Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tool deposition

Academic literature on the topic 'Tool deposition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Sproul, William D. "Physical vapor deposition tool coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 81, no. 1 (May 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02616-9.

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Schwede, Donna B., Robin L. Dennis, and Mary Ann Bitz. "The Watershed Deposition Tool: A Tool for Incorporating Atmospheric Deposition in Water-Quality Analyses." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45, no. 4 (August 2009): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00340.x.

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Han, Wenbiao, Mohsen A. Jafari, Stephen C. Danforth, and Ahmad Safari. "Tool Path-Based Deposition Planning in Fused Deposition Processes." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 29, 2002): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455026.

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The fabrication of a functional part requires very high layer quality in the Fused Deposition (FD) processes. The constant deposition flow rate currently used in FD technology cannot meet this requirement, due to the varying geometries of the layers. To achieve a high quality functional part, an overfill and underfill analysis is conducted. A deposition planning approach is proposed, which is based on a grouping and mapping algorithm. Two piezoelectric test parts have been built to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
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Dienelt, J., H. Neumann, M. Kramer, F. Scholze, B. Rauschenbach, M. Nestler, A. Tarraf, and M. Schulze. "A new mask blank deposition tool." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.016.

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Zheng, You Yi, Lei Wu, and Chun Lin Zhang. "Study on Milling Testing of WC-Co Cemented Carbides Diamond Coated PCB Milling Cutters." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1449.

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Because of the complicated shape of the structural characteristics of the tool and the use of performance requirements, the tool substrate pretreatment, deposition equipment and deposition process, diamond film after film substrate adhesion test and tool evaluation has its own peculiarities. Currently, study on the complex shape of diamond coated tools At home and abroad is still in its infancy, and the further study complicated shape for the deposition of diamond coatings on cutting tools and milling properties of adhesion is even more lacking towards to complex shapes for the structural characteristics of diamond coated tool and use requirements. In this paper, it will use the WC-Co (YG6) PCB carbide cutter (STARBIDE455060, diameter 6.35mm) as the matrix material and use the milling testing of glass fiber reinforced composite to assess the adhesion of diamond coated tools and milling performance.
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Latushkina, Svetlana D., Pavel V. Rudak, Dmitri V. Kuis, Oxana G. Rudak, Olga I. Posylkina, Olga Y. Piskunova, Ján Kováč, Jozef Krilek, and Štefan Barcík. "Protective Woodcutting Tool Coatings." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 3 (2016): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664030835.

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The modern woodworking industry applies resource-saving, environmentally appropriate technologies, providing both the metal removal performance enhancement and functioning with the optimal economic factors. Progressive cutting parameters require the application of the high-reliability cutting tools, eliminating machine-tool equipment standstill and increased cost of the expensive tool materials. In this paper it is suggested to increase the wood-cutting tool efficiency by means of the vacuum-arc separated coating deposition process optimization. The droplets are one of the main problems while generating vacuum-arc coatings, and they have a bad influence on the quality and operational coatings characteristics. The application of the separated system, allowing minimize the droplets content, is one of the most promising ways to solve this problem. Vacuum-arc deposition technique was used in this work to generate multicomponent coatings. The coatings deposition was directly carried out on the modernized vacuum-arc plant, equipped by Y-shaped macroparticles separator.
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Iwaoka, Kazuki, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami, Eliza B. Enriquez, Lorna Jean H. Palad, and Reiko Kanda. "DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATION TOOL FOR RESPIRATORY TRACT DEPOSITION DEPENDING ON AEROSOLS PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2019): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz074.

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Abstract Inhalation exposures occur by inhaled radioactive nuclides depositing in the various locations in the respiratory tract (International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 66). Respiratory tract deposition depends on particle size. The sensitivity to ionising radiation is different among respiratory regions. Under actual atmospheric environments, the radionuclides attach to aerosols of various size in the atmosphere, so the particle size of radionuclides changes differently. Therefore, it is important for the estimation of health impact to calculate the respiratory tract deposition under atmospheric environment wherein the various sizes of radioactive nuclides (i.e. polydisperse particles) exists. In this study, a tool which can calculate the respiratory tract deposition on the basis of polydisperse particle size distribution was developed to estimate dose depending on variable aerosol particle sizes.
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Blank, Dave H. A., Matthijn Dekkers, and Guus Rijnders. "Pulsed laser deposition in Twente: from research tool towards industrial deposition." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, no. 3 (December 23, 2013): 034006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/3/034006.

