Journal articles on the topic 'Tone clusters Analysis'
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1
Watanabe, Tetsuo, and Masashi Suzuki. "Analysis of the Audiogram Shape in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss using a Cluster Analysis." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 6 (June 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809700706.
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We performed a cluster analysis to classify the audiogram shape in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). We also investigated whether the audiogram shape is a prognostic indicator in the management of ISSNHL. A total of 115 inpatients with ISSNHL treated between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed. The data collected included age, sex, duration of hearing loss at the time of treatment, and the presence or absence of tinnitus, vertigo, diabetes, nystagmus, and canal paresis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the hearing threshold for each frequency on audiograms as variables. A logistic regression model was used for the prognostic analysis. The audiogram shape was classified into four clusters: (1) crossing horizontally pattern of all tones; (2) up-sloping pattern of low-tone loss; (3) deaf pattern; and (4) down-sloping pattern of high-tone loss. The age of the patient, presence of canal paresis, and audiogram shape showed statistically significant relationships with hearing improvement. The audiogram shape based on the cluster analysis demonstrated a significant relationship with hearing improvement in patients with ISSNHL. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying etiology of each audiogram shape.
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Hyun, Myung Han, Jun Hyuk Kang, Sunghwan Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, et al. "Patterns of Circadian Variation in 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Sympathetic Tone Correlate with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cluster Analysis." Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4354759.
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To investigate whether specific time series patterns for blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and sympathetic tone are associated with metabolic factors and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A total of 989 patients who underwent simultaneous 24-hour ambulatory BP and Holter electrocardiogram monitoring were enrolled. The patients were categorized into sixteen groups according to their circadian patterns using the consensus clustering analysis method. Metabolic factors, including cholesterol profiles and apolipoprotein, were compared. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated based on the Framingham risk model. Overall, 16 significant associations were found between the clinical variables and cluster groups. Age was commonly associated with all clusters in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), HR, and sympathetic tone. Metabolic indicators, including diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein, were associated with the four sympathetic tone clusters. In the crude analysis, the ASCVD risk increased incrementally from clusters 1 to 4 across SBP, DBP, HR, and sympathetic tone. After adjustment for multiple variables, however, only sympathetic tone clusters 3 and 4 showed a significantly high proportion of patients at high risk (≥7.5%) of 10-year ASCVD (odds ratio OR=5.90, 95% confidential interval CI=1.27–27.46, and P value = 0.024 and OR=15.28, 95% CI=3.59–65.11, and P value < 0.001, respectively). Time series patterns of BP, HR, and sympathetic tone can serve as an indicator of aging. Circadian variations in sympathetic tone can provide prognostic information about patient metabolic profiles and indicate future ASCVD risk.
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Tay, Dennis. "A Computerized Text and Cluster Analysis Approach to Psychotherapy Talk." Language and Psychoanalysis 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/landp.v9i1.1701.
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This paper illustrates an analytical approach combining LIWC, a computer text-analytic application, with cluster analysis techniques to explore ‘language styles’ in psychotherapy across sessions in time. It categorizes session transcripts into distinct clusters or styles based on linguistic (di)similarity and relates them to sessional progression, thus providing entry points for further qualitative exploration. In the first step, transcripts of four illustrative therapist-client dyads were scored under ten LIWC variables including ‘analytic thinking’, ‘clout’, ‘authenticity’, ‘emotional tone’, and pronoun types. In the next step, agglomerative hierarchical clustering uncovered distinct session clusters that are differently distributed in each dyad. The relationships between these clusters and the chronological progression of sessions were then further discussed in context as contrastive exemplars. Applications, limitations and future directions are highlighted.
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Cutting, Court B. "Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale." Empirical Musicology Review 13, no. 1-2 (January 17, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v13i1-2.6316.
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Microtonal evaluation of blue notes in the early blues scale by empirical pitch measurement and statistical characterization has not yet been performed in existing research. To address this, fifteen recorded classic blues performances by acknowledged early masters of the blues were studied. Computer based methods were used to collect the audio frequencies of note samples from each performance. Each note had its frequency ratio with respect to the average tonic tone for the performance converted to microtonal cents format. Cluster analysis was performed on these note collections to identify individual note clusters. The fourth and fifth were clearly identified. Three principal "blue note" clusters were isolated with means of 319.1, 582.8, and 1037.9 cents. These values corresponded closely to the harmonic half diminished seventh chord (i.e. 1, ♭3, ♭5, ♭7 with harmonics 5:6:7:9). The "neutral" third was confirmed to occur in this sample. A similar blending of the perfect fourth and tritone was demonstrated in this study. The flat 7th presented as three separate clusters. Several clusters idiosyncratic to individual performers were also identified. Findings are discussed with regards to the array of theories proposed to explain the blues.
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Huang, Alan Guoming, Hongping Tan, and Russ Wermers. "Institutional Trading around Corporate News: Evidence from Textual Analysis." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 10 (January 8, 2020): 4627–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz136.
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Abstract We examine institutional trading surrounding corporate news by combining a comprehensive database of newswire releases on U.S. firms with a high-frequency database of institutional trades. To identify the ability of institutions to predict or quickly interpret news, we form “news clusters” of related news about a particular firm that occurs in rapid succession. We find that institutions chiefly trade on the tone of news directly after the earliest news release in a cluster, and such news-motivated trading predicts returns over the following weeks. Our results suggest that institutional investors contribute to price efficiency through the speedy interpretation of public information.
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Kourtidis, Dimitrios, Željko Šević, and Prodromos Chatzoglou. "Mood and stock returns: evidence from Greece." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2014-0158.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of investors’ emotional state (mood) on their trading behaviour and performance. Design/methodology/approach – A sample from a representative survey of 328 Greek individual investors has been used to empirically test the validity of the proposed associations. An iterative data collection process was followed, where individual investors had to complete a questionnaire every time they were trading in the Athens Stock Exchange, for a period of ten months. Exploratory factor analysis was first used to analyse the data set, followed by cluster analysis (to identify investor profiles based on differences in their mood). Findings – Two clusters have been identified. The first cluster profile includes investors with high score of positive mood (thus, high energetic arousal and hedonic tone, low tense arousal and anger frustration), while the second profile consists of investors with negative mood (low energetic arousal and hedonic tone, high tense arousal and anger frustration). The comparison between the two profiles has shown that investors with positive mood achieve higher stock returns than investors with negative mood. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge there is no other similar study.
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Casali, Roderic F. "NCs in Moghamo prenasalized onsets or heterosyllabic clusters." Studies in African Linguistics 24, no. 2 (June 15, 1995): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v24i2.107406.
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This paper is concerned with the analysis of nasal-plus-oral-stop sequences in Moghamo, a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. Although Stallcup [1978] tentatively analyzed these sequences as heterosyllabic clusters, the evidence suggests that they are actually prenasalized syllable onsets. First, the distribution of NCs closely parallels that of unambiguous onsets: they occur both initially and medially in words of several grammatical categories. Instances of unambiguous heterosyllabic clusters, by contrast, are rare. Second, while the nasal portion of noun-initial NCs was historically a prefix, it appears to be part of the root synchronically. Third, the nasal portion of an Niger-Congo does not appear to be phonologically tone-bearing. Finally, the contention that NCs are on-sets is supported by native speaker intuitions.
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Kozyavkina, Nataliya, Nataliya Voronych-Semchenko, Yuliya Vovchyna, Walery Zukow, and Igor Popovych. "Autonomic and endocrine accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters in patients of Truskavets’ spa." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2020.10.07.048.
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Background. Earlier we showed that profile patients of Truskavets’ spa are characterized by a wide range of blood pressure (BP) - from low norm to arterial hypertension III that correspond to the hemodynamics parameters. The purpose of this study is to clarify the autonomic and endocrine accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative BP clusters in the same contingent. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP (tonometer “Omron M4-I”, Netherlands). The parameters of HRV ("CardioLab+HRV", Ukraine), plasma levels of Cortisol, Aldosterone, Testosterone, Triiodothyronine and Calcitonin (ELISA) as well as Ca-P marker of parathyroid hormone were determined. Results. In order to identify among the registered parameters, those for which the BP clusters differ from each other, a discriminant analysis was performed. The program forward stepwise included in the discriminant model 29 parameters. The most informative among them are HRV-markers of sympathetic tone and sympathetic-vagal balance as well as testosterone and cortisol, whose levels are maximal in patients with hypertension II, while minimal in patients with low norm BP, on the one hand, and markers of vagal tone and Kerdoe vegetative index, the levels of which are polar, on the other hand. The accuracy of patient classification is 98,9%. Conclusion. Autonomic and endocrine accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters corresponding to the existing ideas about the regulation of blood pressure.
