Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tomographic scanner'
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Laurendeau, Matthieu. "Tomographic incompleteness maps and application to image reconstruction and stationary scanner design." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0130.
Full textComputed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used modality for three-dimensional (3D) imaging in the medical and industrial fields. In the past few years, new X-ray sources have been developed based on carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes. Their compact size enables the design of a new generation of multi-source CT scanners. In contrast to traditional systems with a single moving source, these scanners often adopt stationary architectures where multiple sources are static. It would benefit both industry with cheaper and motionless systems and medical applications with light-weight and mobile scanners which could be brought to emergency sites. However, this type of scanner uses a fewer number of measurements, known as projections, and may acquire data with a limited range of angles, leading to well-known image reconstruction challenges. This thesis focuses on the design of such stationary CT scanners. Three axes of study were investigated. The first contribution is the development of an object-independent metric to assess the reconstruction capability of a given scanning geometry. Based on Tuy's condition, the metric evaluates local tomographic incompleteness and is visualized through 3D vector field maps. It is further extended to handle truncated projections, improving its applicability to real-world configurations. The metric enables ranking different geometries, predicting image quality reconstruction, and identifying the origin of geometric artifacts. It is applied to a variety of geometries, including existing scanners. The second is a novel local regularization method to address limited-angle reconstruction challenges. The method employs a directional total variation (DTV) regularizer whose strength and directional weights are adaptively selected at each voxel. The weights are determined based on the previously introduced metric. Two approaches for directional weights were explored: ratio-based weighting relative to image axes and ellipse-based weighting. The reconstruction algorithm is evaluated in both 2D and 3D simulations, considering noiseless and noisy data, as well as real data. The third is a tool for optimizing the geometry of CT scanners. Given a fixed number of sources and the surface area available for their positions, the tool optimizes the placement of sources based on the proposed metric. Several state-of-the-art optimization algorithms were implemented and tested on simple 2D and 3D scenarios
Heathcote, Alan D. "The dual development of an optical tomographic scanner and three dimensional gel dosimeter for complex radiotherapy verification." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:764.
Full textBARUFFALDI, FILIPPO. "Development of a Proton Tomography scanner." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3455159.
Full textiMPACT, innovative Medical Proton Achromatic Calorimeter and Tracker, is a University of Padova and INFN research project, funded by the European Research Council. The project aims to design, develop and prototype a fast and accurate proton Computed Tomography (pCT) Scanner, with the ultimate goal of demonstrating the technology necessary to realize a clinically viable pCT system. The overall development, current state, and projected performances of the scanner will be illustrated and discussed. Monte Carlo simulation, a selection of data collected with cosmic rays, and tests with a proton beam will be reviewed as well to quantitatively assess the performance of the apparatus. Preliminary studies on proton track reconstruction, based on a Maximum Likelihood path formalism, will be also presented, together with a supporting object shape identification algorithm. The iMPACT scanner is essentially made by a multi-layer silicon pixels sensors tracker stage using the ALPIDE sensors, and a scintillators-based range calorimeter. There will be an in-depth review of the innovative, highly segmented structure of the calorimeter, based on multiple, orthogonal scintillating elements, and of its read-out architecture, which exploits massive FPGAs parallelism and distributed memory to achieve the triggering and data collection performance necessary to cope with the extremely high event-rate requested by pCT applications. On the tracker side, an overview of the ALPIDE sensor, developed within the ALICE Collaboration for its Inner Tracking System (ITS), and currently adopted for the prototyping phase of the iMPACT tracker, will be illustrated as well, together with the general tracker layout and operations. In parallel, in order improve upon the techniques and methods used in particle physics for tracking purposes, specific studies have been performed to optimize the ALICE ITS alignment, which results will be also presented. Finally, a brief mention will be given to the INFN project ARCADIA, focused on the development of innovative Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors characterized by fully depleted substrate to improve the charge collection efficiency and timing characteristics over a wide range of operational and environmental conditions. The iMPACT project in fact plans to employ the ARCADIA technology to build a pixel detector more suited for the pCT application respect to the ALPIDE sensor.
