Journal articles: 'Tongue pressure measurement'

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Mizuhashi, Fumi, Kaoru Koide, Shuji Toya, and Tomoko Nashida. "Measurement of Oral Moisture on Oral Dryness Patients." Geriatrics 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5020028.

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Many elderly patients have oral dryness; thus, it is necessary to evaluate the oral moisture in a clinical setting. The aim of this study was to clarify the importance of controlling the measuring pressure of the oral moisture-checking device. The influence of the measuring pressure of the oral moisture-checking device was examined using agar under 10 measuring pressure conditions (Kruskal–Wallis test). Fifty-five oral dryness patients were examined the lingual moisture using the device with and without a tongue depressor. The tongue depressor was placed underneath the tongue to support it during the measurement. The mean value and the coefficient of variation of five measurements was evaluated (paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). The agar moisture values changed according to the measuring pressure (p < 0.05). The lingual moisture value with the tongue depressor was higher than that without the tongue depressor (p < 0.05). The coefficient of variation with the tongue depressor was smaller than that without the tongue depressor (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicated that the measuring pressure of oral moisture-checking device influenced the measurement value, and it is necessary to support the tongue for the measurement of lingual mucosal moisture in a uniform manner.

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Funami, Takahiro. "Tongue pressure measurement in food science." Current Opinion in Food Science 9 (June 2016): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2016.04.003.

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Yang, Hui, Peiquan Yu, Jun Xu, Cunlie Ying, Wenbing Cao, Yingdong Wang, Zuchao Zhu, and Yikun Wei. "Experimental investigations on the performance and noise characteristics of a forward-curved fan with the stepped tongue." Measurement and Control 52, no. 9-10 (October 19, 2019): 1480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019877482.

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This work presents an experimental study to investigate the influence of step volute tongue on aerodynamic performance and aeroacoustic behavior of a forward-curved fan. The noise characteristics are analyzed and controlled based on measured acoustic pressures for various stepped tongues; meanwhile, fan performance is detected and optimized. The design parameters of the stepped tongues are presented to provide significant physical insight into increasing the static pressure as well as the efficiency of static pressure and reducing the fan noise generation. The comparison of the test results indicates that the improved static pressure and its efficiency of the HLHL model have increased by 15.67 Pa and 3.57%, respectively, by comparing with those of the baseline model. At 740 m3/h, a great correlation between different arrays of stepped tongue and the noise generation was observed. The tonal noise level of the HLHL model is a better optimization scheme because it decreases as much as 1.2 dB for the noise generation of forward-curved fan. In particular, it is found that some stepped tongues of the volute tongue achieved the goal of reducing noise generation and improving the performance of fan by experimental measurement at the same time.

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Shieh, Wann-Yun, Chin-Man Wang, Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng, and Titilianty Ignatia Imbang. "Noninvasive Measurement of Tongue Pressure and Its Correlation with Swallowing and Respiration." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082603.

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Tongue pressure plays a critical role in the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing, contributing considerably to bolus formation and manipulation as well as to safe transporting of food from the mouth to the stomach. Smooth swallowing relies not only on effective coordination of respiration and pharynx motions but also on sufficient tongue pressure. Conventional methods of measuring tongue pressure involve attaching a pressure sheet to the hard palate to monitor the force exerted by the tongue tip against the hard palate. In this study, an air bulb was inserted in the anterior oral cavity to monitor the pressure exerted by the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue. The air bulb was integrated into a noninvasive, multisensor approach to evaluate the correlation of the tongue pressure with other swallowing responses, such as respiratory nasal flow, submental muscle movement, and thyroid cartilage excursion. An autodetection program was implemented for the automatic identification of swallowing patterns and parameters from each sensor. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method is sensitive in measuring the tongue pressure, and the tongue pressure was found to have a strong positive correlation with the submental muscle movement during swallowing.

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Utanohara, Yuri, Ryo Hayashi, Mineka Yoshikawa, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida, Kazuhiro Tsuga, and Yasumasa Akagawa. "Standard Values of Maximum Tongue Pressure Taken Using Newly Developed Disposable Tongue Pressure Measurement Device." Dysphagia 23, no. 3 (June 24, 2008): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9142-z.

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Nishi, Eri, Ryosuke Okuda, Katsuyuki Hiraoka, Satoshi Nagai, and Katsuhisa Rikoh. "Pressure Distribution Measurement System of Infant Tongue Sucking." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 138, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.138.1327.

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Takada, Jun-ichi, Takashi Ono, Shigeki Takahashi, Ei-ichi Honda, and Tohru Kurabayashi. "Changes in Horizontal Jaw Position and Intraoral Pressure." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021207-69.1.

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Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of an imbalance in buccolingual pressure that may be involved in molar dental compensation in the mandible and asymmetry of the dental arch in subjects with facial asymmetry. Materials and Methods: We performed simultaneous measurement of the buccolingual pressure on the mandibular right first molar when subjects without facial asymmetry experimentally shifted the mandible laterally. Buccolingual pressures in the rest position (RP), right-shifted position (RS), and left-shifted position (LS) were compared. Moreover, T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in RP, RS, and LS. Results: Tongue pressure tended to decrease in the order LS > RP > RS, while cheek pressure tended to increase in the order LS < RP < RS. The tongue/cheek pressure ratio tended to decrease in the order LS > RP > RS. There were significant positive (in RS) and negative (in LS) correlations between displacement of the tongue and tongue pressure. Conclusions: This imbalance in buccolingual pressures in the laterally-shifted mandibular position may partly explain molar dental compensation in the mandible and asymmetry of the dental arch in subjects with facial asymmetry.

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Koshi, N., J. Magara, S. Sakai, T. Suzuki, T. Tsujimura, and M. Inoue. "Electromyographic analysis of hyoid muscles during tongue pressure measurement." Journal of Japanese Society of Stomatognathic Function 24, no. 1 (2017): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7144/sgf.24.34.

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Azevedo, N. D., J. C. Lima, R. M. M. M. Furlan, and A. R. Motta. "Tongue pressure measurement in children with mouth-breathing behaviour." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 45, no. 8 (June 10, 2018): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12653.

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Yoshikawa, Mineka, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida, Kazuhiro Tsuga, Yasumasa Akagawa, and Michael E. Groher. "Comparison of Three Types of Tongue Pressure Measurement Devices." Dysphagia 26, no. 3 (July 11, 2010): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-010-9291-3.

