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Journal articles on the topic 'Tool for optimum retting'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Hossain, Mohammad Munir, Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee, and Vijay Kumar. "Critical Factors for Optimum Biodegradation of Bast Fiber’s Gums in Bacterial Retting." Fibers 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9080052.

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Bast fiber plants require a post-harvest process to yield useable natural cellulosic fibers, denoted as retting or degumming. It encompasses the degradation of the cell wall’s non-cellulosic gummy substances (NCGs), facilitating fibers separations, setting the fiber’s quality, and determining downstream usages. Due to the inconvenience of traditional retting practices, bacterial inoculum and enzyme applications for retting gained attention. Therefore, concurrent changes of agroclimatic and socioeconomic conditions, the conventional water retting confront multiple difficulties, bast industries become vulnerable, and bacterial agents mediated augmented bio-retting processes trying to adapt to sustainability. However, this process’s success demands a delicate balance among substrates and retting-related biotic and abiotic factors. These critical factors were coupled to degrade bast fibers NCGs in bacterial retting while holistically disregarded in basic research. In this study, a set of factors were defined that critically regulates the process and requires to be comprehended to achieve optimum retting without failure. This review presents the bacterial strain characteristics, enzyme potentials, specific bast plant cell wall’s structure, compositions, solvents, and interactions relating to the maximum NCGs removal. Among plants, associated factors pectin is the primary biding material that determines the process’s dynamics, while its degree of esterification has a proficient effect through bacterial enzymatic degradation. The accomplished bast plant cell wall’s structure, macerating solvents pH, and temperature greatly influence the bacterial retting process. This article also highlights the remediation process of water retting pollution in a biocompatible manner concerning the bast fiber industry’s endurance.

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2

Yu, Xiangyu, Yuyang Xia, Dong Liang, Wei Fu, and Chenghai Yin. "Effect of Warm-Water Retting Pretreatment on the Physical Properties of Banana Stem and Its Fibre." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 8462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238462.

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In this paper, warm-water flax retting was used as a pretreatment method for banana-fibre extraction. To determine the optimum conditions for flax retting, the physical properties of various parts of stems and fibres in the process of flax retting were analysed. By studying the tensile strength, elongation at break, diameter, moisture regain, and other characteristics of the fibres, the influences of bacteria and enzymes in the retting liquor on the fibre characteristics in different retting stages were determined. Through mechanical-property tests and microscopic observation of the stem skin, the change rules of the mechanical properties and degumming state of the stems were examined. The results showed that the fibre tensile strength of banana stems reached the maximum value of 45 ± 16 cN·tex−1 after 11 days of retting. As most resins had not been hydrolysed, fibre extraction was difficult. After 21–25 days of retting, the tensile strength of fibres was about 34 ± 10 cN·tex−1, elongation at break was about 1.71%, and moisture regain was about 13.56%. The fibre characteristics met the process requirements, and the tensile separation stress of the stem was small, about 0.034 MPa. This time point could be used as the optimum endpoint for retting flax in warm water, which could provide theoretical support and research basis for the recycling of banana straw. The functional groups of the extracted fibres were studied by FTIR, which confirmed the observed change rule of each component during degumming. The experimental results showed that a longer retting time corresponded with a lower content of fibre impurities, more thorough degumming, and less difficult extraction; however, strength and toughness decreased.

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3

Yinghua, Tian, Liu Xiaolan, Zheng Xiqun, and Wang Lu. "Production of efficient enzymes for flax retting by solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-04-2013-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the optimum culture condition of flax-retting enzyme, and applying the enzyme liquors to retting. In addition to research the structure of flax stem in enzyme retting using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Design/methodology/approach – The influence of cultural parameters such as moisture level, temperature, incubation time and inoculum size were evaluated with respect to polygalacturonase and xylanase yield. The structure of flax stem was revealed by SEM. Findings – The flax was retted by dilute enzyme liquors (polygalacturonase/25 U/ml, xylanase/1 U/ml), and 24-h retting period was obtained. The SEM studies revealed the removal of a large amount of non-cellulosic gummy material of flax stem in enzyme retting. Originality/value – First, flax-retting enzyme containing higher-yield polygalacturonase, lower-yield xylanase and no cellulose was yielded by SSF. Second, the composition of enzyme could meet flax retting and no damage cellulosic fibre. Finally, only low-cost wheat bran, citrus peel powder and mineral salt were employed in substrate, which could reduce the overall cost of enzyme production and flax retting.

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4

Zhao, Dan, Hairui Ji, Renpeng Du, Qi Wang, Wenxiang Ping, and Jingping Ge. "Optimization of process conditions for microwave-assisted flax water retting by response surface methodology and evaluation of its fiber properties." BioResources 15, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 5859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5859-5870.

