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Araújo, João Paulo Braga [UNESP]. "Aplicação de fungicida via irrigação por gotejamento na cultura do tomateiro em cultivo protegido." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93841.
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araujo_jpb_me_botfca.pdf: 1926201 bytes, checksum: 39fb88bb1e1d044600067546efef56fe (MD5)O presente trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de uma nova técnica de aplicação de fungicida , através da água de irrigação pelo sistema localizado (gotejamento), na cultura do tomate híbrido Debora Plus em ambiente protegido, no controle da doença causada pelo fungo Septoria lycopersici Sepg., comparado com a aplicação convencional (pulverização). Essa nova técnica se chama Fungigação. Além de estudar a comparação dos tipos de aplicação, foi estudado também 6 (seis) doses do fungicida benomyl na fungigação. As doses utilizadas foram: 75% a menos que a dose recomendada (59,5 mg/vaso), 50% a menos que a dose recomendada (119,0 mg/vaso), 25% a menos que a dose recomendada (178,5 mg/vaso), 100% da dose recomendada (238,0 mg/vaso), 25% a mais que a dose recomendada (297,5 mg/vaso) e 50% a mais que a dose recomendada (357,0 mg/vaso). As doses utilizadas nas aplicações por pulverização, foram de 100% da dose recomendada pelo fabricante (238,0 mg/vaso). Também foram avaliados os números de frutos colhidos, a massa fresca e seca dos mesmos e a altura das plantas comparando-os pelos tipos de tratamentos recebidos. A fungigação foi feita semanalmente, dando um total de 17 (dezessete) aplicações, as pesagens dos frutos foi feita semanalmente, dando um total de 10 (dez) pesagens e as medições da altura da planta do tomateiro quinzenalmente, dando um total de 5 (cinco) medições. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. Pode-se observar que pelos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho que a aplicação convencional do benomyl para controle da septoriose do tomateiro mostrou-se superior à fungigação; não houve também diferença significativa nas diferentes dosagens do produto na fungigação, mas houve um controle da doença; a altura da planta foi praticamente igual para todos os tratamentos... .
The aim of this study was to verify the efects of a new technic of fungicides aplication, through water from irrigation by the localized system (leaking), in hybrid tomatoes cultivation Debora Plus in protected environment, to control the diseased tomatoes caused by the fungal Septoria lycopersici Sepg, comparing with the convencional aplication (spraying). This new technic is called fungigation. Above the study the comparison from kinds of aplication, was also studyed 6 (six) doses of fungicide in fungigation. The used doses were: 75% less than the recommended (59,5 mg/vase), 50% less than the recommended dose (119,0 mg/vase), 25% less than the recommended dose (178,5 mg/vase), 100% of recommended dose (238,0 mg/vase), 25% more than the recommended dose (297,5 mg/vase) and 50% more than the recommended dose (357,0 mg/vase). The used doses in aplication by spraying, were 100% of recommended dose by the industry (238,0 mg/vase). It was also avaliables the collected fruits numbers, the fresh mass, dry matter and the height plants comparing by the kind received of treatment. The fungigation was make weekly, givining in the total 17 (seventeen) aplications, the fruits weigh was make weekly, givining a total 10 (ten) weigh, and the measures of tomatoes plants height was in 15 (fifteen) days, givining a total of 5 (five) measures. It was adopted to delineate in blocks casualializated with 8 (eight) treatments and 5 (five) repetitions. It can observe by the found results in this present research that the convencional aplication of benomyl, to control the tomatoes septoriose, showing higher than fungigation; did not have significant difference in differents doses of product in fungigation, but had a tendence of desease control; the plant height was almost as equal as all the treatments, showing that as much as fungigation like in convencional spraying, did not have interference in plants growing... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Araújo, João Paulo Braga. "Aplicação de fungicida via irrigação por gotejamento na cultura do tomateiro em cultivo protegido /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93841.
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Orientador: Hélio Grassi FilhoBanca: Antonio Evaldo Klar
Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado
Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de uma nova técnica de aplicação de fungicida , através da água de irrigação pelo sistema localizado (gotejamento), na cultura do tomate híbrido "Debora Plus" em ambiente protegido, no controle da doença causada pelo fungo Septoria lycopersici Sepg., comparado com a aplicação convencional (pulverização). Essa nova técnica se chama "Fungigação". Além de estudar a comparação dos tipos de aplicação, foi estudado também 6 (seis) doses do fungicida benomyl na fungigação. As doses utilizadas foram: 75% a menos que a dose recomendada (59,5 mg/vaso), 50% a menos que a dose recomendada (119,0 mg/vaso), 25% a menos que a dose recomendada (178,5 mg/vaso), 100% da dose recomendada (238,0 mg/vaso), 25% a mais que a dose recomendada (297,5 mg/vaso) e 50% a mais que a dose recomendada (357,0 mg/vaso). As doses utilizadas nas aplicações por pulverização, foram de 100% da dose recomendada pelo fabricante (238,0 mg/vaso). Também foram avaliados os números de frutos colhidos, a massa fresca e seca dos mesmos e a altura das plantas comparando-os pelos tipos de tratamentos recebidos. A fungigação foi feita semanalmente, dando um total de 17 (dezessete) aplicações, as pesagens dos frutos foi feita semanalmente, dando um total de 10 (dez) pesagens e as medições da altura da planta do tomateiro quinzenalmente, dando um total de 5 (cinco) medições. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. Pode-se observar que pelos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho que a aplicação convencional do benomyl para controle da septoriose do tomateiro mostrou-se superior à fungigação; não houve também diferença significativa nas diferentes dosagens do produto na fungigação, mas houve um controle da doença; a altura da planta foi praticamente igual para todos os tratamentos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the efects of a new technic of fungicides aplication, through water from irrigation by the localized system (leaking), in hybrid tomatoes cultivation "Debora Plus" in protected environment, to control the diseased tomatoes caused by the fungal Septoria lycopersici Sepg, comparing with the convencional aplication (spraying). This new technic is called fungigation. Above the study the comparison from kinds of aplication, was also studyed 6 (six) doses of fungicide in fungigation. The used doses were: 75% less than the recommended (59,5 mg/vase), 50% less than the recommended dose (119,0 mg/vase), 25% less than the recommended dose (178,5 mg/vase), 100% of recommended dose (238,0 mg/vase), 25% more than the recommended dose (297,5 mg/vase) and 50% more than the recommended dose (357,0 mg/vase). The used doses in aplication by spraying, were 100% of recommended dose by the industry (238,0 mg/vase). It was also avaliables the collected fruits numbers, the fresh mass, dry matter and the height plants comparing by the kind received of treatment. The fungigation was make weekly, givining in the total 17 (seventeen) aplications, the fruits weigh was make weekly, givining a total 10 (ten) weigh, and the measures of tomatoes plants height was in 15 (fifteen) days, givining a total of 5 (five) measures. It was adopted to delineate in blocks casualializated with 8 (eight) treatments and 5 (five) repetitions. It can observe by the found results in this present research that the convencional aplication of benomyl, to control the tomatoes septoriose, showing higher than fungigation; did not have significant difference in differents doses of product in fungigation, but had a tendence of desease control; the plant height was almost as equal as all the treatments, showing that as much as fungigation like in convencional spraying, did not have interference in plants growing... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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Lloyd, Wennie Lim. "Viscosity and lyophoresis of comminuted tomato products /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399025573.
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Estiarte, Núria. "Alternaria spp. and their mycotoxins in tomatoes. A scientific approach from field to food industry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/390957.
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Arran de la publicació del document científic de l’EFSA titulat “Opinió científica sobre el risc existent per animals i la salut pública en relació a la presència de toxines d’Alternaria en productes alimentaris i pinsos” va sorgir la idea de desenvolupar aquesta Tesi Doctoral.