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Miyata, Hidemasa, Ryouji Tani, Shigeaki Toratani, and Tetsuji Okamoto. "Effects of Tongue Pressure on Cerebral Blood Volume Dynamics: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020296.

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Tongue pressure measurement (TPM) is an indicator of oral function. However, the association between tongue pressure and cerebral activation remains unclear. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the correlation between cerebral cortex activation and tongue pressure stimulation against the anterior palatal mucosa. We measured voluntary maximum tongue pressure (MTP) using a TPM device; a pressure value of approximately 60% of the MTP was used for the experimental tongue pressure (MTP60%). We examined the effect of oral functional tongue pressure stimulation against the anterior palatal mucosa on cerebral activation using NIRS in 13 adults. Tongue pressure stimulation caused significant changes in cerebral blood flow in some areas compared with controls (p < 0.05). We performed a correlation analysis (p < 0.05) between MTP60% and changes in oxygenated hemoglobin in all 47 NIRS channels. MTP60% triggered activation of the right somatosensory motor area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and deactivation of the anterior prefrontal cortex (APFC). TPM balloon-probe insertion in the oral cavity activated the bilateral somatosensory motor area and deactivated the wide area of the APFC. Moreover, MTP60% via the TPM balloon probe activated the bilateral somatosensory and motor cortex areas. Tongue pressure stimulation changes cerebral blood flow, and NIRS is useful in investigating the relationship between oral stimulation and brain function.

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Yifei, Chen, Xia Rongfei, and Feng Yongjian. "Sensor for Tongue-pressure Measurement Based on Extreme Learning Machine." Sensors and Materials 30, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2018.1966.

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Niikawa, Takuya, Chika Hagino, Eri Nishi, Ryosuke Kawachi, Kotaro Minato, and Yoshinobu Takada. "Measurement of tongue-artificial nipple contact pressure during infant sucking." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 4, 2012): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.21715.

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Siddique, Farhana, Saranya M, Saranya Christabell M, and Prema S. "Design and Implementation of Wireless Rehabilitation Aid for Tongue Disorders." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942576/ijpbe-v4i1p102.

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The tongue is a muscular hydrostat which is a part of oral cavity. The interaction of tongue with palate is essential for articulation of speech and swallowing of food. Patients with neurological disorders have impaired speech and swallowing problem. In this work, a device is envisioned to provide a non-invasive rehabilitation aid for speech and swallowing disorders. The proposed device serves as both diagnostic and therapeutic tool. The parameters of the proposed device are tongue pressure measurement and tongue color detection along with neuromodulation stimulator (tongue stimulator – therapeutic aid). The output, which is a waveform (tongue pressure) and an image (tongue color) are transmitted wirelessly outside the oral cavity to the computer. This device is used to investigate and quantify the degree of tongue disorder. Periodic rehabilitation therapies along with the proposed device, increases the chances of recovery of functional tongue disorders by 50% within a short interval of time.

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Sasaki, Yumi, Masatoshi Otsugu, Hidekazu Sasaki, Naho Fujikawa, Rena Okawa, Takafumi Kato, and Kazuhiko Nakano. "Relationship between Dental Occlusion and Maximum Tongue Pressure in Preschool Children Aged 4–6 Years." Children 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9020141.

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Tongue function is regarded as a primary factor in the etiology of malocclusion, but details of the relationship remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate maximum tongue pressure, in preschool children to examine its relationship with dental occlusion. A total of 477 healthy children (248 boys, 229 girls, aged 4–6 years) were recruited. Dental occlusion was assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Maximum tongue pressure was measured using a balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device. Additionally, 72 children (37 boys, 35 girls, aged 4–5 years) were recruited for a 1-year follow-up study. Approximately half of the children (53.5%) showed some type of malocclusion in the present study. Maximum tongue pressure was highest in the 6-year-old children. The results of a two-way ANCOVA show that the effect of age was significant (p < 0.001); however, the effects of sex and dental occlusion, or the interactions among these variables, did not reach significance. Additionally, maximum tongue pressure increased significantly in the 1-year follow-up study (p < 0.001), especially in the normal occlusion group. Maximum tongue pressure increases markedly with growth in the preschool years and can be associated with some types of malocclusion in preschool children.

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Nakamori, Masahiro, Kenichi Ishikawa, Eiji Imamura, Haruna Yamamoto, Keiko Kimura, Tomoko Ayukawa, Tatsuya Mizoue, and Shinichi Wakabayashi. "Relationship between tongue pressure and dysphagia diet in patients with acute stroke." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252837.

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A dysphagia diet is important for patients with stroke to help manage their nutritional state and prevent aspiration pneumonia. Tongue pressure measurement is a simple, non-invasive, and objective method for diagnosing dysphagia. We hypothesized that tongue pressure may be useful in making a choice of diet for patients with acute stroke. Using balloon-type equipment, tongue pressure was measured in 80 patients with acute stroke. On admission, a multidisciplinary swallowing team including doctors, nurses, speech therapists, and management dietitians evaluated and decided on the possibility of oral intake and diet form; the tongue pressure was unknown to the team. Diet form was defined and classified as dysphagia diet Codes 0 to 4 and normal form (Code 5 in this study) according to the 2013 Japanese Dysphagia Diet Criteria. In multivariate analysis, only tongue pressure was significantly associated with the dysphagia diet form (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that the optimal cutoff tongue pressure for predicting diet Codes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 3.6 (p<0.001, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.997), 9.6 (p<0.001, AUC = 0.973), 12.8 (p<0.001, AUC = 0.963), 16.5 (p<0.001, AUC = 0.979), and 17.3 kPa (p<0.001, AUC = 0.982), respectively. Tongue pressure is one of the sensitive indicators for choosing dysphagia diet forms in patients with acute stroke. A combination of simple modalities will increase the accuracy of the swallowing assessment and choice of the diet form.

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Yokoi, Aya, Daisuke Ekuni, Reiko Yamanaka, and Manabu Morita. "PS02.231: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGE IN TONGUE PRESSURE AND PNEUMONIA AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.231.