Yao, Yongjia. "Wearable sensor scanner using electrical impedance tomography." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600214.
Full textBARUFFALDI, FILIPPO. "Development of a proton computed tomography scanner." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3453783.
Full textBergeron, Mélanie. "Construction et expérimentation d'un scanner bimodal TEP/TDM combiné de résolution spatiale submillimétrique pour petits animaux." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6755.
Full textKemgue, Alain Trésor. "Modélisation des formes volumiques complexes par des volumes quadriques. Application à la représentation de l'espace poral du sol à partir des images tomographiques 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS158.pdf.
Full textMost of the natural shapes have complex volume forms that are usually difficult to model using simple analytical equations. The complexity of the representation is due to the heterogeneity of the physical environment and the variety of phenomena involved. In our study, we are interested by the complex volume shapes structures representation from computed tomographic images. Thanks to the technological advances in Computed Tomography scanners, the image acquisition of complex shapes becomes possible. However, these image data are not directly usable for simulation or modeling purposes. In this thesis, we investigate an approach of modeling of such shapes which consists in making a piecewise approximation of the image data by quadric volumes. We propose to use a split-merge strategy and a region growing algorithm to optimize a function that includes both an approximation error term and a scale factor term that is opposed to it. The input of our algorithms is voxel-based shape description and the result is a set of tangent or disjoint quadric volumes representing the shape in an intrinsic way. We apply our method to represent 3D soil pore space obtained from the Computed Tomography scanners. Within this specific context, we validate our geometrical modeling by performing simulations of water draining and microbial decomposition activities on real data soil sample. This study involves several ecological, agricultural and industrial issues
Louis, Nicolas Desgranges Pascal. "Étude au scanner multibarrettes des dissections aigues de type A opérées." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0247917.pdf.
Full textQuatrehomme, Auréline. "Caractérisation des lésions hépatiques focales sur des acquisitions scanner multiphasiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20207/document.
Full textMedical imaging acquisition has taken benefits from recent advances and is becoming more and more important in the patient care process. New needs raise, which are related to image processing. Hepatic lesion recognition is a hot topic, especially because liver cancer is wide-spread and leads to death, most of the time because of the diagnosis which is made too late. In this context is born this manuscrit research project, a collaboration between IMAIOS company and the Laboratory of Informatics, Robotics and Micro-electronics ofMontpellier (LIRMM).This thesis presents a complete and automated system that extracts visual features from lesion images in the medical format DICOM, then differenciate them on these features.The various described contributions are: intensity normalization using healthy liver values, analysis and experimentations around new visual features, which use temporal information or tissue density, different kind of caracterisation of the lesions. This work has been done on multi-phase Computed Tomography acquisitions
McFarland, Sheila J. "Development of a prototype scanner for pulsed ultrasound computed tomography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61142.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Mélanie. "Évaluation des performances du scanner LabPET." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4008.
Full textDellestable, Pierre Schmutz Jean-Luc. "Tomographie par émission de positons au fluoro-désoxyglucose couplée au scanner (TEP-TDM)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_DELLESTABLE_PIERRE.pdf.
Full textPettinato, Jeremy David. "DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE BALANCING PROCEDURE FOR CT SCANNER." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1219432403.
Full textJürgensen, Nadia. "Étalonnage automatique des détecteurs pour scanner LabPET II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11104.
Full textMichetti, Jérôme. "Segmentation endodontique sur des images scanner 3D : méthodes et validation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30186.