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Microwave-assistance was used to increase the degumming efficiency in flax water retting. Different pre-soaking times, microwave times, and microwave power were investigated in this study. The relationships between degumming rate and process parameters were established via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum process parameters were a pre-soaking time of 25.5 h, a microwave time of 18.5 min, and a microwave power setting of 570 W. Under these optimal conditions, the degumming rate was 83.85% ± 1.13%, which was 1.33 times higher than that of natural hot water retting (P < 0.05). Moreover, the tensile properties and color of the resulting fibers showed that they had tensile properties similar to those of the natural hot water retting fibers. However, the color values for the natural hot water retting fibers were higher than those of the fibers treated with microwave-assisted flax water retting.

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5

EASSON, D. L., and K. COOPER. "A study of the use of the trimesium salt of glyphosate to desiccate and ret flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and of its effects on the yield of straw, seed and fibre." Journal of Agricultural Science 138, no. 1 (February 2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001629.

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A replicated field plot experiment was carried out in Northern Ireland in 1996 with flax, cv Ariane, and linseed, cv Flanders, each grown at seed rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 seeds/m2, in which a comparison was made between retting of the standing crop, following desiccation by the trimesium salt of glyphosate (Touchdown, Zeneca Ltd.), and water or dew retting of the pulled crop. Application at 4 litres/ha on 9 August, 33 days after the mid-point of flowering (MPF), achieved both desiccation and partial retting of the crop within 14 days. Over 16% clean long fibre was extracted by scutching the stand-retted flax straw, yielding 800 kg/ha fibre, while water retting achieved 20% extraction and 980 kg/ha yield and dew retting 8·5% and 420 kg/ha respectively. The dew retting was uneven, resulting in high losses during fibre extraction, while water retting for 7 days at 25 °C did not achieve complete retting resulting in a high content of woody fragments in the fibre. Fibre yields increased by almost 50% with the high v. low seed rate. Linseed was less well retted than flax and contained higher levels of impurity in the extracted long fibre which, after retting, yielded 120 to 310 kg/ha at extraction rates of 2·9% to 7·5%.In a second experiment in 1998 flax cvs. Viola and Evelyn were treated with the timesium salt of glyphosate at rates of 2, 4 or 6 litres/ha 10, 20, 30 or 40 days after MPF on 5 July. Viola desiccated satisfactorily at all spray dates with 4 and 6 litres/ha glyphosate. The 20-day treatment desiccated more slowly than the 30-day and the 2 litres/ha rate did not achieve complete desiccation, but the trimesium salt of glyphosate achieved better desiccation at this timing than that found in earlier studies with the original form of glyphosate. Evelyn desiccated more slowly and less evenly than Viola particularly at the 20-day and 40-day timings. Spraying at MPF+10 days interrupted early development of the seed and fibre significantly reducing yields. Due to slower desiccation the 20-day timing was no better than the 30-day, which was well retted by harvest 44 days after spraying, and gave the highest yield of clean long fibre. The spraying 40 days after MPF was considered too late in the season to be of practical use. It was concluded that retting of standing flax following desiccation with the trimesium salt of glyphosate was more effective than with the earlier formulation and that retting of the standing crop could achieve equivalent or better retting with similar fibre yields to traditional retting methods. The optimum spray timing was found to be about 30 days after MPF with 4 or 6 litres/ha, the lower rate being adequate for glyphosate responsive varieties such as Viola.

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6

Low, Jaime Yoke-Sum, Po-Yee Fong, Chee-Keng Teh, Ai-Ling Ong, Chin-Ming Lim, and David Ross Appleton. "Ethephon-Induced Abscission of Oil Palm Fruits at Optimal Bunch Ripeness and Retting Period to Improve Commercial Seed Production." Horticulturae 7, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100380.

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Oil palm seed producers typically require 10 months of various processes from pollination to seed germination to produce commercial dura × pisifera hybrid seeds. Conventional forced fruit shedding from underripe fresh fruit bunches (FFB) usually causes seed damage and an extended retting period (incubation for natural fruit abscission from spikelets), eventually leading to bunch rot and disease infection. As a fruit ripening agent, ethephon has been explored to hasten fruit abscission in many fruit crops and oil palm. Nevertheless, the previous studies in oil palm only focused on fruit shedding from FFB to improve oil extraction rate in oil mills without considering the actual FFB ripeness and retting period, which are critical for oil palm seed production. In this study, the application of ethephon containing buffer (adjusted to pH 9.0) to underripe FFB at 145 days after pollination (DAP), 135 DAP and 125 DAP resulted in 50% more fruit abscission after a 72-h incubation. Considering the minimal seed loss upon FFB harvest (<1%) and 50% reduction in retting period, underripe FFB at around 145 DAP was found to be optimum for seed production using ethephon treatment. The treatment, however, made negligible improvement in fruit detachment for ripe FFB at 150 DAP and older. Importantly, seed germination and culling rate at nursery stages were not significantly affected by the ethephon treatment. Hence, ethephon application can improve commercial seed production practices for oil palm.