En primer lloc, es van escollir dues empreses alimentàries de la província de Lleida i es va iniciar la recol•lecta de mostres de tomata durant dues campanyes per tal de determinar la presència d’espècies viables d’Alternaria mitjançant la tècnica PMA-qPCR i, a la vegada, analitzar la presència de dues micotoxines d’Alternaria (AOH i AME). En segon lloc, es van estudiar dos components de la família de proteïnes Velvet (VeA i LaeA) i, paral•lement, es va indagar en el metabolisme de les poliamines en Alternaria alternata amb l’objectiu de trobar noves diana útils per al disseny de nous fungicides. El següent pas dut a terme, ja en un context de postcollita, va ser analitzar els efectes de l’1-metilciclopropè en A. alternata infectant tomates en relació al creixement fúngic i a la producció d’AOH i AME. Finalment, es va estudiar l’estabilitat de l’AOH i l’AME durant el procés industrial de productes derivats de tomataFue a partir de la publicación científica de la EFSA “Opinión científica sobre el riesgo existente para animales y la salud pública en relación a la presencia de toxinas de Alternaria en productos alimentarios y piensos” que surgió la idea de desarrollar esta Tesis Doctoral. En primer lugar, se escogieron dos industrias alimentarias de la provincia de Lleida y se inició la recolecta de muestres de tomate durante dos campañas con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de especies viables de Alternaria mediante la técnica PMA-qPCR y, a su vez, se analizó la presencia de dos micotoxinas de Alternaria (AOH y AME). En segundo lugar, se estudiaron dos componentes de la familia de proteínas Velvet (VeA y LaeA) y, paralelamente, se indagó en el metabolismo de les poliaminas en Alternaria alternata con el objetivo de encontrar nuevas diana útiles para el diseño de nuevos fungicidas. El segundo lugar, se analizaron los efectos del 1-metilciclopropeno en A. alternata infectando tomates en relación al crecimiento fúngico y a la producción de AOH y AME. Finalmente, se estudió la estabilidad de AOH y AME durante el proceso industrial de productos derivados de tomate
As a result of the publication of the EFSA’S scientific report, entitled “Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food”, arose the idea of developing this Doctoral Thesis. The first steps were to assess the presence of viable Alternaria spp. using the PMA-qPCR technique and, additionally, analyze the occurrence of two Alternaria mycotoxins (AOH and AME). A second approach to the problem was to focus the study in analyzing two components of the Velvet family (VeA and LaeA) and, at the same time, the polyamine metabolism in order to find new targets useful to design new fungicides. Secondly, in a postharvest context, effects of 1-methylcyclopropene were analyzed on A. alternata infecting tomatoes in relation to fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Finally, the stability of AOH and AME along the industrial process of tomato derivate products was studied
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Felix, Berrueto Ana Georgina, and Berrueto Ana Georgina Felix. "Tomato Suspension Agreement: An Analysis of U.S. Fresh Tomato Market." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625886.
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Tomatoes are a high value crop in the United States market, especially during the winter months when the main suppliers are Florida and Mexico, and this has created conflict within the industry, off and on, for nearly 50 years. Literature points to imported tomatoes as the cause of lower prices in the United States market (ERS-USDA 2016).
This thesis analyzes the effects of fresh tomato volumes both imported from Mexico and shipped from Florida on their shipping point prices and on terminal market prices in the United States. It also investigates the influence of the tomato suspension agreement on shipping point prices and on fresh tomato volumes in the United States, and to what extent temperature and precipitation have an impact on fresh tomatoes volumes.
This analysis utilizes historical information of 18 years (1998 – 2015) of tomato volumes in the United States market, prices free on board (F.O.B.) for point of origin sales, prices of wholesale market sales at three main terminal markets, gas prices, weather patterns in the main tomato growing regions of Florida and Mexico, and the Tomato Suspension Agreement floor prices for Mexican tomatoes.
The findings of this research show that the volume of Mexican tomatoes have no effect on shipping point prices of round tomatoes from Florida, and even more, neither affect the terminal market prices of round tomatoes from Florida at its main markets (New York and Chicago terminal markets). These findings contradict the accusations of Mexican tomatoes being dump in the market and lowering prices.
The results of this study suggest that by utilizing different growing methods (greenhouses) the Mexican tomato industry has been able to control for temperature changes that can decimate tomato production acquiring a competitive advantage over Florida tomato production.
Moreover, the findings suggest that the tomato suspension agreement floor prices affect in like manner volumes and prices of tomatoes from both Mexico and from Florida.
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Oliveira, Sabrina Leite de. "Valoração dos atributos de qualidade do tomate de mesa = um estudo com atacadistas da CEAGESP." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256872.
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Orientador: Marcos David FerreiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: A grande variação no valor do tomate de mesa, do mesmo grupo varietal, mesma classificação e no mesmo dia de comercialização, registradas no mercado atacadista da Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP), tem entre suas causas mais importantes a diferença de qualidade entre os atributos destes frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar uma ferramenta de avaliação dos atributos de qualidade considerados importantes para o tomate de mesa e a partir da avaliação destes atributos apontar os mais relevantes na diferença de valor praticado na comercialização no mercado atacadista de tomate da CEAGESP. Primeiramente, foram levantados a partir da entrevista com agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP os principais atributos, que determinam a qualidade do tomate de mesa. A partir desta respostas, em uma segunda etapa, foi criado um gabarito visual de avaliação da qualidade a ser utilizado como ferramenta de avaliação das causas da diferença de valor. Por fim, na terceira etapa, foram levantados os lotes de tomate de mesa do grupo Saladete, longa vida de coloração final vermelha, de preço máximo e os de preço mínimo para três classificações (graúdo, médio e miúdo) comercializados no mesmo dia e avaliados os seus atributos de qualidade por dois sistemas: sistema I - avaliação dos atributos de qualidade por meio de notas de desempenho de acordo com o gabarito visual, e o sistema II - levantamento da frequência de ocorrência de cada atributo avaliado no lote de tomate. Os atributos que determinam a qualidade do tomate, segundo os agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP, são: o tamanho (tipo ou calibre), a coloração do fruto, a ausência de defeitos, durabilidade, embalagem e sabor. Constatou-se que a diferença média entre os preços máximos e mínimos, nos dias levantados, foi maior para o tomate classificado como miúdo (196%), seguido do médio (106%) e graúdo (44%). Os atributos determinantes na explicação da variação de preços avaliados pelo sistema I são embalagens paletizáveis (caixa com dimensões externas que permitam o empilhamento em palete, 1,00 m por 1,20 m, e com furos laterais que permitam a boa circulação de ar) e embalagens que proporcionem um adequado empilhamento (encaixe perfeito das embalagens, suporte adequado do produto pela embalagem, pilha regular e firme), enquanto que, para o sistema II, estes atributos são: frutos sem danos superficiais de casca e proteção adequada da embalagem contra injúrias mecânicas. A metodologia empregada para a valoração dos atributos de qualidade de lotes de tomate de preço máximo e mínimo, com utilização do gabarito visual mostrou ser uma boa ferramenta de gestão da competitividade e de diferenciação de valor
Abstract: The large variation in the value of tomato from the same variety group, same classification and on the same day of marketing, registered by the Terminal Market of the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo - CEAGESP, were related to the difference in quality between the attributes of those fruits. The main goal of this work was to create a tool for the evaluation of the quality attributes considered important for tomatoes and from the assessment of these attributes target the most relevants for the difference in value practiced during commercialization at CEAGESP. Firstly, based on the interview with the agents of commercialization of tomatoes at CEAGESP, the main attributes seen by them, which determines the quality of tomato were raised. Based on those answers, in a second stage, it was created a gauge visual quality assessment to be used as a differential tool in the process of decision making. In a third stage, the maximum and minimum price for three classifications (big, medium and minute) were raised for lots of tomato group Saladete, long life end red color marketed in the same day and their quality attributes were evaluated for two systems: system I the quality attributes were evaluated, based on banknotes of performance according to the loading gauge visual, and for system II - in addition to the assessment by notes according to the loading gauge visual, the frequency of occurrence of the attribute in a lot of tomato was measured. The attributes that determines the quality of tomato, according to the tomatoes commercialization agents from CEAGESP, are: size (type or size), fruit color, absence of defects, durability, packaging and flavor. It was observed that the average price difference for the three classifications raised in the days of the research was 115.3%. The prices variation was greater for tomatoes classified as small (196%), followed by medium (106%) and big (44%). It was concluded that, for the three classifications, the most important attributes to explain the variation of prices assessed by the system I are packaging that are suitable to be palletized (Box with external dimensions that allow piling in a pallet, 1,00 m 1,20 m, and with lateral holes to enable good air circulation) and packaging that provides an appropriate pile (perfect notch of packages, appropriate support of the produce e by the package, stack regular and steady of piles), on the other hand, for system II, these attributes are: fruit without superficial skin damage and adequate protection of the package against mechanical injuries. The evaluation of quality attributes of tomatoes through the use of visual gauge-assessment showed to be a very efficient tool allowing knowledge to the commercial agents of the more relevant features, and identifying those which need potential investments
Mestrado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Karighattam, Kavita Vasan. "Tomato malic enzyme (LeME2) promoter-controlled GUS expression in tomato and tobacco /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Simpson, Sean. "Oligosaccharide signaling in tomato." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298447.
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Hu, Bizhen. "Improved Tomato Grafting Technologies." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480568784958911.
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Booker, Bradley L. "No-Till Tomato Production." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/363.
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Tillage increases erosion rates and diminishes the quality of soils but has traditionally been a way to manage weeds and prepare a seedbed. No-till vegetable production can ameliorate the ill-effects of tillage in an economically effective way but has not been studied much in California. The objective of this thesis was to determine the viability of no-till vegetable cropping on the Central Coast of California. Tomatoes were grown in no-till and conventionally tilled treatments. Total yield, fruit weight, weed emergence, soil bulk density, soil aggregate stability, and soil organic carbon content were measured and compared. Yields and soil tests in both treatments were similar while weed emergence in the tilled plots was significantly higher than in no-till plots. The results may help vegetable producers determine how to make vegetable production on the Central Coast more sustainable.
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Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros 1973. "Aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate : avaliação de metodologia analitica e de ocorrencia." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254717.
