period almost certainly took place in the Bismarck Archipelago and the subsequent rapid dispersal of Oceanic languages across the southwest Pacific can be connected with the region's colonization by bearers of the Lapita archaeological culture. The reconstructed lexicon of POc provides information about early Lapita material culture and social organization.
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Philippon, Daniel J. Is American Nature Writing Dead? Edited by Greg Garrard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742929.013.022.
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This article examines the state of American nature writing and evaluates whether it has outlived its usefulness. It reviews several attempts to define nature writing as a genre and explores some recent critiques of nature, nature writing, and environmentalism. It argues that while the generic label “nature writing” may now be more trouble than it’s worth, the expansive sensibility expressed in much traditional nature writing still remains a useful tool with which to address the various humanistic challenges associated with sustainability.
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Crawford, Michael, and Rohina C. Rubicz. Molecular Genetic Evidence from Contemporary Populations for the Origins of Native North Americans. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.4.
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An overview of the current molecular genetic evidence for the origins of North American populations is presented, including specific examples from the authors’ work with the Aleutian Island inhabitants. Shared mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA markers among Siberians and Native Americans point to a Pleistocene migration from Siberia into the Americas via Beringia. There was likely a later migration from Siberia to Alaska, based on the analysis of whole-genome sequence data from a Greenland Paleoeskimo that clusters this individual with Siberian populations. Coalescence date estimates for Native American mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups indicate that there was a population expansion approximately 15,000–18,000 that was associated with a pre-Clovis settlement of the Americas and coastal migration, and then a later expansion of circum-Arctic populations. Settlement of the Aleutian Archipelago took place via east-to-west migration of Aleut kin groups, accompanied by a clinal loss in mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity.
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Karambakuwa, Roseline T., Ronney M. Ncwadi, Weliswa Matekenya, Leward Jeke, and Syden Mishi. Special economic zones and transnational zones as tools for Southern Africa’s growth: Lessons from international best practices. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/927-3.
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The paper evaluates strategies for developing successful special economic zones and transnational zones for Southern African countries to spur growth and employment. Most special economic zones implemented in Southern Africa have largely failed to bring adequate growth and employment due to numerous constraints. Globally, selected countries have successfully implemented export-oriented industries through such spatial industrial policy. We review case studies across the world by comparing different regions on selected indicators related to the best-practice framework developed through this study. The framework represents the five key components of successful special enterprise zones, namely: institutional arrangements; running (operational) framework; expansion framework; attaining/achieving framework; and reflection/review mechanisms. We identify best practice and review the implications for implementation and sustainability strategy in Southern Africa. The main findings point to unique lessons from international best practice on the establishment and operational strategy for zones and opportunities for transnational zones.
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Kjær, Peter, Anne Reff Pedersen, and Anja Svejgaard Pors. A Discursive Approach to Organizational Health Communication. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.10.
Full textAbstract:
With the increased interest in communication in the fields of health care and health care management research, it is important to begin to explore and consider the consequences of this engagement with new ideas in communication. In this chapter we describe the expansion of organizational health communication, identifying three distinct types of communication ideas and tools: clinical communication, extra-clinical communication and corporate communication. In order to assess the wider implications of health communication, we elaborate a discursive perspective, illustrated by presenting exemplary analyses of a) the institutionalization of communication ideals, b) the communicative management of meaning and c) communication tools as organising technologies. The discursive perspective highlights that organizations and individual health care providers should not only look for the desired outcomes of communication initiatives but also focus on unintended consequences in terms of changes to management roles, challenges to professional values and the reshaping of demands on patients. Attention to those implications is a key task for health care managers.
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Nuccetelli, Susana. Rights and Identity in Latin American Philosophy. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.24.
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Two issues of Latin American political philosophy have attracted considerable attention. The first is controversy about human rights, prompted by the European expansions that took place during the Iberian Conquest and colonial ruling that followed, and today, by the phenomenon of contemporary globalization. The second issue concerns the identity of Latin Americans and their descendants abroad—namely, who they are as a people, and what they should be culturally and ethnically or racially. These questions have prompted Latin American philosophical theorizing since the early nineteenth-century Wars of Independence, to this day.
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Gamberini, Andrea. Northern Italy in the Central Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the political change that took place in the post-Carolingian age, when the collapse of empire encouraged the jurisdictional separation of cities and countryside, until then subject to the same authorities and to the same destiny. Thus, while in the city the community of cives gathered first around their bishop and then around the new communal institutions, the countryside saw the beginning of a proliferation of lords of castles and manorial lords. The result was the development of very different political cultures that were destined to come into conflict with each other as, starting from the 12th century, the citizens of the commune began their political expansion into the surrounding countryside.
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Gibson, Ann L., Dale R. Wagner, and Vivian H. Heyward. Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription. 8th ed. Human Kinetics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718220966.
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Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription, Eighth Edition With Online Video, provides a comprehensive approach to physical fitness appraisal and customized exercise prescription. The text synthesizes research and practice with concepts and theories from exercise physiology, kinesiology, measurement, psychology, and nutrition to clearly convey how assessments from physical fitness testing inform the design of individualized exercise programs. The eighth edition of Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription reflects the latest exercise testing and prescription guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) as well as physical activity recommendations from the U.S. government and American Heart Association. It also takes into account recent ACSM guidelines for medical exam and exercise testing requirements to consider before beginning exercise programs. Additional updates to the eighth edition include the following: • Significant expansion of the online video clips, which now demonstrate nearly 75 fitness tests, including functional movement assessment and push-up and pull-up testing • New protocols and assessments for each of the five fitness components, from self-paced treadmill protocols for cardiorespiratory fitness to the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) for assessment of balance • Updated blood pressure standards for hypertension • Expanded information on the use of technology to monitor physical activity, including wearable activity trackers and mobile apps • Updated information on the use of workspace design to promote physical activity and exercise • Extensive updates to the supporting research for the assessment and testing protocols Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription, Eighth Edition, is structured around five physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness (strength, endurance, and power), body composition, flexibility, and balance. The text begins with an overview of physical activity, health, and chronic disease, including a discussion of preliminary health screening and risk classification. It then leads into field and laboratory assessment and testing protocols, followed by prescription guidelines for designing exercise programs to improve each fitness component. Readers will find the latest information on maximal and submaximal graded exercise testing in healthy populations, as well as muscular fitness testing protocols and norms for children and adults. Each chapter begins with key questions to help readers focus on essential information. Sidebars lend practical insight to the content. Key points, review questions, and key terms reinforce concepts and summarize chapter content for better retention. An instructor guide, test package, chapter quizzes, and presentation package plus image bank provide tools for instructors to use for lecture preparation, creative content delivery, and class assessment. The online video clips, newly revised for the eighth edition, further aid student comprehension of the material and provide instructors an additional tool for classroom demonstration. Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription, Eighth Edition, truly bridges the gap between research and practice. Its unique scope, depth of coverage, and clearly outlined approach make it an invaluable resource for students and exercise science professionals who want to increase their knowledge, skill, and competence in assessing clients' fitness and designing individualized exercise programs.