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Abstract Background Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is a highly invasive procedure with several serious postoperative complications, including pneumonia. It is commonly accepted that deteriorated swallowing function causes postoperative pneumonia. However, measurement to evaluate swallowing function related to postoperative pneumonia has not been developed. Recently, it became possible to measure tongue pressure using a non-invasive, easy and portable device. We hypothesized that tongue pressure relates to postoperative pneumonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between change in tongue pressure and pneumonia after esophagectomy among inpatients with esophageal cancer. Methods Fifty-eight inpatients (39 males and 19 females; 33–77 years old) who underwent esophagectomy participated in this study. Measurement of tongue pressure was performed using a portable device before esophagectomy (baseline) and at postoperative 1 and 2 weeks. Repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was also performed to evaluate swallowing function at the same time. Pneumonia was postoperatively diagnosed by the chest X-ray, white blood count, body temperature and purulent sputum. The data of general and oral conditions were collected from medical and dental records. Data also included sex, age, type of cancer, cancer stage (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology ICD-10 version 2015), type of operation (thoracotomy or thoracoscopy), type of preoperative chemotherapy, surgical duration, amount of bleeding during surgery, type of reconstruction, incidences of postoperative complications, intubation period, body temperature, blood chemical analysis, health behaviors and oral condition. Differences in parameters between the pneumonia (+ ) group (n = 10) and pneumonia (-) group (n = 48) were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square test. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Tongue pressure significantly decreased after esophagectomy (P < 0.05). The decrease in tongue pressure, age, amount of bleeding during surgery, length of fasting days, the ratio of thoracotomy and aspiration in the pneumonia (+ ) group were significantly greater than those in the pneumonia (-) group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The decrease in tongue pressure was related to the incidence of pneumonia after esophagectomy among inpatients with esophageal cancer. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Shitara, S., S. Fujiwara, J. Okawa, S. Kodama, K. Hori, and T. Ono. "Evaluation of lingual function by tongue pressure measurement and motion capture system." Journal of Japanese Society of Stomatognathic Function 24, no. 2 (2018): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7144/sgf.24.136.

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Ono, Takahiro, Kazuhiro Hori, Ken-ichi Tamine, Naoko Shiroshita, Jugo Kondoh, and Yoshinobu Maeda. "Application of Tongue Pressure Measurement to Rehabilitation of Dysphagic Patients with Prosthesis." Prosthodontic Research & Practice 7, no. 2 (2008): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2186/prp.7.240.

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Tsukahara, Satoshi, Kazuhiko Sasagawa, Masashi Sugisaki, and Ikuko Takakura. "A112 Measurement System for Contact Pressure between Tongue and Plate in Swallowing." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2012.23 (2012): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2012.23.23.

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Yoshikawa, Mineka. "Tongue Pressure Measurement for Supporting the Dental Prosthetic Treatment in Super Aging Society." Annals of Japan Prosthodontic Society 5, no. 2 (2013): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2186/ajps.5.145.

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OSATO, Yasuhiko, Kazuhiko SASAGAWA, Kotaro YOKOYAMA, and Eiichi SAITOH. "904 Development of Measurement System of Contact Pressure between Tongue and Oral Cavity." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2008.6 (2008): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.6.0_133.

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Yoshikawa, Mineka, Tatsuyuki Fukuoka, Takahiro Mori, Aya Hiraoka, Chiaki Higa, Azusa Kuroki, Chiho Takeda, Mariko Maruyama, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida, and Kazuhiro Tsuga. "Comparison of the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and JMS tongue pressure measurement device." Journal of Dental Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.06.005.

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Fukuoka, Tatsuyuki, Takahiro Ono, Kazuhiro Hori, Yosuke Wada, Yuki Uchiyama, Shuhei Kasama, Hiroo Yoshikawa, and Kazuhisa Domen. "Tongue Pressure Measurement and Videofluoroscopic Study of Swallowing in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Dysphagia 34, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-018-9916-5.

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Shao, Chun Lei, Bo Qin Gu, and Ye Chen. "Green Pump Development Based on the Analysis of Unsteady Flow." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.643.

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Centrifugal pump is a kind of important industrial installation for fluid delivery. The research on the unsteady flow in centrifugal pump is very meaningful to reducing vibration. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and test pump designed for PIV measurement were introduced. The experimental scheme and the methods of numerical simulation were discussed. PIV technique was used to measure the unsteady velocity field near the volute tongue under the mode of external synchronization. The unsteady pressure field was simulated by using Sliding Mesh (SM) model provided by Fluent. The results show that the velocity and pressure fluctuate periodically with the rotation of impeller. Partial fluid flows back to the impeller passage and the velocity in the inlet of diffusion tube decreases significantly due to shunt effect of the volute tongue. On the section VIII, the magnitude and fluctuation range of velocity show a decreasing trend in radial direction. The fluctuation of circumferential velocity is related to the position of high-speed flow in impeller passage, and the fluctuation of radial velocity is influenced by blade interference and Coriolis force. The static pressure increases and the dynamic pressure decreases in the radial direction of volute. The velocity and the pressure on the section VIII and the outlet total pressure fluctuate intensively when the blade tail end passes the section VIII and the volute tongue. The vibration of pump can be reduced by increasing the volute tongue mounting angle and decreasing the blade outlet mounting angle properly.

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Liu, Hsiu-Yueh, Chun-Hung Chen, Chao-Hung Kuo, Ming-Chu Feng, Jen-Hao Chen, Hsuan-Wen Wang, Kun-Chun Chen, and Chun-Li Lin. "A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030489.

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This study developed a novel chair-side tongue pressure (TP) measuring instrument with a disposable positioning mouthpiece controlled using a smartphone application (APP), denoted as the TP wireless application (TPWA). The mouthpiece was designed with a palate-shaped air balloon containing a tongue contact bump and a plastic bite positioning tube. Fatigue load testing was performed to evaluate mouthpiece durability by applying 700 displacement cycles (50 times a day for one week during training, with twice the safety factor) on the air balloon. The main component used in developing this instrument was a silicon pressure sensor equipped with wireless Bluetooth connection. Young (52 adults; mean age = 20.23 ± 2.17) and elderly (40 adults; mean age = 72.60 ± 7.03) individuals participated in the test with the new instrument, with the results compared to those of a commercial device. The TPWA mouthpiece fatigue test showed that mean response pressures were maintained at 12 kPa. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were found during testing repetitions 0–10 and 701–710. There were no significant differences in the maximum TP values presented between the test sequences using different instruments for young and elderly participants. The TPWA results showed that TP values gradually decreased with increasing age (40.77 kPa for young and 16.55 kPa for elderly participants). The maximum TP for males (43.51 kPa) was significantly larger than that for females (35.14 kPa) in the young group, but an opposite trend was seen in the elderly group (12.97 for males and 17.59 for females). Thus, this study developed a novel chair-side TP measurement instrument with Bluetooth wireless mobile application control. A durable positioning oral mouthpiece was approved for measuring pressure sufficiently, reliably, and precisely for TP screening.

