Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tone'
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Zhang, Zheng-sheng. "Tone and tone sandhi in Chinese." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1988. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?8907344.
Pham, Hoa T. "Vietnamese tone, tone is not pitch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63689.pdf.
Hartmann, Katharina. "Focus and Tone." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1972/.
Banterle, Francesco. "Inverse tone mapping." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55447/.
Chan, Lee Lee L. "Fuzhou Tone Sandhi /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935444.
Emonts, Michael William. "Memory-based Tone Recognition of Cantonese Syllables." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/60.
Karlsson, Christoffer, and Lukas Schachtschabel. "Legible Tone Mapping : An evaluation of text processed by tone mapping operators." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12748.
D'Oyley, Heather M. "Vasodilators and venous tone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27871.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate
Bao, Zhiming. "The structure of tone /." New York [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0602/99019275-d.html.
Ighoroje, Ahbor Dolly Awani. "pH and vascular tone." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293493.
Vančura, Jan. "Tone-mapping HDR obrazů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237159.
Mwita, Leonard Chacha. "Verbal tone in Kuria." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666904901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pulleyblank, Douglas George. "Tone in lexical phonology /." Dordrecht : Boston ; Lancaster : Netherlands ; GB : D. Reidel, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34931840s.
Tsay, Jane S. "Tone Alteration in Taiwanese." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227272.
Hsieh, Feng-fan. "Relational correspondence in tone sandhi." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41698.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-292).
This dissertation proposes that the constraint component of OT grammars should be expanded to include a family of faithfulness constraints that evaluate input-output/output-output mappings for the preservation of gross Fo contours (rising, falling, level) across two or more segments. Following Steriade (2006), I refer to constraints in this family as Relational Correspondence constraints. The central tenet of Relational Correspondence is that phonological processes are shaped by pressure to maintain perceptual similarity between correspondent relations between successive elements, or syntagmatic contrast preservation in the auditory domain Fo, as opposed to paradigmatic contrast preservation according to which the well-formedness of an entity is evaluated with reference to the set of entities it contrasts with. Two types of Relational Correspondence are distinguished in this work: Contour and Slope Correspondence. Contour Correspondence, formulated as RELCORR constraints, assesses correspondence of the phonological height (Fo scaling) relation between successive tones. Four height relations are proposed for the tonal contour: "greater than" (x>y), "less than" (x
Ph.D.
Sietsema, Brian Mark. "Metrical dependencies in tone assignment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14226.
Bao, Zhiming. "On the nature of tone." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14143.
Wilson, Brian George. "5-tone ZVEI encoder analyser." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1141.
This thesis describes the development of a 5-Tone Zentral Verband Electrotechische Industrie eZVEI) Encoder Analyser. The 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser is used by the Radio Section of the Test and Metering Branch, which falls under the Electricity Department of the Cape Town City Council. It assists the Quality Assurance Technician in determining whether the 5 tone ZVEI encoder, of the radio under test, is operating within the manufacturers specifications. Various manufacturers of radio equipment tender for the supply of mobile radios fitted with ZVEI tone The Radio Section are now capable of testing encoders. all the various radios and comparing the analysed ZVEI specifications of each manufacturer's radio. The results can be used to assist management in deciding which radio would be the most suitable for purchasing. The development of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser involved the design and development of hardware and software. It was designed to be housed in a compact enclosure and to interface to a Motorola Communications System Analyser Model R-2001C. The RF output, from the radio under test, connects to the RF input of the Communications System Analyser. The demodulated output of the Communications System Analyser connects to the input of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser. The softwa~e was designed using PLM-51 high level language to p~ovide ~eal-time analysis of va~ious selective-calls (selcalls) ~eceived f~om the demodulated output of the Communications System Analyser. Once all 5 tones of the ZVEI selcall have been analysed the software background task is flagged and the analysed results a~e displayed as various MODES of display on a 16 cha~acte~ by 4 line dot matrix display. The following parameters of the ZVEI selcall a~e analysed: i) Frequency Digits. ii) Frequency fo~ each of the 5 tones. iii) Tone Duration for each of the 5 tones. iv) Frequency Error for the 5 tones. v) Tone Duration Er~or for the 5 tones. The design and development of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encode~ Analyser was conducted at the Computer Section of the Electricity Depa~tment, Cape Town City Council.
Nejezchleb, Ivan. "Tone-mapping pro HDR obrazy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236674.
Lawson, Michael Wayne. "Relationship Between Line and Tone." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83777.
Master of Architecture
Murnane, Owen D., Faith W. Akin, and T. Medley. "Tone-Evoked Vestibular Myogenic Potentials." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1911.
Peng, Long. "A unified theory of tone-voice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185871.
De, Freitas Sandra. "A Psychoanalytical Study on the Importance of Skin Tone in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30521.
