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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tone production'
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Chow, Tak-yu David. "Lexical tone production in Cantonese alaryngeal speech." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209612.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.
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Mar, Li-Ya. "covert contrast| The acquisition of Mandarin tone 2 and tone 3 in L2 production and perception." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123605.
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This dissertation investigates the occurrence of an intermediate stage, termed a covert contrast, in the acquisition of Mandarin Tone 2 (T2) and Tone 3 (T3) by adult speakers of American English. A covert contrast is a statistically reliable distinction produced by language learners that is not perceived by native speakers of the target language (TL). In second language (L2) acquisition, whether a learner is judged as having acquired a TL phonemic contrast has largely depended on whether the contrast was perceived and transcribed by native speakers of the TL. However, categorical perception has shown that native listeners cannot perceive a distinction between two sounds that fall within the same perceptual boundaries on the continuum of the relevant acoustic cues. In other words, it is possible that native speakers of the TL do not perceive a phonemic distinction that is produced by L2 learners when that distinction occurs within a phonemic boundary of TL.
The data for the study were gathered through two elicitations of tone production, a longitudinal analysis, and two perception tasks. There were three key findings. First, both elicitations showed that most of the L2 participants produced a covert contrast between T2 and T3 on at least one of the three acoustic measures used in the study. Second, the longitudinal analysis reveals that some L2 participants progressed from making a covert contrast to a later stage of implementing an overt one, thereby supporting the claim that making a covert contrast is an intermediate stage in the process of acquiring a L2 phonemic contrast. Third, results of the perceptual tasks showed no reliable difference in identifying and discriminating Mandarin T2 and T3 on the part of the L2 learners who produced a covert contrast and those who produced an overt contrast, indicating that there was no reliable difference in the two groups’ ability to perceive the target tones.
In all, the occurrence of a covert contrast in the process of acquiring Mandarin T2 and T3 suggests that L2 acquisition of a tonal contrast is a gradient process, one in which an intermediate step occurs before a L2 learner reaches the final stage of implementing an overt contrast that is perceived as target-like by the native speakers of the TL.
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Hamilton, James R. "Optimizing tone production on a 300 spot per inch laser printer /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10123.
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Schwanhäu[beta]er, Barbara. "Lexical tone perception and production the role of language and musical background /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31791.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007."A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, MARCS Auditory Laboratories in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliography.
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Yang, Bei. "A model of Mandarin tone categories--a study of perception and production." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/764.
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The current study lays the groundwork for a model of Mandarin tones based on both native speakers' and non-native speakers' perception and production. It demonstrates that there is variability in non-native speakers' tone productions and that there are differences in the perceptual boundaries in native speakers and non-native speakers.
There are four experiments in this study. Experiment 1 utilizes native speakers' production data from a published speech database to explore the features of tone production by native speakers. Inter-speaker normalization is used to analyze the data. Experiment 2 synthesizes 81 tones that are carried by four sentences to measure perception by native and non-native speakers. The intra-speaker and inter-speaker normalization is used to investigate the perceptual space of T1, T2, T3, and T4. The researcher also explores the salient features distinguish native speakers' and non-native speakers' perception of the four principal tones. Experiment 3 uses both synthesized tones and natural tones that are carried by sentences to explore how pitch values of tones create overlapping areas in the perceptual map. Experiment 4 examines tone production by non-native speakers to identify the differences between native speakers' perception and non-native speakers' production; and the differences between non-native speakers' perception and their production of tones.
The results of the perception and production experiments with native speakers show the perceptual boundaries and tonal categories in the perceptual space and the production space. The difference of native speakers' perception and production shows us the perceptual cue for perception. Meanwhile, the similarities of native speakers' perception and production reveal the acoustic cues, including register and contour, for tone perception and production. The results of the perception experiments with non-native speakers indicate that there are no clear boundaries, and that tone overlap in the perceptual space. Register plays an important role in the perception of tones by non-native speakers. The results of non-native speaker production also show overlapping tones in the acoustic space. The non-native speaker production appears to be determined by the contour of the tones in contrast both the contour and register determine the tonal categories of native speaker.
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Wilcocks, Gerda Reinette. "Improving tone production on the flute with regards to embouchure, lip flexibility, vibrato and tone colour, as seen from a classical music perspective." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09132007-163345/.
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Law, Choi-hung Rainbow. "The effect of sentence context on the production of the Cantonese low-rising tone." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207962.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2001."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2001." Also available in print.
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Zintchenko, Jurlina Jevgenij [Verfasser], Henning [Gutachter] Reetz, and Sven [Gutachter] Grawunder. "The production of lexical tone in Croatian / Jevgenij Zintchenko Jurlina ; Gutachter: Henning Reetz, Sven Grawunder." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189728931/34.
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Lee, Kit-ching Angela. "Tone production ability in Cantonese-speaking hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants or hearing aids." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42005632.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-30). Also available in print.
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Thom, Lisa. "An overview of traditional and modern flutes with regard to material, construction and tone production." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8152.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The first flutes were made in prehistoric times when a caveman decided to hollow out a bone, pierce a small hole in it and blow in it in a particular way to make a sound. Since then different cultures from all over the world have made many different types of flutes. They are shaped differently, held differently and played in various ways, but the one thing they all have in common is that they are all hollow objects that produce a sound when the player blows air across a hole; this airstream oscillates - it either goes entirely into the hole or entirely out of the hole. This oscillation creates the vibration necessary to produce a sound, with the tube as a resonator. The airstream is either directed across the edge by the player's lips (transverse flute), or it is blown through a mouthpiece that channels the air across an edge (recorder). In both cases the air column passes through a hollow body where it vibrates to produce a note.
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Kwok, Chui-ling Irene. "Electropalatographic investigation of normal Cantonese speech : a qualitative and quantitative analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626135.
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Kim, Gyuwan. "A Pedagogical Guide to Teaching Tone Production for Elementary-Level Piano Students, with Examples from Appropriate Elementary-Level Music." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707233/.
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The early stage of piano students' training is one of the most important, because it is then that they establish their habits for life. Those who teach beginners need clear principles for developing a solid technical foundation and for preventing bad technical habits. One of the most difficult principles to inculcate in young students is that of tone production and quality. The primary purpose of this study is to provide a pedagogical guide to help piano teachers teach tone production to elementary-level students. To accomplish this purpose, the strategies of the twentieth-century pedagogues Josef Lhévinne, Josef Hofmann, and Heinrich Neuhaus are examined, and applied to the elementary-level piano literature. This study offers practical training suggestions to teachers of elementary piano students as well as musical examples from high-quality piano literature to accompany these suggestions.
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Aarons, Andrew. "Tone colour and quality on the 21st century piano: approaches to interpretation using differentiated sound production." Thesis, Royal College of Music, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576940.
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Wong, Lai-na Lina. "Intensive voice treatment for Cantonese-speaking patients with Parkinson's disease effects on intonation and lexical tone production /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38890847.
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Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-30) Also available in print.
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Dunbar-Wells, Roslyn. "The relevance of metaphor in voice teaching : a comparative study of sinus tone production and vocal cord theories." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388398.
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King, Brian William, and n/a. "An experimental investigation of the effects of mouthpiece control on alto saxophone tone in the student player." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060814.133145.