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7

Liu, Jun, Masao Ukita, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Tsuyoshi Imai, and Masayuki Fukagawa. "Estimation of optimum operating parameters of UASB reactor treating flax retting wastewater by kinectic model." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 521 (1995): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1995.521_249.

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8

Kumari, Bindu, Lalita Rani, Nisha Arya, Sachin Kumari, and Neeta Poonia. "The Analysis of Fibre Properties of Water Retted Sansevieria trifasciata with Sodium Hydroxide." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 21 (November 9, 2023): 1011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i214072.

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In the last decade, natural fibres have been in high demand because of their strength, high efficiency, and biodegradability easy availability for nature and improved textile properties than synthetic fibre. So, the increasing preference towards natural and green textile products rather than synthetic products has increased the attraction of tourists to the local as well as outside markets. Therefore, the present paper focused on the analysis of sodium hydroxide on the fibre properties of water-retted S. trifasciata (snake plant) fibres. The extraction of fibres from snake plant leaves was conducted by using water water-retted method. Three different time periods were selected i.e. 10, 15 and 20 days for water retting. After water retting, the selected fibres were treated with an alkali i.e. NaOH. The optimum conditions for alkali were chemical concentration, material to liquor, time durations, treatment temperature and pH for standardization of the process of alkali treatment. The effect of sodium hydroxide was analyzed on fibre properties such as fibre yield, fineness, bundle strength, and elongation at the break. As a result, a gradual fibre yield was to be increased to decrease after being treated with alkali (NaOH). The alkali-treated fibres fibre yield, fineness and bundle strength was recorded (0.84±0.02 g), (23.51±0.39 denier) and (47.97±0.13 g/tex). Elongation of the alkali-treated fibres was 5.02±0.007 per cent. The resulting fibre properties were found suitable for other textile products such as apparel, reinforcement material composite etc.

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9

Whalley, R., M. Ebrahimi, A. Abdul-Ameer, and S. El-Shalabi. "Optimum, machine tool axis traverse regulation." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 46, no. 14 (November 2006): 1835–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.11.011.

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10

Joshy, M. K., Lovely Mathew, and Rani Joseph. "Effect of Alkali treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Short Randomly Oriented Isora Fibre-Polyester Composites." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 24, no. 4 (November 2008): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060802400403.

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This paper reports the effect of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of the natural fibre “isora” as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin. Isora fibre is separated from the bark of Helicteres isora plant by retting process. Properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength have been studied as a function of duration of alkali treatment and concentration of alkali. Alkalization of the fibre improves the mechanical properties of the composite. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite were found to be maximum and impact strength minimum, for an alkali treatment time of 4 hours. The mechanical properties were found to be optimum for an alkali concentration of 1%. The effects of alkali treatment on the fibre properties were investigated by SEM and IR. SEM studies were carried out to investigate the fibre surface morphology, fibre pull-out and fibre-polyester interface bonding. SEM gave evidence for the changes occurred on the fibre surface during chemical treatment.

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11

Mishima, N. "Optimum Size Consideration of Machine Tools." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.337.

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As has been demonstrated in the “microfactory” which is a miniature manufacturing system proposed by the author’s research group, small machine tools that are comparable in size to their target products lead to large reductions in energy consumption and area. Experiments showed that they were capable of micro mechanical fabrication. However, the design of miniature machine tools has not been fully optimized. The author proposed a design method to estimate machine tool performance. In this paper, the design tool is applied to find miniaturizing strategies. By applying the design tool, it is possible to determine which of the design parameters and error sources would significantly affect machine performance. From the results of calculation, the tool can clarify the effect of machine tool sizes imposed on the machine performances. This leads to some suggestions regarding machine tool sizes. Finally, design guidelines for miniature machine can be obtained.

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12

ZHANG, Huping, Mitsuru SENOO, and Naotake ONEYAMA. "Optimum Model Selecting Tool of Pneumatic System." Proceedings of the JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power 2002, no. 5-2 (2002): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/isfp.2002.365.

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13

Shintani, K., M. Ueki, and Y. Fujimura. "Optimum tool geometry of CBN tool for continuous turning of carburized steel." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 29, no. 3 (January 1989): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(89)90009-6.

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14

Shintani, K., M. Ueki, and Y. Fujimura. "Optimum cutting tool geometry when interrupted cutting carburized steel by CBN tool." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 29, no. 3 (January 1989): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6955(89)90010-2.

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15

Talukder, Abu Mohammad, Farzana Mahejabin, Abdullah Al Faruk, Quazi Rakibus Sultan, Abu Sufian, and Md Abdul Mannan. "Physicianpatient communication : a tool for optimum satisfaction." Northern International Medical College Journal 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v6i2.23169.