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Kim, Dalhae, Hyunseok Kim, Donghwi Shin, Jiyoung Kim, Inhyung Lee, and Won-gyun Son. "Evaluation of the tongue for oscillometric measurement of arterial pressure in anesthetized Beagle dogs." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 49, no. 2 (March 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2021.11.003.

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Diaz-Saez, Marta Carlota, Hector Beltran-Alacreu, Javier Gil-Castillo, and Alfonso Gil-Martínez. "Differences between Maximum Tongue Force in Women Suffering from Chronic and Asymptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders—An Observational Study." Life 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010229.

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Background: Temporomandibular disorders are craniofacial disorders characterized by the presence of chronic pain in masticatory muscles, with higher incidence in the women population. There is little research that has studied tongue force related to temporomandibular disorders, but there are a lot of studies that have demonstrated the impact of tongue force in vital functions, such as chewing, swallowing, phonation, or breathing. According to this, the aim of this study was to compare the maximum force of the tongue between females with chronic temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic females. We also wanted to establish whether any relationship existed between the pain and fatigue versus the maximum force developed in females with chronic temporomandibular disorders. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 67 women between the ages of 18 and 65 years old was performed. The included women were assigned to one of two groups, according to whether they had chronic temporomandibular disorders or not. The procedure was the same for both groups. Outcome measures included the maximum tongue force, intensity of perceived orofacial pain, and intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue. Results: The results showed significant statistical differences for the maximum tongue force measurement between the chronic temporomandibular disorders group and the control group (p < 0.05) for all the movements, except the lip pressure measurement. Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant statistical differences between the intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue between the groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data showed no significant correlations between variables. Conclusion: The study found significant differences in maximum tongue force when comparing women with chronic temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic women (being superior in these). Likewise, we found that the intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue after tongue exercises showed significant differences between groups. However, this study reveals no correlations between the intensity of perceived orofacial pain and fatigue and the maximum tongue force.

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Younsi, M., F. Bakir, S. Kouidri, and R. Rey. "Influence of Impeller Geometry on the Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Fan: Numerical and Experimental Analyses." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/34901.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of design parameters on the unsteady flow in a forward-curved centrifugal fan and their impact on the aeroacoustic behavior. To do so, numerical and experimental studies have been carried out on four centrifugal impellers designed with various geometrical parameters. The same volute casing has been used to study these impellers. The effects on the unsteady flow behavior related to irregular blade spacing, blade count and radial distance between the impeller periphery and the volute tongue have been studied. The numerical simulations of the unsteady flow have been carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools based on the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) approach. The study is focused on the unsteadiness induced by the aerodynamic interaction between the volute and the rotating impeller blades. In order to predict the acoustic pressure at far field, the unsteady flow variables provided by the CFD calculations have been used as inputs in the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations (FW-H). The experimental part of this work concerns measurement of aerodynamic performance of the fans using a test bench built according to ISO 5801 (1997) standard. In addition to this, pressure microphones have been flush mounted on the volute tongue surface in order to measure the wall pressure fluctuations. The sound pressure level (SPL) measurements have been carried out in an anechoic room in order to remove undesired noise reflections. Finally, the numerical results have been compared with the experimental measurements and a correlation between the wall pressure fluctuations and the far field noise signals has been found.

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Makihara, Eri. "1'. Use of a tongue-pressure measurement system to assist fabrication of palatal augmentation prosthises." Journal of the Kyushu Dental Society 60, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2504/kds.60.37_1.

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Borghetti, Michela, and Mauro Serpelloni. "Measuring inside your mouth! Measurement approaches, design considerations, and one example for tongue pressure monitoring." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 19, no. 5 (October 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2016.7579069.

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Franciotti, Raffaella, Erica Di Maria, Michele D’Attilio, Giuseppe Aprile, Federica Giulia Cosentino, and Vittoria Perrotti. "Quantitative Measurement of Swallowing Performance Using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092319.

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Swallowing is a complex but stereotyped motor activity aimed at serving two vital purposes: alimentary function and the protection of upper airways. Therefore, any impairment of the swallowing act can represent a significant clinical and personal problem that needs an accurate diagnosis by means of reliable and non-invasive techniques. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the reliability of the Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument (IOPI) in distinguishing healthy controls (HC) from patients affected by swallowing disorders or pathologies and conditions that imply dysphagia. A comprehensive search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Lilacs databases. Overall, 271 articles were identified and, after a three-step screening, 33 case-control and interventional studies reporting IOPI measurements were included. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies resulted in being at a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis on case-control studies showed that maximum tongue pressure (MIP) values were always higher in HC than in patients, with an overall effect of the MIP difference of 18.2 KPa (17.7–18.7 KPa CI). This result was also confirmed when the sample was split into adults and children, although the MIP difference between HC and patients was greater in children than in adults (21.0 vs. 15.4 KPa in the MIP mean difference overall effect, respectively). Tongue endurance (TE) showed conflicting results among studies, with an overall effect among studies near zero (0.7 s, 0.2–1.1 s CI) and a slight tendency toward higher TE values in HC than in patients. Among the intervention studies, MIP values were higher after treatment than before, with a better outcome after the experimental tongue training exercise than traditional treatments (the MIP mean difference overall effect was 10.8 and 2.3 KPa, respectively). In conclusion, MIP values can be considered as a reliable measure of swallowing function in adults and in children, with a more marked MIP difference between HC and patients for the children population. MIP measures in patients are also able to detect the best outcome on the tongue function after the training exercise compared to traditional training.

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MATSUMURA, Masafumi, Hitoshi YAMASAKI, Ryunosuke TSUJI, Takuya NIIKAWA, Hisanaga HARA, Takashi TACHIMURA, and Takeshi WADA. "Measurement of palatolingual contact pressure and tongue force using a force-sensor mounted on a palatal plate." Biomechanisms 16 (2002): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3951/biomechanisms.16.75.

