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Academic literature on the topic 'Tongue'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tongue"

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Plowright, C. M. S., and R. C. Plowright. "THE ADVANTAGE OF SHORT TONGUES IN BUMBLE BEES (BOMBUS) — ANALYSES OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS ACCORDING TO FLOWER COROLLA DEPTH, AND OF WORKING SPEEDS ON WHITE CLOVER." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 1 (February 1997): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent12951-1.

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AbstractFour surveys of Bombus workers found on various flower species generated classifications of bumble bees according to tongue length and corolla depth of flower species. The long-tongued bees frequented species with long corollas and short-tongued bees frequented species with short corollas. Within-species analyses revealed several significant positive correlations between tongue length and corolla depth. The advantage of short tongues in bumble bees was investigated in an analysis of working speeds of different species on white clover, which has a short corolla. Bees with short tongues were more efficient than bees with long tongues.
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Kleinteich, Thomas, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Frog tongue acts as muscle-powered adhesive tape." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 9 (September 2015): 150333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150333.

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Frogs are well known to capture fast-moving prey by flicking their sticky tongues out of the mouth. This tongue projection behaviour happens extremely fast which makes frog tongues a biological high-speed adhesive system. The processes at the interface between tongue and prey, and thus the mechanism of adhesion, however, are completely unknown. Here, we captured the contact mechanics of frog tongues by filming tongue adhesion at 2000 frames per second through an illuminated glass. We found that the tongue rolls over the target during attachment. However, during the pulling phase, the tongue retractor muscle acts perpendicular to the target surface and thus prevents peeling during tongue retraction. When the tongue detaches, mucus fibrils form between the tongue and the target. Fibrils commonly occur in pressure-sensitive adhesives, and thus frog tongues might be a biological analogue to these engineered materials. The fibrils in frog tongues are related to the presence of microscopic papillae on the surface. Together with a layer of nanoscale fibres underneath the tongue epithelium, these surface papillae will make the tongue adaptable to asperities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we are able to integrate anatomy and function to explain the processes during adhesion in frog tongues.
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Tschapka, Marco, Tania P. Gonzalez-Terrazas, and Mirjam Knörnschild. "Nectar uptake in bats using a pumping-tongue mechanism." Science Advances 1, no. 8 (September 2015): e1500525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500525.

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Many insects use nectar as their principal diet and have mouthparts specialized in nectarivory, whereas most nectar-feeding vertebrates are opportunistic users of floral resources and only a few species show distinct morphological specializations. Specialized nectar-feeding bats extract nectar from flowers using elongated tongues that correspond to two vastly different morphologies: Most species have tongues with hair-like papillae, whereas one group has almost hairless tongues that show distinct lateral grooves. Recent molecular data indicate a convergent evolution of groove- and hair-tongued bat clades into the nectar-feeding niche. Using high-speed video recordings on experimental feeders, we show distinctly divergent nectar-feeding behavior in clades. Grooved tongues are held in contact with nectar for the entire duration of visit as nectar is pumped into the mouths of hovering bats, whereas hairy tongues are used in conventional sinusoidal lapping movements. Bats with grooved tongues use a specific fluid uptake mechanism not known from any other mammal. Nectar rises in semiopen lateral grooves, probably driven by a combination of tongue deformation and capillary action. Extraction efficiency declined for both tongue types with a similar slope toward deeper nectar levels. Our results highlight a novel drinking mechanism in mammals and raise further questions on fluid mechanics and ecological niche partitioning.
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DEBAN, STEPHEN M., and KIISA C. NISHIKAWA. "The Kinematics of Prey Capture and the Mechanism of Tongue Protraction in the Green Tree Frog Hyla Cinerea." Journal of Experimental Biology 170, no. 1 (September 1, 1992): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.170.1.235.