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16

Sancho-Bru, Joaquı́n L., D. J. Giurintano, A. Pérez-González, and M. Vergara. "Optimum Tool Handle Diameter for a Cylinder Grip." Journal of Hand Therapy 16, no. 4 (October 2003): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/s0894-1130(03)00160-1.

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17

Arora, A., A. De, and T. DebRoy. "Toward optimum friction stir welding tool shoulder diameter." Scripta Materialia 64, no. 1 (January 2011): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.052.

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18

Samui, Pijush, Rahul Kumar, and Pradeep Kurup. "Determination of Optimum Tool for Efficient Rock Cutting." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 34, no. 4 (June 3, 2016): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0035-5.

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19

Kaldor, S., and P. K. Venuvinod. "Macro-level Optimization of Cutting Tool Geometry." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836551.

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A new approach to the macro-level optimization of tool geometro in machining is proposed. Methods for characterizing the tool material, the work material and the optimum tool geometry are proposed and a model describing the interactions between them is developed. Empirical evidence drawn from published literature is presented in support of the new approach. In this approach, the optimum tool geometry is characterized by a geometric entity number which can be explicity calculated in terms of cutting tool angles. Practical benefits derivable from the approach are discussed along with the issues requiring further research.

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20

Blăjină, Ovidiu, Aurelian Vlase, and Marius Iacob. "Model for Optimization of the Tool Life and the Cutting Speed for Maximum Productivity at Drilling of the Steel 2NiCr185." Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (May 2015): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.433.

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The research in the last decade regarding their cutting machinability have highlighted the insufficiency of the data for establishing of the optimum cutting processing conditions and the optimum cutting regime. The purpose of this paper is the optimization of the tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms of the maximum productivity. A nonlinear programming mathematical model to maximize the productivity at the drilling of a stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool speed are obtained by solving the proposed mathematical model. The use of this productivity model allows greater accuracy in the prediction of the productivity for the drilling of a certain stainless steel and getting the optimum tool life and the optimum cutting speed for the maximum productivity. The obtained results can be used in production activity, in order to increase the productivity of the stainless steels machining. Finally the paper suggests new research directions for the specialists interested in this field.

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21

Iacob, Marius, Ovidiu Blăjină, and Aurelian Vlase. "Model for Optimization of the Tool Life and the Cutting Speed for Maximum Productivity at Drilling of the Steel X5CrNiMo17-12-2." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.69.

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The research in the last decade regarding their cutting machinability have highlighted the insufficiency of the data for establishing of the optimum cutting processing conditions and the optimum cutting regime. The purpose of this article is the optimization of the tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms of the maximum productivity. A nonlinear programming mathematical model to maximize the productivity at the drilling of a stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool speed are obtained by solving the proposed mathematical model. The use of this productivity model allows greater accuracy in the prediction of the productivity for the drilling of a certain stainless steel and getting the optimum tool life and the optimum cutting speed for the maximum productivity. The obtained results can be used in production activity, in order to increase the productivity of the stainless steels machining. Finally the paper suggests new research directions for the specialists interested in this field.

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22

Blăjină, Ovidiu, Aurelian Vlase, and Vlad Darie. "Optimum Tool Life and Cutting Speed for the Maximum Productivity at the Drilling of the Steel X6CrNiTi18-10." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.28.

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The research in the last decade regarding their cutting machinability have highlighted the insufficiency of the data for establishing of the optimum cutting processing conditions and the optimum cutting regime. The purpose of this paper is the optimization of the tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms of the maximum productivity. A nonlinear programming model to maximize the productivity at the drilling of a stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool speed are obtained by solving the proposed mathematical model. The use of this productivity model allows greater accuracy in the prediction of the productivity for the drilling of a certain stainless steel and getting the optimum tool life and the optimum cutting speed for the maximum productivity. The obtained results can be used in production activity, in order to increase the productivity of the stainless steels machining. Finally the paper suggests new research directions for the specialists interested in this field.

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23

WAKAYAMA, Hiroki, and Koichi MORISHIGE. "Optimum Tool Path Generation for 5-Axis Control Machining Considering Tool Attitude Change." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Contributed Papers 71, no. 5 (2005): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jspe.71.639.

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24

Kim, K. J., and J. Y. Ha. "Suppression of Machine Tool Chatter Using a Viscoelastic Dynamic Damper." Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187095.