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Koizumi, Koichi, Tomoaki Shintani, Yuki Yoshimi, Mirai Higaki, Ryo Kunimatsu, Yukio Yoshioka, Kazuhiro Tsuga, Kotaro Tanimoto, Hideki Shiba, and Shigeaki Toratani. "Impact of Maximum Tongue Pressure in Patients with Jaw Deformities Who Underwent Orthognathic Surgery." Diagnostics 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020404.

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Malocclusion and morphological abnormalities of the jawbone often affect the stomatognathic function and long-term postoperative stability in patients with jaw deformities. There are few reports on the effect of maximum tongue pressure (MTP) in these patients. We investigated the relationship between the MTP and jawbone morphology and the effect of the MTP on surgery in 42 patients with jaw deformity who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment at Hiroshima University Hospital. The MTP was measured using a tongue pressure measurement device; the average value was considered as the MTP. Based on the MTP measured before surgery, patients were classified into the high- or the low-MTP group. The clinical findings and results of the cephalometric analysis were compared. Posterior movement of the mandible in the high-MTP group was significantly lower than that in the low-MTP group. The ANB angle, overjet, and overbite in the high-MTP group were significantly smaller than those in the low-MTP group. On the other hand, there was no difference between the two groups in the measured values, indicating a labial inclination of the anterior teeth (U1 to SN, U1 to FH, IMPA, and FMIA). MTP has been suggested to affect mandibular prognathism in patients with jaw deformities.

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Kamada, Masaru, Koji Shimoyama, Fumito Sato, Junya Washiashi, and Yasufumi Konishi. "Multi-objective design optimization of a high efficiency and low noise blower unit of a car air-conditioner." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 29, 2019): 3493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019827131.

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Car air-conditioners consist of a blower unit and a heater unit. A blower unit sends wind to a heater unit, and a heater unit adjusts the temperature inside the vehicle. Blower units of car air-conditioners are required to be smaller, lighter, noiseless, and power-saving. However, it is difficult and expensive to predict the noise directly by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Hereupon, this study employs an indirect noise prediction method based on a noise prediction theory to evaluate noise for blower units inexpensively. This method is investigated through a comparison with actual sound pressure level measurement. Then, using this method, this study moves to design optimization of a blower unit of car air-conditioners. The optimization aims to improve total pressure efficiency and sound pressure level from the current design that has been employed for a real commercial vehicle. This study employs a genetic algorithm to explore global optima in a two-objective problem. The present genetic algorithm is assisted by the Kriging surrogate model to reduce computational cost required for evaluating objective functions. The optimization results indicate that the optimized blower unit involves a multi-blade fan with the high chord-pitch ratio to decrease the loss of total pressure efficiency, which is often induced by the flow separation on the blade and the swirling flow on the meridional plane. In addition, the sound pressure level of blower unit can be reduced by decreasing the local flow velocity on the meridian plane due to a blockage factor. A blower unit, which has a scroll with a large tongue angle, shows high total pressure efficiency because the increase in eddy loss is suppressed at the tongue. They suggest the importance of the matching of multi-blade fan and scroll to achieve the good overall performance of a blower unit.

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Suzuki, Hiroki, Yasunori Ayukawa, Yoko Ueno, Ikiru Atsuta, Akio Jinnouchi, and Kiyoshi Koyano. "Relationship between Maximum Tongue Pressure Value and Age, Occlusal Status, or Body Mass Index among the Community-Dwelling Elderly." Medicina 56, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110623.

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Background and objectives: In an aging society, the maintenance of the oral function of the elderly is of importance for the delay or prevention of frailty and long-term care. In the present study, we focused on the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) value and analyzed the relationship between MTP and age, occlusal status, or body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This one-center observatory study was conducted using a cohort consisting of 205 community-dwelling outpatients over 65 years old. The MTP values of all subjects were measured using a commercially available tongue pressure measurement device and statistically analyzed. In addition, the correlation between MTP value and BMI was analyzed. Results: The MTP value decreased with age, especially in subjects classified as Eichner B and C. The difference in occlusal status did not show any statistically significant influence on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was indicated in the tested groups other than an age of 65–74 and Eichner A groups. Conclusions: Although MTP value decreased with age, the difference in occlusal status did not have an impact on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was not shown in the youngest group or a group with sufficient occlusal units. The results presented in the present study may imply that, even if MTP is low, younger age and/or better occlusal status compensate for the inferior MTP value in the cohort studied.

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Okuno, Kentaro, Ryuichiro Kobuchi, Suguru Morita, Ayako Masago, Masaaki Imaoka, and Kazuya Takahashi. "Relationships between the Nutrition Status and Oral Measurements for Sarcopenia in Older Japanese Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 7382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247382.

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Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationships between the risk of malnutrition as a preliminary stage of malnutrition and overall and oral measurements for sarcopenia in older Japanese adults. Methods: Forty-five participants (79.7 ± 6.1 years) were included in the analysis. The nutrition status of the participants was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and classified into two groups: normal and at risk of malnutrition. Overall measurements for sarcopenia in the present study were the skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, and walking speed, while oral measurements were the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle, tongue pressure (TP), and oral diadochokinesis. Results: MNA-SF correlated with TP (r = 0.347, p = 0.019). We observed decreases of 5.7 kPa in TP and 3.9 kg/cm2 in BMI in the at risk of malnutrition group. A multiple regression analysis of parameters contributing to the risk of malnutrition identified TP as an independent variable (β = 0.913, p = 0.042). Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that the risk of malnutrition is associated with TP as an oral measurement for sarcopenia, but not overall measurements for sarcopenia. Therefore, low TP may be related with the risk of malnutrition.

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Koike, Uori, Guillermo Enriquez, Takanobu Miwa, Huei Ee Yap, Madoka Kabasawa, and Shuji Hashimoto. "Development of an Intraoral Interface for Human-Ability Extension Robots." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0819.

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[abstFig src='/00280006/05.jpg' width='300' text='The headset type intraoral interface' ] An extra degree of freedom to human body movement could assist people in a variety of tasks. To this end, we have previously proposed a human-ability extension system through a supernumerary limb. The system comprises of a manipulator that acts as a third arm, a feedback device that displays its status, and an interface that allows for its hands-free operation. Herein, we present this novel, intraoral interface that utilizes tongue motions and expiratory pressure. In contrast to the conventional intraoral interfaces that suffer from a lack of degrees of freedom and stability, our advanced interface is equipped with inertial measurement units and a pressure sensor to solve these problems without sacrificing the ease of use. The proposed interface is utile not only in our ongoing “Third Arm” project, but also in various other applications. We conclude with experimental evaluation of the system’s usability and its efficacy for human-ability extension systems.