Full textIn dental offices, endodontic or root canal treatments are daily performed (over 6 million treatments per year in France). A good knowledge of the root canal anatomy (inside of the tooth or pulp) is an indispensable prerequisite for ensuring the success of root canal treatment. To understand and overpass common morphological variations which are potential source of failures during the treatment, two-dimensional (2D) intra buccal radiography can help dental surgeons. However, distortion, anatomical compression and neighboring anatomical structures superposition reduce image quality and do not allow an accurate qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the root canal anatomy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) available in dental offices might be an alternative by providing 3D reconstructions of dento-maxillofacial structures. But the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of dental CBCT devices in identifying root canal anatomy is necessary to justify their indication in endodontic treatment. Indeed, root canal segmentation on (CBCT) images is difficult because of the noise level, resolution limitations, and to the difficulty to validate results. To help dental surgeons in root canal treatment, this thesis aims at providing image processing methods in order to develop segmentation and visualization methods of the inside of the teeth. To begin with, we have introduced the root canal morphology, the different rules of the root canal treatment and described technical specifications of CBCT devices. We also investigated existing techniques and methods to explore quantitatively root canal anatomy on high resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) images. Afterwards, we proposed a method to evaluate CBCT endodontic segmentation results by comparing with equivalent µCT data. To validate this method and to test endodontic segmentation on CBCT images, we developed a local adaptive thresholding and evaluated results on extracted teeth. To ensure validation on image quality similar to in vivo condition (quality reduced by anatomical structures in and out of the field of view), we designed and validated a periodontal phantom which are made around extracted teeth and allowing to preserve comparison with the ground truth providing by the µCT. At the end of the thesis, we evocated our perspectives based on deep learning and our first results to compensate image quality reduction in order to test endodontic segmentation in clinical condition
Lee, Ki Sung. "Pragmatic image reconstruction for high resolution PET scanners /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5967.
Full textGonzalez, Garza Mario Alberto. "Utilisation d'un scanner médical pour l'étude de l'endommagement des alliages d'aluminium et leurs composites." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0706.
Full textThis study deals with the application of x-ray tomography to the control and characterization of aluminum alloys and their composites. The proposed work provides a good understanding of the interaction between x-ray - material, giving more information for accurate results. Thus, a theoretical assessment of the interaction between the x-ray and the material is presented during the first part of the thesis. Afterwards, different parameters related to the slice reconstruction were analyzed to propose an utilization methodology of the medical scanner in the industrial field. The second part of this research consisted in studying applications related to the industrial production and to the research on this field. Some of the results showed, at macroscopic level, that the scanner provides significant information for the cast defects detection and for the dimensional analysis. At mesoscopic level, the distribution of reinforcements and porosities can be highlighted. Finally, it has been shown by plastic deformation tests; that the scanner resolution makes it possible to distinguish samples grain size and texture
Rajwade, Jaisingh. "PARTIAL-DATA INTERPOLATION DURING ARCING OF AN X-RAY TUBE IN A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1304966508.
Full textTanguy, Quentin. "Design and fabrication of a MEMS scanner for OCT imaging endo-microscopic probe." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8d6ab7ed-eac5-4e11-997b-f9e9af4e8808.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript consists in the conception of an electro-thermo-mechanical optical micro-scanner. In a first time, a design and a model are proposed and the micro-device was fabricated, characterized and a draft of integration onto a Mirau micro-interferometer was carried out in order to build an endoscopic probe for the detection of early stage gastrointestinal cancers using an imaging technique called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The very contribution of the thesis is the development and the fabrication of micro actuators driven electrothermally to control the angular position a micro mirror plate conceived in this purpose. Different architectures of micro-scanners are proposed to best comply with the specifications determined by both the optical expectations and the medical standards requirements of the final apparatus emph{in vivo}.This work, part of a project called textquote{DEMO4} was financed by the French LabEx Action funding source in cooperation between the departments AS2M and MN2S of the French research institute Femto-ST as well as the university of Florida in the USA to deliver a first demonstrator of endoscopic OCT probe.Several batches of fabrication were realized my means of techniques of ac{CMOS}-based microfabrication in exchange between Femto-ST and the university of Florida before being assembled (for lack of monolithic integration capability) onto a micro-interferometer using automated processes specifically developed in this purpose.Finally, an experimental setup is proposed to characterize in order to evaluate the performances achieved and initiate the first tests of optical imaging using the micro-system
Joshi, Jimish Dilip. "Characterization and Improvement of a Cone-Beam CT Scanner for Quantitative Imaging." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1284997522.