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Good tone is one of an alto saxophone player's greatest assets and
consequently deserves high priority in training and pedagogy. The
current pedagogical literature gives little attention to tone production
on the saxophone. The mouthpiece is the link between the player and
the saxophone. This study examined the effect of the normal
mouthpiece pitch and the pitch range produced on the saxophone
mouthpiece on alto saxophone tone quality .
In this experimental study, recordings were made of forty-three
student alto saxophone players who performed tasks consisting of three
saxophone mouthpiece exercises and four short musical phrases on the
saxophone.
The tape recordings were used to provide a spectral analysis of the
tone samples by Fast Fourier Transform Analysis, and to allow
qualitative analysis by five expert judges. The judges used a
saxophone listening profile to provide qualitative evaluation of the
recordings.
Cluster analysis produced three groups of subjects according to
combinations of the mouthpiece pitch and range produced. The mean
sustained mouthpiece pitch and mouthpiece range of the groups were:
Cluster 1 - 790 Hz and 550 cents; Cluster 2 1023 Hz and 150 cents:
and Cluster 3 - 820 Hz and 1203 cents.
Analysis of variance was used to test for statistically significant
differences between the clusters. Discriminant analysis was used to
identify other variables which contributed to the formation of the three
clusters.
The quantitative analysis of both mouthpiece and saxophone tones
provided no insight into the spectra of the student subjects.
The qualitative analysis using bipolar descriptors provided valid
criteria which could be applied consistently for the analysis of student
saxophone tone. A Tonal Index was computed from the judges' ratings
in order to test for differences in tone between the clusters.
Analysis of variance tests showed significant differences in the tone
produced by the clusters on both the mouthpiece and the saxophone.
The tone produced by Cluster 3 was significantly different to that
produced by Clusters 1 and 2 at the p < .05 level.
Discriminant analysis identified the use of saxophone tone models
(through comparative critical listening) and small group performance as
significant predictor variables (at the p < .05 level) in the formation of
the clusters.
The results of this study suggest that tone production on the alto
saxophone is improved through the development of control on the
mouthpiece. It was concluded that routine practice with the
mouthpiece can serve in the development of a flexible and responsive
embouchure and oral cavity and that students need to develop a
mental concept of saxophone tone as part of the development of tone
production. Also, experience in small group performance needs to be
sought and provided for saxophone students. Finally, this study
focussed on an area of mouthpiece behaviour which can easily be
included into any instructional design and monitored by teachers.
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Bråsjö, Staffan. "Mitt i prick : Tonbildningsmetodik i barnkör." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2809.
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The aim of this study is to gain insight into how experienced children’s choir conductors work with the development of voices in the elementary school age. The work primarily focuses on aspects of vocal production such as finding and matching pitch, intonation, tone quality, resonance and falsetto singing. Because of the inherent complex nature of singing, the work also to some extent covers other aspects of choir singing such as breath, posture and organisation. Three experienced Swedish choir directors were interviewed with a qualitative method. The results show that the directors’ methods were similar, emphasizing good voice quality of the director, high registry singing, and enhancing listening skills over detailed work with resonance and tone quality. The results also show that the choir directors were coherent with and to some extent relied on the same method literature that forms the backbone of this work. This study brings to light what methods are used by todays children’s choir directors and further underscores the relevance of existing literature.Uppsatsens syfte är att ge inblick i hur erfarna körledare arbetar med röstutveckling hos barn i lågstadieåldern. De huvudsakliga områden som undersöks är körledarnas arbete med tonträffning, intonation, tonkvalitet, resonans och huvudklang. På grund av körsångens komplexa natur avhandlar arbetet även i viss mån övriga aspekter såsom andning, hållning och organisering av kören. Uppsatsen bygger på material från tre kvalitativa intervjuer med erfarna körledare. Resultatet visar att de tre körledarna använder sig av likartade metoder. Samtliga betonar vikten av att körledaren själv har en god röstkvalitet, att körsången sker i ett högt register anpassat till barnens röster och att körundervisningen bör fokusera på gehörsutveckling snarare än detaljarbete med resonans och tonkvalitet. Resultatet visar även att körledarnas metoder till stor del överensstämde med och i viss mån även utgick ifrån de källor som tas upp i uppsatsens litteraturkapitel. Uppsatsen visar på vilka metoder som används av erfarna barnkörledare och understryker även relevansen av den befintliga litteraturen i ämnet.
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Gromicho, Miguel José Pires. "Relatório de prática de ensino supervisionada realizada na Escola de música do Conservatório Regional de Évora - Eborae Mvsica: introdução das unhas no ensino da guitarra." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21792.
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O presente documento é um relatório da disciplina de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, realizada no Convervatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica, sob orientação do Professor Doutor Dejan Ivanovic e do orientador cooperante Professor José Farinha. Este trabalho possui duas secções. A primeira secção pretende descrever a realização do estágio, contendo uma contextualização do universo escolar em que se insere e descrevendo detalhadamente as práticas pedagógicas adotadas ao longo do ano letivo. A segunda secção possui um caráter investigativo e incide no tema da produção sonora da guitarra, mais precisamente no uso das unhas pelos alunos. Baseado numa metodologia quantitativa, este trabalho procura responder às questões controversas, levantadas no capítulo da problemática, através de resultados objetivos que cruzam variáveis, não só do domínio técnico-interpretativo da guitarra, como também ao nível do desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança; Report of Prática de Ensino Supervisionada discipline, realized in Conservatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica: Introduction of the Nails in the Guitar Teaching
Abstract: This document is a report of Prática de Ensino Supervisionada discipline, realized in Conservatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica, under the guidance of Professor Doctor Dejan Ivanovic and the cooperating mentor Professor José Farinha. This work has two sections. The first section describes the completion of the intership, having a contextualization of the school and describing in detail the pedagogical practices adopted over the year. The second section has an investigative character and is about the guitar tone production theme. Based on a quantitative methodology, this work wants to answer to the controversial issues in the chapter of the problem, through objective results that cross variables of guitar technique and the child cognitive development.
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Kwok, Chui-ling Irene, and 郭翠玲. "Electropalatographic investigation of normal Cantonese speech: a qualitative and quantitative analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626135.
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Chang, Chiung-Yun. "Dialect Differences in the Production and perception of Mandarin Chinese Tones." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282159730.
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Tapie, Michael. "A report on an Arts Administration internship with Tony Bravo Film Production." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/aa_rpts/13.
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In the spring of 1998, the recently acquired U.N.O. Studio Center was not being fully utilized. Aware of this situation, film director Francis James was contacted by Steve Hank, an instructor in the Department of Drama and Communication (DRCM) at the University of New Orleans, about a possible partnership with his independent production of Tony Bravo: Scenes From a Forgotten Cinema. Steve Hank felt the proposal had merit, so he arranged for Francis James to meet with a U.N.O. committee to explore a possible association, and to discuss the potential benefits that students would receive by training on a professional production. The Chairman of the DRCM, Kevin Graves, administered the collaboration and provided guidance for the complex anangement. Elizabeth Williams, Director of the U.N.O. Foundation, enacted a legal contract and the partnership provided the film production company with many of the benefits ofa nonprofit agency. It was necessary for the project to follow strict guidelines, since the use of state property, specifically the U.N.D. Studio Center, was included in the agreement. Liability was a major concern, and there was always a possibility that an actor, crewmember or a U.N.O. student could have an accident while working on the project. The contract was an unique exchange. The project could use the U.N.O. Studio Center facility and equipment and U.N.O. will have professionals in the film industry training its students on a legitimate production.