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Kuan, Y. D., J. M. Huang, J. H. Wong, C. Y. Chen, S. M. Lee, and C. N. Hsu. "Investigation of the Flow and Noise Distribution on a Blower via Integration of Simulation and Experiments." Journal of Mechanics 34, no. 2 (June 6, 2017): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2017.36.

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AbstractAs the consciousness of energy saving and carbon reduction and comfortable environment is paid increasing attention to, the common objective of various countries with decreasing energy is to develop and popularize high efficiency and low running noise blowers. This study uses CFD to calculate the flow field and performance of a blower and compare with the experimental measurement. The characteristic curve of blower shows that the simulated and experimental values are close to each other, the difference between the values is only 0.4%. This analysis result proofs the CFD package is a highly reliable tool for the future blower design improvement. In addition, this study discusses the noise distribution of blower flow field, the periodic pressure output value calculated by CFD is used in the sound source input of sound pressure field, so as to simulate and analyze the aerodynamic noise reading of the flow field around the blower. The result shows that the simulated value of flow field around the fan has as high as 80.5 dB(A) ∼ 81.5 dB(A) noise level and is agree with measurement (82 dB(A)). The noise level is low but has a sharp noise. According to the numerical results, designer of the blower modify the tongue geometry and remove the sharp noise.

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Cheetham, Jonathan, John H. Pigott, John W. Hermanson, Luis Campoy, Leo V. Soderholm, Lisa M. Thorson, and Norm G. Ducharme. "Role of the hypoglossal nerve in equine nasopharyngeal stability." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91177.2008.

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The equine upper airway is highly adapted to provide the extremely high oxygen demand associated with strenuous aerobic exercise in this species. The tongue musculature, innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, plays an important role in airway stability in humans who also have a highly adapted upper airway to allow speech. The role of the hypoglossal nerve in stabilizing the equine upper airway has not been established. Isolated tongues from eight mature horses were dissected to determine the distal anatomy and branching of the equine hypoglossal nerve. Using this information, a peripheral nerve location technique was used to perform bilateral block of the common trunk of the hypoglossal nerve in 10 horses. Each horse was subjected to two trials with bilateral hypoglossal nerve block and two control trials (unblocked). Upper airway stability at exercise was determined using videoendoscopy and measurement of tracheal and pharyngeal pressure. Three main nerve branches were identified, medial and lateral branches and a discrete branch that innervated the geniohyoid muscle alone. Bilateral hypoglossal block induced nasopharyngeal instability in 10/19 trials, and none of the control trials (0/18) resulted in instability ( P < 0.001). Mean treadmill speed (± SD) at the onset of instability was 10.8 ± 2.5 m/s. Following its onset, nasopharyngeal instability persisted until the end of the treadmill test. This instability, induced by hypoglossal nerve block, produced an expiratory obstruction similar to that seen in a naturally occurring equine disease (dorsal displacement of the soft palate, DDSP) with reduced inspiratory and expiratory pharyngeal pressure and increased expiratory tracheal pressure. These data suggest that stability of the equine upper airway at exercise may be mediated through the hypoglossal nerve. Naturally occurring DDSP in the horse shares a number of anatomic similarities with obstructive sleep apnea. Study of species with extreme respiratory adaptation, such as the horse, may provide insight into respiratory functioning in humans.

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Sawaya, Yohei, Masahiro Ishizaka, Akira Kubo, Takahiro Shiba, Tamae Sato, Ko Onoda, Hitoshi Maruyama, and Tomohiko Urano. "Absolute reliability of tongue pressure measurement in young healthy adults and elderly patients with certification of needing long‐term care or support." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 20, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13902.

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Baun, D. O., and R. D. Flack. "A Plexiglas Research Pump With Calibrated Magnetic Bearings/Load Cells for Radial and Axial Hydraulic Force Measurement." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2821992.

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A research pump intended for both flow visualization studies and direct measurement of hydrodynamic radial and axial forces has been developed. The impeller and the volute casing are constructed from Plexiglas which facilitates optical access for laser velocimetry measurements of the flow field both inside the impeller and in the volute casing. The pump housing is designed for flexibility allowing for each interchange of impellers and volute configurations. The pump rotor is supported by three radial magnetic bearings and one double acting magnetic thrust bearing. The magnetic bearings have been calibrated to characterize the force versus coil current and air gap relationship for each bearing type. Linear calibration functions valid for rotor eccentricities of up to 2/3 of the nominal bearing clearances and force level of ±58 N (13 lbf) and ±267 N (60 lbf) for the radial and axial bearings, respectively, were found. A detailed uncertainty analysis of the force calibration functions was conducted such that meaningful uncertainty bounds can be applied to in situ force measurements. Hysteresis and eddy current effects were quantified for each bearing such that their effect on the in situ force measurements could be assessed. By directly measuring the bearing reaction forces it is possible to determine the radial and axial hydraulic loads acting on the pump impeller. To demonstrate the capability of the magnetic bearings as active load cells representative hydraulic force measurements for a centered 4 vane 16 degree log spiral radial flow impeller operating in a single tongue spiral volute casing were made. At shut-off a nondimensional radial thrust of 0.084 was measured. A minimum nondimensional radial thrust of about 0.007 was observed at the nominal design flow. The nondimensional radial thrust increased to about 0.019 at 120 percent of design flow. The nondimensional axial thrust had a maximum at shut-off of 0.265 and decreased steadily to approximately 0.185 at 120 percent of design flow. Two regions of increasing axial thrust, in the flow range 75 to 100 percent of design flow, were observed. The measurements are compared to radial and axial force predictions using classical force models. The direct radial force measurements are compared to a representative set of radial force measurements from the literature. In addition, the directly measured radial force at design flow is compared to a single representative radial force measurement (obtained from the literature) calculated from the combination of static pressure and net momentum flux distribution at the impeller exit.

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Wu, Shang-Jung, Chun-Chieh Wang, Feng-Yu Lin, Kai-Yu Tseng, and Yueh-Juen Hwu. "Analysis of Labial and Lingual Strength among Healthy Chinese Adults in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217904.