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Orientador : Lucia Maria Valente SoaresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Um recente relato da presença de Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus em polpa de tomate industrializada brasileira motivou preocupações quanto a possível presença de micotoxinas em produtos de tomate nacionais. Aspergillus fIavus e Aspergillus parasiticus são conhecidos produtores de aflatoxinas, uma família de toxinas com propriedades hepatotóxicas, mutagênicas, teratogênicas e carcinogênicas. No presente trabalho foi adaptado e avaliado um método para determinação de aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate por cromatografia de camada delgada com detecção por comparação visual com padrões. Para verificar a possível contaminação de produtos de tomate comercializados com aflatoxinas foram analisadas 63 amostras de produtos de tomate (polpa, extrato, purê, catchup, tomate desidratado e tomate seco conservado em óleo) provenientes de 5 Estados e uma do exterior, compreendendo 29 marcas. A avaliação do método para determinação das aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate resultou em uma recuperação médía de 86%, para as quatro aflatoxinas, em dois níveis de adição. Os limites de detecção para as aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2 variaram entre 2 e 7 mg/Kg dependendo do tipo de produto. As aflatoxinas não foram detectadas em nenhuma das amostras analisadas
Abstract: A recent report on the presence of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in tomato pulp from a Brazilian plant caused concern about the possible presence of mycotoxins in tomato products from local plants. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are known producers of aflatoxins, a group of toxins with hepatotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. In the present work a thin layer chromatographic method with visual detection for the determination of aflatoxins in tomato products was adapted and evaluated. In order to verify a possible contamination of tomato products with aflatoxins, 63 samples of tomato products (pulp, paste, purée, catsup, dehydrated tomato and dried tomatoes in oil preserve) from 5 states and one from abroad, totaling 29 brands, were analyzed. The method evaluation showed an average recovery of 86%, for all four aflatoxins, at two levels of addition. The detection limits for the aflatoxins 81, 82, G1 e G2 ranged from 2 and 7 mg/Kg depending on the type of product. Aflatoxins were not detected in any of the samples analyzed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
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Delazari, Fábio Teixeira. "Produção e qualidade de frutos do tomateiro no sistema Viçosa de tutoramento em função do estado hídrico-nutricional." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3666.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-17Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The reason of this experiment was to evaluate the water rates irrigated and the fertilizer rates applied on the tomato plant, under the Viçosa ́s staking system, which aimed to obtain the highest yield for the fresh market, maximums on water use efficiency and on the quality of the fruits, and also getting better concentration on nutrients in the tomato leaves. The experiment was installed in two seasons July 2013 and January 2014, both in Viçosa/MG, on the field research center, from the Agronomy Department. The treatments for both experiments were four different water rates irrigated L1, L2, L3 and L4 regarding on 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the real irrigation required by the crop (IRN) and also, four different fertilizer rates D1, D2, D3 and D4 regarding on 50, 100, 150 and 200% from the fertilizer rate recommendation (5a . The variables evaluated were: commercial production (PC), total yield (PT), big fruits (PFG), medium (PFM) and small fruits (PFP); productivity by the plant (PP), water use efficiency (WUE), pH, soluble solids, titratable acidic, flavor, consistence, lycopene and nutrients concentration in the leaves. It was used the average results from the two experiments. It was concluded after getting the final results, that the highest PC, PT, PFG and PP of the tomato, were obtained with 331 mm of water rate irrigated and 150% of the fertilizer rate recommendation. The highest water use efficiency was obtained with 276 mm of water rate irrigated and 150% of the fertilizer rate. The highest lycopene concentration (85,32 μg g-1) was obtained with 331 mm of water rate irrigated and 200% of the fertilizer rate. The macronutrients concentration foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and B) for the highest crop yield were 58,5; 5,5; 29,5; 60,6; 6,3 e 7,7 g kg-1 for the macronutrients and 481,1; 39,4; 273,1; 784,6 e 61,8 mg kg-1 for the micronutrients. The macronutrients concentration foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and B) for the maximum water use efficiency were 36,1; 4,9; 24,0; 63,7; 6,8 e 10,0 g kg-1 for the macronutrients and 643,9; 42,3; 312,3; 809,8 e 56,5 mg kg-1 for the micronutrients.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar lâminas de irrigação e doses de adubação para o tomateiro cultivado no sistema Viçosa de tutoramento visando obter a máxima produtividade de frutos comerciais, eficiência no uso de água e qualidade de frutos e a melhor concentração de nutrientes na folha. O experimento foi instalado em duas épocas julho de 2013 e janeiro de 2014 em Viçosa/MG, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia. Os tratamentos para ambos os experimentos foram quatros lâminas de irrigação L1, L2, L3 e L4 correspondendo a 50, 100, 150 e 200% da irrigação real necessária (IRN) e quatro doses de adubação D1, D2, D3 e D4 correspondendo a 50, 100, 150 e 200% da recomendação (Approach 5th). As variáveis avaliadas foram: produtividade comercial (PC), total (PT), de frutos grandes (PFG), médios (PFM) e pequenos (PFP), produção por planta (PP), eficiência no uso da água (EUA), pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, sabor, firmeza, licopeno e concentração de nutrientes na folha. Trabalhou-se com os resultados médios dos dois experimentos. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que: As maiores PC, PT, PFG e PP de tomate foram obtidas com lâmina de irrigação de 331 mm e adubação de 150%. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi obtida com lâmina de irrigação de 276 mm e dose de adubação de 150%. O máximo teor de licopeno (85,32 μg g-1) foi obtido com a lâmina de 331 mm e dose de adubação de 200%. A concentração foliar de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu e B) para a máxima produtividade foram de 58,5; 5,5; 29,5; 60,6; 6,3 e 7,7 g kg-1 dos macronutrientes e 481,1; 39,4; 273,1; 784,6 e 61,8 mg kg-1 dos micronutrientes. A concentração foliar de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu e B) para a máxima eficiência no uso da água foram de 36,1; 4,9; 24,0; 63,7; 6,8 e 10,0 g kg-1 dos macronutrientes e 643,9; 42,3; 312,3; 809,8 e 56,5 mg kg-1 dos micronutrientes.
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How, Kit Alexandre. "Contrôle épigénétique du développement et de la qualité des fruits de tomate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13741/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’étude du contrôle de l’expression des gènes a été, au cours de ces dernières années, révolutionnée par la découverte des régulations épigénétiques. Parmi les différents acteurs participant à ces régulations se trouvent les protéines du groupe Polycomb (PcG). Ces protéines, initialement découvertes chez la drosophile, sont responsables de la mise en place et du maintien de "marques épigénétiques" au niveau de gènes cibles, qui sont alors réprimés. Les protéines PcG agissent sous forment de trois complexes dinstincts chez les animaux nommés PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1), PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2) et PhoRC (Pleiohomeotic Repressive Complex); le PRC2 possédant une activité histone méthyltransférase de type H3 K9/27. Chez les plantes, seules trois classes de protéines PcG sont retrouvées: la classe des Enhancer of zeste E(z), des Extra Sex Combs (ESC) et des Supressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12), formant le complexe PRC2. Leur rôle dans le développement des plantes a été mis en évidence chez Arabidopsis, au niveau du gamétophyte femelle et de la graine, du maintien de l’état végétatif, de l’identité florale et de la vernalisation. Cependant leur implication dans le développement du fruit reste inconnue. Mon travail a permis d'identifier et de caractériser deux gènes PcG de la classe des E(z) de tomate exprimés dans le fruit, nommés SlEZ1 et SlEZ2. Les proteines SlEZ1 et SlEZ2 présentent l’ensemble des domaines caractéristiques des protéines de cette classe et sont localisées dans les noyaux. Les expériences de double hybride révèlent que les protéines SlEZ1 et SlEZ2 sont capables de former des complexes de type PRC2 avec certaines autres protéines PcG de tomate (de type ESC et Su(z)12). Ceci suggère que SlEZ1 et SlEZ2 sont effectivement des protéines fonctionnelles. L’analyse de des profils d’expression des gènes SlEZ1 et SlEZ2 révèle une expression ubiquitaire dans la plante au niveau de l’appareil végétatif, de la fleur et dans le fruit. Cependant, dans la fleur, seul SlEZ1 présente une expression dans les étamines tandis que les ARNm de SlEZ2 sont présent de façon spécifique dans le tissu de transmission du style. Dans le fruit, SlEZ1 est exprimé de façon constante, tandis que SlEZ2 semble faiblement exprimé dans les fruits en cours de mûrissement. Afin d’identifier la fonction de SlEZ1 dans le développement du fruit, des plantes transgéniques sous-exprimant SlEZ1 de façon constitutive ont été générées. Elles présentent une morphologie altérée de la fleur: les étamines sont torsadées et ne forment pas de cône staminal fermé. De plus, une augmentation du nombre moyen de carpelles par fruit est observéeThe control of gene expression has been challenged by the discovery of epigenetic regulation. Among the different factors involved in epigenetic regulations, the Polycomb (PcG) proteins are known to repress gene expression by setting epigenetic marks. The PcG protein, initially discovered in drosophila, act together in three distinct complexes named PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1), PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2) and PhoRC (Pleiohomeotic Repressive Complex). PRC2 complexes methylate histone H3 on lysines K9/27. In plants, only three classes of PcG protein has been found: the Enhancer of zeste (E(z)) class, the Extra Sex Combs (ESC) class and the Supressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12) class, which belong to the PRC2. Their function in plant development has been brought to light in Arabidopsis thaliana. They control female gametophyte and seed development, maintain the vegetative development, and are involved in floral identity and vernalization. However, their function in fruit development is still unknown. My work was aimed to identify and characterize two PcG genes, named SlEZ1 and SlEZ2, encoding tomato E(z) class proteins. SlEZ1 and SlEZ2 proteins contain all the five E(z) characteristic domains and are both localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, as double-hybrid experiments reveal that both SlEZ1 and SlEZ2 proteins are able to form PRC2 complexes and interact with PcG proteins of other classes (ESC and Su(z)12 classes), it seems that these proteins are functional. Their expression profiles reveal ubiquitous expression during vegetative development (leaves, buds, stems) and reproductive development (flowers and fruits). However SlEZ1 is specifically expressed in the stamens whereas SlEZ2 shows specific expression in the transmitting tissue of the style. Moreover, their expression during fruit development shows some differences: if SlEZ1 expression is almost constant, SlEZ2 expression decreases during fruit development. In order to indentify SlEZ1 functions in fruit development, transgenic plants underexpressing constitutively SlEZ1 have been generated. These plants present altered flower morphology with twisted stamens and increased carpel number fruits
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Darrigues, Audrey. "Dissecting variation in tomato fruit color quality through digital phenotyping and genetic mapping." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1190125559.