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Narses, Aurélien. "Case Study: Production and OEE improvement for an 800 tons stamping press." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24580.
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The actual industrial development linked to the financial situation over the world lead automotive and other companies to expand their production level to stay competitive. Changing an organization to raise its production or profit is not a one day journey, but requires some steps. Tools exist to develop the production level of manufacturing industry since more or less the fifties, and the continuous improvement is measured by some available and famous indicators around lean manufacturing mainly. Pressing equipment especially like a metal stamping press expressed through the following case study can be improved by respecting some fundamentals. Lean manufacturing aspects as 5 S’s and TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) for example are tools that can be applied to improve the production rate of a stamping press. To even better improve the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) of the same machine, a tool like SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies) reveals to be really powerful when improving the global output rate of the machine. The case study developed inside this present report aims to investigate all the possibilities to improve the OEE of pressing equipment facing theoretical aspects and reality issues. The tools involved are part of the content, but the way to support a company for the organizational change required to the success is another part of the content. Technical solutions are taking part of the outcome, and a strong link to change management is included. Correlation between both technical and managerial aspects is the main line followed to get the final results. An experimental and actual OEE is calculated, and improved following a rating according to the possible improvements. Those results are analyzed to provide a weighted feedback related to the whole research.
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Tine, François d’Assise Khéyane. "Figure allégorique de la maison, le trauma et l'abjection dans la production littéraire post-Nobel de Toni Morrison." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30010.
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Cette thèse analyse les cinq derniers romans de Toni Morrison, à savoir Paradise, Love, A Mercy, Home et God Help the Child. Cette étude cherche à explorer le topos de la maison/foyer (house/home) dans tous les sens du terme—y compris la représentation allégorique des Etats-Unis dans l’expérience noire américaine comme maison hantée par la violence raciale et sexuelle—pour interroger l’héritage de la violence masculine et politique ainsi que le trauma africain américain qui hantent la communauté noire. Si la maison est considérée comme le symbole d’un imaginaire psychique, au cœur des textes à l’étude réside le sens même de l’écriture de Morrison : transcender les blessures du passé, transformer et réimaginer la maison comme un espace de ressourcement et d’autonomie. En d’autres termes, malgré les expériences traumatiques qui ont fragilisées toute perception de la notion de home et d’appartenance, il appartient aux personnages de se reconstruire un réel chez soi et ainsi surmonter leurs traumas.S’inscrivant au carrefour des cultural studies et trauma studies, chaque chapitre de la thèse est consacré à l’étude d'un roman et se concentre sur l’écriture de l’altérité et de l’altérisation comme moyen pour mettre à nu la difficile relation qu’entretiennent les noirs américains avec les notions d’appartenance et de maison/foyer alors qu’ils s'efforcent de reconstruire un vrai foyer dans une terre d’animosité raciale profonde. S’appuyant sur les théories postcoloniales, le black feminism, la théorie de l’abjection, les études de genre et les théories gothiques, l’analyse des romans sélectionnés se penche sur les problèmes de rupture familiale, de rupture des communautés, de marginalisation socio-économique et les différentes formes d’exclusion et de violence genrée que les Africains Américains continuent d’endurer sur le sol états unien afin de mieux percevoir leurs traumas. En raison des déplacements forcés ou volontaires, de l’omniprésence de la violence intraraciale et des traumas résultant de la domination masculine et des carences affectives maternelles, les textes à l’étude illustrent que l’idée de home n’est que vague promesse pour bon nombre de noirs américains. Plutôt que de considérer le concept de maison/foyer comme un lieu purement géographique ou un espace physique, ce dernier doit être perçu comme un idéal imaginé qui permet une meilleure connaissance de soi. La déconstruction des notions mythifiées de masculinité et de race qui entravent toute conscience de soi et véritable croissance spirituelle est au cœur du projet littéraire de Toni MorrisonThis dissertation analyzes Toni Morrison’s final five novels, namely Paradise, Love, A Mercy, Home and God Help the Child and seeks to explore the trope of home in every sense of the word—including the allegorical representation of the United States in the black American experience—as a house haunted by both racialized and sexualized violence to probe the legacies of masculine and political violence as well as the trauma of dispossession that haunts African Americans. Home has been considered as the symbol of psychic imagination and at the core of under scrutiny lies its power to generate healing: transcending the wounds of the past, re-envisioning and transforming the home into self-nurturing and self-validating place rely on the characters’ awareness of their traumas and on their deepening sense of personal responsibility. In other words, the literary texts under study maintain that, despite the characters’ traumatic experiences which have disrupted their notions of home and belonging, it is the characters’ endeavor and personal duty to reconstruct a real sense of home by working through their traumas.At the intersection of literary studies, cultural studies, and trauma studies, each part of the dissertation is devoted to the study of a novel and focuses on the writing of Otherness and the process of Othering as means by which Morrison explores the nightmarish yet complex relationship African Americans have experienced when it comes to home and belonging and how they endeavor to reconstruct a sense of home in a land of deep racial animus. Through the prism of postcolonial theories, black feminist thought, the theory of abjection, gender studies and gothic theories of race, Morrison’s later novels portray issues of broken families, ruptured communities, and socio-economic marginalization and force the reader to reconsider the different forms of exclusion and gendered violence African Americans continue to endure in the U.S. Because of traumatic displacements, the pervasiveness of intraracial violence and the traumas ensuing from any kind of domination, the texts under scrutiny contend that home is only a vague promise for many black Americans. I shall maintain that rather than a specific geographical or physical location, home must be regarded as an imagined ideal that enables healing and self-validation. Central to Morrison’s literary project is the deconstruction of idealized notions of manhood and race that impede self-awareness and true spiritual growth
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Kuklane, Kalev. "Insulation of safety footwear : effect of steel toe cap in the cold." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16801.
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Silva, Cila Figueiredo Lima Lopes da. "Segurança alimentar em São Tomé e Príncipe. Estudo de caso dos distritos de Água-Grande e Mé-Zóchi." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8271.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis thesis aims to study and analyze the country’s food security situation on a global level, but especially at a regional/local level. The study of this dissertation occurred in two specific regions, the district of Água-Grande and Mé-Zóchi, and allowed a better understanding of these important regions. A sample was selected through a stratified random sampling, with 110 survey equally distributed across different locations in the two districts. In this study, in 2014, it was found that there aren’t any significant differences in diet consumption in the two districts. The calorie intake, on average, in the two districts is about 3484.1 kcal/EH/day, and this value is higher in the district of Água-Grande (3601.26 Kcal/EH/day) compared to the district of Mé-Zóchi (3366.95 kcal/EH/day). Regarding the protein intake, it is also higher in the district of Água-Grande (120 g/EH/day) relative to the district of Mé-Zóchi (102.73 g/EH/day). In terms of quality of life indicators, the families of Mé-Zóchi show better results than the ones from Água-Grande. It is clear that the two regions studied are the most "central" and the most developed of the country, but we can say, in general, that they have good conditions of supply and food availability. In addition to improving the economic conditions (more revenue) it is necessary adequate food policy, distribution, investment in education and the efficient use of existing resources to improve food security.