Full textMelnyk, Roman. "Theoretical and experimental evaluation of spatial resolution in a variable resolution X-Ray computed tomography scanner." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007-025-Melnyk-Index.html.
Full textTitle from title page screen (viewed on July 18, 2008). Research advisor: Frank A. DiBianca, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xii, 193, p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-193).
Abu-Aita, Rami Rimon. "Count rate and spatial resolution performance of a 3-dimensional dedicated positron emission tomography (pet) scanner." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003440.
Full textBenhouria, Maher. "Stabilisation de la chaîne d'acquisition analogique du scanner LabPET[indice supérieur TM] II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10157.
Full textThibaudeau, Christian. "Développement d'algorithmes de reconstruction statistique appliqués en tomographie rayons-X assistée par ordinateur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1539.
Full textTurco, Anna. "Monte Carlo simulations of a small-animal PET scanner : Analysis of performances and comparison between camera designs." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101900.
Full textCros, Torrents Maria. "Dose assessment in Computed Tomography based on Monte Carlo simulation for a 320 detector-row cone-beam scanner." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454717.
Full textLa tomografía computarizada (TC) se ha convertido en una de les técnicas de imagen más utilizadas en el campo del radiodiagnóstico. Desde la introducción de los escáneres TC multidetector, el rápido proceso de evolución tecnológica ha permitido el uso de nuevas aplicaciones diagnósticas. Por este motivo, es de gran importancia la evaluación de exposición de radiación en los escáneres y protocoles actuales de adquisición con el objetivo de optimizar la aplicación clínica del TC y de minimizar los posibles efectos de la radiación para la salud. La motivación de esta tesis fue el desarrollo de una herramienta de simulación basada en Monte Carlo (MC) que reprodujera todas las características técnicas del escáner de TC de haz cónico con 320 hileras de detectores y las últimas recomendaciones de la ICRP con el objetivo de evaluar dosis en pacientes sometidos a exploraciones TC. Los cuatro artículos que forman esta tesis describen el proceso seguido para adaptar el modelo de escáner al programa de simulación, la validación del código MC desarrollado, el uso del programa para la estimación de dosis en órganos y dosis efectiva en distintas exploraciones TC del equipo y el desarrollo de una herramienta de software dosimétrica para la evaluación de dosis. En conclusión, esta tesis presenta un marco de referencia para una estimación de dosis precisa en pacientes estándar sometidos a exploraciones TC en un escáner de haz cónico de 320 hileras de detectores.
Computed Tomography (CT) has become one of the imaging techniques most used in the field of diagnostic radiology. Since the introduction of the multi-slice CT scanners, a continuous process of technological evolution has made possible a new range of diagnostic applications. For this reason, there is a need to be aware about radiation exposure in current scanners and current acquisition protocols in order to optimize the clinical application of CT and to minimize possible radiation-induced health effects. The motivation of this thesis was the development of a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tool taking into account all relevant technical characteristics of the 320 detector-row cone-beam CT scanner and the latest recommendations of the ICRP with the aim of assessing doses in patients undergoing CT examinations. The four papers included in this thesis described the procedure followed to tailor the scanner model in a MC simulation program, the validation of the MC code, the use of the program for estimation of organ absorbed doses and effective doses in different CT examinations and the development of a dosimetric software tool for dose assessment and reporting. Hence, this dissertation presents a framework for an accurate dose estimates in standard patients undergoing CT examinations with a 320 detector-row cone-beam scanner.
Saccardy, Fabrice. "Intérêt du scanner multicoupe dans la détection et la caractérisation des anévrismes intracrâniens : comparaison avec l'artériographie numérisée." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT1061.
Full textPerrin, Stéphanie. "Évaluation de la microarchitecture osseuse in vivo chez la femme par un nouveau scanner périphérique à haute résolution : application à la fragilité osseuse liée à l'ostéoporose." Lyon 1, 2008. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m64b2zd4.