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Optimization procedures to install a viscoelastic dynamic damper into a single degree of freedom primary system is briefly reviewed. Excitation methods are shown to identify elastic modulus and loss factor of a viscoelastic material at given prestrain, which are needed in the optimum design of the damper. An optimum-designed damper is attached on the toolpost of a lathe and its excellent chatter-suppressing effects are observed under six cutting conditions in terms of integrated power of the accelerations around the chatter frequency. Because one of the resonance frequencies responsible for the chatter varies depending upon the location of the carriage on the sliding surface, the prestrain of the viscoelastic element, which is initially optimum-tuned and damped at a location of the carriage, is readjusted for optimum tuning at the other locations. The effects of the readjustment are discussed in terms of the reduction of structural compliances and magnitudes of chatter vibrations.

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25

Tholibon, Dulina, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, Izdihar Tharazi, Nur Farhani Ismail, and Duratul Ain Tholibon. "Tensile Properties of Unidirectional Kenaf Polypropylene Composite at Various Temperatures and Orientations." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.16.

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The development of bio-composites as biodegradable and renewable materials for sustainable technology are advantageous in creating a green and healthy environment. However, the application of natural fiber as a bio-composite material have been found to be restricted especially as it has lower thermal resistance in comparison to synthetic fiber. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of fiber orientations on the tensile properties at various tensile temperatures for unidirectional kenaf polypropylene (PP) composite. Samples were prepared by hot pressing process. In this study, kenaf long fibers that are produced from water retting process is use as a reinforcement agent while PP as a polymer in the composite fabrication. A tensile test was carried out at different temperatures (30°C, 60°C, 90°C, 120°C) for various orientations (0°, 45° and 90°). It was found that an increase of temperature will reduce the modulus and tensile strength where the highest reduction occurred between 60°C to 120°C and most significantly on the orientation of 45° and 90°, which is lower than pure PP. This concludes that the application of kenaf PP composite is optimum between room temperature with a cut-off temperature at 60°C.

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26

Gebremedhin, Negasi, and Gideon K. Rotich. "Manufacturing of Bathroom Wall Tile Composites from Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene Reinforced with Pineapple Leaf Fiber." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (June 4, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2732571.

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Plastic has been a dominant material for packaging in recent years but due to its nonbiodegradability, it is causing environmental pollution. Among the plastics used, low-density polyethylene is used abundantly. These plastics can be removed from the environment by recycling into useful products through reinforcing it with natural textile fibers into composite materials. Natural fiber-based composites are ecofriendly and low cost. This research is aimed at manufacturing composite wall tiles from recycled low-density polyethylene reinforced with pineapple leaf fibers (PALF). The PALF was extracted by the retting process followed by mechanical scratching and treated with 5% NaOH to improve the fiber-matrix interaction. The composites were manufactured by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The effects of fiber length and fiber weight proportion on composite properties were investigated using tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption tests. The study showed that the optimum fiber weight proportion and fiber length for the optimal properties of the composite were achieved at 30% fiber weight proportion and 30 mm fiber length. The maximum tensile strength of 1562 N/mm2, flexural strength of 454.9 N/mm2, and impact strength of 225.2 J/mm2 were obtained. Water absorption of the tiles increased with the increase in both the fiber weight proportion and the fiber length.

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27

Okada, Noritada, Yangjin Kim, Naohiko Sugita, and Mamoru Mitsuishi. "Study on the optimum design of machine tool structure." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2016.11 (2016): A02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2016.11.a02.

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28

Wörz, O., K. P. Jäckel, Th Richter, and A. Wolf. "Microreactors, a new efficient tool for optimum reactor design." Chemical Engineering Science 56, no. 3 (February 2001): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00318-3.

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29

Mehta, M., A. Arora, A. De, and T. DebRoy. "Tool Geometry for Friction Stir Welding—Optimum Shoulder Diameter." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 42, no. 9 (March 24, 2011): 2716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0672-5.

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30

Saini, Surendra Kumar, and Shaik Mohammed Khaja. "Evolution of Optimum Parameters for EDD in Tool Steel." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001261.

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Better toughness, abrasion resistance and machining characteristics make tool steel suitable material for dies and tools. Electrical discharge drilling is thermal energy based spark machining process. In this process metal removes from the work along circumference of hole to be cut is due to spark phenomena. In present study circular cutting on steel is performed with wire electric discharge machine using design of experiment approach. Four design variables pulse on & off time, wire feed and current have taken while material removal rate considered as quality parameters. Total nine experiments conducted on work material using orthogonal array. Taguchi technique is used to identify the significant process parameter on quality parameter.

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31

Sadeed Al- Tahir, Zuhair, Samir Ali Al- Rubaii, and Qasim Abbas Atiah. "Determination of Optimum Tool Design for FSW AA2024- T351." Engineering and Technology Journal 32, no. 11 (October 1, 2014): 2648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.32.11a.4.

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32

Ahmad, Nafis, Tomohisa Tanaka, and Yoshio Saito. "Optimization of Multipass Turning Parameters by Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1545.