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Díaz, de la Garza Rocío Isabel. "Folate engineering in tomato fruit." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0017287.
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Cooper, Michael. "Tangerines in a Tomato Patch." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/24.
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This thesis is comprised of a collection of short stories, most of which are set in southern, urban milieus. The fictional characters contained within deal in their own unique ways with the crises they face. Most of these sources of conflict arise from domestic complications. Six of the eight stories are written in the first person; the collection is voice-driven and concerned with the idiosyncratic points of views of the focal characters, and in this way borrows from the tradition of Southern fiction, which is in many cases laced with dark humor.
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D’Andrea, Lucio. "Molecular regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato fruits. New biotechnological strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393988.
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Los carotenoides son metabolitos isoprenoides de gran relevancia económica como pigmentos naturales y fitonutrientes. Durante la maduración del fruto de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) se acumulan niveles elevados de carotenoides como β-caroteno (naranja) y licopeno (rojo) en un tipo de plasto especializado denominado cromoplasto. En la maduración se pueden distinguir tres estadios según el color del fruto: Verde Maduro (VM), Naranja (N) y Rojo (R). La transición de VM a N y por último a R, se caracteriza por una fuerte inducción en la acumulación de los niveles de carotenoides y, por ende, la diferenciación de cloroplastos en cromoplastos.
La acumulación global de carotenoides depende de la actividad de enzimas biosintéticas como PSY. En el fruto de tomate, la actividad PSY procede fundamentalmente de la isoforma PSY1. Durante esta tesis se ha demostrado que el gen PSY1 es una diana directa de un factor de transcripción regulado por luz denominado PIF1a, que se une al promotor del gen para reprimir su expresión. En concordancia, frutos de tomate con niveles reducidos de PIF1a mostraron una mayor expresión de PSY1 y por tanto una mayor acumulación de carotenoides. Además, hemos establecido un mecanismo molecular basado en la regulación de la estabilidad por luz de PIF1a que permite ajustar la síntesis de carotenoides al estado real de maduración del fruto.
En la segunda parte de la tesis se ha explorado la relevancia del complejo de la Clp proteasa plastídica en la regulación de los niveles de proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo de carotenoides y en el almacenamiento de estos pigmentos en el fruto de tomate. La disminución de dicha actividad proteolítica mediante silenciamiento génico, generó frutos transgénicos enriquecidos en β-caroteno (pro-vitamina A). Más aún, la caracterización de dichos frutos mediante TEM y microscopía Raman sirvió como plataforma para establecer la importancia de dicho complejo proteolítico durante la diferenciación de cloroplastos en cromoplastos. Finalmente, estudios en el campo de la proteómica cuantitativa ayudaron a la elucidación de posibles nuevas proteínas diana de dicha proteasa, incluyendo PSY1.Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites of great economic importance as natural pigments and phytonutrients. Carotenoids such as lycopene (red) and β-carotene (orange) accumulate at high levels in a type of specialized plastid called chromoplast during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Three different ripening stages can be distinguished according to the color of the fruit: Mature Green (MG), Orange (O) and Red/Ripe (R). The transition from MG to O, and finally to R, is characterized by a strong induction in the levels of carotenoids and therefore, the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts. The global accumulation of carotenoids depends on the activity of biosynthetic enzymes such as PSY. In tomato fruit, PSY activity is mainly provided by the PSY1 isoform. During this thesis it has been demonstrated that the PSY1 gene is a direct target of a light-regulated transcriptional factor named PIF1a, which binds to the gene promoter to repress its expression. In agreement, tomato fruits with reduced levels of PIF1a show higher PSY1 transcript levels and hence an enhanced accumulation of carotenoids. Additionally, we have established a molecular mechanism based on the regulation of PIF1a photostability, that allos to adjust carotenoid biosynthesis to the actual fruit ripening stage. In the second part of the thesis we have explored the revelance of the plastidial Clp protease complex for the regulation of the turnover of proteins involved in carotenoid metabolism and storage in tomato fruit. Successful reduction of Clp protease activity using gene silencing approaches generated transgenic fruits enriched in β-carotene (pro-vitamin A). In addition, the characterization of these fruits by TEM and Raman imaging helped us to establish the relevance of this proteolytic complex for chromoplast development. Finally, quantitative proteomic studies served to elucidate potential Clp protease targets in chromoplasts, including PSY1.
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Brusca, James. "Inheritance of tomato late blight resistance from 'Richter's Wild Tomato' and evaluation of late blight resistance gene combinations in adapted fresh market tomato backgrounds." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06042003-073908/.
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Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a destructive disease of tomato worldwide. Originating in the highlands of central Mexico, through migration, mutation, and sexual recombination, this pathogen has proven mobile and highly variable. Three monogenic R genes (Ph-1, Ph-2, and Ph-3) for resistance to late blight have been identified in tomato. However, P. infestans isolates which overcome each of these individual R genes have been documented. The objectives of this research were to characterize the inheritance of late blight resistance in the home garden tomato 'Richter's Wild Tomato', to determine if this resistance is allelic to any of the three previously identified resistance sources, and to evaluate late blight resistance of R gene F1 hybrid combinations relative to individual R genes. 'Richter's Wild Tomato' was crossed with NC215E-1, a late blight susceptible fresh market breeding line, and evaluation of derived BC1F2, BC2F2, and BC3F1 populations indicated single gene inheritance of late blight resistance. Evaluation of an F2 population derived from the cross 'Richter's Wild Tomato' x 'Legend' (Ph-2) indicated that the monogenic resistance conferred by 'Richter's Wild Tomato' was allelic to Ph-2. Combinations of Ph-2, either from 'Richter's Wild Tomato' or 'Legend', and a fresh market line possessing Ph-3 displayed superior resistance versus individual R genes and other R gene combinations in North Carolina field trials under natural inoculation. Combined resistance has the potential to not only provide a superior level of resistance, but to also be more stable over time.
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Brown, J. K., and M. R. Nelson. "Transmission, Host Range and Virus-Vector Relationships of Chino del Tomate Virus (CdTV), a New Whitefly-transmitted Geminivirus of Tomato." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214160.
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The transmission properties, host range, and virus- vector relationships of chino del tomate virus (CdTV), a new whitefly-transmitted geminivirus of tomato, are described. The virus is transmitted by B. tabaci, the sweet potato whitefly, but not by seed or sap. The virus infects members of the Asclepiadaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae. In virus-vector studies, minimum AAF and IAF times were 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. The virus was retained by its whitefly vector for 4.5 and 7.3 days following 24- and 72-hr AAF respectively. Relative efficiencies of transmission for 1, 5, 10 and 20 B. tabaci were 15, 49, 84 and 100 percent, respectively. The chino del tomate (CdT), or leaf curl disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), was first reported in cultivated tomato fields in Sinaloa, Mexico in 1970-71 (4). Presently, it occurs in tomato production areas of the west coast of Sinaloa and may affect 100 percent of the plants in a field (1). The disease is characterized by curled and rolled leaves, thickened veins, a bright-to-subdued-yellow mosaic which varies with time of the year, stunting, and a reduced fruit set (1,3). Recently, a whitefly -transmitted geminivirus, CdT virus (CdTV), was implicated as the causal agent of the disease (1,3), but information concerning the biological nature of the virus is lacking. Here, we present the results of studies involving virus transmission, experimental host range, and virus -vector relationships.
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Guimarães, Leysimar Ribeiro Pitzr 1986. "Indução de resistência a Tomato severe rugose virus e Tomato chlorosis virus em tomateiro determinado /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134318.