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Pritchard, Harry A. T., Paulo W. Pires, Evan Yamasaki, Pratish Thakore, and Scott Earley. "Nanoscale remodeling of ryanodine receptor cluster size underlies cerebral microvascular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 4, 2018): E9745—E9752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804593115.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin which lead to impaired function of skeletal and cardiac muscle, but little is known about the effects of the disease on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here we used the mdx mouse model to study the effects of mutant dystrophin on the regulation of cerebral artery and arteriole SMC contractility, focusing on an important Ca2+-signaling pathway composed of type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels on the plasma membrane. Nanoscale superresolution image analysis revealed that RyR2 and BKα were organized into discrete clusters, and that the mean size of RyR2 clusters that colocalized with BKα was larger in SMCs from mdx mice (∼62 RyR2 monomers) than in controls (∼40 RyR2 monomers). We further found that the frequency and signal mass of spontaneous, transient Ca2+-release events through SR RyR2s (“Ca2+ sparks”) were greater in SMCs from mdx mice. Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings indicated a corresponding increase in Ca2+-dependent BK channel activity. Using pressure myography, we found that cerebral pial arteries and parenchymal arterioles from mdx mice failed to develop appreciable spontaneous myogenic tone. Inhibition of RyRs with tetracaine and blocking of BK channels with paxilline restored myogenic tone to control levels, demonstrating that enhanced RyR and BK channel activity is responsible for the diminished pressure-induced constriction of arteries and arterioles from mdx mice. We conclude that increased size of RyR2 protein clusters in SMCs from mdx mice increases Ca2+ spark and BK channel activity, resulting in cerebral microvascular dysfunction.
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Lin, Xuqin. "Perplexity and Predicament: A Corpus Stylistic Analysis of A Summer Bird-Cage." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no1.11.
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This paper aims to explore the text style of Margaret Drabble’s novel A Summer Bird-Cage. Specifically, it is intended to scrutinize how Drabble’s language style vivifies her representation of some women characters’ perplexity and predicament when they are confronted with problems related to value orientations and lifestyles. The present paper’s significance lies in a methodological breakthrough and resultant interdisciplinary insights. To achieve the main aims specified above, this paper will explore the following research question: stylistically, how some lexical categories such as nouns, verbs, and clusters are related to the spatio-temporal order of the novel and to its discourse prosodies or “tone of characters” speeches. As a whole, this study is situated in a research context where previous and many current studies of A Summer Bird-Cage are primarily qualitative. To complement them, this paper embodies mixed methods research, featuring in a computer-aided, data-based, corpus stylistic approach to the style in Drabble’s novel. Based on a multi-layered investigation of Drabble’s language use and a close corpus stylistic analysis of it, this paper obtains some interesting findings as follows. First, some young, educated British women’s complicated psychological experiences are thematized via narratorial introspection that centers around characters’ processing of mind. Second, the tone of the women characters’ speeches and the underlying attitude to some important issues are often negative, indicative of the women characters’ bewilderment. In short, this paper adopts a corpus stylistic approach to thematic studies and character analysis as a contribution to the body of specialized knowledge of Drabble’s art of fiction.
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Raddová, Jana, Hana Ptáčková, Jana Čechová, and I. Ondrášek. "Genetic analysis of the genus Diospyros ssp. using RAPD and i-PBS methods." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 8 (2012): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260080205.
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Molecular techniques (RAPD and i-PBS) were used to study genetic diversity within persimmon collection at Horticulture Faculty of Mendel University in Lednice. The aim of the work was to distinguish 14 known and 6 of unknown origin persimmon cultivars. The basic screening of 20 OPT primers was applied to 4 cultivars differring in the place of origin. Within the group of screened primers there were chosen those, which gave polymorphic repeatable strong and middle strong bands. Selected primers were used for the RAPD reactions within the whole persimmon collection. Three OPA primers previously described in the literature were also used for the RAPD reactions within the whole persimmon collection. Additional 16 i-PBS primers previously described in the literature were also used for i-PBS analysis of the whole group of cultivars. Amplification was successful with 12 i-PBS primers. The FreeTree software package was used to generate a similarity matrix and then to produce a dendrogram using UPGMA analyses. The similarity dendrograms of all persimmon cultivars were created based on both approaches and also on combination of both analyses by program Tree View. All the dendrograms clearly separated the assessed cultivars into 4 clusters. There are cluster of American persimmons – Meader’ (1), ’Garretson’ (2) and ’Early Golden’ (3). They are representatives ofD. virginiana. Further part of dendrogram includes singleD. lotus(5), which is also clearly separated from other cultivars of the genusDiospyros. The third cluster includes interspecific hybrids ’Rossiyanka’ (10) and ’Nikitskaiya Bordovaiya’ (13), which arised from crosses ofD. virginianaandD. kaki. The last cluster is formed by cultivars of Japanese persimmon – ’Mikatani Gosho’, ’Zenjimaru’, ’Tone Wase’, ’Hiratanenashi’, ’Fuyu’, Chinese cultivar – ’Sansi’ and two Italian cultivars ’Vaniglia’ and ’Tipo’. They are clustered without significant distinction. The similarities and the differences revealed among incorporation of cultivars into groups were compared with the literature findings.
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Furuya, Shinichi, Martha Flanders, and John F. Soechting. "Hand kinematics of piano playing." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 6 (December 2011): 2849–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00378.2011.
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Dexterous use of the hand represents a sophisticated sensorimotor function. In behaviors such as playing the piano, it can involve strong temporal and spatial constraints. The purpose of this study was to determine fundamental patterns of covariation of motion across joints and digits of the human hand. Joint motion was recorded while 5 expert pianists played 30 excerpts from musical pieces, which featured ∼50 different tone sequences and fingering. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis using an expectation-maximization algorithm revealed that joint velocities could be categorized into several patterns, which help to simplify the description of the movements of the multiple degrees of freedom of the hand. For the thumb keystroke, two distinct patterns of joint movement covariation emerged and they depended on the spatiotemporal patterns of the task. For example, the thumb-under maneuver was clearly separated into two clusters based on the direction of hand translation along the keyboard. While the pattern of the thumb joint velocities differed between these clusters, the motions at the metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal-phalangeal joints of the four fingers were more consistent. For a keystroke executed with one of the fingers, there were three distinct patterns of joint rotations, across which motion at the striking finger was fairly consistent, but motion of the other fingers was more variable. Furthermore, the amount of movement spillover of the striking finger to the adjacent fingers was small irrespective of the finger used for the keystroke. These findings describe an unparalleled amount of independent motion of the fingers.
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SASISEKARAN, JAYANTHI, and CHRISTINE WEBER-FOX. "Cross-sectional study of phoneme and rhyme monitoring abilities in children between 7 and 13 years." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 2 (June 8, 2011): 253–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000348.
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ABSTRACTWe investigated phonemic competence in production in three age groups of children (7 and 8, 10 and 11, 12 and 13 years) using rhyme and phoneme monitoring. Participants were required to name target pictures silently while monitoring covert speech for the presence or absence of a rhyme or phoneme match. Performance in the verbal tasks was compared to a nonverbal control task in which participants monitored tone sequence pairs for a pattern match. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the three age groups in phoneme monitoring, whereas similar differences were limited to the younger age groups in rhyme monitoring. This finding supported early and ongoing acquisition of rhyme- and later acquisition of segment-level units. In addition, the 7- and 8-year-olds were significantly slower in monitoring phonemes within consonant clusters compared to the 10- and 11-year-olds and in monitoring both singleton phonemes and phonemes within clusters compared to the 12- and 13-year-olds. Regression analysis revealed that age accounted for approximately 30% variance in the nonverbal and 60% variance in the verbal monitoring tasks. We attribute the observed differences to the emergence of cognitive processes such as segmentation skills that are critical to performing the verbal monitoring tasks.
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Lee, Jackson L. "The Representation of Contour Tones in Cantonese." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3335.
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<p>A central question in tonal phonology is the representation of tone. One of the focal points is the representation of contour tones, especially since Goldsmith (1976) and subsequent works have analyzed contour tones in Bantu languages as sequences of level tones. Cross-linguistically, it is generally well-recognized, following Yip’s (1989) terminology, that contour tones in African languages are typically clusters, which are sequences of level tones and consist of multiple tonal root nodes, and that contour tones in Asian languages are typically tone units, which have only one tonal root node. This paper points out an important exception—Cantonese— particularly in light of Yip (2001) and Barrie (2007) on Chinese contour tones. The correct view is at least implied in earlier analyses: Cantonese tones, contour and level alike, should be represented as sequences of level tones but not unitary tone units.</p>
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Zheng, Chenyu. "Comparisons of the City Brand Influence of Global Cities: Word-Embedding Based Semantic Mining and Clustering Analysis on the Big Data of GDELT Global News Knowledge Graph." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 6294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166294.