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Yaguchi, Hiroshi, Katsuhiko Ozaki, and Masami Somekawa. "Improvement of Cutting Tool Life by AlN Deposition on the Tool." ISIJ International 44, no. 3 (2004): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.598.

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Chenrayan, Venkatesh, Chandru Manivannan, Kiran Shahapurkar, Ankit Krishna, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, and Ibrahim M. Alarifi. "Machinability Performance Investigation of TiAlN-, DLC-, and CNT-Coated Tools during Turning of Difficult-to-Cut Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (November 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9664365.

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Titanium alloy-based components are now attracted by the industries with their distinguished properties even though they are difficult to machine. The tooling industries encounter numerous problems in machining these metals like higher tool wear, huge volumes of cutting fluid consumption, and shorter tool life. The objective of this research is to enhance the surface of the cutting tool with carbon nanotube (CNT) deposition to solve the aforementioned difficulties. This research used the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to coat CNT on high-speed steel tools. Microstructural investigations were performed using a scanning electron microscope and a Raman spectroscopic technique to ensure the homogenous deposition of CNT. Additionally, scratch testing was also conducted to assess the adhesive strength of the deposited layer to the substrate. Finally, the machining performance of the CNT-coated tool was compared with commercially available diamond-like carbon (DLC) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN)-coated tools. Machining experiments conducted under three distinct cutting levels revealed that the CNT-deposited tool is appropriate for turning more challenging materials. CNT-coated tools showed substantial decreases in cutting tooltip temperature, turning forces, and tool wear compared to DLC and TiAlN-coated tools. In particular, tool life studies conducted under elevated machining circumstances recorded the enhancement in tool life as 96.3% and 26.8% in comparison with TiAlN and DLC, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Haberer, Elaine D. (Elaine Denise) 1975. "Particle generation in a chemical vapor deposition/plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition interlayer dielectric tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8992.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
The interlayer dielectric plays an important role in multilevel integration. Material choice, processing, and contamination greatly impact the performance of the layer. In this study, particle generation, deposition, and adhesion mechanisms are reviewed. In particular, four important sources of interlayer dielectric particle contamination were investigated: the cleanroom environment, improper wafer handling, the backside of the wafer, and microarcing during process.
by Elaine D. Haberer.
S.M.
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Connors, Sean Thomas. "Laser engineered net shaping deposition of M2 tool steel with Niobium additions." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406710485.

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Yang, Yu. "On-line inspection and thermal properties comparison for laser deposition process." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Yang_09007dcc803bca12.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 6, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Nasuf, Gulfem Ipek. "Carbon nanotube growth on tool steel substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559857141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes." Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-119). Also available online.
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Bao, Yaxin. "Mechanical properties and microstructure study for direct metal deposition of titanium alloy and tool steel." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Bao_09007dcc803c0daf.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Abd, Rahman M. N. "Modelling of physical vapour deposition (PVD) process on cutting tool using response surface methodology (RSM)." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cca436cf-b72b-c899-ef02-bd522b0d7ec5/1.