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Orientador: Marcelo Agenor PavanCoorientador: Denise Nakada Nozaki
Banca: Renate Krause Sakate
Banca: Romulo Fujito Kobori
Banca: Tatiana Mituti
Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Resumo: Uma das principais causas da perda de produção do tomateiro ocorre devido à infecção precoce das plantas por vírus dos quais podemos destacar as espécies Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) e Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). O controle de vírus é muito difícil, e diversas táticas podem ser utilizadas pelo produtor, dos quais podemos citar o uso de produtos químicos que causam efeitos fisiológicos secundários. Nesta linha o presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da aplicação de Piraclostrobina+Metiran (Cabrio Top®) na produção e qualidade de frutos de tomate em plantas infectadas por ToSRV e ToCV, em diferentes fases fenológicas do ciclo da cultura. O ToSRV também foi quantificado por qPCR nestas plantas. Dois experimentos foram realizados paralelamente, onde um recebeu um pré-tratamento pela aplicação de Piraclostrobina+Metiram (P+M) (3 g. l -1) (BASF) ® + Boscalida (0,3 g. l -1) (BASF) ® na bandeja após a semeadura e no outro as mudas de tomateiro não receberam nenhum produto. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da inoculação do vírus por Bemisia tabaci biótipo B aos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 dias após o transplantio (DAT) com aplicação ou não de Piraclostrobina+Metiram (P + M) (4.0 g. l -1). O ToSRV foi detectado por RCA-PCR e qPCR e o ToCV por NESTED RT-PCR, além das caraterísticas de produção e qualidade de frutos terem sido avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que plantas ...
Abstract: The early infection of plants by viruses such as the species of Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the main causes of tomato yield loss. The virus control is very difficult and different approaches can be used by the growers against the viruses. The use of chemicals that cause secondary physiological effects is one example. Based on this information the present study evaluated the effect of applying Pyraclostrobin + Metiran (Cabrio Top®) on production and fruit quality of tomato plants infected by ToSRV and ToCV in different phenological phases of the crop cycle. The ToSRV was also quantified by qPCR in these plants. Two experiments were carried out in parallel, where one received a pretreatment by applying Pyraclostrobin + metiram (P + M) (3 g. L -1) (BASF) ® + Boscalida (0.3 g. L -1) (BASF ) ® in the tray after sowing and the other the tomato seedlings did not receive any product. The treatments consisted of virus inoculation by Bemisia tabaci biotype B at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 days after transplanting (DAT) with application or not of Pyraclostrobin + Metiram (P + M) (4.0 g. L -1). The ToSRV was detected by RCA-PCR and qPCR and ToCV by NESTED RT-PCR. In addition fruit production and quality characteristics were also evaluated. The results indicated that infected plants after 45 DAT are less affected by the infection of ToSRV and ToCV and application of P + M during the crop cycle brought benefits to the tomato, because production and fruit quality characteristics were less affected. Viral replication in ToSRV was negatively influenced by the application of P + M suggesting a possible involvement of plant resistance mechanisms to the virus induced by the product...
Doutor
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Guimarães, Leysimar Ribeiro Pitzr [UNESP]. "Indução de resistência a Tomato severe rugose virus e Tomato chlorosis virus em tomateiro determinado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134318.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Uma das principais causas da perda de produção do tomateiro ocorre devido à infecção precoce das plantas por vírus dos quais podemos destacar as espécies Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) e Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). O controle de vírus é muito difícil, e diversas táticas podem ser utilizadas pelo produtor, dos quais podemos citar o uso de produtos químicos que causam efeitos fisiológicos secundários. Nesta linha o presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da aplicação de Piraclostrobina+Metiran (Cabrio Top®) na produção e qualidade de frutos de tomate em plantas infectadas por ToSRV e ToCV, em diferentes fases fenológicas do ciclo da cultura. O ToSRV também foi quantificado por qPCR nestas plantas. Dois experimentos foram realizados paralelamente, onde um recebeu um pré-tratamento pela aplicação de Piraclostrobina+Metiram (P+M) (3 g. l -1) (BASF) ® + Boscalida (0,3 g. l -1) (BASF) ® na bandeja após a semeadura e no outro as mudas de tomateiro não receberam nenhum produto. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da inoculação do vírus por Bemisia tabaci biótipo B aos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 dias após o transplantio (DAT) com aplicação ou não de Piraclostrobina+Metiram (P + M) (4.0 g. l -1). O ToSRV foi detectado por RCA-PCR e qPCR e o ToCV por NESTED RT-PCR , além das caraterísticas de produção e qualidade de frutos terem sido avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que plantas infectadas após os 45 DAT são menos afetadas pela infecção de ToSRV e ToCV e a aplicação de P + M ao longo do ciclo da cultura trouxe benefícios ao tomateiro uma vez que características de produção e qualidade dos frutos foram menos afetadas. A replicação viral do ToSRV foi negativamente influenciada pela aplicação do P + M sugerindo um possível envolvimento de mecanismos de resistência da planta ao vírus induzidos pelo produto.
The early infection of plants by viruses such as the species of Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the main causes of tomato yield loss. The virus control is very difficult and different approaches can be used by the growers against the viruses. The use of chemicals that cause secondary physiological effects is one example. Based on this information the present study evaluated the effect of applying Pyraclostrobin + Metiran (Cabrio Top®) on production and fruit quality of tomato plants infected by ToSRV and ToCV in different phenological phases of the crop cycle. The ToSRV was also quantified by qPCR in these plants. Two experiments were carried out in parallel, where one received a pretreatment by applying Pyraclostrobin + metiram (P + M) (3 g. L -1) (BASF) ® + Boscalida (0.3 g. L -1) (BASF ) ® in the tray after sowing and the other the tomato seedlings did not receive any product. The treatments consisted of virus inoculation by Bemisia tabaci biotype B at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 days after transplanting (DAT) with application or not of Pyraclostrobin + Metiram (P + M) (4.0 g. L -1). The ToSRV was detected by RCA-PCR and qPCR and ToCV by NESTED RT-PCR. In addition fruit production and quality characteristics were also evaluated. The results indicated that infected plants after 45 DAT are less affected by the infection of ToSRV and ToCV and application of P + M during the crop cycle brought benefits to the tomato, because production and fruit quality characteristics were less affected. Viral replication in ToSRV was negatively influenced by the application of P + M suggesting a possible involvement of plant resistance mechanisms to the virus induced by the product.
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Turkoglu, Selda St. "Screening Of Tomato Seeds For Genetic Modification And Identification Of Genetically Modified Ripening Delayed Tomato Seeds." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608510/index.pdf.
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Tomato has been genetically modified for providing properties such as insect-resistance or delayed-ripening. Tomato seeds purchased from several bazaars and markets were screened for the presence of genetic modification by targeting NptII kanamycin resistance, Nos terminator, and 35S promoter gene regions which are the most commonly transformed gene regions in transgenic plants, and then ripening-delayed tomato seeds were tried to be identified in this study. F type truncated-PG gene and Sam-k gene were selected as the indicator of genetically modified ripening delayed tomatoes. DNAs of 25 seed samples were isolated by CTAB method and examined with several primer pairs, and the primer sets that provided consistent results were selected to conduct routine testing by PCR analysis of the samples. In screening analysis via conventional PCR, 4 samples were amplified with 35S, Nos and NptII primer sets. Among other samples, 3 of them were amplified with 35S and Nos primer sets and 2 of them were amplified only with 35S primer set. The amplification was observed with Nos, NptII and Sam-k primers in one sample and this sample was identified as 35 1 N, since the sequence result of the PCR product amplified with Sam-k primers showed high homology with the Samase gene of T3 Coliphage. F type truncated PG gene was not observed in any
of the samples.
Although this study demonstrates the presence of commonly used gene regions in genetically modified tomatoes, further analysis of the genetically modified ripening delayed tomato seeds via construct specificor event specific PCR techniques is needed for confirmation.
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Haigh, Anthony Mark. "Why do tomato seeds prime?: physiological investigations into the control of tomato seed germination and priming." Australia : Macquarie University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/35668.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of Biological Sciences, 1988.Bibliography: leaves 112-121.
General introduction to seed priming -- Water relations of tomato seed germination -- Water relations to tomato seeds during priming -- Water relations of germinating primed tomato seeds -- Histological study of tomato seed germination and priming -- Endosperm weakening during germination and priming of tomato seeds -- General discussion -- References.