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Prey capture was studied in the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) before and after denervation of either the m. genioglossus or m. submentalis using high-speed videography and kinematic analysis. The prey capture behavior and extent of tongue protraction of several members of the subfamilies Hylinae, Pelodryadinae and Phyllomedusinae were also studied. Results show that the m. genioglossus is necessary to produce complete tongue protraction and that the m. submentalis is necessary for mandibular bending, but not necessary for complete tongue protraction in Hyla cinerea. The tongue of Hyla cinerea resembles the weakly protrusible tongues of the archaeobatrachian frogs Ascaphus and Discoglossus more than the highly protrusible tongues of other neobatrachians, such as Rana or Bufo. A weakly protrusible tongue is present in the subfamilies Hylinae and Pelodryadinae, and a highly protrusible tongue is present in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. These results suggest that hyline and pelodryadine hylids have retained the ancestral anuran tongue morphology and that highly protrusible tongues have evolved once within the family Hylidae, in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae.
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Kulasekera, Priyantha B., and Gary W. Parkin. "Influence of the shape of inter-horizon boundary and size of soil tongues on preferential flow under shallow groundwater conditions: A simulation study." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10079.

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Kulasekera, P. B. and Parkin, G. W. 2011. Influence of the shape of inter-horizon boundary and size of soil tongues on preferential flow under shallow groundwater conditions: A simulation study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 211–221. Detailed studies of the impact of soil tongues at soil horizon interfaces are very important in understanding preferential flow processes through layered soils and in improving the accuracy of models predicting water and solute transport through the vadose zone. The implication of having soil tongues of different shapes and sizes created at the soil horizon interface on solute transport through a layered soil horizon was studied by simulating water and solute transport using the VS2DI model. This 2-D simulation study reconfirmed that soil tongues facilitate preferential flow, and the level of activeness of tongues may depend on the number of soil tongues, their spacing and distribution. Also, the size of the soil tongues (length and diameter at the interface between the soil horizons) and their shape influence the rate of preferential flow. Increasing tongue length consistently resulted in an increase in solute velocity across the entire soil profile regardless of the tongue shape; for example, a soil tongue of 0.25 m length increased solute velocity by about 1.5 times over a soil profile without tongues, but this increase might be different for soil types and groundwater conditions other than those considered in this study. Narrowing of tongues increased solute velocity, whereas increasing the number of tongues in a wider soil profile decreased the solute-front's velocity. As tongue length increased, the area containing solutes at prescribed elapsed times decreased. An implication of this study is that soil horizon tongue shape and spacing reduce pollutant residence times, hence inter-horizon boundary morphology should be considered when modelling transport through the vadose zone. As well, since the solute velocity behaviours of a triangular- and a wider rectangular-shaped tongue were nearly identical, simply measuring solute velocity in the field will reveal little information on the shape of a soil tongue.
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Deban, S. M., and U. Dicke. "Motor control of tongue movement during prey capture in plethodontid salamanders." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 3699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.24.3699.

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Four species of salamander of the family Plethodontidae were examined using electromyographic (EMG) recording during prey-capture behavior to test the hypotheses that the tongue retractor, tongue protractor and jaw depressor muscles are activated simultaneously and in a stereotyped pattern, as was found in other salamanders, and to determine whether species with different tongue morphologies and tongue protraction abilities exhibit different motor control strategies. The results show that sequential activation was observed far more frequently than simultaneous activation; the jaw depressor muscle was activated first, followed by the tongue protractor and then the tongue retractor. Species with short, attached tongues (Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Plethodon jordani) showed simultaneous activation more often than species with long, free tongues (Pseudotriton ruber and Hydromantes supramontis), which showed strongly non-simultaneous activation. Most EMG variables showed no effect of prey-capture success, suggesting that sensory feedback is not involved in modulating the motor pattern during the prey-capture strike. Hydromantes supramontis was examined for modulation of its motor pattern in response to prey distance, and several EMG variables were found to be positively correlated with tongue protraction distance. The motor pattern of strongly non-simultaneous activation of antagonistic tongue muscles has evolved along with the evolution of long, free tongues in plethodontids. The variable motor patterns observed provide further evidence that amphibian feeding in general is not as highly stereotyped as has been previously thought.
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Wendler, Gerd, Kristina Ahlnäs, and Craig S. Lingle. "On Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers, East Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003439.