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This study collected 11 parameters regarding the labial and lingual strength for maximum isometric and swallowing tasks among 150 healthy Chinese adults in Taiwan. Measurements were performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). All of the labial and lingual strength parameters were measured three times. The maximal value of three trials represents the pressure of every parameter. The overall mean (±standard deviation) and maximum isometric pressures of the lips, anterior tongue, and posterior tongue were 24.81 ± 5.64, 55.95 ± 14.13, and 53.23 ± 12.24 kPa, respectively. The mean value of posterior tongue strength was less than that of the anterior tongue by approximately 5%. The percentages of maximum isometric tongue pressure during the swallowing of saliva and water were 85% and 80% for the anterior tongue and 90% and 81% for the posterior tongue, respectively. The average endurances for the anterior tongue and posterior tongue were 13.86 ± 7.08 and 10.06 ± 5.40 s, respectively. The maximum isometric pressures were greater than both the saliva and water swallowing pressures, and the saliva swallowing pressures were greater than the water swallowing pressures. A value of 33 kPa in maximum isometric pressure could serve as a demarcation of weak tongue strength for healthy Chinese adults. As for the repeated trials of labial and lingual strength, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the pressures obtained from the 11 labial and lingual strength parameters. The normative data can be used for the objective assessment of labial and lingual strength in healthy Chinese adults.

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Mathru, Mali, Oliver Esch, John Lang, Michael E. Herbert, Gregory Chaljub, Brian Goodacre, and Eric vanSonnenberg. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Upper Airway." Anesthesiology 84, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199602000-00004.

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Background Anesthetic agents inhibit the respiratory activity of upper airway muscles more than the diaphragm, creating a potential for narrowing or complete closure of the pharyngeal airway during anesthesia. Because the underlying mechanisms leading to airway obstruction in sleep apnea and during anesthesia are similar, it was hypothesized that anesthesia-induced pharyngeal narrowing could be counteracted by applying nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods Anesthesia was induced in ten healthy volunteers (aged 25-34 yr) by intravenous administration of propofol in 50-mg increments every 30-s to a maximum of 300 mg. Magnetic resonance images of the upper airway (slice thickness of 5 mm or less) were obtained in the awake state, during propofol anesthesia, and during administration of propofol plus 10 cm nasal CPAP. Results Minimum anteroposterior diameter of the pharynx at the level of the soft palate decreased from 6.6 +/- 2.2 mm (SD) in the awake state to 2.7 +/- 1.5 mm (P < 0.05) during propofol anesthesia and increased to 8.43 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.05) after nasal CPAP application. Anteroposterior diameter of the pharynx at the level of the dorsum of the tongue increased from 7.9 +/- 3.5 mm during propofol anesthesia to 12.9 +/- 3.6 mm (P < 0.05) after nasal CPAP. Pharyngeal volume (from the tip of the epiglottis to the tip of the soft palate, assuming this space to be a truncated cone) significantly increased from 2,437 +/- 1,008 mm3 during propofol anesthesia to 5,847 +/- 2,827 mm3 (P < 0.05) after nasal CPAP application. Conclusions In contrast to the traditional view that relaxation of the tongue causes airway obstruction, this study suggests that airway closure occurs at the level of the soft palate. Application of nasal CPAP can counteract an anesthesia-induced pharyngeal narrowing by functioning as a pneumatic splint. This is supported by the observed reduction in anteroposterior diameter at the level of the soft palate during propofol anesthesia and the subsequent increase in this measurement during nasal CPAP application.

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Lee, Yoo-Sun, Jiho Ryu, Seung-Hak Baek, Won Hee Lim, Il-Hyung Yang, Tae-Woo Kim, and Seok-Ki Jung. "Comparative Analysis of the Differences in Dentofacial Morphology According to the Tongue and Lip Pressure." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030503.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tongue and lip pressure on dentofacial morphology. The subjects comprised 194 patients with malocclusion. Anterior and posterior tongue elevation and lip pressures were evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) device. The lateral cephalograms of each subject were traced and digitized to perform the analysis. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the relationship between perioral muscle force and the cephalometric variables. Anterior and posterior tongue pressure was both higher in males than in females. No sex difference in lip pressure was observed. The group with a low posterior tongue pressure showed a short ramus height, short posterior facial height, and clockwise-rotated mandible. On the other hand, lip pressure had a significant influence on maxillary incisor angulation. Skeletal pattern was not found to be significantly related with lip pressure. The anterior tongue pressure appeared as a mixed pattern of the two results. Tongue pressure was related to skeletal measurements, such as short posterior facial height, and lip pressure was related to the angulation of the anterior teeth. This study suggests that there may be differences in dentofacial morphology according to the differences in perioral muscle force.

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Hayes, Michelle, Anna Gillman, Brona Wright, Sean Dorgan, Ian Brennan, Margaret Walshe, Claire Donohoe, John V. Reynolds, and Julie Regan. "Prevalence, nature and trajectory of dysphagia postoesophageal cancer surgery: a prospective longitudinal study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e058815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058815.

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IntroductionDysphagia is a common problem following oesophagectomy, and is associated with aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, weight loss, prolonged enteral feeding tube dependence, in addition to an extended in-hospital stay and compromised quality of life (QOL). To date, the prevalence, nature and trajectory of post-oesophagectomy dysphagia has not been systematically studied in a prospective longitudinal design. The study aims (1) to evaluate the prevalence, nature and trajectory of dysphagia for participants undergoing an oesophagectomy as part of curative treatment, (2) to determine the risk factors for, and post-operative complications of dysphagia in this population and (3) to examine the impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on health-related QOL across time points.Methods and analysisA videofluoroscopy will be completed and analysed on both post-operative day (POD) 4 or 5 and at 6-months post-surgery. Other swallow evaluations will be completed preoperatively, POD 4 or 5, 1-month and 6-month time points will include a swallowing screening test, tongue pressure measurement, cough reflex testing and an oral hygiene evaluation. Nutritional measurements will include the Functional Oral Intake Scale to measure feeding tube reliance, Malnutrition Screening Tool and the Strength, Assistance With Walking, Rise From a Chair, Climb Stairs and Falls questionnaire. The Reflux Symptom Index will be administered to investigate aerodigestive symptoms commonly experienced by adults post-oesophagectomy. Swallowing-related QOL outcome measures will be determined using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-18, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Tallaght University Hospital/St. James’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee (JREC), Dublin, Ireland (Ref. No. 2021-Jul-310). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences.