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Optimization of cutting parameters is one of the key obstacles for CAD/CAM integration. In this work optimum cutting parameters, the best sequence, number, and type of passes of turning operation are determined by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Proposed optimization strategy ensures that no constraint will be violated at the optimum condition and determines the optimum number and type of passes such as rough, finish and semi-finish passes to complete a multipass turning operation. Here objective function is the unit production cost and constraints are limits of cutting force, power, tool life, stability condition, tool chip interface temperature, surface finish, feed rate to depth of cut ratio and the available rotational speed of spindle of machine tool.

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Zhang, Wei, Wenhui Dang, Wenbo Zhang, Xiaorui Sun, and Zhongxi Zhu. "Underbalanced Drilling Optimum Methodology." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803004.

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A methodology to properly screen all UBD techniques to reduce failure/misapplication and align objectives with expectations had been absent. The paper addresses the latest enhancements to better understand and screen options for UBD operations according to two aspects: formation applicability and engineering applicability. The screening tool considers a range of economic and technical parameter to provide a relative ranking for each candidate of the Underbalanced drilling (UBD) technique. As a case, the methodology was available to optimize the UBD techniques in a risky exploration well in Xinjiang oilfield, which provided guidance and technical support to screen the UBD candidate, design the drilling modeconversion, and establish the emergency schedule.

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Ray, G. S., B. K. Sinha, and S. Majumdar. "Optimum Design of Radial-Flow Impellers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 4 (November 1989): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_033_02.

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The paper presents a procedure of computer aided design of high-speed impellers. The configurations are obtained using programs for the strength under the influence of centrifugal force within given constraints. The method provides a tool for optimizing stresses at an early design stage.

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Mchunu, Ntobeko, G. Lagerwall, and A. Senzanje. "Aquaponics production simulations using the decision-making tool." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 106 (February 27, 2022): 19040–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.106.19860.

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Aquaponics have related food and nutrition security benefit that are important for this country (South Africa). The aim of this study was to apply aquaponics decision-making tool to provide potential aquaponics production data and information for South Africa. This study was designed as 2×3×3 factorial study giving 18 interactions. Because aquaponics are the production of fish and crops concurrently, yield production had two levels- fish and crop, fish stocking density had three levels- low, optimum and higher and aquaponics scale of production had 3 levels- hobby, subsistence and commercial scale. The summary of data of aquaponics variables from the literature was used as optimum level, lower and higher levels were based on experimental design. Yield production (kg) of both fish and plants increased significantly (p<0.05) as fish stocking density was increased. In hobby scale, plants yield was higher than fish yield in all levels of fish stocking density, the plant-fish yield (kg) was 40-33, 80-67 and 150-133, respectively. In subsistence scale, fish-plant yield (kg) was 240-200, 300-267 and 400-333, respectively. In commercial scale, fish-plant yield (kg) was 600-533, 1 100-1 000, 1 500-1 333, respectively. Daily fish feed increased significantly with increase in fish stocking density across all scale of aquaponics production (hobby<subsistence<commercial). In hobby scale, at low fish stocking, 0.65kg feed produced 1 kg fish, at optimum, 0.65kg feed produced 1 kg fish and at higher fish stocking, 0.37kg feed produced 1 kg fish. In subsistence scale at low fish stocking density, 0.38kg feed produced 1 kg fish, at optimum level, 0.63kg feed produced 1 kg fish and at higher level, 0.65kg feed produced 1 kg fish. In commercial scale, in low fish stocking, 0.64kg feed produced 1 kg fish, at optimum, 0.63kg feed produced 1 kg fish and at higher fish stocking, 0.64kg feed produced 1 kg fish. Plant culture have more yield output than fish culture in all aquaponics scale of production. Hobby scale produced the lowest yield than subsistence than commercial scale of production. Hobby scale practise could not produce sufficient yield to support human subsistence. Fish feed closely mirrored yield production. Lower fish stocking density maybe adopted in subsistence scale. Higher fish stocking density maybe adopted in commercial scale. Fish feed could become an economic sustainability constraint in aquaponics production, particularly in a developing country like South Africa. Water availability and quality effects on yield was not determine especially in African context. Key words: Fish stocking density, Yield production, Fish feed, Planting area