It is the aim of this thesis to examine hypotheses regarding the prevention of radicle emergence during priming and of the enhancement of germination following priming. This work should identify the control sites in the processes of radicle emergence and their modification during priming. -- For the most part these hypotheses are underlain by an analysis of germination as a special case of plant cell expansion. A study of cell expansion requires an understanding of the water relations of the tissues involved. Therefore, the sequence of events during the germination of tomato seeds was first examined through a water relations study then the changes caused by priming were examined. -- The study of the water relations of germinating tomato seeds revealed that the seeds came into Ψ equilibrium with the imbibitional solution, whereas, the embryo was measured at much lower Ψ. There was no evidence of a lowering of embryo Ψπ nor of an increase in embryo Ψp prior to radicle emergence. The embryo Ψ measurements need to be interpreted with caution for they are ex situ measurements and thus do not directly measure these properties in the seed. It is unlikely that a large ΔΨ could be maintained within the seed during imbibition. Thus the existence of a large seed to embryo Ψp can be inferred from these measurements. The moisture release isotherm of the excised embryo confirmed this inference. The endosperm tissue enclosing the embryo was found to restrict the hydration level of the embryo prior to its emergence. As the embryo was capable of expansive growth prior to radicle emergence, it was concluded that the weakening of the endosperm controlled radicle emergence in tomato seeds. -- During priming the tomato seeds were in Ψ equilibrium with the priming solution, but the embryo was not. As the embryo was capable of growth after 2 days of the 6 day priming treatment, it was concluded that radicle emergence was prevented by the maintenance of the endosperm restraint. Germinating primed seeds did not display a marked plateau during imbibition. Both seed and embryo water contents were higher than those of non-primed seeds. However, embryo Ψ and Ψπ were lower than those of embryos from non-primed seeds, eventhough embryo Ψπ measurements during priming had not revealed significant lowering. The relative growth rate of seedlings from primed seeds was higher than that of non-primed seeds for the first 12 h after radicle emergence.
The endosperm of tomato seeds consisted of two distinct cell types found in separate locations within the seed. At the micropylar end of the seed the endosperm cells had thin walls, whereas those in the rest of the seed had thickened walls. The outer walls of outermost endosperm cells in the rest of the seed had massively thickened walls whereas these were lacking from the outer cells of the micropylar region. -- All cells, except those of the root cap, contained protein bodies. The protein bodies of the micropylar region endosperm cells were seen to breakdown to form vacuoles prior to radicle emergence. The protein bodies in other cells did not appear to change prior to this time. During priming protein body breakdown was more extensive in the micropylar region endosperm cells and vacuole formation also occurred in the radicle. After radicle emergence the cells of the radicles from primed seeds were found to be about 50% larger than those of the radicles from non-primed seeds. -- Endosperm weakening preceded radicle emergence in tomato seeds. Slower germinating seeds within the population had higher values for endosperm resistance. Endosperm weakening during priming resulted in values for endosperm resistance which were lower than those measured from a population of germinating non-primed seeds. Germinating primed seeds had resistances which were similar to those of priming seeds. It was concluded that a final rapid endosperm weakening step may be necessary for radicle emergence to occur. -- These studies have shown that tomato seeds prime because the endosperm does not weaken sufficiently to permit expansion of the radicle. The mechanism by which some endosperm weakening was permitted, but the final weakening for radicle emergence was prevented was not identifiable. Priming advanced the timing of radicle emergence by improving the rate of water uptake by the seeds; by eliminating the time necessary for the loosening of embryo cell walls and by permitting the completion of the first step of the endosperm weakening process. Enbryos from primed seeds had improved cell wall extensibilities which permitted higher relative growth rates during the first 12 h after radicle emergence.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 121 leaves, 4 leaves of plates ill
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Egashira, Hiroaki. "Studies on Utilization of the Wild Tomato Species,Lycopersicon peruvianum(L.)Mill.and L.chilense Dum.for Tomato Breeding." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78109.
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Yaniga, Bradley S. "Mitigation of the Tomato Lye Peeling Process." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=toledo1180634446.
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Thesis (M.S.Ch.E.)--University of Toledo, 2007.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science in Chemical Engineering. " Bibliography: leaves 134-142.
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Fischer, Iris. "Molecular evolution in wild tomato species." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140506.
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Beddows, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Hybridization and Wild Tomato / Thomas Beddows." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114319165X/34.
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Cookson, Philip James. "Studies on plastid division in tomato." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405020.
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Tudor, Hannah Rachael. "Characterisation of a spliced tomato microRNA." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578250.
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MicroRNAs are short single stranded RNA molecules derived from longer precursors with a hairpin like structure. MiRNAs are taken up into a complex, which can then target mRNA for degradation. Mi.RNAs have been shown to play a role in plant development and stress responses. A novel tomato miRNA has been discovered in our group before I started my project. The secondary structure of the miRNA is unusual as it contains a 600nt intron which is spliced out. We discovered that the miRNA is differentially expressed within the leaves exhibiting a wave like pattern from the base of the leaf to the tip. There are similarities of the expression of this miRNA to sink-to-source transition suggesting that this miRNA may have a role in development from young leaves to mature leaves. The expression of this miRNA is highly increased when the tomato plant is grown in light conditions, and the longer un-spliced version of this miRNA is accumulated at a higher level in plants grown in dark conditions. Therefore we concluded that light controls the splicing of this miRNA. Furthermore looking at the wave-like expression of the miRNA within the leaves and the changes in expression with plants grown in light and dark conditions, it seems plausible that the miRNA is involved in the sink-to-source transition of leaves. Following this hypothesis several constructs of the miRNA have been produced which will be transformed into tomato to test this hypothesis. The discovery of this miRNA and the study of it so far have revealed many avenues of possible investigation. This miRNA seems to be integrally involved in plant growth and development. Further study would show how this miRNA functions in the plant, which may shed light on sink-to-source transition.
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Brown, Stephen. "Transgene mediated gene silencing in tomato." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339677.
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Carter, Dawn. "Selection of cold tolerant tomato genotypes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280445.
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Sardsud, V. "Epidemiology of Pseudomonas diseases of tomato." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354222.
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Pearce, Bruce Denholm. "The control of tomato fruit growth." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317201.
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Deery, Sarah Jane. "Monitoring rhizosphere microbial communities of tomato." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12759/.
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Tomato is an economically important crop that can be devastated by many root infecting pathogens. The development of alternative and sustainable crop cultivation techniques and disease control methods is a must for the tomato industry, due to more strict government regulations and concerns over the sustainability of conventional chemical-intensive agriculture (Dixon and Margerison, 2009). In this thesis, the molecular fingerprinting method Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and next generation sequencing method (pyrosequencing) were used, targeting ITS1, ITS2 and 23S ribosomal DNA to characterize and examine microbial community assemblages in the rhizosphere of tomato. These molecular techniques were employed alongside traditional cultivation, microscopy and plant health assessment techniques to determine the effects of growth media, plant age and disease control methods on rhizosphere microbial populations and tomato root health. Plant age and media were found to significantly affect microbial community assemblages; conversely, microbial populations were not altered by soil amendments or rootstock disease control measures used. These findings suggest that the factors influencing rhizosphere community structure can be ranked by importance. Furthermore, if the most influential factors are kept consistent then rhizosphere microbial structures are robust and difficult to perturb with changes in a factor contributing less control over microbial community composition. No direct link between crop health assessments and rhizosphere microbial community diversity or presence of root pathogens could be established. Furthermore, high abundance of potential pathogens and poor crop health assessments during the growing season did not always result in poor health or disease symptoms at the end of cropping assessment in our trials. These results imply that many factors control the rhizosphere competence and ecological role of different species, ultimately affecting the outcome of disease. As no known methods are capable of efficiently assessing the fate of total microorganisms in the rhizosphere over time and space, this study could be considered as part the ‘descriptive phase’ in this field (Kent and Triplett, 2002). Pyrosequencing increased the resolution and confidence of rDNA analysis compared to T-RFLP, identifying organism within samples to a genus and often species level. Advances in next generation sequencing and analytical tools and pipelines associated with this analysis are likely to develop as these methods become common practice. With this in mind, next generation sequencing represents the future approach for resolving complex microbial communities in environmental samples.
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Yasuhara, Kazunari. "Development of trichomes in tomato plants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611849.
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Hawari, Aliah H. "Metabolic modelling of tomato fruit ripening." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5e98a25-cdfa-4371-8d08-e6305c61f517.
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Tomatoes are the fourth most valuable commodity in agriculture after rice, wheat and soybeans globally with 151 million tonnes of fruit being produced in 2012. The tomato fruit is also a model system for fleshy fruit development. During ethylene-regulated fruit ripening there are complex changes in fruit chemical composition due to degradation and synthesis of a number of soluble and volatile metabolites. Ultimately, these changes control the composition of the ripe fruit and dictate its flavour and texture. It is known that ripening can proceed when mature green fruit are removed from the plant (and indeed this is standard commercial practice) but the extent to which metabolic changes are sustained when fruit are ripened in this way has yet to be established. A modelling approach such as constraints-based modelling can provide system-level insights into the workings of the complex tomato metabolic network during ripening. The first aim of this thesis was therefore to construct a genome-scale metabolic network model for tomato and to use this model to explore metabolic network flux distributions during the transitions between the stages of fruit ripening. The flux distributions predicted provided insight into the production and usage of energy and reductants, into routes for climacteric CO2 release, and the metabolic routes underlying metabolite conversions during ripening. The second aim of this thesis was to use the model to explore metabolic engineering strategies for increased production of lycopene in tomato fruit. The model predictions showed that rearrangement of dominant metabolic fluxes were required to cope with the increased demand for reductants at high lycopene accumulation, which came at a cost of a lower accumulation of other secondary metabolites. Overall the thesis provides an approach to connect underlying metabolic mechanisms to the known metabolic processes that happen during ripening.