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The Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process is one of the widely used techniques for depositing thin film coatings on substrates for various applications such as integrated circuit fabrication, decorative coatings, and hard coatings for tooling. In the area of coatings on cutting tools, tool life can be improved drastically with the application of hard coatings. Application of coatings on cutting tools for various machining techniques, such as continuous and interrupted cutting, requires different coating characteristics, these being highly dependent on the process parameters under which they were formed. To efficiently optimise and customise the deposited coating characteristics, PVD process modelling using RSM methodology was proposed. The aim of this research is to develop a PVD magnetron sputtering process model which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and resultant coating characteristics and performance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, this being one of the most practical and cost effective techniques to develop a process model. Even though RSM has been used for the optimisation of the sputtering process, published RSM modelling work on the application of hard coating process on cutting tool is lacking. This research investigated the deposition of TiAlN coatings onto tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts using PVD magnetron sputtering process. The input parameters evaluated were substrate temperature, substrate bias voltage, and sputtering power; the out put responses being coating hardness, coating roughness, and flank wear (coating performance). In addition to that, coating microstructures were investigated to explain the behaviour of the developed model. Coating microstructural phenomena assessed were; crystallite grain size, XRD peak intensity ratio I111/I200 and atomic number percentage ratio of Al/Ti. Design Expert 7.0.3 software was used for the RSM analysis. Three process models (hardness, roughness, performance) were successfully developed and validated. The modelling validation runs were within the 90% prediction interval of the developed models and their residual errors compared to the predicted values were less than 10%. The models were also qualitatively validated by justifying the behaviour of the output responses (hardness, roughness, and flank wear) and microstructures (Al/Ti ratio, crystallographic peak ratio I111/1200, and grain size) with respect to the variation of the input variables based on the published work by researchers and practitioners in this field. The significant parameters that influenced the coating hardness, roughness, and performance (flank wear) were also identified. Coating hardness was influenced by the substrate bias voltage, sputtering power, and substrate temperature; coating roughness was influenced by sputtering power and substrate bias; and coating performance was influenced by substrate bias. The analysis also discovered that there was a significant interaction between the substrate temperature and the sputtering power which significantly influenced coating hardness, roughness, and performance; this interaction phenomenon has not been reported in previously published literature. The correlation study between coating characteristics, microstructures and the coating performance (flank wear) suggested that the coating performance correlated most significantly to the coating hardness with Pearson coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.7311. The study also suggested some correlation between coating performance with atomic percentage ratio of Al/Ti and grain size with R2 value of 0.4762 and 0.4109 respectively.
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Madugula, Sashi Kiran. "Development of a Numerical Tool to Optimise the Infill Structure of Part Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling." Thesis, Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0002.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un outil numérique pour optimiser la structure interne des pièces imprimées en 3D produites par le procédé dépôt de fil fondu (DFF). En impression 3D, le terme remplissage fait référence à la structure interne de la pièce. Pour créer la conception de remplissage, un logiciel de tranchage est utilisé, qui crée généralement le remplissage uniformément dans toute la pièce. Lorsqu'une telle pièce est soumise à une charge externe, toutes les régions de remplissage ne subiront pas la même quantité de contrainte. Par conséquent, l'utilisation d'un remplissage uniforme dans toute la pièce n'est pas la solution la plus optimisée en termes d'utilisation des matériaux. Nous visons à développer un outil numérique pour faire évoluer la conception du remplissage par rapport aux contraintes mécaniques générées par les charges externes. Pour y parvenir, nous proposons deux méthodologies différentes basées sur un processus itératif utilisant des techniques de raffinement et de remaillage couplées à la simulation par éléments finis (simulation EF) pour contrôler la structure interne de la pièce sans modifier le contour. Ces méthodologies visent à renforcer le remplissage de la pièce sans modifier le contour, dans la zone où la résistance mécanique doit être améliorée pour renforcer la structure, mais aussi à diminuer la quantité de matière pour réduire le temps d'impression
The objective of this thesis is to develop a numerical tool to optimise the internal structure of 3D printed parts produced by the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process. In 3D printing, the term infill refers to the internal structure of the part. To create the infill design, slicing software is used, which generally creates the infill uniformly throughout the part. When such a part is subjected to external loading, not all the infill regions will experience the same amount of stress. Therefore, using uniform infill throughout the part is not the most optimised solution in terms of material usage. We aim to develop a numerical tool to evolve the infill design with respect to the mechanical stresses generated by the external loads. To achieve this, we propose two different methodologies based on an iterative process using refinement technique and remeshing techniques coupled to Finite Element simulation (FE simulation) to control the internal structure of the part without changing the contour. These methodologies aim to reinforce the infill of the part without changing the contour, in the area where the mechanical strength must be improved to strengthen the structure, but also to decrease the amount of material to reduce the printing time
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Gould, Parker Andrew. "Design, fabrication, and characterization of an ultra-low cost inductively-coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition tool for micro- and nanofabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122561.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 223-232).
The high cost of semiconductor fabrication equipment has traditionally represented a large barrier to entry for groups seeking to develop or commercialize novel micro- and nanoscale devices. Much of the cost barrier stems from the large size of the substrates processed in this equipment, and the associated complexity of maintaining consistent operation across the full substrate area. By scaling the substrate size down from the 150-300 mm diameter sizes commonly seen in today's production environments, the capital cost and physical footprint of tools for micro- and nanoscale fabrication can be dramatically decreased, while still retaining a similarly high level of performance. In this work, an ultra-low cost inductively-coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICPCVD) system for processing substrates up to 50.8 mm (2") in diameter is presented. The ICPCVD system is built within a modular vacuum tool architecture that allows sections of the full tool to be easily and inexpensively replaced to adapt to new processing conditions or provide additional functionality. The system uses a non-pyrophoric mixture of silane (1.5% in helium) and low substrate temperatures ( : 150*C) to deposit uniform silicon-based films with a high quality comparable to films deposited in research-grade commercial tools. Using response surface methods, the performance of the ICP-CVD system has been characterized for both silicon dioxide and silicon nitride films, and repeatable control of the deposited film properties, including deposition rate, index of refraction, film stress, and density, has been demonstrated.
by Parker Andrew Gould.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Blom, Ricky J. "Production and evaluation of rapid tooling for electric discharge machining using electroforming and spray metal deposition techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16014/1/Ricky_Blom_Thesis.pdf.