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Global cities act as influential hubs in the networked world. Their city brands, which are projected by the global news media, are becoming sustainable resources in various global competitions and cooperations. This study adopts the research paradigm of computational social science to assess and compare the city brand attention, positivity, and influence of ten Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) Alpha+ global cities, along with their dimensional structures, based on combining the cognitive and affective theoretical perspectives on the frameworks of the Anholt global city brand dimension system, the big data of global news knowledge graph in Google’s Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT), and the technologies of word-embedding semantic mining and clustering analysis. The empirical results show that the overall values and dimensional structures of city brand influence of global cities form distinct levels and clusters, respectively. Although global cities share a common structural characteristic of city brand influence of the dimensions of presence and potential being most prominent, Western and Eastern global cities differentiate in the clustering of dimensional structures of city brand attention, positivity, and influence. City brand attention is more important than city brand positivity in improving the city brand influence of global cities. The preferences of the global news media over global city brands fits the nature of global cities.
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Straka, Małgorzata M., Samuel Schmitz, and Hubert H. Lim. "Response features across the auditory midbrain reveal an organization consistent with a dual lemniscal pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00008.2014.
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The central auditory system has traditionally been divided into lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways leading from the midbrain through the thalamus to the cortex. This view has served as an organizing principle for studying, modeling, and understanding the encoding of sound within the brain. However, there is evidence that the lemniscal pathway could be further divided into at least two subpathways, each potentially coding for sound in different ways. We investigated whether such an interpretation is supported by the spatial distribution of response features in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), the part of the auditory midbrain assigned to the lemniscal pathway. We recorded responses to pure tone stimuli in the ICC of ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized guinea pigs and used three-dimensional brain reconstruction techniques to map the location of the recording sites. Compared with neurons in caudal-and-medial regions within an isofrequency lamina of the ICC, neurons in rostral-and-lateral regions responded with shorter first-spike latencies with less spiking jitter, shorter durations of spiking responses, a higher proportion of spikes occurring near the onset of the stimulus, lower thresholds, and larger local field potentials with shorter latencies. Further analysis revealed two distinct clusters of response features located in either the caudal-and-medial or the rostral-and-lateral parts of the isofrequency laminae of the ICC. Thus we report substantial differences in coding properties in two regions of the ICC that are consistent with the hypothesis that the lemniscal pathway is made up of at least two distinct subpathways from the midbrain up to the cortex.
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Li, Chuan, Yee Peng Phoon, Keaton Karlinsey, Ye Tian, Samjhana Thapaliya, Lili Qu, Mark Cameron, et al. "P853 Single cell transcriptome analysis identifies unique features in circulating CD8+ T cells that can predict immunotherapy response in melanoma patients." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 1 (April 2020): A5.1—A5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lba2019.7.
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BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has greatly advanced the treatment of melanoma. A key component of ICB is the stimulation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. However, ICB therapy only benefits a subset of patients and a reliable prediction method that does not require invasive biopsies is still a major challenge in the field.MethodsWe conducted a set of comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic analyses of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood (mPBL) and tumors (mTIL) from 8 patients with metastatic melanoma.ResultsCompared to circulating CD8+ T cells from healthy donors (hPBL), mPBLs contained subsets resembling certain features of mTIL. More importantly, three clusters (2, 6 and 15) were represented in both mPBL and mTIL. Cluster 2 was the major subset of the majority of hPBL, which phenocopied hallmark parameters of resting T cells. Cluster 6 and 15 were uniquely presented in melanoma patients. Cluster 15 had the highest PD-1 levels, with elevated markers of both activation and dysfunction/exhaustion; while Cluster 6 was enriched for ‘dormant’ cells with overall toned-down transcriptional activity except PPAR signaling, a known suppressor for T cell activation. Interestingly, unlike other mTIL clusters that would classically be defined as exhausted, Cluster 15 exhibited the highest metabolic activity (oxidative-phosphorylation and glycolysis). We further analyzed total sc-transcriptomics using cell trajectory algorithms and identified that these three clusters were the most distinct subtypes of CD8 T cells from each other, representing: resting (cluster 2), metabolically active-dysfunctional (cluster 15), and dormant phenotypes (cluster 6). Further, three unique intracellular programs in melanoma drive the transition of resting CD8+ T cells (cluster 2) to both metabolic/dysfunctional (cluster 15) and dormant states (cluster 6) that are unique to tumor bearing conditions. Based on these high-resolution analyses, we developed original algorithms to build a novel ICB response predictive model using immune-blockade co-expression gene patterns. The model was trained and tested using previously published GEO datasets containing CD8 T cells from anti-PD-1 treated patients and presented an AUC of 0.82, with 92% and 89% accuracy of ICB response in the two datasets.ConclusionsWe identified and analyzed unique populations of CD8+ T cells in circulation and tumor using high-resolution single-cell transcriptomics to define the landscape of CD8+ T cell states, revealing critical subsets with shared features in PBLs and TILs. Most importantly, we established an innovative model for ICB response prediction by using peripheral blood lymphocytes.Ethics ApprovalThis study was performed under an IRB approved protocol.
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Ladd, D. Robert, and Mirella L. Blum. "On the systematic nature of Dinka noun number morphology." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2020.
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Abstract We present an analysis of noun number marking in Dinka, based on Andersen’s system of vowel grades and a new system of tone classes. Assuming that the ‘unmarked’ grade 1 form can be either singular or plural, we show that the morphology is more systematic than has been previously suggested. Roughly half of our dataset can be treated as synchronically regular, and in more than half the remainder the only exceptional features are simple alternations of lexical quantity or voice quality. Less than a quarter exhibit more unpredictable irregularities. With regard to tone, we posit nine classes that describe the patterns of tonal alternation between the grade 1 form and the more marked form of the noun; 60% of our dataset fall into just three of these classes. The tone classes show considerable cross-dialect validity even between a four-tone dialect (Luanyjang, Rek cluster) and a three-tone dialect (Agar).
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Norton, Russell, and Nlabephee Othaniel. "The Jen language cluster: A comparative analysis of wordlists." Language in Africa 1, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 17–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-3-17-99.
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A lexicostatistical analysis divides the Jen language cluster into two primary branches Burak-Loo-Maghdi-Mak and Kyak-Moo-Leelau-Tha-Doso-Dza. This is also supported by extensive isoglosses, replacing the older Bikwin-Jen division at least for purposes of genetic classification. For vowels, a 9-vowel system is reconstructed, but its 3-way height contrasts appear unstable in some languages, either in the central vowels or in the front and back vowels. Front and back vowels also vary widely with diphthongs. Prosodic features of nasalisation, tone, and breathiness are reconstructed, with nasalisation developing in more roots in the second primary branch. For consonants, the large inventory includes particularly unstable coronals, and development of voiceless approximants in Doso-Dza. The comparative evidence is conflicting as to whether labialised and palatalised structures are secondary modifications or onset sequences, suggesting the need for a variationist approach. Overall, riverine Jen varieties Tha, Doso, Dza show unusually extensive sound change, in contrast to the more phonologically stable Bikwin varieties. Applications to orthography development include the need to represent implosives and /r/ in languages other than Dza, where they have been lost, and the need to represent vowel nasalisation and /h/ in languages of the second branch only. Initial stem consonant alternations seen in both nouns and verbs need more investigation in Jen languages.
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KOJIMA, Ryoji, Jeffrey D. RANDALL, Eri ITO, Hiroyuki MANSHIO, Yoshio SUZUKI, and Steven R. GULLANS. "Regulation of expression of the stress response gene, Osp94: identification of the tonicity response element and intracellular signalling pathways." Biochemical Journal 380, no. 3 (June 15, 2004): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040313.
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Osp94 (osmotic stress protein of 94 kDa) is known to be up-regulated by hypertonic and heat-shock stresses in mouse renal inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the Osp94 gene under these stresses, we cloned and characterized the 5´-flanking region of the gene. Sequence analysis of the proximal 4 kb 5´-flanking region revealed a TATA-less G/C-rich promoter region containing a cluster of Sp1 sites. We also identified upstream sequence motifs similar to the consensus TonE/ORE (tonicity-response element/osmotic response element) as well as the consensus HSE (heat-shock element). Luciferase activities in cells transfected with reporter constructs containing a TonE/ORE-like element (Osp94-TonE; 5´-TGGAAAGGACCAG-3´) and HSE enhanced reporter gene expression under hypertonic stress and heat-shock stress respectively. Electrophoretic gel mobility-shift assay showed a slowly migrating band binding to the Osp94-TonE probe, probably representing binding of TonEBP (TonE binding protein) to this enhancer element. Furthermore, treatment of mIMCD3 cells with MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, U0126 and SP600125) and a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) suppressed the increase in Osp94 gene expression caused by hypertonic NaCl. These results indicate that the 5´-flanking region of Osp94 gene contains a hypertonicity sensitive cis-acting element, Osp94-TonE, which is distinct from a functional HSE. Furthermore, the MAPK and proteasome systems appear to be, at least in part, involved in hypertonic-stressmediated regulation of Osp94 through Osp94-TonE.
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El-Yaagoubi, Mohammed, Inmaculada Mora-Jiménez, Younes Jabrane, Sergio Muñoz-Romero, José Luis Rojo-Álvarez, and Juan Antonio Pareja-Grande. "Quantitative Cluster Headache Analysis for Neurological Diagnosis Support Using Statistical Classification." Information 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11080393.