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AbstractTwo large glacier tongues, which extend substantially across the coastline of King George V Land in East Antarctica, have been studied by remote sensing (synthetic aperture radar, JERS-1). The tongue of Mertz Glacier is in a state of advance, while the Ninnis Glacier tongue is retreating. Some more specific points are: The distinctive surface structure and the form of the glacier tongues indicates that they are floating.While the tongue of Ninnis Glacier has lost about two-thirds of its area since 1913, the Mertz Glacier tongue has advanced substantially and has about doubled its areal extent over the same time period.The annual movement of the tongue of Mertz Glacier was determined as about 1.2 km. This is close to the value of the advance of the tip of the tongue since 1963, which was determined as 0.9 km year−1.
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Wendler, Gerd, Kristina Ahlnäs, and Craig S. Lingle. "On Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers, East Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000003439.

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AbstractTwo large glacier tongues, which extend substantially across the coastline of King George V Land in East Antarctica, have been studied by remote sensing (synthetic aperture radar, JERS-1). The tongue of Mertz Glacier is in a state of advance, while the Ninnis Glacier tongue is retreating. Some more specific points are:The distinctive surface structure and the form of the glacier tongues indicates that they are floating.While the tongue of Ninnis Glacier has lost about two-thirds of its area since 1913, the Mertz Glacier tongue has advanced substantially and has about doubled its areal extent over the same time period.The annual movement of the tongue of Mertz Glacier was determined as about 1.2 km. This is close to the value of the advance of the tip of the tongue since 1963, which was determined as 0.9 km year−1.
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Nishikawa, Kiisa C. "Neuromuscular control of prey capture in frogs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1385 (May 29, 1999): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0445.

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While retaining a feeding apparatus that is surprisingly conservative morphologically, frogs as a group exhibit great variability in the biomechanics of tongue protraction during prey capture, which in turn is related to differences in neuromuscular control. In this paper, I address the following three questions. (1) How do frog tongues differ biomechanically? (2) What anatomical and physiological differences are responsible? (3) How is biomechanics related to mechanisms of neuromuscular control? Frog species use three non–exclusive mechanisms to protract their tongues during feeding: (i) mechanical pulling, in which the tongue shortens as its muscles contract during protraction; (ii) inertial elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under inertial and muscular loading; and (iii) hydrostatic elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under constraints imposed by the constant volume of a muscular hydrostat. Major differences among these functional types include (i) the amount and orientation of collagen fibres associated with the tongue muscles and the mechanical properties that this connective tissue confers to the tongue as a whole; and (ii) the transfer of inertia from the opening jaws to the tongue, which probably involves a catch mechanism that increases the acceleration achieved during mouth opening. The mechanisms of tongue protraction differ in the types of neural mechanisms that are used to control tongue movements, particularly in the relative importance of feed–forward versus feedback control, in requirements for precise interjoint coordination, in the size and number of motor units, and in the afferent pathways that are involved in coordinating tongue and jaw movements. Evolution of biomechanics and neuromuscular control of frog tongues provides an example in which neuromuscular control is finely tuned to the biomechanical constraints and opportunities provided by differences in morphological design among species.
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Onda, Takeshi, Kamichika Hayashi, Akira Katakura, and Masayuki Takano. "Fissured tongue: Tongue with numerous deep grooves." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 13, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/101342z01to2022cr.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tongue"

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Mills, Tyler Caroline. "Tongue." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8219.

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Thesis (M.F.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of English. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Carrion, Teresa. "Lazy tongue." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2058.

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Lazy Tongue is a collection of poems that follows the path of a first generation Latin American woman on her trail of self-discovery. Both critique and celebration, the poems zero in on a woman's psychological, social, and sexual encounters, trying to find acceptance of self in the mirror of Catholic indoctrination and culture clash. The poems move through a variety of forms as if each poem were a word moving, searching, stumbling into eloquence, echoing the awkwardness the speaker feels as she moves through childhood into adolescence, and the awkwardness she feels positioning herself in adult life as a rebellious, punk rock women.
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Mann, Susan 1967. "One tongue singing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11534.