Full textBone microarchitecture is one of the determinants of bone quality that can now be evaluated in vivo at the distal radius and tibia with an isotropic resolution of 82μm with a new high-resolution peripheral scanner (XtremeCT, SCANCO Medical AG). Our studies show that this technique is promising to assess bone density and microarchitecture at peripheral skeletal sites, both in terms of reproducibility (CV ranging from 0. 7 to 4. 4%) and ability to detect age and disease-related changes (osteopenia or osteoporosis). We also demonstrated that this microarchitecture is associated with fragility fractures partly independent of bone density as assessed by DXA. When finite element analysis was added to this technique, we determined that bone mechanical properties can provide information about skeletal fragility and fracture risk not assessed by density or microarchitecture measurements alone
Lee, Mark K. "The study and analysis of soft tissue mechanics, application of a 3D dynamic computed tomography scanner for vascular imaging." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0010/NQ40270.pdf.
Full textSamson, Arnaud. "Conception d’un système d’alignement temporel basé sur une sonde temporelle pour le scanner LabPET II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11847.
Full textSimon, Antoine. "Extraction et caractérisation du mouvement cardiaque en imagerie scanner multibarrette." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284654.
Full textGupta, Shruti. "Performance Analysis of Quantitative Bone Measurement with Spiral, Multi-Detector CT Scanners." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229708472.
Full textLorin, Jean-Louis. "Place et limites du toucher rectal et du scanner dans le bilan préopératoire des cancers du bas rectum." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23083.
Full textAggarwal, Kajal. "Impact of preclinical PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE028.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the nuclear imaging techniques, used in the field of oncology, cardiology and neurology as a functional imaging modality. During the last three decades, advancement of PET modality and the development of animal models of human disease have lead to the development of PET technology dedicated to small animals. Due to the size difference between humans and mice, small animal scanners require improved spatial resolution. Due to the improved spatial resolution, the voxel size decreases significantly thereby, reducing the number of signals from a voxel. Higher the detected counts, higher the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thus improvement in the detection efficiency also plays an important role. Our objective is to study the impact of PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality. To achieve this, we have simulated four different scanner designs. The idea behind the selected scanner designs studied in this thesis is to progressively add an extra dimension in the estimated position of interaction of the gamma photon, i.e., going from 2D detection to 3D detection. We demonstrated that it is possible to decouple the spatial resolution and detection efficiency, improving both simultaneously. Further, we characterized that improving spatial resolution results in improved Recovery Coefficient (RC). Detection efficiency impacts the SNR, which further impacts the estimated error in the RC values. However, there are other factors such as image reconstruction approach and normalization corrections that degrade these error values. Thus, it is important to not only improve the performance parameters of the scanners but also to accurately implement the image reconstruction process, so as to correctly quantify the improvement in the image quality
Koua, Konin Miloud-Calliste. "Conception d'un préamplificateur de charge faible bruit pour un scanner TEP/TDM en technologie CMOS 0,18 [micromètre]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1535.
Full textGeoffroy, Charles. "Récupération en temps réel de coïncidences diffuses triples dans un scanner TEP à l'aide d'un réseau de neurones artificiels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6177.
Full textLullin, Justine. "Design, simulation and fabrication of a vertical microscanner for phase modulation interferometry - Application to optical coherence tomography system for skin imaging." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2010/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the design, simulation and fabrication of a vertically actuated 4x4 array ofmicromirrors with embedded position sensing function. The vertical microscanner is meant to beintegrated within an array-type Mirau microinterferometer realized with optical microcomponentsfabricated using collective techniques. The microscanner, developed in this thesis, provides areference signal that is used for the implementation of phase modulation interferometery in an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) system. This thesis first introduces the need for adapted imagingsystems for the early diagnosis of skin cancer and establishes the optical specifications requiredby this specific application. Based on these specifications, the design of the OCT system based onthe Mirau microinterferometer is presented. In parallel, the state of the art of the microactuationtechnologies is discussed and comb drive electrostatic actuation is chosen, for its compatibilitywith the design of the Mirau microinterferometer, to actuate and sense the position of the array ofmicromirrors. Then, the core of the thesis deals with the development of the vertical microscanner,i.e. its design and simulations, its fabrication and its characterization
Lilamand, Matthieu. "Apports des biomarquers amyloïdes dans la caractérisation de la plainte mnésique du sujet âgé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS342.