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To survive in today's manufacturing environments companies must push the standards of accuracy and speed to the highest levels possible. Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) has been used for over 50 years and recent developments have seen the use of EDM become much more viable. The goal of this research is to produce and evaluate electrodes produced by different manufacturing methods. The use of electroforming and spray-metal deposition has only recently become viable methods of producing usable rapid tooling components. The speed and accuracy as well as the cost of manufacture play a vital role in the tool and mould manufacturing process. Electroforming and spray-metal deposition offer an alternate option to traditional machining of electrodes. Electroforming is one method of producing electrodes for EDM. The fact that electroforming can be used to produce multiple electrodes simultaneously gives it the advantage of saving on costs when multiple electrodes are needed. Spray-metal deposition offers another alternative that is much cheaper and relatively faster to manufacture. The used of these non-traditional manufacturing methods in this research are compared to the performance of traditional solid electrodes in terms of machining time, material removal rate, tool wear rates and surface roughness at several standard machining settings. The results of this research are presented in this thesis along with conclusions and comments on the performance of the different methods of electrode manufacture. The major findings of the research include the solid electrodes performed better than the electroformed electrodes in Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), and Surface Roughness (Ra) at all machine settings. However it was found that the production cost of the solid electrodes was six times that of the electroformed electrodes. The production of spray metal electrodes was unsuccessful. The electrode shell walls were not an even thickness and the backing material broke through the shell making them unusable. It is concluded that with further refinements and research, electroforming and spray metal processes will become an extremely competitive method in electrode manufacture and other rapid tooling processes.
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Blom, Ricky J. "Production and Evaluation of Rapid Tooling for Electric Discharge Machining using Electroforming and Spray Metal Deposition Techniques." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16014/.

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To survive in today's manufacturing environments companies must push the standards of accuracy and speed to the highest levels possible. Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) has been used for over 50 years and recent developments have seen the use of EDM become much more viable. The goal of this research is to produce and evaluate electrodes produced by different manufacturing methods. The use of electroforming and spray-metal deposition has only recently become viable methods of producing usable rapid tooling components. The speed and accuracy as well as the cost of manufacture play a vital role in the tool and mould manufacturing process. Electroforming and spray-metal deposition offer an alternate option to traditional machining of electrodes. Electroforming is one method of producing electrodes for EDM. The fact that electroforming can be used to produce multiple electrodes simultaneously gives it the advantage of saving on costs when multiple electrodes are needed. Spray-metal deposition offers another alternative that is much cheaper and relatively faster to manufacture. The used of these non-traditional manufacturing methods in this research are compared to the performance of traditional solid electrodes in terms of machining time, material removal rate, tool wear rates and surface roughness at several standard machining settings. The results of this research are presented in this thesis along with conclusions and comments on the performance of the different methods of electrode manufacture. The major findings of the research include the solid electrodes performed better than the electroformed electrodes in Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), and Surface Roughness (Ra) at all machine settings. However it was found that the production cost of the solid electrodes was six times that of the electroformed electrodes. The production of spray metal electrodes was unsuccessful. The electrode shell walls were not an even thickness and the backing material broke through the shell making them unusable. It is concluded that with further refinements and research, electroforming and spray metal processes will become an extremely competitive method in electrode manufacture and other rapid tooling processes.
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Books on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Belaud, Gilles. Modeling of sediment transport in irrigation canals of Pakistan, examples of application: Definition of a simple simulation tool ... Lahore: In collaboration with International Sedimentation Research Institute Pakistan (ISRIP), 1996.