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Ahmed, Shoaib, Rana Atta ur Rahman, Awais Awan, Sajjad Ahmad, Waseem Akram, Muhammad Amjad, Mohd Yazid Yahya, and Seyed Saeid Rahimian Rahimian Koloor. "Optimization of Process Parameters in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum 5451 in Marine Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101539.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the primary fabrication techniques for joining different components, and it has become popular, especially in aluminum alloy structures for marine applications. The welded joint with the friction stir process greatly depends on the process parameters, i.e., feed rate, rotational speed, and pin profile of the tool. In the current study, plates of aluminum 5451 alloy were joined by the FSW technique, and the Taguchi method was used to find the process parameters at an optimal level. The maximum value of tensile strength, i.e., 160.6907 MPa, was achieved using optimum welding conditions of a tool rotation speed of 1400, a feed rate of 18 mm/min, and the tool pin with threads. The maximum value of hardness, i.e., 81.056 HV, was achieved using optimum conditions of 1200 tool rotational speed and a feed rate of 18 mm/min with a tool pin profile having threads. In addition, the contribution in terms of the percentage of each input parameter was found by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results revealed that the pin profile of the tool has the maximum contribution of 67.77% and 62.42% in achieving the optimum value of tensile strength and hardness, respectively. The study also investigated the joint efficiency of the friction stir welded joint, hardness at the weld zone, and metallography on FSW samples at the optimized level. The effectiveness and reliability of FSW joints for shipping industry applications can be observed by joint efficiency. That was investigated at optimum conditions, and it comes out to be 80.5%.

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Hsieh, Nan Kai, Hong Tsu Young, and Wen Chin Chen. "Investigation of Optimum Assembly Tolerance for a Machine Tool Spindle." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.682.

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The product quality of an ultra-precision spindle of milling machine is affected by many factors such as assembly tolerance, assembly process, and working circumstances. The purpose of this study is to find optimal assembly tolerance in order to enhance product quality. This study collects assembly parameters and testing results. In addition, those collecting data are used to train and test by the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to obtain a quality index predictor so as to predict vibration level and temperature rise level. A variable control chart of SPC is employed to analyze the assembly tolerance data that impact on temperature rise level and vibration level. The results of the propose study not only increase the rotation accuracy and machining efficiency, but also decrease the vibration and temperature rise for ultra-precision spindle during operating.

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ZHU, Limin. "Optimum Positioning Conical Tool for Flank Milling of Ruled Surface." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 23 (2010): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.23.174.

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Chang, S.-L., H.-C. Tseng, J.-K. Hsieh, J.-H. Liu, and C.-H. Hung. "Optimum design of a cutting tool for manufacturing rotary knives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes882.

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In this article, the design parameters of a cutting tool for manufacturing a rotary knife with multi-cutting angles have been studied. An objective function and constraints are defined, and optimized solutions are found by using two methods: global search and sequential quadratic programming. Hobbing and the concept of tooth undercutting were used to manufacture a rotary knife with multi-cutting angles. The proposed method not only improved the manufacturing efficiency over the traditional method (milling and grinding), but also significantly improved the strength of the rotary knife and the chip discharge ability, as shown by the finite-element analysis of the stress distribution and deformation of two different kinds of rotary knives.

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Xu, Tao, Guanghua Xu, Qing Zhang, Sicong Zhang, and Ailing Luo. "An optimum preload method for machine tool spindle ball bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 230, no. 11 (August 6, 2016): 2016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415608784.

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Edwards, David J., Hamid Malekzadeh, and Silas B. Yisa. "A linear programming decision tool for selecting the optimum excavator." Structural Survey 19, no. 2 (May 2001): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005628.

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Xu, Tao, Guanghua Xu, Qin Zhang, Cheng Hua, Hu Zhang, and Kuosheng Jiang. "Experimental study on bearing preload optimum of machine tool spindle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 364 (May 28, 2012): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/364/1/012030.

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Jiang, Shuyun, and Hebing Mao. "Investigation of variable optimum preload for a machine tool spindle." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 50, no. 1 (January 2010): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.10.001.

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黄, 华. "Optimum Design of Mechanical System for Casing Resistivity Logging Tool." Mechanical Engineering and Technology 08, no. 02 (2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/met.2019.82010.

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Kim, Hyun-Chul, and Min-Yang Yang. "Incomplete mesh-based tool path generation for optimum zigzag milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 35, no. 7-8 (November 22, 2006): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0757-2.

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46

Tsubouchi, Kenji, Masayoshi Akiyama, and Tsutomu Okuyama. "Development and Optimization of Carbide-Reinforced Tools and Application to Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833870.

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A new design philosophy was tried out on a carbide-reinforced tool for hot working of stainless steel. The carbide particle in the micro structure of the new tool was selected so as to meet the relatively large optimum size. Attention has been focused, in the conventional tool, on the enlargement of the area fraction of fine carbide particles on the surface. The tool was made by a plasma transferred arc process, and it was found in the laboratory that an optimum mixture ratio of NbC and AISI316L powder realizes the best performance against wear and galling. It was also found that coating of the new tool material on the mother metal of moderate strength, toughness, and ductility ensures the longevity of the tool. The new tool was subjected to hot rolling of a stainless-steel seamless tube by a plug mill to verify the high performance.

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Abdullah, Allina, Afiqah Azman, and B. M. Khirulrizwan. "Optimization of Surface Roughness by Using Different Cutting Tools for Aluminum Alloy 6063." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8750.