Full textThe biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have enabled the identification of its pathological features, many years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Positon Emission Tomography (PET) using radiotracers binding the amyloid plaques has, indeed, paved the way for new perspectives. However, these biomarkers have only been studies in small populations so far, with limited follow-up. Moreover, their high costs allow us to question their performances in view of their relationship to physical and cognitive assessment instruments. The main goal of our work was to assess the interest of amyloid PET in a well-phenotyped population of elderly subjects reporting memory complaints, associated with objective cognitive impairment or not. Our studied population comprised 271 participants from the MAPT trial aged 70 and over, without major cognitive impairment, who performed amyloid PET examination. The first analysis studied the socio-demographical and clinical characteristics of individuals depending on the presence of brain amyloid deposition or episodic memory impairment. A second study examined the cross-sectional association between brain amyloid load and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) performance. The last analysis focused of the longitudinal change in IADL abilities between amyloid positive and amyloid negative participants over the 3-year follow-up.Amyloid positive subjects showed poorer abilities in IADL compared to their amyloid negative counterparts, despite similar cognitive performance. Brain amyloid load also impacted the daily functioning of individuals over time, taking in consideration confounding factors such as age, randomization group and ApoE genotyping. These findings confirmed the relationship of brain amyloid deposition to subtle changes in IADL abilities, even in the absence of cognitive impairment. Yet, the absence of disease modifying agents as well as uncertainties regarding the long-term evolution of asymptomatic individuals showing a positive biomarker are still to be determined. Further longitudinal studies including older old participants are warranted to address these concerns
Alokhina, Marharyta. "Design of the Cherenkov TOF whole-body PET scanner using GATE simulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS279/document.
Full textIn this thesis we present the conception and performance studies of the foreseen Cherenkov whole-body positron emission scanner with time-of-flight potential (PECHE project). Our results and conclusions are based on the GATE simulation for following scanner configurations: lead fluoride crystal coupled with micro-channel-plate photomultiplier. This crystal is characterized by high density, transparency for photons in ultraviolet region, and one of the highest photoelectric fraction of about 46%. The chosen photomultiplier is fast, pixelized detector of a large size with a reasonable quantum efficiency, of 25% for 400 nm photon wavelength. Due to these properties, it is possible to create an efficient 511-keV gamma detector with a crystal thickness of the order of 10 mm(one interaction length) and hence minimize the length and dispersion of the photon trajectories, leading to better time resolution. We considered different configurations of the elementary detectors such as crystal thicknesses of 10 and 20 mm, the detector ring diameter of 80 and 90 cm, various options of the crystal coating (black, diffuse white and polished) and two optical interfaces (molecular bonding and conventional assembling with an optical gel). As an optimal configuration we chose a three-ring pet scanner with diameter of the ring 80 cm, 10 mm-thick crystal, protected with lead shielding. Molecular bonding gives better photo-collection if compare with configuration with optical gel. We estimated the potential of the foreseen scanner following the prescription of the NEMA NU 2-2012 standard. In particular, we evaluated the noise equivalent count rate (NECR), spatial resolution, image contrast recovery coefficients versus background variability for the NEMA image quality phantom. Reconstruction of images is done using iterative TOF algorithm implemented in the recently developed open source reconstruction platform CASToR. We concluded that due to an excellent TOF resolution a crystal-based Cherenkov whole-body scanner could achieve performances comparable with a conventional, scintillation-based tomograph. The use of the Cherenkov radiation allows to achieve even much better TOF resolution, but currently it is limited by the transit time spread of the existing photomultipliers, a low number of the detected optical photons, and a limited photon collection efficiency in a crystal. Limitations identified in this study will be addressed in the future development of the improved photodetector using the PbWO₄ radiator, which allows to conceive a whole-body PET scanner with an excellent TOF performance
Gariani, Gianluca. "Déchiffrer les matériaux, l'origine, et les procédés de fabrication des "Madonne di gesso" : étude technique de reliefs en stuc des maitres sculpteurs de la Renaissance Italienne." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1027.