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Belaud, Gilles. Modeling of sediment transport in irrigation canals of Pakistan, examples of application: Definition of a simple simulation tool ... Lahore: In collaboration with International Sedimentation Research Institute Pakistan (ISRIP), 1996.

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Ahmed, Waqar, Htet Sein, Mark J. Jackson, Christopher Rego, David A. Phoenix, Abdelbary Elhissi, and St John Crean. Chemical Vapour Deposition of Diamond for Dental Tools and Burs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00648-2.

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Ross, Howard P. Managing discovery in commercial and business litigation: Tools, techniques, and strategies. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, General Practice Section, 1993.

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Gordon, J. D. Evaluation of candidate rain gages for upgrading precipitation measurement tools for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Chemical vapor deposition fluid flow simulation modelling tool. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Chemical Vapor Deposition Fluid Flow Simulation Modelling Tool. Independently Published, 2018.

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Kuypers, Dirk R. J., and Morie A. Gertz. Light-chain deposition disease. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0154_update_001.

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Light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by extracellular tissue deposition of non-amyloid monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (predominantly kappa light chains) in various organs including kidneys, heart, and liver. It is a rare cause of renal insufficiency. In two-thirds of cases it is associated with multiple myeloma, while in the remainder their monoclonal B cell proliferation does not meet the criteria for that diagnosis.Renal involvement occurs almost invariably and dominates the clinical course of the disease: greater than 90% of patients with LCDD have renal functional impairment; acute or rapidly progressive kidney failure usually develops over a period of months. Nephrotic-range proteinuria is present in 40–50% of patients while approximately 20% of patients develop nephrotic syndrome. Arterial hypertension and microscopic haematuria can be present. Extrarenal symptoms are related to affected organs with cardiomyopathy, cachexia, haemorrhages, infections, and MM progression as main causes of death.The diagnosis of LCDD is often delayed and whilst bone marrow examination will often identify associated MM, renal biopsy frequently provides the final diagnostic proof. Abnormal light chains can be detected and quantified by serum or urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Quantification of urine and serum free kappa/lambda light chains has proven a useful screening tool and might also plays a role in therapeutic monitoring.Treatment consists of chemotherapy directed against the monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Numerical modeling tools for chemical vapor deposition. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Numerical Modeling Tools for Chemical Vapor Deposition. Independently Published, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Vilar, R., R. Colaço, and A. Almeida. "Laser Surface Treatment of Tool Steels." In Laser Processing: Surface Treatment and Film Deposition, 453–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0197-1_23.

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Fjellheim, Arne, Åsmund Tysse, and Vilhelm Bjerknes. "Fish Stomachs as a Biomonitoring Tool in Studies of Invertebrate Recovery." In Acid Rain - Deposition to Recovery, 293–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5885-1_32.

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Chergui, Akram, Nicolas Beraud, Frédéric Vignat, and François Villeneuve. "Finite Element Modeling and Validation of Metal Deposition in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_11.

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AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing allows the production of metallic parts by depositing beads of weld metal using arc-welding technologies. This low-cost additive manufacturing technology has the ability to manufacture large-scale parts at a high deposition rate. However, the quality of the obtained parts is greatly affected by the various thermal phenomena present during the manufacturing process. Numerical simulation remains an effective tool for studying such phenomena. In this work, a new finite element technique is proposed in order to model metal deposition in WAAM process. This technique allows to gradually construct the mesh representing the deposited regions along the deposition path. The heat source model proposed by Goldak is adapted and combined with the proposed metal deposition technique taking into account the energy distribution between filler material and the molten pool. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by series of experiments, of which an example is detailed in this paper.
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Adamczyk, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Jaszczółt, Aneta Michna, Maria Zembala, and Jakub Barbasz. "Particle Deposition as a Tool for Studying Hetero-Interactions." In Colloid Stability, 247–311. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631094.ch9.

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Adamczyk, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Jaszczółt, Aneta Michna, Maria Zembala, and Jakub Barbasz. "Particle Deposition as a Tool for Studying Hetero-Interactions." In Colloid Stability, 247–311. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631193.ch24.