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Also available online.
one tongue singing is a novel which unfolds in two time-frames. In the first, a young unmarried French nurse comes to South Africa with her father and her small daughter during the closing years of apartheid. The family settles amongst a small wine-growing community in the Western Cape where they become involved in the lives of victims of the System. In the second frame, the daughter, now about nineteen years old, is a talented artist who enrols at the exclusive Art School of a womanising painter. The man walks a tightrope between popular success and a deep-seated fear of failure (linked to a growing awareness of being a fake). He has started to suffer from panic attacks.
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Buckley, Joseph. "Got Your Tongue." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2305.

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Swinney, Joan Ratzlaff. "Telling Stories (Out of School) of Mother Tongue, God's Tongue, and the Queen's Tongue: An Ethnography in Canada." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1240.

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Histories give little attention to language dominance in school and community -- to the fact that the past one-hundred years of "One People, One Language, One School" attitudes, policies, and goals in Anglo-American schools and communities have brought with them the demise of Native-American languages, the disappearance of linguistic differences due to immigrant origin, the disvalue or stereotype of linguistic patterns derived from regional and ethnic variation, and the insistence on English as a mark of linguistic and intellectual virtue. Telling Stories (0ut of School) of Mother Tongue, God's Tongue, and the Queen's Tongue: An Ethnography in Canada gives attention to one such history. Told in Mennonite perspective and framed in Manitoba schools between 1890 and 1990, Telling Stories (Out of School) begins with tales of English-speaking Canadian insistence on and German-speaking Mennonite resistance to English-only language education policies in public and private schools serving a Mennonite speech community in southern Manitoba. The research problem links itself historically to a series of language education acts passed by the Manitoba Legislature, adjudicated by the Manitoba Attorney General, the Canadian Supreme Court, and the British Privy Council, and enforced by the Manitoba Department of Education -- all between 1890 and 1920. These English-only policies, deemed an expedient response to the question of how to unify English Canadians, French-Canadians, Aboriginals, and immigrants, abrogated the language education rights of all linguistic minorities. English prevailed in Manitoba schools until the 1960s. After the mid-1960s, though, the Canadian Parliament in concert with the Manitoba Legislature, the Manitoba Department of Education, and local public school districts re-affirmed Canada's English-French legacy as well as its multilingual, multicultural heritage with yet another series of language and language education acts -- the Canadian Official Languages Act of 1969, the Canadian Constitution Act of 1982, and the Canadian Multicultural Act of 1988. Today, the Canadian "Cultural Mosaic," or "Multiculturalism within a Bilingual Framework," dispels the "Melting Pot" myth borrowed from the United States at the turn of the century. And, the 1990 right to "language education choice" in Manitoba's system of public schools denies the 1890 rule of "One People, One Language, One School." To trace historical and recent developments in a Mennonite speech community associated with these policies, and subsequently with the contact of English, High German, and Low German” outside the classroom," the ethnographer -- an insider-outsider -- synthesizes the Hymes-type work in ethnographies of speaking and the Milroy-type work in language and social networks to examine the Ferguson-coined phenomenon of diglossia and the Fishman-extended relationship between societal diglossia and individual Bilingualism. Interviews with fifty-seven speakers, treated as a sequence of ethno-acts and ethno-events, are guided by the general question of sociolinguistic research -- who uses what language with whom, when, where, and why? Using Hymes mnemonic code of SPEAKING leads to the description of a shared history and a shared way of speaking as well as to insights into linguistic continuity, change, and compartmentalization. Telling Stories (Out of School) ends; with tales of an ethnic revival in Mennonite schools and community today -- with new voices speaking Low German High German, and English. While the present ethnography of a Mennonite speech community in Canada, framed in Manitoba schools between 1890 and 1990, should be regarded as impressionistic and preliminary, the fact remains -- language dominance does do something to the life of language in a community as does language education policy that attempts to "start where the child is ... linguisticallly."
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Thompson, Shannon C. "Resonance in Tongue Drums." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428423607.

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Holroyde-Downing, Nancy. "Tongues on fire : on the origins and transmission of a system of tongue diagnosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040369/.