Full textThe production of devotional reliefs flourished in 15th century Florence, where original marble models from Renaissance Masters were moulded to be reproduced in series. Among the materials mostly used to this purpose was the so-called “stucco”. Despite the wide diffusion of stucco reliefs, details concerning their constitutive materials and manufacturing processes are fragmentary and poorly studied. In the framework of a multidisciplinary project fostered by the Louvre Museum, this thesis explored three research lines in order to: 1) identify and characterise stucco mineral constituents; 2) determine raw material provenance; 3) investigate manufacturing techniques and serial casting processes.A multi-analytical approach was devised to investigate composition (SEM-EDX, PIXE, LA-ICP-MS) and structure (XRD, FEG-SEM, SµCT) of micro samples obtained from 30 representative artworks attributed to 7 Florentine Masters.Results showed that all the artworks are made of a gypsum based stucco (40-44 wt% CaO and 52-56 wt% SO3) with secondary mineral phases (anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, celestine and clay minerals) in few weight percentage maximum.PIXE and LA-ICP MS trace elements analyses, the study of W/P ratio and pores morphology by SEM-EDX and SµCT, pointed out that about 20 reliefs present similar compositional and structural parameters. This confirms the hypothesis of common practices and of a common production centre according to the Florentine attribution of the artworks.A geological survey was performed in 3 quarries in the surroundings of Florence and the provenance of the raw gypsum was investigated by means of geochemical and isotopic composition. In particular synsedimentary clay minerals with variable amounts of K, Mg and Fe, related trace elements (e.g. Ti and REE), and multi isotopic fingerprint (S, O, Sr) have been tested as provenance markers. Usefulness and pitfalls of the approach were verified through a first promising comparison with data obtained on stucco reliefs. Miocene quarries seems to have compatible signature with the ones measured on artworks.Nonetheless, small differences related both to accessory minerals proportions, to trace element contents, and to pores microstructures suggest that some of the stucco reliefs after models of Donatello and A. Rossellino might have been produced following different practices or particularly by using different raw materials. These evidences, corroborated by the activity of these artists in many Italian regions, raise the hypothesis of the production of these casts outside the Florentine area.In parallel, THz-TDI, Xray radiography and Computed Tomography were tested for the non-invasive investigation of the internal stratigraphy of plaster layers possibly revealing different manufacturing techniques.Finally, serial manufacturing techniques were investigated on 3 groups of replicas belonging to 3 models after Donatello & B. Bellano, D. da Settignano and A. Rossellino. Structured light 3D scanner and mesh comparison of the 3D models obtained on stucco casts proved to be a very useful tool. The method allowed to measure millimetric differences of shapes and topography among reliefs stored at the Louvre, Bargello and Bardini Museum. This helped to find direct correlations between casts, to verify which ones were most likely produced with the same mould, and to propose a chronology within the same casting series.Results obtained disclosed new and important insights on the practices of 15th century Florentine botteghe and on the manufacturing of these artworks. This work and the large set of data produced will also provide solid basis for further investigations and will hopefully prompt interest on this topic worth to be studied with increased attention
Gervaise, Alban. "Optimisation et réduction de la dose d’irradiation au scanner : aspects techniques et impact en pratique clinique courante." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0136/document.