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Hatziapostolou, A., I. Zergioti, E. Hontzopoulos, A. Zervaki, and G. Haidemenopoulos. "Process Control of Laser Chemical Vapour Deposition of TiC on Tool Steel." In Laser Processing: Surface Treatment and Film Deposition, 703–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0197-1_36.

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Macgregor-Ramiasa, M. N., and K. Vasilev. "Plasma Polymer Deposition: A Versatile Tool for Stem Cell Research." In Advanced Surfaces for Stem Cell Research, 199–232. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119242642.ch8.

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Pervaiz, Salman, and Wael Abdel Samad. "Tool Wear Mechanisms of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) TiAlN Coated Tools Under Vegetable Oil Based Lubrication." In Mechanics of Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, Volume 9, 101–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62834-9_14.

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Craig, Owen, Riley Roache, and Kevin Plucknett. "Microstructural Characterization of Pack-Borided H13 Tool Steel Processed Using Directed Energy Deposition." In Proceedings of the 61st Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2022, 29–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17425-4_6.

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Ravi Raja Malar Vannan, R., T. V. Moorthy, P. Hariharan, and B. K. Gnanavel. "Effect of Physical Vapour Deposition Coatings on High Speed Steel Single Point Cutting Tool." In Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering, 1–5. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Kurup, Anjushri Sreedh, Jill S. Buckley, Jianxin Wang, Hariprasad J. Subramani, Jefferson Louis Creek, and Walter G. Chapman. "Asphaltene Deposition Tool: Field Case Application Protocol." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/23347-ms.

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Maseeh, Fariborz. "MEMaterial: a new microelectronic material deposition tool." In Microelectronic Manufacturing, edited by Anant G. Sabnis. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.186783.

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Guo, Qixin, Mitsuhiro Nishio, and Hiroshi Ogawa. "Tungsten thin films deposition on tool steel substrates." In 4th International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications, edited by Junhao Chu, Pulin Liu, and Yong Chang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.408473.

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Kriese, Michael D., James L. Wood, James R. Rodriguez, Gary Fournier, David L. Thompson, David Mercer, Jason A. Gass, and Dale E. Mauldin. "Initial capability of new photomask-blank deposition tool." In Photomask and Next Generation Lithography Mask Technology X, edited by Hiroyoshi Tanabe. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.504179.

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Kriese, Michael D., James R. Rodriguez, Yuriy Y. Platonov, and James L. Wood. "Initial results of new photomask-blank deposition tool." In Photomask Technology, edited by Kurt R. Kimmel and Wolfgang Staud. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.518314.

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Urbanic, Ruth Jill, and Bob Hedrick. "Additive Manufacturing Bead Deposition Based Rotary Tool Path Applications." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86461.

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Additive manufacturing layer-based solution approaches have been applied for several technologies and systems. Process planning solutions are being developed for planar applications, but rotary applications can benefit from an additive manufacturing ‘rotary layering’ strategy as well. There are systems that have been developed to coat pipes and other rotationally symmetric components, and there are multi-axis applications that would require rotary-like tool paths. Developing and exploring additive rotary tool path applications is the focus of this research. These initial solutions will be applicable for direct energy deposition and thermal spraying models. AM rotary proof of concept tool paths are developed using a commercial CAD/CAM software, and a software development kit (SDK). Selected case studies are presented, with varying levels of geometric complexity.
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Rabinski, Marek, and Krzysztof Zdunek. "Modeling of Flow Phenomena During the Impulse Plasma Deposition Process." In EUROCON 2007. International Conference on "Computer as a Tool". IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2007.4400588.

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Catani, L., A. Cianchi, D. Di Giovenale, J. Lorkiewicz, V. Merlo, R. Polini, C. Granata, et al. "Deposition and Characterisation of Niobium Films for SRF Cavity Application." In EUROCON 2007 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool". IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2007.4400658.

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Ori, Ricardo I., Fumihiro Itoigawa, Shinya Hayakawa, Takashi Nakamura, and Shun-ichiro Tanaka. "Micro-EDM Deposition Alloying Process." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61767.