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Cluster headache (CH) belongs to the group III of The International Classification of Headaches. It is characterized by attacks of severe pain in the ocular/periocular area accompanied by cranial autonomic signs, including parasympathetic activation and sympathetic hypofunction on the symptomatic side. Iris pigmentation occurs in the neonatal period and depends on the sympathetic tone in each eye. We hypothesized that the presence of visible or subtle color iris changes in both eyes could be used as a quantitative biomarker for screening and early detection of CH. This work scrutinizes the scope of an automatic diagnosis-support system for early detection of CH, by using as indicator the error rate provided by a statistical classifier designed to identify the eye (left vs. right) from iris pixels in color images. Systematic tests were performed on a database with images of 11 subjects (four with CH, four with other ophthalmic diseases affecting the iris pigmentation, and three control subjects). Several aspects were addressed to design the classifier, including: (a) the most convenient color space for the statistical classifier; (b) whether the use of features associated to several color spaces is convenient; (c) the robustness of the classifier to iris spatial subregions; (d) the contribution of the pixels neighborhood. Our results showed that a reduced value for the error rate (lower than 0.25) can be used as CH marker, whereas structural regions of the iris image need to be taken into account. The iris color feature analysis using statistical classification is a potentially useful technique to investigate disorders affecting the autonomous nervous system in CH.
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Zhu, Wenjie. "Multitone Piano Transcription Analysis and Evaluation Relying on Hierarchical Analysis High-Performance Computing Algorithms." Scientific Programming 2022 (April 22, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9153885.
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Hierarchical analysis refers to the method of dividing the elements related to the result into different levels such as goals, methods, and processes and then performing quantitative and qualitative analysis according to different levels. It can hierarchize complex methods and make the solution process more scientific and reasonable. High-performance computing refers to computing systems and environments that usually use many processors or several computers organized in a cluster. In fact, there are many different types of high-performance computing systems on the market, most of which are used in conjunction with the network. For example, Ford built an online market with high-performance computers and connected to its more than 30,000 suppliers through the network. This kind of online procurement can not only lower prices and reduce procurement costs, but also shorten the procurement time. Ford estimates that this can save approximately $8 billion in procurement costs. In addition, fields such as manufacturing, logistics, and market research are also areas where high-performance computers show their talents. This article aims to study the analysis and evaluation of multitone piano transcription that rely on hierarchical analysis high-performance computing algorithms and hopes to use high-performance computing algorithms to make piano recordings more harmonious. This paper proposes a differential variable-multivariate curve resolution for accurate analysis of GC-MS overlapping peaks, mainly to solve the problem of inaccurate results caused by the difficulty in determining the components during the analysis of overlapping peaks; carrying out matrix calculation on the piano tone characteristic matrix, it realizes the electronic synthesis of the 25th harmonic of the piano tone. The experimental results in this paper show that when the number of Gaussians in the recording process becomes 5, the gap between the sound pressure amplitude and the sound pressure phase is significantly reduced; when the number of Gaussians is 10, the value of the sound pressure phase has an overshoot phenomenon; when the number of Gaussians is 15, the difference between the sound pressure amplitude and the sound pressure phase is the smallest, indicating that the error at this time is the smallest, and it is the most ideal recording environment.
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Krishna, Arunima, and Kelly S. Vibber. "Victims or conspirators? Understanding a hot-issue public’s online reactions to a victim cluster crisis." Journal of Communication Management 21, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-08-2016-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively understand the reactions of online publics to a victim cluster crisis as the crisis unfolds and offer a new way of tracking online hot-issue publics using comments on online news articles. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a mixed-methods approach, employing both descriptive quantitative techniques and qualitative thematic analysis. Findings Qualitative analyses of online news comments on BuzzFeed and the Huffington Post revealed that publics’ reaction to the cyber-attack on Sony, the following threats of attack, and Sony’s response to it largely ran counter to the situational crisis communication theory’s (SCCT) assumptions about victim cluster crises. Analyses also revealed a pattern in the volume of comments on the two online news outlets, supporting the conceptualization of hot-issue publics growing and decreasing as news coverage of an issue rises and falls. Research limitations/implications The analysis was limited to one incident and two online media. Practical implications This paper provides empirical support for the use of online news comments to track hot-issue publics and what is important to them. In addition, tracking the tone and content of the comments allows for an examination of the fit of SCCT assumptions and provides a way for practitioners to understand public opinion and adapt communication plans based on insights gleaned from such data. Originality/value This study is one of few to provide empirical support for the conceptualization of hot-issue publics, and to do so using online news comments. In addition, it is one of very few to study the SCCT in real-world settings, examining real publics’ reactions to real issues.
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Amato, Marco Calogero, Giuseppe Pizzolanti, Vittoria Torregrossa, Felicia Pantò, and Carla Giordano. "Phenotyping of type 2 diabetes mellitus at onset on the basis of fasting incretin tone: Results of a two‐step cluster analysis." Journal of Diabetes Investigation 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12398.
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Akinradewo, Opeoluwa Israel, Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa, and Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke. "Improving accuracy of road projects’ estimates in the Ghanaian construction industry." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 25, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-11-2019-0087.
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Purpose The inaccuracy of preliminary estimates sometimes results in wasted development effort if the project is abandoned. To curb this menace, this study aims to assess the different measures to improve the accuracy of road project estimates. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research design was used for this study, and questionnaire was designed to retrieve data from the target population. Engineers and quantity surveyors in Accra, Ghana formed the target population and were contacted by using an e-questionnaire through their professional bodies owing to location constraints. Descriptive and exploratory factor analyses were used in analysing the retrieved data. Mann–Whitney U non-parametric test was also used to compare the opinions of the respondents. Findings The study revealed that factors categorised as due diligence by estimator should be given more attention for accuracy of estimates to be improved. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to Accra, Ghana owing to time and distance constraint. Practical implications Proper consideration must be given to preliminary site investigation when preparing the estimates for road projects. This will provide the estimator with information on the physical features of the project environment. Originality/value Defined clusters of measures to improve estimate accuracy as highlighted in this study rather than merely ranked variables which are done by previous research studies will set the tone and provide insights for effective stakeholders’ actions. The study also bridges the gap between theory and practice by outlining how the findings can be implemented practically to achieve more accurate preliminary estimate for road projects. With efforts aligned with the core characteristics of each cluster, accuracy can be improved.
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Jun, Se-Ran, Trudy M. Wassenaar, Intawat Nookaew, Loren Hauser, Visanu Wanchai, Miriam Land, Collin M. Timm, et al. "Diversity of Pseudomonas Genomes, Including Populus-Associated Isolates, as Revealed by Comparative Genome Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 1 (October 30, 2015): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02612-15.
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ABSTRACTThePseudomonasgenus contains a metabolically versatile group of organisms that are known to occupy numerous ecological niches, including the rhizosphere and endosphere of many plants. Their diversity influences the phylogenetic diversity and heterogeneity of these communities. On the basis of average amino acid identity, comparative genome analysis of >1,000Pseudomonasgenomes, including 21Pseudomonasstrains isolated from the roots of nativePopulus deltoides(eastern cottonwood) trees resulted in consistent and robust genomic clusters with phylogenetic homogeneity. AllPseudomonas aeruginosagenomes clustered together, and these were clearly distinct from otherPseudomonasspecies groups on the basis of pangenome and core genome analyses. In contrast, the genomes ofPseudomonas fluorescenswere organized into 20 distinct genomic clusters, representing enormous diversity and heterogeneity. Most of our 21Populus-associated isolates formed three distinct subgroups within the majorP. fluorescensgroup, supported by pathway profile analysis, while two isolates were more closely related toPseudomonas chlororaphisandPseudomonas putida. Genes specific toPopulus-associated subgroups were identified. Genes specific to subgroup 1 include several sensory systems that act in two-component signal transduction, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a phosphorelay sensor. Genes specific to subgroup 2 contain hypothetical genes, and genes specific to subgroup 3 were annotated with hydrolase activity. This study justifies the need to sequence multiple isolates, especially fromP. fluorescens, which displays the most genetic variation, in order to study functional capabilities from a pangenomic perspective. This information will prove useful when choosingPseudomonasstrains for use to promote growth and increase disease resistance in plants.
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Long, Huibin, Ziyang Yuan, Heyong Yin, Bo Yang, and Ai Guo. "Global Research Trends in Tendon Stem Cells from 1991 to 2020: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study." Stem Cells International 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7937765.