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This dissertation explores the origins and development of a Chinese diagnostic system based on the inspection of the tongue, and the transmission of this practice to Europe in the late 17th century. Drawing on the rich textual history of China, I will show that the tongue is cited as an indicator of illness or a portent of death in the classic texts of the Han dynasty, but these references do not amount to a system of diagnosis. I will argue that the privileging of the tongue as a diagnostic tool is a relatively recent occurrence in the history of Chinese medicine. Paying particular attention to case records kept by physicians from the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) to the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), I will show that an increasing interest in the appearance of the tongue was specifcally due to its ability to refect the presence and intensity of heat in the body. Tongue inspection’s growing pervasiveness coincided with an emerging discourse among Chinese physicians concerning the relative usefulness of shanghan 傷寒 (Cold Damage) or wenbing 溫病 (Warm Disease) theories of disease progression. With the establishment of global trade routes in the 16th and 17th centuries the transmission of knowledge, objects and practices from China to Europe was facilitated. I will argue that among the various medical practices of China that fascinated European audiences, tongue diagnosis, unlike pulse diagnosis, was able to stand outside the constraints of Chinese medical theory in its transmission to Europe.
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Huo, Xueliang. "Tongue drive: a wireless tongue-operated assistive technology for people with severe disabilities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45887.

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The main objective of the presented research is to design, fabricate, fully characterize, and assess the usability and functionality of a novel wireless tongue-operated assistive technology, called Tongue Drive System (TDS), that allows individuals with severe physical disabilities (such as quadriplegics) to effectively access computers, drive powered wheelchairs, and control environments using their voluntary tongue motion. The system can wirelessly detect users' tongue movements using an array of magnetic sensors, and a magnetic tracer secured on the tongue, and translate them into a set of user-defined commands in real time, which can then be used to communicate with target devices in users' environment. The principal advantage of the TDS is that a combination of magnetic sensors and a small permanent magnet can capture a large number of tongue movements, each of which can represent one specific command. A set of dedicated tongue movements can be configured as specific commands for each individual user based on his/her preferences, lifestyle, and remaining abilities. As a result, this technology can benefit a wide range of potential users with different types of disabilities. The work carried out in this dissertation is largely split into three portions: (1) Development, fabrication and characterization of external TDS (eTDS) prototypes to verify the concept of TDS that is detecting and extracting user's intention through their voluntary tongue motion, utilizing a combination of magnetic sensors and a small magnet, as well as the application of this idea in the context of assistive technology. This part of the work is presented in Chapters IV, V and VI. (2) Assessment of the TDS performance in medium term usage for both computer access and wheelchair control. The main purpose of this work was to gain valuable insight into the TDS learning process and its current limiting factors, which could lead the way in designing new generations of TDS with improved usability. This portion of the work is described in Chapter VII. (3) Development and performance assessment of a multimodal TDS (mTDS), that operates based on the information collected from two independent input channels: the tongue motion and speech. This multimodal system expands the access beyond one input channel and therefore improves the speed of access by increasing the information transfer bandwidth between users and computers. This part of the work is presented in Chapters VIII and IX. This dissertation has contributed to the innovation and advancement of the start-of-the-art assistive technology research by exploring, realizing and validating the use of tongue motion as a voluntary motor output to substitute some of the lost arm and hand functions in people with severe disabilities for computer access, wheelchair navigation, and environmental control.
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Beukes, Johannes Daniel. "Language shift within two generations : Afrikaans mother tongue parents raising English mother tongue children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97150.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community of Paarl, in the Western Cape, is traditionally Afrikaans-speaking. This research investigated whether a language shift has occurred in some middle-class communities in Paarl. Certain Coloured neighbourhoods were identified. The emphasis was also on whether Afrikaans-speaking parents chose to raise their children in English. It was found that a language shift, predominantly towards English, has indeed occurred where Afrikaans first language (L1) parents were raising their children in English. This finding differs from earlier studies by Anthonissen and George (2003) and by Fortuin (2009), in which only two or three families were studied, whereas this study engaged with 50 households. This study focused mainly on the parents and their views about their decisions. Not only was the occurrence of a language shift confirmed, but the complexity of the matter was also highlighted. An attempt to preserve Afrikaans as heritage language was also noted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gemeenskap van Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, is tradisioneel Afrikaanssprekend. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek of daar ’n taalverskuiwing in die middelklasgemeenskap in Paarl plaasgevind het. Die klem is ook laat val op die vraag of dit Afrikaanssprekende ouers is wat kies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die bevinding was dat ’n taalverskuiwing wel plaasgevind het waar ouers met Afrikaans as moedertaal verkies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die verskuiwing is derhalwe hoofsaaklik na Engels. Hierdie bevindings verskil van vroeëre studies deur Anthonissen en George (2003), asook Fortuin (2009), wat twee of drie spesifieke families ondersoek het; daarteenoor het hierdie studie 50 huisgesinne betrek. Die studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ouers en hulle siening oor die rede vir hulle besluit. Die studie het nie net bevestig dat ’n taalverskuiwing plaasgevind het nie, die kompleksiteit van die kwessie is ook uitgelig. Daar is ook waargeneem dat ’n poging aangewend word om Afrikaans as moedertaal te behou.
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Yuen, Po-wing, and 袁寶榮. "Carcinoma of tongue: clinicopathological study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979609.