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A new deposition alloying process using Micro-EDM was developed. Using the energy released by the electrical discharge, material from the tool electrode is melted and deposited over the work surface. When a rotating bi-metal tool electrode is fed towards the work surface, the alloying between its elements occurs during process. The obtained results of the alloying between nickel and iron are presented in the present paper, when the components of the bi-metal tool electrode are made of YNi-1 (nickel alloy used in TIG welding — JIS standard) and medium carbon steel (S45C — JIS standard). X-ray and EDS analysis have shown that the chemical composition of the obtained deposit can be controlled and is proportional to the cross sectional area of each element present in the bi-metal electrode. With this process, a material with the same composition of Invar was successfully deposited.
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Renaud, Anderson, Jianwen Hu, Feng Qin, and Kevin Chou. "Numerical Simulations of 3D Tool Geometry Effects on Deposition Stresses in Diamond Coated Cutting Tools." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72204.

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Diamond-coated cutting tools are attractive alternatives to polycrystalline diamond tools for machining lightweight, high-strength components made of advanced materials such as composites. However, residual stresses induced by the diamond deposition process, due to thermal mismatch between diamond and the substrate, significantly impact the coating-substrate adhesion, and thus, the tool performance in machining. Moreover, the tool geometry, particularly at the very tip, complicates the stress fields because of the sharp geometry changes. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of critical tool geometry parameters on the residual stress augmentations in diamond coated cutting tools. In this study, computer-aided design (CAD) software was used to create the solid model of various tool geometries. It was used to create an accurate model of the tool, which emulates each aspect of the tool geometry, e.g., as small as 5-micron edge radius on a 12.7-mm tool. The solid model was then exported to finite element analysis (FEA) software for 3D simulations of residual stresses generated in the tool with given deposition conditions. The obtained stress data was transformed to evaluate the interface stress profiles around the tool edges. To systematically investigate the tool geometry effects, a test matrix, determined using the design of experiments approach, includes 4 factors (edge radius, relief angle, corner radius, and corner angle) and 2 levels with a full factorial design. Analysis of variance was performed to quantitatively reveal the significant factors and interactions between the factors that dominate the stress concentrations. Results are summarized as follows. (1) The cutting edge radius is the most significant factor to the interface stresses. (2) For a 5 μm edge radius, the radial normal stress (σΓ) increases from 0 at the top uniform surface to about 1.5 GPa in tension, and the circumferential normal stress (σθ) increases from around 3.0 GPa in compression to over 3.7 GPa. (3) The corner radius is of secondary importance to σΓ, and the relief angle is of secondary importance to σθ.
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Reports on the topic "Tool deposition"

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Haehnel, Robert, Yonghu Wenren, and Luke Allen. SAGE-PEDD theory manual : modeling windblown snow deposition around buildings. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44942.

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Numerical modeling of snowdrifting is a useful tool for assessing the impact of building design on operations and facility maintenance. Here we outline the theory for the SAGE-PEDD snowdrift model that has application for determining snowdrift accumulation around buildings. This model uses the SAGE computational fluid dynamics code to determine the flow field in the computational domain. A particle entrainment, dispersion, and deposition (PEDD) model is coupled to SAGE to simulate the movement and deposition of the snow within the computational domain. The report also outlines areas of future development that upgrades to the SAGE-PEDD model should address.
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Kingston, A. W., and O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (>140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.
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Turner, E. C. Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin, northern Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321825.

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The unmetamorphosed and nearly undeformed late Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin on northern Baffin Island exhibits sag, rift, and foreland-basin-like phases. A thin, partly subaqueous basal basalt is overlain by mature shallow-marine quartz arenite, upward-deepening siltstone and shale (marking the beginning of rifting), a complex suite of rift-delineated carbonate units containing two dramatic internal unconformities, and a flysch-molasse-like succession containing evidence of sediment derivation from the Grenville Orogen. Geochronological data indicate that deposition of most of the succession took place ca. 1100 to 1050 Ma. One of the carbonate intervals, Nanisivik Formation, is the main host of regional Zn-Pb showings including the past-producing Nanisivik orebody, which formed in the late Mesoproterozoic from low-temperature fluids, and which was emplaced under strong structural and stratigraphic controls. Minimal postdepositional deformation is limited to the emplacement of mafic dykes ca. 720 Ma and repeated reactivation of basement-rooted normal faults.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.

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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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Evaluation of candidate rain gages for upgrading precipitation measurement tools for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024302.

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