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Background. Tendinopathy is a disabling musculoskeletal disorder affecting the athletics and general populations. There have been increased studies using stem cells in treating tendon diseases. The aim of this bibliometric and visualized study is to comprehensively investigate the current status and global trends of research in tendon stem cells. Methods. Publications related to tendon stem cells from 1991 to 2020 were retrieved from Web of Science and then indexed using a bibliometric methodology. VOSviewer software was used to conduct the visualized study, including coauthorship, cocitation, and cooccurrence analysis and to analyze the publication trends of research in tendon stem cells. Results. In total, 2492 articles were included and the number of publications increased annually worldwide. The United States made the largest contribution to this field, with the most publications (938 papers, 37.64%), citation frequency (68,195 times), and the highest H -index (103). The most contributive institutions were University of Pittsburgh (96 papers), Zhejiang University (70 papers), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Chinese University of Hong Kong (both 64 papers). The Journal of Orthopaedic Research published the most relative articles. Studies could be classified into five clusters: “Animal study,” “Tissue engineering,” “Clinical study,” “Mechanism research,” and “Stem cells research”, which show a balanced development trend. Conclusion. Publications on tendon stem cells may reached a platform based on current global trends. According to the inherent changes of hotspots in each cluster and the possibilities of cross-research, the research in tendon stem cells may exist a balanced development trend.
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Tukova, Iryna. "Sonoric as a Compositional Technique the Attempt of Critical Analysis." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 132 (November 29, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2021.132.249969.
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Relevance of the study. Sonoric is a widespread definition in Post-Soviet countries musicology. However, it is the only one in the system of contemporary compositional techniques that does not have English analogue. This fact conditioned to a number of questions related to this technique: what English terminology should be used as an analogue of sonoric or sonoristic? Why is there no such compositional technique as sonoric in European (with the exception of Poland) and American musicology? Is sonoric a compositional technique? The actualization of these issues makes it possible to solve both terminological problems and partially approach to the creation of a complete theory of contemporary composition techniques.
The purpose of the study is to attempt to identify the structural core of sonoric as a compositional technique, the parameter (or parameters) of tone or noise material, for which organization it is responsible.
Methods. This article is based on the method of systemic analysis of phenomena, general methods of theoretical research (analysis of a term, its semantic boundaries, correlation with other concepts), as well as specific musicological methods of a musical text analyzing.
The results and conclusions. The authors of the theory of the sonoric compositional technique (Yu. Kholopov and A. Maklygin) suggest its use both in a general (a certain quality of concords) and in a narrow sense (a compositional technique that operates with timbre mass). In the process of a critical analysis of the concept of sonoric, it was noted that there are no precise criteria for distinguishing between the sound phenomena described by sonoric. Its methodological underpinning is based more on the elements of psychoacoustics and the theory of perception (without the direct use of the methods of these sciences) than on the theory of music. This thesis is proved by comparing the concepts of sonorically colored harmony and sonoric harmony. Postulating a reliance on synesthesia, the sonoric proposes to use a set of subjective associations to describe a sound phenomenon, relying on imaginative rather than technological characteristics. The analysis of sonoric texture types showed that point, line, spot, stripe, etc. are not original ways of tone and noise sounds organization, but are based on various combinations of pointillistic, cluster, polyphonic, micropolyphonic tools. Based on this conclusion, the idea that sonoric formations are not technically unique is formed. Such sonoric texture types are created by using a certain set of methods typical for various compositional techniques.
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Schreiner, C. E., and J. R. Mendelson. "Functional topography of cat primary auditory cortex: distribution of integrated excitation." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.5.1442.
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1. Neuronal responses to tones and transient stimuli were mapped with microelectrodes in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of barbiturate anesthetized cats. Most of the dorsoventral extent of AI was mapped with multiple-unit recordings in the high-frequency domain (between 5.8 and 26.3 kHz) of all six studied cases. The spatial distributions of 1) sharpness of tuning measured with pure tones and 2) response magnitudes to a broadband transient were determined in each of three intensively studied cases. 2. The sharpness of tuning of integrated cluster responses was defined 10 dB above threshold (Q10 dB, integrated excitatory bandwidth). The spatial reconstructions revealed a frequency-independent maximum located near the center of the dorsoventral extent of AI. The sharpness of tuning gradually decreased toward the dorsal and ventral border of AI in all three cases. 3. The sharpness of tuning 40 dB above response threshold was also analyzed (Q40 dB). The Q40 dB values were less than one-half of the corresponding Q10 dB value. The spatial distribution showed a maximum in the center of AI, similar to the Q10 dB distribution. In two out of three cases, restricted additional maxima were recorded dorsal to the main maximum. Overall, Q10 dB and Q40 dB were only moderately correlated, indicating that the integrated excitatory bandwidth at higher stimulus levels can be influenced by additional mechanisms that are not active at lower levels. 4. The magnitude of excitatory responses to a broadband transient (frequency-step response) was determined. The normalized response magnitude varied between less than 1% and up to 100% relative to a characteristic frequency (CF) tone response. The step-response magnitude showed a systematic spatial distribution. An area dorsal to the Q10 dB maximum consistently showed the largest response magnitude surrounded by areas of lower responsivity. A second spatially more restricted maximum was recorded in the ventral-third of each map. Areas with high-transient responsiveness coincided with areas of broad integrated excitatory bandwidth at comparable stimulus levels. 5. The distribution of excitation produced by narrowband and broadband signals suggest that there exists a clear functional organization in the isofrequency domain of AI that is orthogonal to the main cochleotopic organization of the AI. Systematic spatial variations of the integrated excitatory bandwidth reflect underlying cortical processing capacities that may contribute to a parallel analysis of spectral complexity, e.g., spectral shape and contrast, at any given frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Furuya, Shinichi, and John F. Soechting. "Speed invariance of independent control of finger movements in pianists." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 7 (October 1, 2012): 2060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00378.2012.
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Independent control of finger movements characterizes skilled motor behaviors such as tool use and musical performance. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of movement frequency (tempo) on individuated finger movements in piano playing. Joint motion at the digits was recorded while 5 expert pianists were playing 30 excerpts from musical pieces with different fingering and key locations either at a predetermined normal tempo or as fast as possible. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis using an expectation-maximization algorithm determined three distinct patterns of finger movement coordination for a keypress with each of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers at each of the two tempi. The finger kinematics of each coordination pattern was overall similar across the tempi. Tone sequences assigned into each cluster were also similar for both tempi. A linear regression analysis determined no apparent difference in the amount of movement covariation between the striking and nonstriking fingers at both metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal-interphalangeal joints across the two tempi, which indicated no effect of tempo on independent finger movements in piano playing. In addition, the standard deviation of interkeystroke interval across strokes did not differ between the two tempi, indicating maintenance of rhythmic accuracy of keystrokes. Strong temporal constraints on finger movements during piano playing may underlie the maintained independent control of fingers over a wider range of tempi, a feature being likely to be specific to skilled pianists.
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Harrison, Nicholas Eric, Sarah Meram, Xiangrui Li, Morgan B. White, Sarah Henry, Sushane Gupta, Dongxiao Zhu, Peter Pang, and Phillip Levy. "Hemodynamic profiles by non-invasive monitoring of cardiac index and vascular tone in acute heart failure patients in the emergency department: External validation and clinical outcomes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): e0265895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265895.
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Background Non-invasive finger-cuff monitors measuring cardiac index and vascular tone (SVRI) classify emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) into three otherwise-indistinguishable subgroups. Our goals were to validate these “hemodynamic profiles” in an external cohort and assess their association with clinical outcomes. Methods AHF patients (n = 257) from five EDs were prospectively enrolled in the validation cohort (VC). Cardiac index and SVRI were measured with a ClearSight finger-cuff monitor (formerly NexFin, Edwards Lifesciences) as in a previous study (derivation cohort, DC, n = 127). A control cohort (CC, n = 127) of ED patients with sepsis was drawn from the same study as the DC. K-means cluster analysis previously derived two-dimensional (cardiac index and SVRI) hemodynamic profiles in the DC and CC (k = 3 profiles each). The VC was subgrouped de novo into three analogous profiles by unsupervised K-means consensus clustering. PERMANOVA tested whether VC profiles 1–3 differed from profiles 1–3 in the DC and CC, by multivariate group composition of cardiac index and vascular tone. Profiles in the VC were compared by a primary outcome of 90-day mortality and a 30-day ranked composite secondary outcome (death, mechanical cardiac support, intubation, new/emergent dialysis, coronary intervention/surgery) as time-to-event (survival analysis) and binary events (odds ratio, OR). Descriptive statistics were used to compare profiles by two validated risk scores for the primary outcome, and one validated score for the secondary outcome. Results The VC had median age 60 years (interquartile range {49–67}), and was 45% (n = 116) female. Multivariate profile composition by cardiac index and vascular tone differed significantly between VC profiles 1–3 and CC profiles 1–3 (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.159). A difference was not detected between profiles in the VC vs. the DC (p = 0.59, R2 = 0.016). VC profile 3 had worse 90-day survival than profiles 1 or 2 (HR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.4–17.1). The ranked secondary outcome was more likely in profile 1 (OR = 10.0, 1.2–81.2) and profile 3 (12.8, 1.7–97.9) compared to profile 2. Diabetes prevalence and blood urea nitrogen were lower in the high-risk profile 3 (p<0.05). No significant differences between profiles were observed for other clinical variables or the 3 clinical risk scores. Conclusions Hemodynamic profiles in ED patients with AHF, by non-invasive finger-cuff monitoring of cardiac index and vascular tone, were replicated de novo in an external cohort. Profiles showed significantly different risks of clinically-important adverse patient outcomes.