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Wong, Chun Kit. "The productions of Tong Fang in Hong Kong: a supply side analysis with class monopoly rent." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/438.
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This thesis readdresses the notion 'Tong Fang' through the lens of supply- side perspective. As a conceptually 'new' object which has raised widespread concerns since the early 2010s, Tong Fang has only been narrowly examined as the mainstream discussions predominantly confine their very concerns to simply the relationship between the material housing structure and the relevant dwellers. The wider socio-political implications are ignored as the social relations, forces and processes that are indispensable in comprehending the existence of Tong Fang are utterly unaddressed. In particular, the underlying reasons of why such housing structure, represented by its tininess, excessive rental charge and other infer ior environment qualities, could be rampantly produced in Hong Kong is still unsatisfactorily addressed. To explore these overlooked aspects, this study alternatively analyses the production of Tong Fang in Hong Kong and essentially articulates the spatial form to the corresponding processes. Harvey's theory 'Class Monopoly Rent' is employed as the major conceptual tool to analyze the contemporary production of Tong Fang in which the lucrative profitability, resulted from the circumstance which Tong Fang has been constituted as almost the only private affordable dwelling in the housing market structure in recent decades, appears to be the fundamental drive. Through viewing how the potential of CMR has been generated and how it has been appropriated through Tong Fang construction, the necessitated processes and relations are able to be disclosed. Moreover, Harvey's another contribution 'Relational Space' is also invoked to substantiate the exploration of the concrete social processes and relations lying behind Tong Fang as spatial products. All in all, by scrutinizing the production of Tong Fang in Hong Kong, this thesis is expected to enrich our understanding to this contemporary urban blight.
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Seals, Jacqueline Marie. "A scenic and costume design process for a production of A Bright Room Called Day, by Tony Kushner." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392717155.
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Christensen, Daniel. "Stereotyper i toner : Musikens roll i konstruktionen av stereotyper i svensk film under 1990- och 2000-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200618.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate what part film music plays in the creation of stereo-types in the production of Swedish cinema, in the 1990s and early 2000s. This period of Swedish cinema was largely defined through the visualization of life in the smaller provinces of the country. The results were reached through the analyzing of four important works of this era, representing different provinces and genres. The examined movies have shown frequent use of extreme characters and a somewhat hostile environment in search of an interesting story. The music is used in ways of describing class differences amongst the inhabitants and to set the gen-eral mood of the concerned provinces: an agent often working in the unconscious of the viewer in order to affect the final results.
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Corre, Yann. "Etude de la production, du transport et du rayonnement de l'impureté carbone dans le tokamak Tore Supra à proximité du Divertor Ergodique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066505.
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Pawlik, Tony [Verfasser], Ilse D. [Gutachter] Jacobsen, Bernhard [Gutachter] Hube, and Salomé Regine [Gutachter] Leibundgut. "The Candida albicans factor MNN9 modulates cytokine production in distinct epithelial cell types / Tony Pawlik ; Gutachter: Ilse D. Jacobsen, Bernhard Hube, Salomé Regine Leibundgut." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225298504/34.
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Nascimento, Kiakisiki Quaresma do. "Implementação das estufas agrícolas em São Tomé e Príncipe (STP): impacto social e económico nas comunidades rurais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26209.
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Desde do ano 2016, o governo Santomense com os seus parceiros de desenvolvimento,
com destaque para o Programa das Nações Unidas para o desenvolvimento (PNUD) e o Global
Environment Fund (GEF) têm vindo a financiar a aquisição e a implementação de estufas para a
produção de produtos hortícolas, nomeadamente, pimentão e tomate, entre outras espécies.
Na visão do Governo e os seus parceiros, a implementação de estufas é vista como um meio
viável e adequado para garantir a produção durante o ano, a qual é bastante reduzida durante
a estação das chuvas e, consequentemente, a estabilização dos preços no mercado nacional,
tendo em vista o aumento e diversificação da produção e o abastecimento do mercado e a
melhoria do rendimento dos agricultores.
Atualmente, o país dispõe de 10 estufas, em distritos e localidades selecionados com
base na experiência que os agricultores apresentavam em termos de produção de horticultura,
na superfície agrícola disponível e ajustada a esse tipo de cultura, bem como, na capacidade das
comunidades rurais em se organizarem em pequenas cooperativas de agricultores, sendo o
principal critério considerado na seleção das comunidades, a dificuldade na produção de
hortaliças, face às suas condições climatéricas. Existem também iniciativas privadas no quadro
de implementação de estufas que contam igualmente com apoios pontuais do Estado e dos seus
parceiros.
Este trabalho de projeto, que faz uma revisão teórica dos temas do
desenvolvimento rural e do papel e problemática das estufas, teve como objetivo, analisar a
situação atual do projeto das estufas em STP e o seu contributo socioeconómico para as
comunidades rurais, propondo ações de melhoria. Em termos de metodologia do Trabalho de
Projeto, recorreu-se a abordagem mista (qualitativa e quantitativa) com recurso aos métodos
de pesquisa exploratória, observação e trabalho de campo. No final, fazem-se proposta
de ação para melhorar o processo de implementação e desenvolvimento das estufas em
STP; ABSTRACT:
Since 2016, the Santomense government with its development partners, in particular
the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Global Environment Fund (GEF), has
been funding the acquisition and implementation of greenhouses for production of vegetables,
in particular peppers and tomatoes, among other species. In the view of the Government and
its partners, the implementation of greenhouses is seen as a viable and adequate way to
guarantee production during the year, which is greatly reduced during the rainy season and,
consequently, price stabilization in the domestic market. with a view to increasing and
diversifying production and supplying the market and improving farmers' incomes.
The country currently has 10 greenhouses in selected districts and localities based on
farmers' experience in terms of horticultural production, available agricultural area adjusted for
this type of crop, and the capacity of rural communities to organize themselves into small
farmers' cooperatives, being the main criterion considered in the selection of the communities,
the difficulty in the production of vegetables, due to their climatic conditions. There are also
private initiatives in the greenhouse implementation framework that also receive occasional
support from the State and its partners.
This project work, which makes a theoretical review of the themes of rural development
and the role and problem of greenhouses, aimed to analyze the current situation of the STP
greenhouse project and its socioeconomic contribution to rural communities, proposing actions
for improvement. In terms of project work methodology, the mixed approach (qualitative and
quantitative) was resorted to using exploratory research, observation and fieldwork methods.
In the end, action proposals are made to improve the implementation and development process
of STP greenhouses.
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Rodrigues, Claudia. "O uso de blogs como estrategia motivadora para o ensino de escrita na escola." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269314.