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Books on the topic "Tongue"

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Akínyẹmí, Akíntúndé. African creative expressions: Mother tongue and other tongues. Eckersdorf: Thielmann & Breitinger, 2011.

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Firmat, Gustavo Pérez. Tongue Ties. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403980922.

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Sakr, Mahmoud F. Tongue Lesions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9.

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Özdamar, Emine Sevgi. Mother tongue. Toronto: Coach House Press, 1994.

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Barreto-Rivera, Rafael. Nimrod's tongue. Toronto: Coach House Press, 1985.

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Joanou, Alice. Black tongue. New York: Rhinoceros, 1995.

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Seiferle, Rebecca. Wild tongue. Port Townsend, Wash: Copper Canyon Press, 2007.

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Flynn, Rachel Contreni. Tongue: Poems. Los Angeles: Red Hen Press, 2010.

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Elgin, Suzette Haden. Native tongue. London: The Women's Press, 1985.

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Canada, Statistics, ed. Mother tongue. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tongue"

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Felstiner, John. "Mother Tongue, Holy Tongue." In Subverting Scriptures, 67–91. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230101296_5.

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von Arx, Thomas, and Scott Lozanoff. "Tongue." In Clinical Oral Anatomy, 489–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41993-0_23.

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Johnson, Jennifer, Brian DelGiudice, Dinesh S. Bangari, Eleanor Peterson, Gregory Ulinski, Susan Ryan, and Beth L. Thurberg. "Tongue." In The Laboratory Mouse, edited by Gayle Callis, 71–72. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429057755-36.

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Khoja, Meenaz, and Sabha Mushtaq. "Tongue." In Atlas of Clinical Dermatology in Coloured Skin, 403. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351054225-45.

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Panlay, Suriyan. "Tongue-Tied." In Racism in Contemporary African American Children’s and Young Adult Literature, 93–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42893-2_4.

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van der Wal, Jacqueline E. "Geographic Tongue." In Encyclopedia of Pathology, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_711-1.

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van der Wal, Jacqueline E. "Hairy Tongue." In Encyclopedia of Pathology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_726-1.

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Yuen, Anthony Po-Wing. "Tongue Cancer." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_5856-2.

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Stavans, Ilan. "Tongue Snatcher." In Art and Anger, 204–9. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06033-4_18.

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Obwegeser, Hugo L. "Tongue Reduction." In Mandibular Growth Anomalies, 433–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04534-3_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tongue"

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Zhang, Qian, and Fangping Mu. "Automated Tongue Image Segmentation in Tongue Diagnosis." In 2023 8th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsip57908.2023.10271072.

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Nam, Hye Yeon, and Carl DiSalvo. "Tongue music." In the 28th of the international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1754235.