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El-Hibri, Tayeb. "RESPONSE TO FRED DONNER'S REVIEW OF PARABLE AND POLITICS IN EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORY: THE RASHIDUN CALIPHS (IJMES 43 [2011]: 570–71)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000359.
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In his recent review of my book, Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History, in the August 2011 issue of IJMES, Fred Donner provides several opinions that are in need of correction. His initial impression that the “basic point of Parable and Politics” follows previous scholarship “in an attempt to work out how much is ‘fact’ and how much is literary invention” (p. 570) sets the wrong tone for evaluating studies on historiography. Far from being merely an opposition between true and false, the study of “fiction” in historiography is actually an analysis of construction not of truthfulness. The complexity of doing this lies in reaching for a multifaceted commentary that was originally intended not only in the individual reports but also through a process of intertextuality, which casts implications on a range of issues and on the representation of characters across a cluster of reports.
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Moscardino, Ughetta, Sara Scrimin, Francesca Lionetti, and Michael Pluess. "Environmental sensitivity and cardiac vagal tone as moderators of the relationship between family support and well-being in low SES children: An exploratory study." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 9 (June 2, 2021): 2772–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02654075211021164.
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This cross-sectional study explored whether the association between perceived family support and child well-being was moderated by the individual trait of Environmental Sensitivity (the ability to register, process, and respond to stimuli) and cardiac vagal tone (CVT, an index of self-regulation) in a sample of children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Participating children ( N = 131, Mage = 7.20 years, 47% boys) were individually interviewed about the support received within the family as well as their physical and emotional well-being. Children’s sensitivity was assessed via a series of behavioral tasks, and CVT was recorded at rest. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the behavioral items yielded three sensitivity groups: “Low sensitive” (43%), “Moderately sensitive” (33%), and “Highly sensitive” (24%). The three groups of children did not differ in baseline CVT. However, linear regression analyses revealed that at low and average levels of family support, highly sensitive children with higher resting CVT reported better well-being than those with low resting CVT, whereas no effect was observed among children in the other two groups. In the context of high family support, children reported high levels of well-being irrespective of their levels of vagal activity or sensitivity. The findings suggest that among low SES families, when children experience a poorly supportive family environment and are highly sensitive to negative experiences, having a higher resting CVT may confer an advantage in terms of well-being. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Scherr, Michaela, Letizia Venturini, Karin Battmer, Arnold Ganser, and Matthias Eder. "Lineage-Specific Regulation of miRNA-Expression by the BCR-ABL Oncogene." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1084.1084.
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Abstract Micro RNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by specific hybridization to complementary sequences in the 3′-untranslated region of corresponding mRNAs resulting in inhibition of mRNA translation or mRNA degradation. Aberrant expression of specific miRNAs has been described in a variety of human malignancies but its functional consequences are currently largely unknown. The miR-17- 92 cluster (encoding miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b, and miR-92) has been shown to be over-expressed in chronic phase but not in blast crisis CML CD34+ cells in a BCR-ABL- and c-Myc-dependent manner (Venturini et al. 2007). Interestingly, the knock-out of the polcystronic miR-17-92 cluster in mice recently revealed an essential role in lung development and B-lymphopoiesis at the stage of pre-B-cells also affected in pre- B-ALL which often expresses the BCR-ABL oncogene. To study miR-17-92 expression in BCR-ABL + myeloid and lymphoid cells we performed miRNA specific quantitative RT-PCR (miR-qRT-PCR) in myeloid human K562 and murine 32D/BCR-ABL cells and in lymphoid human BV173 and IL-3-dependent murine TonB cells which can be induced to express BCR-ABL. We found reduced expression of both the miR-17-92 cluster and c-MYC in lymphoid as compared to myeloid cells. Inhibition of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity by imatinib reveals that miR-17-92 expression depends on BCR-ABL in myeloid K562 and 32D/BCR-ABL but not in lymphoid BV173 and TonB cells. Similarly, RNAi against c-MYC reduces miR-17-92 expression in the myeloid but not in lymphoid cell lines demonstrating lineage-specific effects on BCR-ABL-mediated regulation of miR17-92 expression. Furthermore, preliminary chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses in the presence and absence of imatinib demonstrate BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase dependent recruitment of c-MYC to the miR-17-92 5′-regulatory region in myeloid, but not in lymphoid cells. Correspondingly, transcription of the miR-17-92 pri-miRNA is reduced by imatinib treatment in myeloid cell lines. To study the function of individual miRNAs encoded within the polycistronic miR-17-92 cluster in the presence and absence of BCR-ABL, TonB cells were lentivirally transduced with miR-17-19b, a variant of miR- 17-92 selected for efficient transgenic miRNA expression, and with individual miRNAs embedded within miR-30-derived sequences to induce stable miRNA-specific gain-offunction phenotypes (Scherr et al. 2007). Transduction rates were about 98%, and miRqRT- PCR demonstrated increased miRNA-expression between 2- and 14-fold for miR-17- 5p, miR-19b, and miR-20a, respectively. Over-expression of these three miRNAs and the miR-17-19b polycistron had no effect on cell proliferation of TonB cells under stimulation with IL-3 as compared to controls. In contrast, BCR-ABL-dependent proliferation in the absence of IL-3 was reduced by miR-17-5p by about 80% and completely by miR-17-19b in two experiments, whereas miR-19b and miR-20a had only minor inhibitory effects. Interestingly, addition of IL-3 to BCR-ABL+ TonB cells can rescue cell proliferation for all these miRNAs. These data demonstrate lineage-specific effects of BCR-ABL on expression of the miR-17-92 cluster and may suggest that miRNAs encoded within this polycistron encompass target genes whose expression is required for BCR-ABL-mediated cell transformation.
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Liao, Hanbo. "Proto‑Tai reconstruction of ‘maternal grandmother’ revisited." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 18, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 116–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.18.1.04lia.
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Abstract The word ‘maternal grandmother’ presents irregular modern forms in Tai languages. It is ta:jB1 in most Northern Tai (NT) varieties, ta:jA1 in most Central Tai (CT) varieties, na:jA2 in most Southwestern Tai (SWT) varieties, and ja:jA2 in Standard Thai. Li (1971) reconstructs the proto-form of this word as *na:jA , positing that the later forms changed by analogy with semantically similar words. This paper discusses two alternative hypotheses *ta:jA and *ta:jB , and argues that the proto-form was *ta:jB . The analysis indicates that the sound changes of this word in Tai languages are caused by the “contamination” in kinship terms with paired semantic contents in CT/SWT, and by dissimilation from the otherwise homophonous word ‘to die’ in SWT. As a result, the proto-form of ‘maternal grandmother’ *ta:jB is preserved in the vast majority of NT and a cluster of CT. In most CT/SWT the original *B tone changed to *A tone, and then in SWT the initial *t- underwent further change to *n- in order to avoid homophony with the taboo word ‘to die’. This issue of homophony arose only in this branch due to the merger of *t- and *tr- (or *p.t-). This proto-form *ta:jB is supported by historical evidence and other non-Tai languages in the Daic family. Other exceptional irregularities in some CT languages are also discussed as they are crucial to the determination of the *ta:jB hypothesis. Analogous examples from several Tai varieties also support the occurrence of aberrant development due to taboo avoidance.
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Oliynik, V. N. "A statistical algorithm for fast estimation of heart rate and localization of cardiac sounds in phonocardiograms recorded by electronic stethoscopes." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 3 (2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2021/3.14.
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A draft version of the algorithm for fast determination of duration of the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle based on a statistical analysis of a digital phonocardiogram is presented. The developed technique includes localization of the cardiac tones in the record by a quantile dichotomy and modal analysis of the calculated time intervals between the adjacent detected peaks. Next, the scatter plot is constructed in terms of time intervals before and after each peak. The stability of the cardiac rhythm is determined by the density of the cluster occurring near the cross-section of two modal values plotted along the axes. At dominance of a cardiac component in the signal, the discussed approach allows quite reliable determination of the moments of the emergence of the first and second cardiac sounds tones practically on each of the cardiac cycles. This opens the possibility to analyze the variation in the duration of separate phases of heart contractions over time. Due to the work directly in the time domain and low computational costs, the algorithms of this class are suitable for application in portable diagnostic systems with limited processor power.
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Cruickshanks, Karen J., David M. Nondahl, Mary E. Fischer, Carla R. Schubert, and Ted S. Tweed. "A Novel Method for Classifying Hearing Impairment in Epidemiological Studies of Aging: The Wisconsin Age-Related Hearing Impairment Classification Scale." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-00021.