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This research outlines an experimental study to determine the optimum parameter of cutting tool for the best surface roughness (Ra) of Aluminum Alloy (AA) 6063. For the experiment in this research, cutting parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate are used to identify the effect of both cutting tools which are tungsten carbide and cermet towards the surface roughness (Ra) of material AA6063. The machining operation involved to cut the material is turning process by using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Lathe machine. The experimental design was designed by Full Factorial. The experiment that had been conducted by the researcher is 33 with 2 replications. The total number of the experiments that had been run is 54 runs for each cutting tool. Thus, the total number of experiments for both cutting tools is 108 runs. ANOVA analysis had been analyzed to identify the significant factor that affect the Ra result. The significant factors that affect the Ra result of AA6063 are feed rate and cutting speed. The researcher used main effect plot to determine the factor that most influenced the surface roughness of AA6063, the optimum condition of surface roughness and the optimum parameter of cutting tool. The factor that most influenced the surface roughness of AA6063 is feed rate. The optimum condition of surface roughness is at the feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, cutting speed of 600 rpm and depth of cut of 0.10 mm. While the optimum parameter of cutting tool is cermet insert with the lowest value of surface roughness (Ra) result which is 0.650 μm.

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Arsecularatne, J. A., and P. Mathew. "An Optimal Tool Replacement Strategy for Computer Numerical Controlled Turning Centres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 6 (December 1995): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_112_02.

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For a computer numerical controlled (CNC) turning centre with a multi-station tool turret, this paper describes a tool replacement strategy for tools used for both rough and finish turning, boring and facing operations as well as other end operations which include drilling, grooving, threading and parting-off. The method ensures a convenient replacement strategy where tools in the machine turret are replaced after machining integer multiples of an optimum number of components. This optimum number of components is determined so that the total cost due to tools and tool changing time is minimized. An example is given to illustrate how the procedure determines the optimal tool replacement strategy. It shows that the described method can substantially reduce the number of interruptions due to tool replacements in processing a batch.

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Kamalizadeh, Saeid, Seyed Ali Niknam, Marek Balazinski, and Sylvain Turnne. "The Use of TOPSIS Method for Multi-Objective Optimization in Milling Ti-MMC." Metals 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2022): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111796.

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This paper presents the use of TOPSIS, a multi-criteria decision-making model combined with the Taguchi method to find the optimum milling parameters. TOPSIS is the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution and shows the value of closeness to the positive ideal solution. This study shows the optimum combination of process parameters using the shortest distance from the ideal solution. The surface roughness and flank tool wear were considered the objectives for simultaneous optimization. After converting multiple responses into a single response, the Taguchi method was used to analyze and determine the optimum machining parameters. According to reported studies, the initial wear behavior and initial cutting conditions have significant effects on the tool wear progress. Several initial cutting parameters can contribute to tool life and therefore can be used to improve both tool life and surface roughness. However, the cutting speed may significantly affect tool wear and ultimate tool life. In this study, an innovative solution was proposed for interrupted machining with two different cutting speeds. The first level cutting speed was used for 1 s and the second level was used for the rest of the process. The experimental results indicate that the initial speed followed by the feed rate significantly affects tool life. In addition, using the proposed strategy with different levels of cutting speed during machining operations led to improved tool life and surface roughness compared to conventional machining with uniform cutting speed throughout the entire process.

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Cai, Yukui, Zhanqiang Liu, Zhenyu Shi, Qinghua Song, and Yi Wan. "Optimum end milling tool path and machining parameters for micro Laval nozzle manufacturing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 10 (December 7, 2015): 1703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415608601.

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Cutting tool path has significant effects on the performance of micro nozzles manufactured by micro machining. Different tool paths induced different directions of surface roughness. As for it, the manufacturers need to obtain optimal cutting tool path and cutting parameters. In this article, optimum machining parameters for the fabrication of micro Laval nozzle with two different end milling tool paths are presented. First, surface roughness models for different types of cutting tool paths are proposed. A case of machined nozzle surface is then given to verify the applicability of the developed roughness model. Second, theoretical profile geometries for the Laval nozzle to be manufactured are designed. Third, the influences of surface roughness on the nozzle performance parameters including total pressure, average outlet velocity and thrust are investigated through computational fluid dynamic analysis. Simulated performance parameters are contrasted with their theoretical values. It is found that for different tool paths, the nozzle of axial tool path has larger total pressure and average outlet velocity than that of circular tool path. Moreover, with surface roughness increasing, thrust decreases obviously when surface roughness Rz is larger than 4.8 μm. Micro end milling experiments based on axial tool path are then performed, and the optimum cutting parameters are obtained. Finally, a nozzle was manufactured with the axial tool path as well as the optimized cutting parameters.

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