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Beddows, Thomas Ian [Verfasser]. "Hybridization and Wild Tomato / Thomas Beddows." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114319165X/34.
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McGinley, Susan. "New Tomato Virus Identified in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295900.
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Belouah, Isma. "Integrative study of the proteome throughout tomato fruit development." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0952/document.
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La tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) [...] présente de nombreux avantages : facilité de culture, temps de génération court, connaissances et ressources importantes, génome séquencé, facilité de transformation... Le développement du fruit est un procédé complexe hautement régulé et divisible en quatre étapes principales : la division cellulaire, l'expansion cellulaire, l’étape appelé « turning » et la maturation. Chaque étape est associée à un phénotype, qui lui-même découle de changements à différents niveaux cellulaires. [...]. Grâce aux récents progrès technologiques et en particulier au développement des «techniques omiques», comme la génomique, la transcriptomique, la protéomique, la métabolomique, les principaux composants cellulaires peuvent désormais être étudiés à haut densité. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de mon doctorat était d'effectuer une analyse protéomique quantitative du développement du fruit de tomate puis d’intégrer les données «omiques» à la fois par des analyses statistiques et par la modélisation mathématique. Le premier chapitre rapporte les résultats de quantification du protéome de fruit de tomate réalisé en collaboration avec la plateforme PAPPSO (INRA, Gif-sur-Yvette). Des échantillons collectés à neuf stades de développement du fruit de tomate ont été extraits et le protéome quantifié, en absence de marquage, par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (LC-MS/MS). Ensuite, j'ai cherché la méthode la plus adaptée, testant un ensemble de filtres sur les données, pour obtenir une quantification précise des protéines à partir des intensités ioniques (XIC). Au total, j’ai pu obtenir la quantification absolue de 2494 protéines en utilisant une méthode basée sur la modélisation de l'intensité des peptides. [...] Le deuxième chapitre est consacré aux résultats obtenus par analyses combinées d’«omiques» au cours du développement du fruit de tomate. La transcriptomique a été réalisée en collaboration avec Genotoul GeT (Toulouse) et le groupe Usadel (RWTH Aachen University, Allemagne). Grâce à l’ajout d’étalons internes, plus de 20000 transcrits ont été quantifiés de manière absolue à chacune des neuf étapes de développement. Cette quantification a ensuite été validée par comparaison avec des données de concentration de 71 transcrits précédemment obtenues par PCR quantitative. Enfin, nous avons cherché à intégrer les quatre niveaux de données - transcriptome, protéome, métabolome et activome- afin d‘identifier les principales variables associées au développement. Pour ces quatre niveaux, les analyses ont confirmé que l’entrée en maturation s’accompagne de changements majeurs et révélé une grande similarité entre la fin et le début du développement, notamment au niveau du métabolisme énergétique. Le troisième chapitre porte sur les résultats de modélisation de la traduction protéique obtenus grâce à la quantification absolue du transcriptome et du protéome. Afin d’expliquer la corrélation décroissante observée au cours du développement entre les concentrations en protéines et celles des transcrits correspondants, nous avons résolu un modèle mathématique de la traduction protéique basé sur une équation différentielle ordinaire et impliquant deux constantes de vitesse: pour la synthèse et la dégradation de la protéine. La résolution de cette équation, validée par un critère de qualité basé un intervalle de confiance fermé, a conduit à l'estimation de ces constantes pour plus de 1000 protéines. [...] Enfin le dernier chapitre décrit l’ensemble du matériel et des méthodes utilisées pour obtenir les différents résultats présentés dans le manuscrit. Dans le domaine de la biologie des systèmes, ce travail illustre comment l'intégration de multiples données «omiques» et la modélisation mécanistique basée sur la quantification absolue des «omiques» peut révéler de nouvelles propriétés des composants cellulairesThe interest of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has spread in plant science where it is used as the model for fleshy fruit. The valuable advantages of the tomato fruit are numerous: an ease of culture, a short generation time, a high knowledge with important resources, a sequenced genome, an ease for transforming…. The development of tomato fruit is a complex regulated process, divided in four main steps: cell division, cell expansion, turning and ripening. Each step is characterized by a phenotype resulting from changes at different cellular levels. Thus, gene expression, protein abundance, enzyme activities, metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentrations show significant changes during these steps. Thanks to recent technologies advances and in particular the development of ‘omics techniques’, such as genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, the main cell components can now be analysed by high-throughput. In this context, the objective of my PhD was to perform a quantitative proteomic analysis of the tomato fruit development and then integrate omics data both by statistical analyses and by mathematical modelling. The first chapter focused on results obtained for the quantitative proteomic developed in collaboration with the PAPPSO platform (INRA, Gif-sur-Yvette). Samples were harvested at nine stages of tomato fruit development, total proteome was extracted and quantified by label-free LC-MS/MS. Then I searched for the most appropriate method, testing a set of filters on the data, to obtain an absolute label-free protein quantification from ion intensities (XIC). Finally, I obtained the absolute quantification of 2494 proteins using a method based on peptides intensity modelling. The quantification of proteins by LC-MS/MS was then validated by comparison with 32 enzymatic capacities used as proxy for protein abundance. The second chapter was dedicated to the results of integrative omics analyses throughout tomato fruit development. First, transcriptomic has been performed in collaboration with Genotoul GeT (Toulouse) and Usadel‘lab (RWTH Aachen University, Germany). Using spikes in the experimental design, more than 20000 transcripts have been quantitatively determined at the nine stages of development. Then, this absolute quantification of the tomato transcriptome has been cross-validated with 71 transcripts previously measured by qRT-PCR. Finally, we integrated the four omics datasets- transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and activome – in order to identify key variables of the tomato fruit development. For the four levels, analyses confirmed that the entrance in maturation phase was accompanied by major changes, and revealed a great similarity between the end and the beginning of development, especially in the energy metabolism. The third chapter focuses on modelling results of the protein translation based on the absolute quantification of transcriptomic and proteomic. To explain the decreasing correlation observed between proteins and transcripts concentration throughout development, we proposed a mathematical model of protein translation based on an ordinary differential equation and involving two rate constants (for synthesis and degradation of the protein). The resolution of this equation, validated by a quality criteria based on a closed confidence interval, led to the estimation of the rate constants for more than 1000 proteins. These results were then compared with previous published data reported for plants and more widely in eukaryotic cells. Finally, the last chapter describes all the materials and methods used to obtain the results presented in the manuscript.In the systems biology context, this work illustrates how integration of multiple omics datasets and mechanistic modelling based on absolute omics quantification can reveal new properties of cellular component
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FREITAS, Luiz Amâncio de. "Processo de secagem para produção de tomates secos aromatizados." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1087.
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A industrialização do tomate é importante não apenas por evitar perdas mas também por impedir uma oferta excessiva do fruto no período da safra, levando a desvalorização do produto, além de permitir agregação de valor com o fornecimento de produtos processados. Neste contexto, estudos sobre novas formas de processamento do tomate são interessantes e entre as diversas possibilidades a desidratação osmótica seguida de secagem representa excelente alternativa. Utilizaram-se tomates maduros, pré-tratados em solução de NaCl com sacarose, com três concentrações (3, 6 e 9%Nacl) e submetidos a secagem em estufa com circulação de ar, em três temperaturas (50, 60 e 70 °C). Os dados foram tratados segundo os modelos de Page; Henderson e Pabis e Cavalcanti Mata. Realizou-se a caracterização físico- química dos tomates ("in natura") e após cada etapa do processo. Os dados das análises físico- químicas foram tratados de acordo com o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado após a desidratação osmótica e esquema fatorial após a secagem, com três repetições para cada tratamento. Para essas análises utilizou-se o programa Assistat 7.0, versão Beta, e com os produtos elaborados, realizou-se a análise sensorial, através de escala hedônica de 9 pontos, avaliando-se os atributos aparência, cor, aroma e sabor e se aplicando teste de aceitação. Os dados foram interpretados por meio da análise de esquema fatorial e as médias dos tratamentos comparadas, aplicando-se o teste de Tukey. Desta pesquisa, as principais conclusões foram: a maior concentração de NaCl e a maior temperatura de secagem favoreceram a maior remoção da água na desidratação osmótica e secagem, respectivamente; para a mesma temperatura de secagem a concentração de NaCl e a substância aromática não exerceram influência sobre o tempo de secagem para obtenção do tomate seco; o modelo de Cavalcanti Mata representa melhor os dados experimentais de secagem, com o menores DQMs e maiores R2; pH dos tomates não apresentou uma variação substancial entre os tratamentos que obtiveram valores como do alecrim e do manjericão que foi maiores que 4,10, em todo o processo, para a obtenção do produto; ocorre uma diminuição da acidez à medida em que diminui o teor de água e aumenta a concentração do sal dos tomates; tomates após desidratação osmótica ganham sólidos solúveis em todos os tratamentos; após a secagem ocorre uma concentração desses nutrientes; em seguida, o aumento da concentração de sal aumentou a perda no teor de água em todos os tratamentos; o pH aumentou com o tratamento de alecrim e com as concentrações de sal 6 e 9%; o ganho maior de sólidos solúveis se deu no tratamento com alecrim e com temperatura de 60°C; com o índice de aceitabilidade para o tratamento com alecrim, nos fatores concentração de sal e temperatura de secagem para os atributos aparência, cor, aroma e sabor, todas as médias foram significativas.