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Li, Qingli, Jingao Liu, Gonghai Xiao, and Yongqi Xue. "Hyperspectral Tongue Imaging System Used in Tongue Diagnosis." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.978.

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Xu, J., E. Geng, L. Brake, J. Mellia, B. Keenan, C. Hoge, T. Lin, S. Helgeson, A. Wiemken, and R. J. Schwab. "Associations Between Tongue Volume and Tongue Protrusion Force." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6447.

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Shijo, Ryota, Mizuki Nagano, Izumi Mizoguchi, Takahiro Ando, Kanji Tamura, Keigo Hiki, Sho Sakurai, Koichi Hirota, and Takuya Nojima. "Licker: A Tongue Robot for Representing Realistic Tongue Motions." In SA '19: SIGGRAPH Asia 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355049.3360533.

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Niu, Shuo, Li Liu, and D. Scott McCrickard. "Tongue-able interfaces." In the 16th international ACM SIGACCESS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661334.2661395.

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Li, Zheng, Ryan Robucci, Nilanjan Banerjee, and Chintan Patel. "Tongue-n-cheek." In the 14th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2737095.2737109.

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Goel, Mayank, Chen Zhao, Ruth Vinisha, and Shwetak N. Patel. "Tongue-in-Cheek." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702591.

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Liu, Laura Li, David Zhang, Ajay Kumar, and Xiangqian Wu. "Tongue line extraction." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761651.

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Jia Wu, Yonghong Zhang, and Jing Bai. "Tongue Area Extraction in Tongue Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1615586.

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Reports on the topic "Tongue"

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Swinney, Joan. Telling Stories (Out of School) of Mother Tongue, God's Tongue, and the Queen's Tongue: An Ethnography in Canada. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1239.

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SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. The Tongue and Quill. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404949.

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Tofaris, Elizabeth, and Rebecca Thornton. Mother Tongue Education Improves Literacy in Uganda. REAL Centre, University of Cambridge and The Impact Initiative, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii319.

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Arnoldussen, Aimee, and Richard Hogle. BrainPort(Registered trademark) Technology Tongue Interface Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada522497.

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Atwater, Kirk, Weston Connor, Dillon Gaul, Colin Vagts, Joseph R. Vanstrom, and Jacek A. Koziel. Prototype Bale Trailer and Tongue Finite Element Analysis. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/tsm416-180814-3.

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WICAB INC MIDDLETON WI. BrainPort Technology Tongue Interface Characterization Tactical Underwater Navigation System (TUNS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523883.

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Mahdi, Juwan, and Yarjanik Kerob. The Language of the Armenian Ethno-Linguistic Subgroup in Kurdistan Region of Iraq from the Last Generation to Today. Institute of Development Studies, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.003.

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Abstract:
This topic is significant because it considers the language of an ethno-religious group, the Armenian people, in Iraq with non-Arab or Kurdish origins. The Armenian people did not originate from Iraq but from Armenia, one of the smaller countries in the former Soviet Union. Many Armenians were forced to migrate in 1915 to different countries in the Middle East due to ethnic cleansing under the Ottomans. This study explores the different methods by which the Armenian community has maintained its native Armenian language during its history in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). To this end, the study includes a comparison of how the language was viewed and maintained across two successive generations of Armenians in KRI. The findings show that the first generation is divided into those who speak Armenian and those who assimilated and speak Kurdish. Those who no longer speak Armenian prioritised integration and moved away from their mother tongue. This posed a threat to the ongoing maintenance of the language in these communities. However, the younger generation has worked to revive its mother tongue by learning it in schools established in the region approximately 20 years ago.
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Liang, Feixin. Effect of reactive oxygen species on the ligand-independent activation of EGFR in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Science Repository, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.dobcr.2018.02.005.

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Chang, Ke-Vin. Association of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Dysphagia with Tongue Strength: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.2.0060.

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Young, J. S., J. Q. Word, C. W. Apts, M. E. Barrows, V. I. Cullinan, and N. P. Kohn. Confirmatory chemical analyses and solid phase bioassays on sediment from the Columbia River Estuary at Tongue Point, Oregon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6516330.

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