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Orientador: Denise Bertoli BragaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T14:38:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_Claudia_M.pdf: 5282828 bytes, checksum: 8dbace8a6afeedca8c16fab2a996a35c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A presente pesquisa se insere na área de Linguagem e Tecnologia e, tendo como foco central a produção de blogs, busca investigar as possibilidades que os novos gêneros digitais oferecem para o ensino de produção de texto na escola. O estudo parte do pressuposto que é desejável trazer para sala de aula as experiências de linguagem que os alunos já vivenciam em seu cotidiano. A dissertação relata os resultados de dois estudos realizados a partir de atividades propostas para alunos do ensino médio em uma escola particular, cujas salas de aula são todas equipadas para uso de tecnologia. A pesquisa foi motivada pela constatação de que esses recursos não estavam sendo adequadamente explorados nas práticas pedagógicas. O componente teórico da pesquisa discute inicialmente a importância da tecnologia no contexto educacional e a pertinência em rever a natureza da linguagem, considerando as transformações que a tecnologia promove. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma discussão geral sobre o blog, ambiente explorado na tarefa proposta nos dois estudos empíricos. O componente empírico relata inicialmente uma experiência que não foi bem sucedida, tentando entender os fatores que explicam o seu fracasso. O segundo estudo empírico buscou contornar as falhas do primeiro, modificando a natureza da tarefa proposta e oferecendo mais liberdade de ação para os alunos. Os resultados apontam que é pertinente utilizar o blog como uma ferramenta pedagógica, e que o uso desse recurso é motivador para os alunos e pode gerar produções complexas e criativas.
Abstract: The present research is inserted in the area of Language and Technology, and, as its central focus is the making of blogs, it seeks to investigate the possibilities the new digital genres offer to text production teaching in schools. The study presupposes that it is desirable to bring into the classroom the language experiences of which the students already live everyday. This essay reports the results of two studies which were carried out upon proposed activities to some high school students in a private school, whose classrooms are fully equipped for the use of technology. This research was motivated after establishing that those resources had not been properly explored in pedagogical practices. The theoretical component for this research initially discusses the importance of technology in educational contexts and the relevance in revising the language nature, considering the transformations that technology promote. Next, a general discussion about blog, which is the explored space in the task, proposed in two empirical studies. First, the empirical component reports an unsuccessful experience, trying to understand the factors that explain its failure. The second empirical study tries to get around the flaws identified on the first, modifying the nature of the proposed task, so that offering the students more action freedom. The results point out that it is pertinent to use blog as a pedagogical tool and that the use of this resource is encouraging to the students and it may bring about complex and creative productions.
Mestrado
Linguagem e Tecnologia
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
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Yin, Tong Verfasser], Henner [Akademischer Betreuer] [Simianer, Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] König, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauly. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Evaluation of Breeding Program Designs with a Focus on Dairy Cattle in Low Input Production Systems / Tong Yin. Gutachter: Sven König ; Matthias Gauly. Betreuer: Henner Simianer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044414901/34.
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Grafström, Therese. "Mjuk och hård styrning av Lean bestämmer inte hur effektiv Lean är på företag : En fallstudie av ett införande av Lean." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86061.
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Aldrig förr har vi konsumerat så mycket som nu och konsumenterna ställer hela tiden krav på högre kvalitet till lägre pris, samtidigt som kostnader för arbetskraft, energi och material ständigt ökar. För att bemöta kundernas behov används olika produktionssystem. Lean production är ett sådant produktionssystem och inkluderar en mängd uppsättning praktiska verktyg, men också en filosofi byggd på engagemang, kunskap, team-känsla och ledarskap. Lean är något många företag eftersträvar att införa, men studier visar att mindre än 20% lyckas att införa hela Leans koncept. Det är främst de mjuka delarna av Lean (filosofin) som företagen har svårast att implementera, vilket innebär att Lean i många fall reduceras till en verktygslåda. I denna studie har Lean-implementationen på ett fallföretag studerats. Fallföretaget införde Lean i samband med ”Produktionslyftet” år 2007 i syfte att effektivisera processer och bemöta hårdnande konkurrens. Ett antal intervjuer har genomförts med både produktions-personal och personer i ledande befattning. För att synliggöra individens roll i införandet och anammandet av Lean har en ny undersökningsmodell tagits fram för att analysera empirin och som utgår från ramverket för teknik, organisation och miljö, TOE, men där influensen av miljö har ersatts av influensen av individ, TOI. Den teoretiska undersöknings-modellen är undersökarens bidrag till forskningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att fallföretaget är ett klassiskt exempel på ett företag som lyckats väl med att införa de tekniska verktygen av Lean och att verksamheten fungerar mycket bättre idag än före införandet av Lean. Fallföretaget har ökat leveranssäkerheten och omsättningen men samtidigt minskat på produktionsytan och producerar ändå mer på samma tid. Däremot har fallföretaget inte lika tydligt implementerat de mjuka beståndsdelarna av Lean, det vill säga själva filosofin. Undersökningsmodellen TOI lyfter här fram verksamhetens karaktär, en hierarkisk och toppstyrd organisation, som en möjlig faktor till varför de mjuka beståndsdelarna inte har fått fäste. Modellen visar även att individen inte integrerar och samspelar med de influenser som borde skapa Lean. Samspelet mellan individ och ledning (organisation) ses som väsentliga för att uppnå de mjuka beståndsdelarna. För att få Leans hela koncept måste det finnas ett samspel och förbindelse mellan TOI modellens tre influenser; teknik, organisation och individ. Alla delarna är lika viktiga för att hela Lean ska få fäste. Detta är en möjlig anledning till varför det är mindre än 20% av Lean-projekteten som misslyckas med att implementera Leans hela koncept.Never before have we consumed as much as now and customers are constantly demanding higher quality at a lower price, while at the same time costs are increasing for labour, energy and materials. Different production systems are used to meet customer needs. Lean production is such a production system and includes a variety of practical tools but also a philosophy based on commitment, knowledge, team spirit and leadership. Lean is something many companies strive to introduce, but studies shows that less than 20% succeed in introducing the entire Lean concept. It’s mainly the soft parts of Lean (the philosophy) that companies have most difficulty to implement, which means that in many cases Lean is reduced to a toolbox. This study is about the Lean implementation in a case company. The case company introduced Lean through its participation in the "Produktionslyftet" in 2007 with the aim of streamlining processes and responding to toughening competition. A number of interviews have been carried out with both production staff and senior executives. In order to highlight the individual's role in the introduction and adoption of Lean, a research model has been developed to analyse the empirical data, which is based on the framework for technology, organization and environment, TOE, but where the influence of environment has been replaced by the influence of the individual, TOI. The theoretical survey model is the investigator's contribution to the science. The result of the study shows that the case company is a classic example of a company that has succeeded well in introducing the technical tools of Lean and that the operation works much better today than before the introduction of Lean. The case company has increased the delivery reliability and sales but at the same time decreased the production area and still produces more at the same time allotted. However, the case company has not as clearly implemented the soft elements of Lean, that is, the philosophy itself. The survey model TOI highlights the nature of the business, a hierarchical and top-down organization, as a possible factor why the soft components have not been attached. The model also shows that the individual does not integrate and interact with the influences that should create Lean. The interaction between individual and management (organization) are seen as essential for achieving the soft components. In order to get the whole concept of Lean, there must be an interaction and connection between the three influences of the TOI model; technology, organization and individual. All parts are equally important for the whole of Lean to get attached. This is a possible reason why there are less than 20% of Lean projects that fail to implement the entire Lean concept.
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Greß, Thomas Manfred [Verfasser], Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Volk, Wolfram [Gutachter] Volk, and Babette [Gutachter] Tonn. "Vertical Continuous Compound Casting of Copper Aluminium Semi-Finished Products : Design of a Resource-Efficient Production Technology for the Formation of Metallurgically Bonded Bilayer Parts / Thomas Manfred Greß ; Gutachter: Wolfram Volk, Babette Tonn ; Betreuer: Wolfram Volk." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240384084/34.