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Purpose Longitudinal population-based cohort data were used to develop a standardized classification system for age-related hearing impairment using thresholds for frequencies (0.5–8 kHz) typically measured in cohort studies. Method Audiometric testing data collected in the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study from participants ( n = 1,369) with four visits (1993–1995, 1998–2000, 2003–2005, and 2009–2010) were included (10,952 audiograms). Cluster analyses (Wald's method) were used to identify audiometric patterns. Maximum allowable threshold values were defined for each cluster to create an ordered scale. Progression was defined as a two-step change. Results An eight-step scale was developed to capture audiogram shape and severity of hearing impairment. Of the 1,094 participants classified as having normal hearing based on a pure-tone average, only 25% ( n = 277) were classified as Level 1 (all thresholds ≤ 20 dB HL) on the new scale, whereas 17% ( n = 182) were Levels 4–6. During the 16-year follow-up, 64.9% of those at Level 1 progressed. There was little regression using this scale. Conclusions This is the first scale developed from population-based longitudinal cohort data to capture audiogram shape across time. This simple, standardized scale is easy to apply, reduces misclassification of normal hearing, and may be a useful method for identifying risk factors for early, preclinical, age-related changes in hearing.
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Belikov, Sergei I., Ivan S. Petrushin, and Lubov I. Chernogor. "Genome Analysis of the Janthinobacterium sp. Strain SLB01 from the Diseased Sponge of the Lubomirskia baicalensis." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 43, no. 3 (December 11, 2021): 2220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030156.
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The strain Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 was isolated from the diseased freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas, 1776) and the draft genome was published previously. The aim of this work is to analyze the genome of the Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 to search for pathogenicity factors for Baikal sponges. We performed genomic analysis to determine virulence factors, comparing the genome of the strain SLB01 with genomes of other related J. lividum strains from the environment. The strain Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 contained genes encoding violacein, alpha-amylases, phospholipases, chitinases, collagenases, hemolysin, and a type VI secretion system. In addition, the presence of conservative clusters of genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of tropodithietic acid and marinocine was found. We present genes for antibiotic resistance, including five genes encoding various lactamases and eight genes for penicillin-binding proteins, which are conserved in all analyzed strains. Major differences were found between the Janthinobacterium sp. SLB01 and J. lividum strains in the spectra of genes for glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases, serine hydrolases, and trypsin-like peptidase, as well as some TonB-dependent siderophore receptors. Thus, the study of the analysis of the genome of the strain SLB01 allows us to conclude that the strain may be one of the pathogens of freshwater sponges.
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Albrecht, Joshua D., and David Huron. "A Statistical Approach to Tracing the Historical Development of Major and Minor Pitch Distributions, 1400-1750." Music Perception 31, no. 3 (December 2012): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.3.223.
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A large-scale study is reported whose purpose was to elucidate the historical development of the European major and minor modes. The study involved 455 musical works by 259 composers sampled across the years 1400 to 1750. Beginning with the period 1700-1750, a series of statistical studies was carried out on the distribution of scale tones, progressively moving backward in time. The method utilized a modified method of key determination – generalized to handle an arbitrary number of modal classifications. The results from cluster analyses on this data are consistent with the view that the modern major and minor modes have changed over time and were preceded by a system in which there were more than just two modes.
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Sofeny, Daniar. "COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CLUSTER MAPPING, FLOW CHARTING, AND DOUBLE/ TRIPLE ENTRY ON TEACHING WRITING SKILL." LITERA 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i1.21239.
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The study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of three writing techniques, namely Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, and Double/ Triple Entry in improving the students’ writing skill. The research technique used was descriptive comparative technique using a quantitative approach. It compared the equations and differences as phenomena to find what factors/ situations that can cause the occurrence of a particular event. The data collection techniques were Documentation study by taking the students’ writing product and interview by giving the question and answer while face to face between the interviewer with the respondent using a tool called interview guide. The try out was conducted to measure validity and reliability. The two ways ANOVA was conducted to test the hypotheses, two –way analysis of variance with F-test at the 5% (0.05) level of significance. The subject of this study was the fourth semester English students with a total of 22 people. The English students’ writing skill using three techniques was tobe the object under the study. The findings of the study were the average writing score of students using Cluster Mapping was 56.5, the average score of students’ writing using Flow Charting was 49.6, and the average score of students’ writing using Double/ Triple Entry was 63.0. It can be concluded that those three techniques of writing skill are effective to use but the most effective is the Double/ Triple Entry technique. Keywords: cluster mapping, flow charting, double/triple entry, writing skill Keywords: Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, Double/ Triple Entry, Writing Skill
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Zhang, Huai, Dahui Wang, Haiyan Ma, Ying Ren, Chenhui Li, Yihua Zheng, Xiaoming Dai, Lei Yang, and Liangwen Xu. "Increased atherogenic index in the general hearing loss population." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0003.
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AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of hearing loss with atherogenic index (AI) in the general population.MethodsA multistage study using cluster random sampling method was conducted in the Zhejiang province from 2016 to 2018. Pure-tone air-conduction hearing thresholds were measured at frequencies of 0.125–8 kHz for each subject. After obtaining their consent, all participants were asked to provide their own plasma lipid data.ResultsA total of 3,414 eligible participants were included, 1,765 (51.7%) were men and 1,649 (48.3%) were women and 1,113 (32.6%) had hearing loss. Ridge regression showed increased AI in subjects with hearing loss. The subgroup with the highest quartile of AI, presenting the highest risk of hearing loss as compared to the lowest quartile, comprised young and middle-aged women. Further analysis revealed that the AI in people with different categories of hearing loss was higher than that in the normal population, except for those with (extremely) severe hearing loss. Moreover, the young and middle-aged women exhibited the most significant correlations between AI and hearing loss.ConclusionAI was positively associated with hearing loss in the general population, especially the young and middle-aged women.
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Tao, Rui, Xia Yu, Jingyi Lu, Yun Shen, Wei Lu, Wei Zhu, Yuqian Bao, Hongru Li, and Jian Zhou. "Multilevel clustering approach driven by continuous glucose monitoring data for further classification of type 2 diabetes." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (February 2021): e001869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001869.
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IntroductionMining knowledge from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to classify highly heterogeneous patients with type 2 diabetes according to their characteristics remains unaddressed. A refined clustering method that retrieves hidden information from CGM data could provide a viable method to identify patients with different degrees of dysglycemia and clinical phenotypes.Research design and methodsFrom Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, we selected 908 patients with type 2 diabetes (18–83 years) who wore blinded CGM sensors (iPro2, Medtronic, California, USA). Participants were clustered based on CGM data during a 24-hour period by our method. The first level extracted the knowledge-based and statistics-based features to describe CGM signals from multiple perspectives. The Fisher score and variables cluster analysis were applied to fuse features into low dimensions at the second level. The third level divided subjects into subgroups with different clinical phenotypes. The four subgroups of patients were determined by clinical phenotypes.ResultsFour subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes with significantly different statistical features and clinical phenotypes were identified by our method. In particular, individuals in cluster 1 were characterized by the lowest glucose level factor and glucose fluctuation factor, and the highest negative glucose factor and C peptide index. By contrast, cluster 2 had the highest glucose level factor and the lowest C peptide index. Cluster 4 was characterized by the greatest degree of glucose fluctuation factor, was the most insulin-sensitive, and had the lowest insulin resistance. Cluster 3 ranked in the middle concerning the CGM-derived metrics and clinical phenotypes compared with those of the other three groups.ConclusionA novel multilevel clustering approach for knowledge mining from CGM data in type 2 diabetes is presented. The results demonstrate that subgroups are adequately distinguished with notable statistical and clinical differences.
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Liu, MaFeng, Mi Huang, DeKang Zhu, MingShu Wang, RenYong Jia, Shun Chen, KunFeng Sun, et al. "Identifying the Genes Responsible for Iron-Limited Condition in Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1 through RNA-Seq-Based Analysis." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8682057.
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One of the important elements for most bacterial growth is iron, the bioavailability of which is limited in hosts. Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA), an important duck pathogen, requires iron to live. However, the genes involved in iron metabolism and the mechanisms of iron transport are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic effects of iron limitation condition on R. anatipestifer CH-1 using the RNA-Seq and RNA-Seq-based analysis. Data analysis revealed genes encoding functions related to iron homeostasis, including a number of putative TonB-dependent receptor systems, a HmuY-like protein-dependent hemin (an iron-containing porphyrin) uptake system, a Feo system, a gene cluster related to starch utilization, and genes encoding hypothetical proteins that were significantly upregulated in response to iron limitation. Compared to the number of upregulated genes, more genes were significantly downregulated in response to iron limitation. The downregulated genes mainly encoded a number of outer membrane receptors, DNA-binding proteins, phage-related proteins, and many hypothetical proteins. This information suggested that RNA-Seq-based analysis in iron-limited medium is an effective and fast method for identifying genes involved in iron uptake in R. anatipestifer CH-1.