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Karamanis, N., R. F. Martinez-Botas, and C. C. Su. "Mixed Flow Turbines: Inlet and Exit Flow Under Steady and Pulsating Conditions." Journal of Turbomachinery 123, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1354141.

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The performance and detailed flow characteristics of a high pressure ratio mixed flow turbine has been investigated under steady and pulsating flow conditions. The rotor has been designed to have a nominal constant incidence (based on free vortex flow in the volute) and it is for use in an automotive high speed diesel turbocharger. The results indicated a departure from the quasi-steady analysis commonly used in turbocharger turbine design. The pulsations from the engine have been followed through the inlet pipe and around the volute; the pulse has been shown to propagate close to the speed of sound and not according to the bulk flow velocity as stated by some researchers. The flow entering and exiting the blades has been quantified by a laser Doppler velocimetry system. The measurements were performed at a plane 3.0 mm ahead of the rotor leading edge and 9.5 mm behind the rotor trailing edge. The turbine test conditions corresponded to the peak efficiency point at 29,400 and 41,300 rpm. The results were resolved in a blade-to-blade sense to examine in greater detail the nature of the flow at turbocharger representative conditions. A correlation between the combined effects of incidence and exit flow angle with the isentropic efficiency has been shown. The unsteady flow characteristics have been investigated at two flow pulse frequencies, corresponding to internal combustion engine speeds of 1600 and 2400 rpm. Four measurement planes have been investigated: one in the pipe feeding the volute, two in the volute (40 deg and 130 deg downstream of the tongue) and one at the exit of the turbine. The pulse propagation at these planes has been investigated; the effect of the different planes on the evaluation of the unsteady isentropic efficiency is shown to be significant. Overall, the unsteady performance efficiency results indicated a significant departure from the corresponding steady performance, in accordance with the inlet and exit flow measurements.

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Korbmacher, Heike. "Evaluation of a new concept of myofunctional therapy in children." International Journal of Orofacial Myology 30, no. 1 (November 1, 2004): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2004.30.1.4.

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This prospective study was designed to evaluate a new concept of myofunctional therapy in comparison with conventional myofunctional therapy. 45 children aged three to sixteen years in need of myofunctional therapy were randomly divided into two groups: 19 children were referred to myofunctional therapy in private practices in Hamburg and served as controls. The remaining 26 children were treated with face former therapy at the Department of Orthodontics by a medical assistant specializing in myofunctional therapy. The overall observation time was six months. Every three months an overall clinical assessment was performed at the Department of Orthodontics by a speech pathologist and an orthodontist, who documented the clinical situation. The clinical examination included measurement of lip strength, palatography to document the swallowing pattern, logopedic diagnosis, and an orthodontic examination with reference to a standardized diagnostic sheet. In all children’s orofacial function could be improved. Children treated with the Face Former showed a statistically significantly improvement in palatal tongue position during swallowing. They achieved stronger lip pressure within a shorter time than children who did not use the Face Former. However, at the end of the observation time there was no statistically significant difference in lip strength between the two groups. Habitual mouth closure was also achieved within a shorter time for children treated with the FaceFormer than children with myofunctional therapy. Face Former therapy seems to offer a good alternative to conventional myofunctional therapy. Longitudinal studies will follow to judge whether the established orofacial balance could be stabilized, i.e. the established physiological orofacial function becomes automatic.

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Omari, Taher I., Nathalie Rommel, Michal M. Szczesniak, Sergio Fuentealba, Philip G. Dinning, Geoffrey P. Davidson, and Ian J. Cook. "Assessment of intraluminal impedance for the detection of pharyngeal bolus flow during swallowing in healthy adults." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, no. 1 (January 2006): G183—G188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2005.

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Intraluminal impedance, a nonradiological method for assessing bolus flow within the gut, may be suitable for investigating pharyngeal disorders. This study evaluated an impedance technique for the detection of pharyngeal bolus flow during swallowing. Patterns of pharyngoesophageal pressure and impedance were simultaneously recorded with videofluoroscopy in 10 healthy volunteers during swallowing of liquid, semisolid, and solid boluses. The timing of bolus head and tail passage recorded by fluoroscopy was correlated with the timing of impedance drop and recovery at each recording site. Bolus swallowing produced a drop in impedance from baseline followed by a recovery to at least 50% of baseline. The timing of the pharyngeal and esophageal impedance drop correlated with the timing of the arrival of the bolus head. In the pharynx, the timing of impedance recovery was delayed relative to the timing of clearance of the bolus tail. In contrast, in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and proximal esophagus, the timing of impedance recovery correlated well with the timing of clearance of the bolus tail. Impedance-based estimates of pharyngoesophageal bolus clearance time correlated with true pharyngoesophageal bolus clearance time. Patterns of intraluminal impedance recorded in the pharynx during bolus swallowing are therefore more complex than those in the esophagus. During swallowing, mucosal contact between the tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall prolongs the duration of pharyngeal impedance drop, leading to overestimation of bolus tail timing. Therefore, we conclude that intraluminal impedance measurement does not accurately reflect the bolus transit in the pharynx but does accurately reflect bolus transit across the UES and below.

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Mano, Tomoo, Shigeto Soyama, and Kazuma Sugie. "Improvement in Tongue Pressure Precedes Improvement in Dysphagia in Dermatomyositis." Clinics and Practice 12, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract12050083.

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Dysphagia is known to occur in patients with dermatomyositis. However, the sudden-onset dysphagia without other symptoms can make diagnosis and treatment challenging. Two patients who did not have a severe muscle weakness complained of the sudden inability to swallow solids and liquids. The muscle biopsy results showed the perifascicular atrophy, and the patients were diagnosed with dermatomyositis. Videofluoroscopy revealed an inadequate pharyngeal contraction and a decreased upper esophageal sphincter opening with silent aspiration. Both patients showed low tongue pressures. Patient 1 received intravenous and oral methylprednisolone, and patient 2 received intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to intravenous and oral methylprednisolone. Several months after the onset of the dysphagia, the swallowing function of both patients improved. The improvement in tongue pressure preceded an improvement in the subjective and objective measurements of dysphagia. In conclusion, tongue pressure may be useful for predicting early improvement in swallowing function.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tongue pressure measurement'

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