Moseley, Brian Christopher. "Twelve-Tone Cartography| Space, Chains, and Intimations of "Tonal" Form in Anton Webern's Twelve-Tone Music." Thesis, City University of New York, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601934.
This dissertation proposes a theory and methodology for creating musical spaces, or maps, to model form in Webern’s twelve-tone compositions. These spaces are intended to function as “musical grammars,” in the sense proposed by Robert Morris. And therefore, significant time is spent discussing the primary syntactic component of Webern’s music, the transformation chain, and its interaction with a variety of associational features, including segmental invariance and pitch(-class) symmetry. Throughout the dissertation, these spaces function as an analytical tools in an exploration of this music’s deep engagement with classical formal concepts and designs. This study includes analytical discussions of the Piano Variations, Op. 27 and the String Quartet, Op. 28, and extended analytical explorations of the second movement of the Quartet, Op. 22, and two movements from the Cantata I, Op. 29.
Mar, Li-Ya. "covert contrast| The acquisition of Mandarin tone 2 and tone 3 in L2 production and perception." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123605.
This dissertation investigates the occurrence of an intermediate stage, termed a covert contrast, in the acquisition of Mandarin Tone 2 (T2) and Tone 3 (T3) by adult speakers of American English. A covert contrast is a statistically reliable distinction produced by language learners that is not perceived by native speakers of the target language (TL). In second language (L2) acquisition, whether a learner is judged as having acquired a TL phonemic contrast has largely depended on whether the contrast was perceived and transcribed by native speakers of the TL. However, categorical perception has shown that native listeners cannot perceive a distinction between two sounds that fall within the same perceptual boundaries on the continuum of the relevant acoustic cues. In other words, it is possible that native speakers of the TL do not perceive a phonemic distinction that is produced by L2 learners when that distinction occurs within a phonemic boundary of TL.
The data for the study were gathered through two elicitations of tone production, a longitudinal analysis, and two perception tasks. There were three key findings. First, both elicitations showed that most of the L2 participants produced a covert contrast between T2 and T3 on at least one of the three acoustic measures used in the study. Second, the longitudinal analysis reveals that some L2 participants progressed from making a covert contrast to a later stage of implementing an overt one, thereby supporting the claim that making a covert contrast is an intermediate stage in the process of acquiring a L2 phonemic contrast. Third, results of the perceptual tasks showed no reliable difference in identifying and discriminating Mandarin T2 and T3 on the part of the L2 learners who produced a covert contrast and those who produced an overt contrast, indicating that there was no reliable difference in the two groups’ ability to perceive the target tones.
In all, the occurrence of a covert contrast in the process of acquiring Mandarin T2 and T3 suggests that L2 acquisition of a tonal contrast is a gradient process, one in which an intermediate step occurs before a L2 learner reaches the final stage of implementing an overt contrast that is perceived as target-like by the native speakers of the TL.
Lui, Yik-yee Jessica. "Cantonese tone perception in young children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207597.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.
Bartram, Cathryn Virginia. "An investigation of tone in Walungge." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14184/.
Yiu, Suet-yee, and 姚雪儀. "Aspects of tone in Cantonese English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211151.
Yuzawa, Nobuo. "The rise-fall tone in English." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250642.
Samba, Philippe. "The system of tone in Kikongo." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292088.
Coe, J. Y. "Alteration of neonatal pulmonary vascular tone." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381381.
Cochran, Jennie E. (Jennie Eleanor) 1981. "Learning Internet from tone of voice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28383.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56).
The ability to discern information from the tone of voice that a person uses is an important part of social interactions. Synthetic characters that can interact naturally with humans could take advantage of this information if they could discern it. I propose that a synthetic character with a vocalization affect classifier and the ability to learn associations can use the tone of voice of the person interacting with her to predict what the person is going to do. In this approach the classifier learns to distinguish tones in real time allowing the character to adapt to new tones. I describe the implementation of the system, called Minimus T.O. Mouse, and its extensions from previous affect classifying systems and previous synthetic characters.
by Jennie E. Cochran.
M.Eng.
Staněk, Jiří. "Metody temporálního tone-mappingu HDR videa." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403155.
Ioan, Cristina. "Developing the flute tone through singing." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1140.
Este estudo pretende propor um método alternativo para melhorar o som na execução da flauta utilizanto elementos da técnica vocal. É uma pesquisa interdisciplinar que consiste em desenvolver, experimentar e analisar exercícios e métodos para estudar flauta através do canto. ABSTRACT: This music study whants to propose an alternative method for developing the flute tone by using singing techniques. It is a piece of interdisciplinary reasearch consisting in developing, experimenting, and analyzing exercises and methods for practicing flute through singing.
Boitard, Ronan. "Temporal coherency in video tone mapping." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S060/document.