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CARVALHO JÚNIOR, JOSÉ EDUARDO VASCONCELOS DE, CARLOS HUMBERTO AIRES MATOS FILHO, REGINA LUCIA FERREIRA GOMES, ÂNGELA CÉLIA DE ALMEIDA LOPES, MARIA AUXILIADORA COELHO DE LIMA, and FRANCISCO PINHEIRO LIMA NETO. "GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MANGO HYBRIDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION1." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 3 (September 2021): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n323rc.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate mango hybrids obtained by open pollination based on the physical and chemical traits of the fruit, and to analyze the genetic diversity among these hybrids to find plants that produce quality fruit both for direct consumption and for industrial processing. The hybrids under study were generated from seeds produced from crosses with unknown genotypes as a result of open pollination. The unknown genotypes were randomly scattered in areas dedicated to growing a Tommy Atkins variety, and plants were obtained from mango seeds generated through sexual propagation. To assess genetic diversity, cluster analysis was carried out, as well as principal component analysis. Two hybrids were most prominent in terms of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, pulp weight, and pulp yield, with mean values greater than 245 g for pulp weight and 70% for pulp yield. Regarding fiber content in the pulp, six hybrids had a score of "2", that is, moderately fibrous fruit. For acidity and soluble solids content, the hybrids exhibited variations from 0.19 to 1.06% of citric acid and from 13.1 to 20.6 ºBrix, respectively. For peel color, tones ranging from reddish orange to yellow and green were observed. As for pulp color, there was variation from orange to light yellow tones. There was variability among the mango hybrids regarding the fruit traits analyzed, and hybrids that produce fruit that combine traits of economic interest were identified.
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Bregman, Albert S., Pierre A. Ahad, and Jean Kim. "Resetting the pitch‐analysis system. 2. Role of sudden onsets and offsets in the perception of individual components in a cluster of overlapping tones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 5 (November 1994): 2694–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411277.
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Suriano, Francesco, Claudia Manca, Nicolas Flamand, Matthias Van Hul, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Cristoforo Silvestri, Patrice D. Cani, and Vincenzo Di Marzo. "A Lipidomics- and Transcriptomics-Based Analysis of the Intestine of Genetically Obese (ob/ob) and Diabetic (db/db) Mice: Links with Inflammation and Gut Microbiota." Cells 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12030411.
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Obesity is associated with a cluster of metabolic disorders, chronic low-grade inflammation, altered gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and alterations of the lipid mediators of the expanded endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system, or endocannabinoidome (eCBome). In the present study, we characterized the profile of the eCBome and related oxylipins in the small and large intestines of genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice to decipher possible correlations between these mediators and intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota composition. Basal lipid and gene expression profiles, measured by LC/MS-MS-based targeted lipidomics and qPCR transcriptomics, respectively, highlighted a differentially altered intestinal eCBome and oxylipin tone, possibly linked to increased mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in db/db mice. In particular, the duodenal levels of several 2-monoacylglycerols and N-acylethanolamines were increased and decreased, respectively, in db/db mice, which displayed more pronounced intestinal inflammation. To a little extent, these differences were explained by changes in the expression of the corresponding metabolic enzymes. Correlation analyses suggested possible interactions between eCBome/oxylipin mediators, cytokines, and bacterial components and bacterial taxa closely related to intestinal inflammation. Collectively, this study reveals that db/db mice present a higher inflammatory state in the intestine as compared to ob/ob mice, and that this difference is associated with profound and potentially adaptive or maladaptive, and partly intestinal segment-specific alterations in eCBome and oxylipin signaling. This study opens the way to future investigations on the biological role of several poorly investigated eCBome mediators and oxylipins in the context of obesity and diabetes-induced gut dysbiosis and inflammation.
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Blazhevich, Yuliya. "Phonetic Peculiarities of the French Language of Cameroon." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2019): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.17.
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Phonetic peculiarities of the territorial variant of the French language in Cameroon have been considered in the article. Audio- and video recordings of French-speaking Cameroonians have been used for the study. Significant divergences between the phonetic systems of the French language of the former metropolis and its Cameroonian version have been detected in the systems of vowels and consonants as well as on the prosodic level. The analysis proves that local Cameroonian languages being L1 of the speakers interfere with the French language of Cameroon as articulation habits of mother tongues are transferred into their speech in the French language. In the vowel system we have detected the following phonological phenomena: substitution of French sounds by the L1 ones, denasalization, diphthongization of vowels, change of sound length and use of epenthesis. In the consonant system such phenomena as substitution, devoicing, voicing, palatalization, sound opposition attenuation and consonant cluster simplification have been detected. Alterations are also observed on the prosodic level where L1 interference manifests in the form of excess tone marking transferred into French which is characteristic of most indigenous African languages. Four groups of accents spoken in Cameroon are also singled out and their main characteristics are described in the article.
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Pan, Xin, Ying Guo, Ziyuan Liu, Zikai Zhang, and Yuxiang Shi. "Impact of different standard lighting sources on red jadeite and color quality grading." Earth Sciences Research Journal 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.84113.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the standard light source for grading and displaying the color of red jadeite and to classify the color. With Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the results show that, the Fe 3+ is the main chromogenic mineral of red jadeite, which negatively correlates with the tonal angle, while the color of red jadeite has a positive correlation with the hematite content. The color of 120 red jadeite samples was examined by collecting the reflective signaled from the sample surface using an integrating sphere with the portable X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. The color parameters of jadeite samples under D65, A and CWF standard light sources were analyzed. The light spectrum of D65 light source is continuous, relatively smoothed with high color temperature, which makes the sample color close to that under the natural light and can be used as the best evaluation light source. A light source contributes to improve the red tone of jadeite, which is the best light source for commercial display of red jadeite. CWF light source can be used as the auxiliary lighting for color evaluation. The color of red jadeite is divided into five levels from best to worst using K-Means cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis under D65 light source: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.
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Olena Volodymyrivna, Hlushchenko, Kornielaieva Yevheniia Valeriivna, and Moskaliuk Olena Viktorivna. "Interpreting Jane Austen’s Writing Style: Adaptations of the Novel Northanger Abbey." Arab World English Journal, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.19.
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The research paper focused on revealing the individual writing style of Jane Austen based on the novel Northanger Abbey and interpretations of its various adaptations. The purpose of the article is to prove that the individual author’s style can be reconstructed due to different stylistic devices that help the reader to understand the message of a literary work more profoundly and take into account in the process of film adaptations. An author’s style is characterized by numerous factors including spelling, word choices, sentence structures, punctuation, use of literary stylistic devices (irony, metaphors, rhyme, etc.) and organization of ideas, narration structure, and overall tone of the narration. The main analytic procedures used in the research are keyness, collocation, and cluster. The authors also define that the novel under analysis is a parody of Gothic fiction. The author ruined the conventions of eighteenth-century novels by making her heroine fall in love with the character before he has a serious thought of her and exposing the heroine’s romantic fears and curiosities as groundless. The article deals with adaptation as an integral part of the concept of intersemiotic translation. It is possible to say that adaptation is an attempt to translate the content of the adapted material into its screening; intersemiotic translation focuses on the analysis and interpretation of semiotic codes in the scope of adapted material. Seven basic operations used to differentiate the range of adaptation are substitution, reduction, addition, amplification, inversion, transaccentation, compression.
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Valderrama, Sandra V., Jorge E. Parra, and Daniel J. Mennill. "Species Differences in the Songs of the Critically Endangered Niceforo's Wren and the Related Rufous-and-White Wren." Condor 109, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.4.870.
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Abstract Niceforo's Wrens (Thryothorus nicefori) and Rufous-and-white Wrens (Thryothorus rufalbus) are closely related Neotropical birds. Niceforo's Wrens, critically endangered endemic Colombian songbirds, are generally considered a sister species to Rufous-and-white Wrens, although some have suggested that they may represent a well-marked race. A careful comparison of the two taxa has never been conducted. Here we present a thorough study of the songs of male Niceforo's and Rufous-and-white Wrens based on recordings collected throughout both species' geographic ranges. Both species sing low-pitched songs composed of varied pure tone whistles. Niceforo's Wren songs are shorter and simpler with fewer syllables and syllable types; they have higher frequency trills and terminal syllables; and they have distinctive terminal syllables with a broader bandwidth, higher frequency of maximum amplitude, and a larger number of frequency modulations. Discriminant analysis based on fine structural details of songs differentiates the two species. In a subspecies-level discriminant analysis, all five subspecies of Rufous-and-white Wren cluster together and are distinct from Niceforo's Wren. Comparisons of morphometric measurements and plumage features reveal parallel differences in body size (Niceforo's Wrens are larger for most measurements) and plumage color (Niceforo's Wrens are more gray than Rufous-and-white Wrens). This study is the first to compare Rufous-and-white versus Niceforo's Wrens with a quantitative approach and supports the idea that these taxa are best understood as distinct species.