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Arfara, Aikaterini. "Pour une convergence des arts plastiques et scéniques des années soixante à aujourd'hui : Jeff Wall, Cindy Sherman, Tony Oursler, Elizabeth LeCompte, Roméo Castelluci, Jan Fabre." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010571.
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À la fusion des arts dans les années soixante a succédé, durant les années soixante-dix, une volonté artistique de transgresser les interdits des schémas institutionnels au sein des disciplines. La remise en cause du processus créatif est provoquée par un déplacement de point de vue permettant d'insérer, dans des genres spécifiques, des notions inhérentes à. D'autres champs de création. Notre étude portant sur les arts plastiques et les arts de la scène, nous proposons d'éclaircir les composantes de cette voie alternative à partir de l'œuvre des six artistes qui la révèlent aujourd'hui explicitement: Jeff Wall, Cindy Sherman, Tony Oursler, Elizabeth LeCompte, Romeo Castellucci et Jan Fabre, Notre point de départ se situe dans les années soixante, en particulier dans l'art minimal qui a radicalement rejeté la doctrine formaliste pour un art autoréférentiel. Le tracé parallèle de l' œuvre des visionnaires du début du vingtième siècle rejoint notre intention de dépasser le discours restreint du postmodernisme afin de renouer avec les grandes questions de la modernité, Ayant conscience de la complexité des rapports et des risques inhérents à toute entreprise située dans des zones frontières, nous suggérons de faire de la convergence des genres, l'espace intermédiaire pour un nouvel horizon critique, digne de générer une redéfinition de la place de l'art dans la société.
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Atkins, Rebecca Lynn. "Focus of attention affects singer's tone production." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21573.
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It is now well understood that skilled motor behavior is affected by performers' focus of attention. This effect has been demonstrated in numerous and varied motor tasks, from golf-putting to piano playing. I conducted two experiments with college-aged singers to test the extent to which trained singers' vocal tone is affected by their focus of attention while singing. In Experiment 1 (N = 11) participants sang a 3-note sequence and an excerpt of a well-learned melody under six different focus conditions. In Experiment 2 (N = 20) participants sang 3-note sequences in both high and low vocal registers, a well-learned melody, and an unpracticed, familiar melody under seven different focus conditions. Focus of attention affected participants' vocal tone in all of the singing tasks. The results of the two experiments are consistent with the results of related investigations of attentional focus in motor skill performance. Singers' tone was rated most highly and described most positively by expert listeners when singers' focused their attention on external rather than internal targets. Focusing on distal targets (i.e., targets that were far removed from the vocal mechanism) in particular was associated with high ratings and positive descriptions of vocal tone.text
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Stevenson, Sophia. "The production and comprehension of tone in Innu." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3239/1/M9619.pdf.
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Plusieurs auteurs ont attesté l'emploi de pitch contrastif en innu, une langue qui fait partie de la branche centrale des langues algonquiennes. Il n'y a pourtant que trois études acoustiques de ce phénomène prosodique (Rochette et Guay 1975, Martin 1980 et Malo 1981), qui portent toutes uniquement sur des formes flexionnelles verbales du dialecte de Mingan et qui ont produit des résultats contradictoires. Jusqu'à maintenant, on a porté très peu d'attention aux autres emplois des tons dans cette langue. Seuls les travaux de Drapeau (1979 et 2006) et Drapeau et Mailhot (1989) rendent compte de ce phénomène et de son origine dans le dialecte de l'Ouest, mais les analyses acoustiques restent à venir. Dans le but de fournir des données phonétiques synchroniques, qui permettraient de confirmer l'existence et l'emploi des tons dans le dialecte de l'Ouest, et pour connaître les éléments phonétiques qui jouent dans la production de ce phénomène, nous avons choisi d'effectuer un test de production et un test de compréhension auprès de plusieurs locuteurs natifs de deux communautés innues (Betsiamites et Sept-Iles). Nos résultats démontrent l'existence d'un ton bas sur la syllabe finale des mots qui ont subi le processus d'apocope ou celui de dégemination des consonnes en finale de mot. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Phonétique, Ton, Pitch, Innu.
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Lyu, Shao-ren, and 呂紹任. "Tone merging in Hailu Hakka: a production study." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28589250365213426292.
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碩士國立交通大學
外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班
102
Phonetic similarity and allophonic sandhi rules were regarded as the possible triggers to tone changes. This paper investigated the tone changes in Hailu Hakka produced by speakers above 50 and under 30 years old. Level tones triplet 55-33-11 with similar pitch contours were examined, as well as sandhi related tone pairs, including 5-3 and 24-33. According to tone sandhi rules, tone /24/->[33]/_σ and tone /5/->[3]/_σ, sandhi tones surface at the initial position of disyllabic words/phrases. Four native Hailu Hakka speakers above 50-year-old and four speakers under 30-year-old produced disyllabic words with target tones produced at either the initial or the final positions of a disyllabic word/phrase. Results showed that tones 55, 33 and 11 with phonetic similar F0 contours were produced with significantly different f0 and duration by speakers above 50 years old. However, speakers under 30 years produced tones 55 and 33 with similar duration. Regarding sandhi related tones 3 and 5, beside f0 of sandhi tones 3 and 5 produced by speakers under 30 years old, both duration and f0 contours of tones 3 and 5 were significantly different from each other for both age groups. Both age groups, produced indistinguishable duration and F0 contours between sandhi tones 24 and 33. In the position where no sandhi rules took place, duration of tones 24 and 33 produced by speakers under 30 years old were not significantly different from each other. It is proposed that F0 of sandhi tones 3 and 5 produced by speakers under 30 years old were merged, but not in the production of speakers above 50 years old. Moreover, the tone merger phenomenon is even more prominent among F0 of sandhi tones 24 and 33 which were merged in the production of both age groups. Besides, the direction of tone merging was also corresponding to the sandhi rules in Hailu Hakka. Tone /5/[3] was merging to tone /3/[3] and tone /24/[33] was merging to tone /33/[33]. Allophonic sandhi rule is affecting Hailu Hakka tone change.
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Jing-YiJiang and 江靜怡. "Tone Production in Mandarin-speaking Children with Cerebral Palsy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60498291831002762844.
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碩士國立成功大學
外國語文學系
103
This study examines the differences in tone production between two Mandarin-speaking children with cerebral palsy (CP) and two typically-developing children (TD). All four children are approximately 4 years of age. Several criteria related to the oral production of tones have been used for evaluation, including mean duration, mean fundamental frequency (F0), mean slope, and mean standard deviation of fundamental frequency. The results show that the mean duration is similar for both TD children and CP1, whose Tone 1 is the longest and whose Tone 3 is the shortest. In contrast, CP2 differs sharply from the other three children, with both the longest Tone 3 and shortest Tone 1. Both the TD and CP children display the same tendency in mean standard deviation of fundamental frequency, except for CP2’s Tone 4. In other words, CP children did not always perform as well as TD children in controlling tone production. An important finding in this study is that the four participants produced approximately the same mean slope, indicating that CP children are able to produce four tones like TD children, although they have trouble controlling tones precisely. Previous literature indicates that CP speakers tend not to control the prosodic features of enunciation as well as TD speakers. In this study, although subtle differences between CP and TD children were present in the mean duration and the mean standard deviation of fundamental frequency, both CP and TD children showed the same tendency in regards to mean slope. Thus, CP children, compared with TD children, had competence in prosody but lacked of precise control.