One of the main goals of digital imagery is to improve the capture and the reproduction of real or synthetic scenes on display devices with restricted capabilities. Standard imagery techniques are limited with respect to the dynamic range that they can capture and reproduce. High Dynamic Range (HDR) imagery aims at overcoming these limitations by capturing, representing and displaying the physical value of light measured in a scene. However, current commercial displays will not vanish instantly hence backward compatibility between HDR content and those displays is required. This compatibility is ensured through an operation called tone mapping that retargets the dynamic range of HDR content to the restricted dynamic range of a display device. Although many tone mapping operators exist, they focus mostly on still images. The challenges of tone mapping HDR videos are more complex than those of still images since the temporal dimensions is added. In this work, the focus was on the preservation of temporal coherency when performing video tone mapping. Two main research avenues are investigated: the subjective quality of tone mapped video content and their compression efficiency. Indeed, tone mapping independently each frame of a video sequence leads to temporal artifacts. Those artifacts impair the visual quality of the tone mapped video sequence and need to be reduced. Through experimentations with HDR videos and Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs), we categorized temporal artifacts into six categories. We tested video tone mapping operators (techniques that take into account more than a single frame) on the different types of temporal artifact and we observed that they could handle only three out of the six types. Consequently, we designed a post-processing technique that adapts to any tone mapping operator and reduces the three types of artifact not dealt with. A subjective evaluation reported that our technique always preserves or increases the subjective quality of tone mapped content for the sequences and TMOs tested. The second topic investigated was the compression of tone mapped video content. So far, work on tone mapping and video compression focused on optimizing a tone map curve to achieve high compression ratio. These techniques changed the rendering of the video to reduce its entropy hence removing any artistic intent or constraint on the final results. That is why, we proposed a technique that reduces the entropy of a tone mapped video without altering its rendering
Liu, Chun Hung. "Bit-depth expansion and tone mapping /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202008%20LIU.
Correia, Marcelo Lima De Gusmao. "Sympathetic vascular tone in human obesity." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/134.
Wilson, Darren. "pH and vascular smooth muscle tone." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362288.
Goswami, Abhishek. "Content-aware HDR tone mapping algorithms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG013.
The ratio between the brightest and the darkest luminance intensity in High Dynamic Range (HDR) images is larger than the rendering capability of the output media. Tone mapping operators (TMOs) compress the HDR image while preserving the perceptual cues thereby modifying the subjective aesthetic quality. Age old painting and photography techniques of manual exposure correction has inspired a lot of research for TMOs. However, unlike the manual retouching process based on semantic content of the image, TMOs in literature have mostly relied upon photographic rules or adaptation principles of human vision to aim for the 'best' aesthetic quality which is ill-posed due to its subjectivity. Our work reformulates the challenges of tone mapping by stepping into the shoes of a photographer, following the photographic principles, image statistics and their local retouching recipe to achieve the tonal adjustments. In this thesis, we present two semantic aware TMOs – a traditional SemanticTMO and a deep learning-based GSemTMO. Our novel TMOs explicitly use semantic information in the tone mapping pipeline. Our novel GSemTMO is the first instance of graph convolutional networks (GCN) being used for aesthetic image enhancement. We show that graph-based learning can leverage the spatial arrangement of semantic segments like the local masks made by experts. It creates a scene understanding based on the semantic specific image statistics a predicts a dynamic local tone mapping. Comparing our results to traditional and modern deep learning-based TMOs, we show that G-SemTMO can emulate an expert’s recipe and reach closer to reference aesthetic styles than the state-of-the-art methods
Chow, Tak-yu David. "Lexical tone production in Cantonese alaryngeal speech." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209612.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.
Bharadwaj, Lalita Anne. "Oxygen free radicals, mediators of vascular tone." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24005.pdf.
Picton, Peter Evan. "Multiple tone pair distortion product otoacoustic emissions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ45426.pdf.
Balch, Samora Julie. "Factors regulating arteriolar tone during microvascular growth." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5423.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 251 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Larsson, Kristian, and Michael Larsson. "HDR och Tone mapping i automatiserade tullsystem." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21715.
Hinds, Kevin. "Mechanisms controlling vascular tone in the retina." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601656.
Duan, Jiang. "Tone mapping for high dynamic range images." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437085.
Sexton, Anita-Jane. "Local control of human umbilical vessel tone." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321660.
Yoshino, Toshihiko. "Choice behaviour of rats under tone-punishment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325587.
Williams, David John. "The control of vascular tone in pregnancy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404899.
"The perception of Cantonese tones by speakers of tone and non-tone languages." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549213.