Full textSince its introduction in the 1970s, computed tomography (CT) has become the technique of reference in medical imaging for many diseases due to its high diagnostic performance. Its main limitation is the radiation dose delivered to the patient. Considering the potential risks of radiation-induced cancer caused even with low dose exposure, dose reduction in CT is essential. In this work, we studied several technical and behavioral factors that allow for CT radiation dose reduction and optimization, without modifying the diagnostic performance. Among the behavioral factors studied, education and awareness of radiologists and radiology technicians are important elements for CT radiation dose reduction. Limiting CT scan coverage and the number of acquisition phases is also a straightforward and effective way to reduce dose exposure. Regarding technical factors, we have shown that iterative reconstruction algorithms can reduce in half the radiation dose in comparison with standard filtered back projection, while maintaining equivalent image quality. The use of wide volume mode for acquisitions with a short coverage and the use of the automatic tube current modulation can also be used to reduce and optimize CT radiation dose. Finally, we provide guidelines to optimize CT radiation dose in some clinical settings such as renal colic and musculoskeletal CT. We also propose practical guidelines for advanced clinical applications of joint dynamic CT and perfusion CT in musculoskeletal disease
Diallo, Ibrahima. "Etude physique de la détection pour la tomographie de transmission avec simulateur-scanneur : mise en oeuvre d'une barrette d'oxysulfure de gadolinium." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30202.
Full textWise, Zachary Gordon Lee. "System Optimization and Patient Translational Motion Correction for Reduction of Artifacts in a Fan-Beam CT Scanner." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1347918440.
Full textBurdette, Don Joesph. "A Study of the Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on the Image Resolution of PET Scanners." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245095497.
Full textHyafil, Fabien. "Imagerie non invasive de la plaque d'athérosclérose vulnérable : place de la médecine nucléaire, du scanner et de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077170.
Full textAcute coronary syndromes are often associated to rupture or erosion of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by their specific cellular and biological composition rather than by their impact on the vessel lumen. Identification of atherosclerotic plaques at risk of rupture with non invasive imaging techniques could be useful for risk stratification and early implementation of therapies aimed at plaque stabilization. In this work, we first describe the various histological and biological characteristics of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that will help to define potential targets for the different imaging techniques of vulnerable plaques. We then discuss the specific issues related to the development of radiotracers or contrast agents aimed at detecting biological activities in atherosclerotic plaques. We give a comprehensive overview of the current imaging techniques that allows for the detection of certain characteristics of vulnérable atherosclerotic plaques using scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we describe the recent works that demonstrate the detection of specific biological activities present in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, such as increased phagocytosis of inflammatory cells, neoangiogenesis and high proteolytic activities, using novel contrast agents for CT and MRI
Nishimatsu, Kayo. "Higher breast cancer conspicuity on dbPET compared to WB-PET/CT." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/226766.
Full textKalavagunta, Chaitanya. "Evaluation of optically stimulated luminescence A1₂O₃:C detectors for use in diagnostic computed tomography." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
Find full textGhita, Monica. "Computer simulations to estimate organ doses from clinically validated cardiac, neuro, and pediatric protocols for multiple detector computed tomography scanners." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025006.
Full textGaland, Vincent. "Apport de l’imagerie dans la prédiction et l’évaluation de la réponse à la stimulation biventriculaire et perspective d’optimisation de la resynchronisation chez le patient insuffisant cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENB012.
Full textCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is recommended in selected heart failure patients. Response to CRT is challenging to predict in clinical practice and up to 30% of patients are not responders. Left ventricular wall thickness analyzed using cardiac computed tomography (CT) before CRT implantation may be helpful to predict and evaluate the response to CRT. Sudden cardiac death risk decreases after CRT implantation and is strongly related to the reverse remodeling induced by resynchronization However, this risk may be difficult to predict using clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Myocardial wall thickness evaluated usingcardiac CT may be also helpful to predict the occurrence ventricular arrhythmias after CRT implantation. New technological tools are warranted for improving the rate of CRT responder’s patients. Left ventricular endocardial pacing following with conduction system pacing are promising for improving outcomes in CRT candidate
Gaudio, D. A. "NUOVE TECNOLOGIE NELL¿AMBITO DELL¿ANTROPOLOGIA FISICA E FORENSE:IMAGING E MODELLAZIONE 3D." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232968.
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