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吳蕙妏. "A Study of Chinese Tone Production by Polish Speakers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72080130628421543192.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
華語文教學研究所
99
The purpose of this study is to find out the intonation performances of Polish native speakers on the basis of Perception Analysis, Acoustic Analysis, Error Analysis and Interlanguage. To make comparision with Polish native speakers, the study includes the intonation performances of 10 native speakers from Taiwan. The analyzed materials are monosyllabic and disyllabic words, including 612 monosyllabic words and 3,276 disyllabic words. The results reveal that: 1. The errors of monosyllabic words: (1) The slope of the first tone goes upwards. (2) The mean of the second tone is too low. (3) The mean of the third tone is too high. (4) The slope of the forth tone goes upwards. 2. The errors of disyllabic words: (1) The mean of the first tone is too low. (2) The slope of the second tone is level. (3) The mean of the third tone is too high. (4) The slope of the forth tone goes upwards. (5) The range of the mean is too narrow. (6) The performance of slope is either level or rising. (7) The slope of the first syllable is level, the of the second is either level or rising, influenced by the mother tone. In summary, the results of this study including: (1) The intonation performances of Taiwanese native speakers. (2) The intonation performances of Polish native speakers. (3) The errors of the intonation performances of Polish native speakers. The results also implicate the dynamic processes of Interlanguage of the Polish native speakers on the intonation performances.
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Cheng, Cheng. "Can visual feedback improve English speakers' Mandarin tone production?" Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27056.
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Non-native tones are considered challenging for adult second language speakers to perceive and produce. The current study examined the effect of a laboratory-based intensive training in improving American English speakers’ tone production. Participants’ task was to repeat Mandarin words after the model. There were two conditions in the experiment: in one condition, participants did not get any external feedback; whereas in the other condition, participants received detailed visual feedback, which was the pitch contour of their tone production alongside the native version. Eight participants completed training with no feedback and another eight participants were trained with visual feedback. Results revealed that participants in both groups did not improve their tone production after training, and participants trained with visual feedback did not show more improvement than those trained with no feedback. Given the lack of improvement in participants’ tone production after training, methodological and theoretical limitations with respect to the use of a repetition-based training paradigm are discussed.
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"Production and perception of tones in Cantonese continuous speech." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893118.
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Wong, Ying Wai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgement --- p.i
Abstract --- p.iii
摘要 --- p.iv
Contents --- p.v
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Tones in Continuous Speech --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- Production of tones --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- Perception of tones --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Tone Production --- p.9
Chapter 3.1 --- Tones in isolation - Experiment 1 --- p.9
Introduction --- p.10
Material --- p.10
Recording and F0 extraction --- p.10
Results and discussion --- p.11
Chapter 3.2 --- Tones in context - Experiment 2 --- p.13
Introduction --- p.14
Material --- p.15
Recording and F0 extraction --- p.16
Results - Anticipatory effect --- p.17
Results - Carryover effect --- p.18
Results - Pitch target computation --- p.20
Results - Magnitude of variation --- p.21
Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.22
Relative magnitude of contextual variations --- p.23
Cantonese T4 in context --- p.24
Further generalizations --- p.25
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary of findings --- p.27
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Tone Perception --- p.28
Chapter 4.1 --- Temporal distribution of tonal information - Expt. 3 and 4 --- p.29
Experiment 3 - Stimulus recording --- p.29
Experiment 3 - Stimulus preparation --- p.31
Experiment 3 - Procedure --- p.31
Experiment 3 - Results --- p.32
Experiment 4 - Stimulus preparation --- p.33
Experiment 4 - Procedure --- p.34
Experiment 4 - Results --- p.34
Chapter 4.2 --- Effect of intensity 一 Experiment 5 --- p.36
Stimulus preparation --- p.37
Procedure --- p.38
Results - Tone identification responses --- p.38
Results - Effect of intensity --- p.40
Chapter 4.3 --- Contour tone perception - Experiment 6 --- p.43
Stimulus preparation --- p.43
Procedure --- p.44
Results --- p.44
Chapter 4.4 --- Summary of findings --- p.46
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and Discussion --- p.47
Chapter 5.1 --- Tone Production --- p.47
Typology of tone rules --- p.48
Acquisition of tone production --- p.49
Chapter 5.2 --- Tone Perception --- p.50
Evidence from Speech Production Phenomena --- p.50
Role of the first half --- p.52
Acquisition of tone perception --- p.53
Bibliography --- p.56
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Chen, Ting-Yu, and 陳廷宇. "Tone Production in Mandarin-speaking Hearing-impaired Pre-school Children." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84513247247181488441.
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碩士國立成功大學
外國語文學系碩博士班
95
Tones in Mandarin Chinese are essential for determining lexical meanings. Lacking sufficient auditory feedback, Mandarin-speaking hearing-impaired children may have a hard time mastering tones.The present study aims to investigate how the time course of tone acquisition of hearing-impaired children of pre-school age differs from that of hearing-normal children of the same age. We also want to examine the differences between the acoustic tonal values of the tones produced by hearing-impaired children of pre-school age and those produced by children of the same age with normal hearing. One hearing-impaired subject (CY) participated in longitudinal study, and six hearing-normal and six hearing impaired subjects in the cross-sectional study. First, we calculated the percentage error of tone production. Constraints of Optimality Theory (OT) were then applied to analyze subjects’ third tone reduplicants. In addition, acoustic analysis was conducted to analyze the values of tones, measuring beginning point, middle point, end point, inflectional point, slope, and duration. Results showed that in CY’s speech, tone 1 has the lowest percentage error rate, and we found tone 4 appears predominantly. CY substituted tone 1 and tone 4; and tone 2 and tone 3 mutually. Significant differences of tone percentage error rate between the mean scores for tones were shown in NH group only; tone 1 is significantly lower than tone 2, tone 3 than 2, and tone 4 than 2. HI and NH groups showed similar tone error realization patterns: tone 2 tended to be realized as tone 1, tone 3 as tone 2, and tone 4 as tone 1. For OT analysis, we found that OT revealed the mismatch between HI subjects’ and NH ones’ constraints ranking; namely, HI subjects need longer time than do NH subjects to have the correct adult constraints ranking. Moreover, the HI speakers’ tones were exceptionally long in duration and abnormally high in fundamental frequency. Their tonal shapes tend to be flat, in contrast to the tonal shapes of HI group, which had distinctive shapes. To conclude, hearing loss means HI subjects need more time than NH participants to complete their tone acquisition. Yet, it has also been found that the hearing-impaired children in this study pass through a fundamentally similar, but not identical, tone acquisition process as children in NH group, in terms of tone percentage error rate, tone occurrence, and error tone realization pattern. In addition, the hearing-impaired speakers’ tones acoustic values are very different from those made by hearing-normal subjects.