The influences of first language (L1) experience and psychoacoustic factors are well-attested in the perception of non-native segments, but such influence on the perception of non-native tones is still unclear. While the presence of lexical tones in L1 could cause differences in the perception of tones between speakers of tone languages and of non-tone languages, language-specific use of pitch may differentiate speakers of non-tone languages as well. This study conducted two experiments to investigate how L1 experience and psychoacoustic factors affect speakers of tone language (Mandarin) and two non-tone languages (English and French) in the perception of Cantonese tones. In Experiment 1, three groups of subjects with no Cantonese knowledge, native speakers of Mandarin, English and French, participated in an AX discrimination task of speech and non-speech tones in Cantonese. Results showed that the subjects performed differently in the speech and non-speech tasks. In the speech task, while the three L1 groups shared some confusable tone pairs due to acoustic similarity of the tonal stimuli, the Mandarin group had a better performance than the English and French groups and differed from them in specific pairs under the influence of L1 experience. In the non-speech task, however, the three L1 groups did not have significant differences. In Experiment 2, the same subjects participated in a dissimilarity rating task of speech tones. Results indicated that the three L1 groups assigned weight to different dimensions of tones because of the language-specific use of pitch in their L1. While the Mandarin speakers were more sensitive to pitch direction than pitch height, the English and French speakers were similar in only attending to pitch height. Nevertheless, they also differed in terms of the perceptual cues they used. The English speakers attended to the beginning and ending pitch height whereas the French speakers were sensitive to the overall pitch height. In summary, L1 experience with native tones facilitated the Mandarin speakers’ perception of non-native Cantonese tones. The English and French speakers had no difference in discriminating non-native tones due to the lack of lexical tones in their L1, although they were sensitive to different perceptual cues. The findings are discussed with respect to current models of non-native perception, the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and the Attention to Dimension (A2D) model. Our findings suggest that L1 experience and psychoacoustic similarity of stimuli jointly influence the perception of non-native tones and both factors should be incorporated into the models of speech perception.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Qin, Zhen.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-93).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in also Chinese; appendix A in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.III
摘要 --- p.IV
Acknowledgements --- p.V
Table of Content --- p.VI
List of Figures --- p.IX
List of Tables --- p.X
Chapter CHPATER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Factors in perception of non-native tones --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our aim --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Our solution --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.4
Chapter CHPATER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Modeling cross-linguistic perception --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Category Assimilation Approach---the PAM --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cue-Weighting Approach---the A2D model --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Comparison of the two models --- p.11
Chapter 2.3. --- Perception of lexical tones --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.1 --- The phonemic status of pitch --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Perceptual cues of tones --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.15
Chapter 2.4. --- Pitch in Cantonese, Mandarin and English and French --- p.16
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Lexical tones in Cantonese --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Lexical tones in Mandarin --- p.18
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Pitch in English and French --- p.19
Chapter 2.5 --- Research Questions --- p.22
Chapter 2.6 --- Predictions --- p.22
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- EXPERIMENT ONE --- p.26
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- Subjects --- p.27
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials --- p.31
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Speech stimuli --- p.31
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Non-speech stimuli --- p.34
Chapter 3.4 --- Procedures --- p.35
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Speech Task --- p.35
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Non-speech task --- p.36
Chapter 3.5 --- Results and Analysis --- p.37
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Overall performance in the speech task versus non-speech task --- p.37
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Performance for individual tone pairs --- p.40
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Different types of tone pairs --- p.46
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Individual differences --- p.48
Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.53
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Overall performance in speech and non-speech tasks --- p.53
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Performance on individual tone pairs --- p.54
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Individual differences --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Comparison with previous studies --- p.57
Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.58
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EXPERIMENT TWO --- p.59
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.59
Chapter 4.2 --- Subjects and Materials --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Procedures --- p.60
Chapter 4.4 --- Analysis --- p.61
Chapter 4.5 --- Results --- p.62
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Number of Dimensions --- p.62
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Tonal distribution --- p.64
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Interpretation of dimensions --- p.64
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Weighting of dimensions and individuals --- p.65
Chapter 4.6 --- Discussion --- p.66
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.66
Chapter 4.6.2 --- L1 experience --- p.67
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Comparison with the discrimination task --- p.68
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Comparison with previous studies --- p.69
Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.70
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.71
Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.2 --- L1 experience --- p.71
Chapter 5.2 --- Revisiting the PAM and the A2D model --- p.73
Chapter 5.2.1 --- The predictions of the two models --- p.73
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Evaluations of the two models --- p.76
Chapter 5.3 --- The psycholinguistic representation of lexical tone --- p.79
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Tone versus Segment --- p.79
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Tone versus Other prosodic categories --- p.80
Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations and Future study --- p.82
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.83
References --- p.85
Appendix --- p.94
Chapter Appendix A- --- The randomized wordlists --- p.94
Chapter Appendix B- --- Dissimilarity rating answer sheet --- p.95