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Gustafson, Amy Elizabeth 1981. "Tone production on the piano: the research of Otto Rudolph Ortmann." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3223.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this treatise is to discuss tone production on the piano, specifically focusing on the research of Otto Rudolph Ortmann, whose work marked a turning point in the history of piano pedagogy and set a new standard for piano-related scholarship. Writing in the early twentieth century, Ortmann, who was both an accomplished pianist and an avid scientist, was one of the first to consciously and meticulously combine the two fields. Today, Ortmann's books are mostly out of print and his research is little known by the average piano student or teacher. However, Ortmann's books greatly affected and influenced many of his contemporaries, and no matter how neglected today, they contain a wealth of information and practical advice highly relevant to any serious pianist. While his research spans a range of topics, including the science of piano acoustics, experiments and scientific explanations of piano technique, and even music education, his work focusing on piano tone production was perhaps the most controversial. In this treatise, Ortmann's concepts, experiments, and conclusions related to tone production will be discussed. Certain scientific elements related to tone production, such as the acoustics of sound, the mechanism of the piano, and the relevant aspects of basic physics, will serve as an introduction to this discussion. A historical overview of the pedagogical trends surrounding the subject will show how Ortmann's work has been sometimes overlooked and often misinterpreted. A thorough analysis of Ortmann's research will demonstrate its balanced approach and its indispensable relevance to the modern pianist and pedagogue. Finally, his work will be used as a vantage point to shed light on subsequent trends of piano pedagogy and to ask questions about the role of tone production in modern pianism.text
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Schwanhäuβer, Barbara, University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, and MARCS Auditory Laboratories. "Lexical tone perception and production : the role of language and musical background." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31791.
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This thesis is concerned with the perception and production of lexical tone. In the first experiment, categorical perception of asymmetric synthetic tone continua was examined in speakers of tonal (Thai, Mandarin, and Vietnamese) and non-tonal (Australian English) languages. It was observed that perceptual strategies for categorisation depend on language background. Specifically, Mandarin and Vietnamese listeners tended to use the central tone to divide the continuum, whereas Thai and Australian English listeners used a flat no-contour tone as a perceptual anchor; a split based not on tonal vs. non-tonal language background, but rather on the specific language. In the second experiment, tonal (Thai) and non-tonal (Australian English) language speaking musicians and non-musicians were tested on categorical perception of two differently shaped synthetic tone continua. Results showed that, independently of language background, musicians learn to identify tones more quickly, show steeper identification functions, and display higher discrimination accuracy than non-musicians. Experiment three concerns the influence of language aptitude, musical aptitude, musical memory, and musical training on Australian English speakers‟ perception and production of non-native (Thai) tones, consonants, and vowels. The results showed that musicians were better than non-musicians at perceiving and producing tones and consonants; a ceiling effect was observed for vowel perception. Musical training per se did not determine acquisition of novel speech sounds, rather, musicians‟ higher accuracy was explained by a combination of inherent abilities - language and musical aptitude for consonants, and musical aptitude and musical memory for tones. It is concluded that tone perception is language dependent and strongly influenced by musical expertise - musical aptitude and musical memory, not musical training as such.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Tsai, Ping-Lun, and 蔡秉倫. "Perception and Production of Chinese Lexical Tone by Adult English Speaking Learners." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13890400925110113640.
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Wilcocks, Gerda Reinette. "Improving tone production on the flute with regards to embouchure, lip flexibility, vibrato and tone colour, as seen from a classical music perspective." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27919.
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An investigation was done on the methods used by performers of classical flute music to improve their flute tone. A literature study was done and a methodology created. This resulted in detailed dissection and then discussion of the various aspects that influence flute tone. Thereafter a series of practice charts were developed, which can be used to guide performers, students and teachers in their experiment to improve and diversify flute tone. The key areas of flute tone that were examined are: embouchure, lip flexibility, vibrato and tone colour. It has been found that different methods work for different people to improve their flute tone, and therefore personal experimentation is necessary in order to achieve the required tone, which also depends on personal taste.Dissertation (MMus (Performing Art))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Music
MMus
unrestricted
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Lu, Cai-jhen, and 盧采臻. "Production of Mandarin Tone and Voice Characteristics in Cochlaer-mplant Users With Good Hearing Performance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87959236987875171071.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
溝通障礙碩士學位學程
98
Previous studies have showed that cochlear implant (CI) helps to improve the speech perception for individuals with severe to profound hearing impairment. However, there are only few studies investigating the speech production of CI users. Furthermore, most studies were carried out in English speakers. Since Mandarin is a tonal language, thosee results from English speakers might not be applied directly to Mandarin speakers. The present study investigated the production of lexical tone and voice characteristics by the Mandarin-speaking children with a CI, and compared their results with those from normal hearing children. Speech samples in this study were collected from 14 CI children with good hearing performance and 19 normal hearing controls. In the assessment of voice quality, both acoustic and perceptual analysis was conducted. Acoustic analysis was performed using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) for the sustained vowel /a/ produced by the two groups of subjects. Perceptual appraisal of voice characteristics was judged by 2 experienced speech and language pathologists for subjects sustained vowels and reading passages. In the assessment of tone production, the percent correct was measured from the results of tone recognition tasks by 10 normal hearing adults listensing to subjects produced words. The results of acoustic measures of voice quality showed that the values of 4 out of 5 acoustic parameters, except vAM, of CI users were not significantly different from those of normal hearing children, indicating that these CI children achieved similar results as normal controls. However, in the result of perceptual appraisal, CI users still showed mild to moderate disorders for most of their voice attributes. The inconsistent results of acoustic and perceptual measurement might be due to the lack of sensitivity of acoustic parameters to not-so-severe voice disorder. For the production of lexical tone, CI users are significantly poorer performance than normal hearing speakers, and they tend to have a relatively flat fundamental frequency contour for their tonal contrasts.
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Cheng, Ling-Yueh, and 鄭詅月. "The Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by L2 learners." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18831149626084443071.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班
102
The present study uses disyllabic words to examine the effects of tone, syllable position, and syllable structure on Mandarin tonal perception and production of L2 learners. In perception experiment, subjects identifying auditory tonal stimuli using Mandarin tonal labels. The results of perception experiment showed that L2 learners had significant difficulty in identifying tone 3 and tone 2 while tone 1 and tone 4 showed high accuracy rate. The analysis of tonal context, in first syllable position, acoustic variations of tonal contexts had significant influence on perceiving tone 2 especially when tone 3 followed. In second syllable position, results indicated that the deviation was greater when tone 1 or tone 2 preceded by tone 4. It was also found that syllable position differences influences perceiving tone 2 and further revealed that L2 learners’ sensitivity to tone 2 identifications was higher in first position than in second position. In production experiment, results indicated that tone 3 showed the lowest accuracy rate and goodness rate. Learners were significantly better in producing tones with CV structure words. In summary, results of perception and production can divide tone 1 and tone 4 into high accuracy rate group while tone 2 and tone 3 as low accuracy rate group. Error analysis of first syllable position revealed that L2 learners showed both perceptual and pro-ductive confusions of tone pairs with similar phonetic features (tone 1-tone 4, and tone 2-tone 3 pairs). By the influences of articulatory transition, the confusion of tone pairs in second position was tended to be tone 2 or tone 3. Keywords：tone, tonal perception, tonal production, syllable position, syllable structure, tonal context