The industrialization of the tomato is not only important to avoid losses, but also prevent an oversupply of the fruit at harvest time, leading to devaluation of the product, and allows adding value to the supply of processed products. In this context, studies of new forms of processing tomatoes are interesting, and among the various possibilities, the osmotic dehydration and drying is an excellent alternative. We used ripe tomatoes, pre-treated in a solution of NaCl with sucrose, with three concentrations (3, 6 and 9% NaCl) and subjected to drying in an oven with air circulation at three temperatures (50, 60 and 70 ° C). The data were treated according to the models of Page, Henderson and Pabis and Cavalcanti Mata. We calculated the physical and chemical characteristics of tomatoes ("fresh") and, after each step of the process. The data of physical and chemical analysis were treated according to completely randomized design after osmotic dehydration and after drying a factorial design with three replications for each treatment. For this analysis we used the program Assistat 7.0, Beta. With products developed, held on sensory analysis, using 9-point hedonic scale, assessing the attributes appearance, color, aroma and flavor and applying acceptance test. The data were interpreted using a factorial analysis and treatment means compared by applying the Tukey test. In this research, the main conclusions were: a higher concentration of NaCl and higher drying temperature favored a higher removal of water in osmotic dehydration and drying, respectively, for the same drying temperature and NaCl concentration of aromatic substance did not exert influence on the time drying to obtain dried tomatoes, and the model of Cavalcanti Mata best represents the experimental data of drying, with the smaller and larger DQMs R2 ; pH of tomatoes did not show a substantial variation among the treatments where the obtained values 6 e 9% as rosemary and basil was greater than 4.10 throughout the process to obtain the product, a decrease of acidity to the extent that the water content decreases and increases the salt concentration of tomatoes, tomatoes after osmotic dehydration soluble solids gain in ali treatments, after drying, there is a concentration of these nutrients, after drying the increased concentration of salt increased the loss in water content in ali treatments, pH increased with treatment with rosemary and salt concentrations and 6 e 9%, the highest soluble solids gain took place in the treatment with rosemary and a temperature of 60 ° C, the index of acceptability for the treatment factors with rosemary salt concentration and drying temperature for the attributes appearance, color, aroma and taste ali the means were significant.
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Bressy, Fernanda Costa. "Determinação de micromutrientes em amostras de tomates por tecnicas espectroanaliticas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10810.
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FAPESB
A cultura do tomate tem ocupado lugar de destaque em todo mundo. O aumento na produtividade da hortaliça provocou um aumento na utilização de insumos agroquímicos, fazendo-se necessário o monitoramento de elementos essenciais e elementos potencialmente contaminantes. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações de elementos essenciais e elementos potencialmente contaminantes em tomates das espécies caqui, itália e cereja, em cultivos convencional e orgânico, em fase inicial e final de maturação. As amostras foram coletadas em vários estabelecimentos da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil visando avaliar as diferenças nas concentrações entre os estágios de maturação, tipo de cultivo e espécie, no fruto inteiro e em suas partes (casca, polpa e semente). Os elementos estudados foram Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V e Zn. Após otimização do procedimento de preparo, as amostras foram submetidas à digestão em forno de micro-ondas com cavidade, usando a mistura de 3,5 mL de ácido nítrico concentrado destilado, 3,5 mL de água ultra pura e 1,0 mL de peróxido de hidrogênio. Para determinação dos elementos foram empregadas as técnicas espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível comparar a concentração dos elementos estudados nos estágios de maturação, cultivo e espécies dos tomates analisados. Quanto ao estágio de maturação, os tomates em estágio final de maturação apresentaram maiores valores de concentração para a maioria dos elementos medidos, nas três espécies estudadas. Na comparação quanto ao tipo de cultivo, as amostras provenientes do manejo orgânico apresentaram maiores valores de micronutrientes e menores de elementos com potencial contaminante quando em comparação com as amostras de tomates oriundas de cultivo convencional. Em relação às diferentes espécies estudadas, observou-se que as amostras de tomate contribuem significativamente para a ingestão diária recomendada de Cr, Cu e Mn, sendo a espécie caqui a que mais contribui para a ingestão de Cu, a itália de Cr e a cereja de Mn. As concentrações dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos, encontradas para as amostras das três espécies de tomate, estão abaixo dos teores regulamentados pela ANVISA. Palavras-Chave: toma
Salvador
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Bian, Wanping. "The chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition in tomato fruit." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0111/document.
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L'un des phénomènes les plus importants survenus pendant la maturation du fruit de tomate est le changement de couleur du vert au rouge. Ce changement a lieu dans les plastes et correspond à la différenciation des plastes photosynthétiques, les chloroplastes, en plastes non-photosynthétiques qui accumulent des caroténoïdes, les chromoplastes. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons d'abord une introduction bibliographique sur le domaine de la transition chloroplaste-chromoplaste, en décrivant les modifications structurales et physiologiques qui se produisent pendant la transition. Puis, dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons des observations microscopiques de plastes isolés à trois stades de mûrissement, puis des enregistrements en temps réel de la fluorescence des pigments sur les tranches de fruits de tomate. Il a été possible de montrer que la transition chloroplaste-chromoplaste était synchrone pour tous les plastes d'une seule cellule et que tous les chromoplastes proviennent de chloroplastes préexistants. Dans le deuxième chapitre, une approche protéomique quantitative de la transition chloroplaste-chromoplaste est présentée, pour identifier les protéines différentiellement exprimées. Le traitement des données a identifié 1932 protéines parmi lesquelles 1529 ont été quantifiées par spectrométrie de masse. Les procédures de quantification ont ensuite été validées par WESTERN blot de certaines protéines. La chromoplastogénèse comprend les changements métaboliques suivants : diminution de l'abondance des protéines de réaction à la lumière et du métabolisme des glucide, et l'augmentation de la biosynthèse des terpénoïdes et des protéines de stress. Ces changements sont couplés à la rupture de la biogenèse des thylakoïdes, des photosystèmes et des composants de production d'énergie, et l'arrêt de la division des plastes. Dans le dernier chapitre nous avons utilisé la lincomycine, un inhibiteur spécifique de la traduction à l'intérieur des plastes, afin d'étudier les effets sur la maturation des fruits et sur l'expression de gènes nucléaires impliqués dans la maturation. Les résultats préliminaires indiquent que l'inhibition de la traduction des protéines dans les plastes affecte la maturation du fruit en réduisant l'accumulation de caroténoides. L'expression de plusieurs gènes nucléaires a été modifiée mais une relation claire avec le phénotype altéré de maturation n'a pas pu être établie. Au total, notre travail donne de nouveaux aperçus sur le processus de différenciation chromoplaste et fournit des données nouvelles ressources sur le protéome plasteOne of the most important phenomenons occurring during tomato fruit ripening is the color change from green to red. This change takes place in the plastids and corresponds to the differentiation of photosynthetic plastids, chloroplasts, into non photosynthetic plastids that accumulate carotenoids, chromoplasts. In this thesis we first present a bibliographic introduction reviewing the state of the art in the field of chloroplast to chromoplast transition and describing the structural and physiological changes occurring during the transition. Then, in the first chapter we present an in situ real-time recording of pigment fluorescence on live tomato fruit slices at three ripening stages. By viewing individual plastids it was possible to show that the chloroplast to chromoplast transition was synchronous for all plastids of a single cell and that all chromoplasts derived from pre-existing chloroplasts. In chapter two, a quantitative proteomic approach of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition is presented that identifies differentially expressed proteins. Stringent curation and processing of the data identified 1932 proteins among which 1529 were quantified by spectral counting. The quantification procedures have been subsequently validated by immune-blot evaluation of some proteins. Chromoplastogenesis appears to comprise major metabolic shifts (decrease in abundance of proteins of light reactions and carbohydrate metabolism and increase in terpenoid biosynthesis and stress-related protein) that are coupled to the disruption of the thylakoid and photosystems biogenesis machinery, elevated energy production components and loss of plastid division machinery. In the last chapter, we have used lincomycin, a specific inhibitor of protein translation within the plastids, in order to study the effects on fruit ripening and on the expression of some ripening-related nuclear genes. Preliminary results indicate that inhibiting protein translation in the plastids affects fruit ripening by reducing the accumulation of carotenoids. The expression of several nuclear genes has been affected but a clear relationship with the altered ripening phenotype could not be established. Altogether, our work gives new insights on the chromoplast differentiation process and provides novel resource data on the plastid proteome
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PENON, ANTONELLA, and ANTONIO GIORDANO. "BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CORBARINO TOMATO LIPOPHILIC EXTRACT AND ITS PROCESSED FORM ON COLORECTAL CANCER CELL LINES AND RELATED MOLECULAR PATHWAY INVOLVED." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1009543.
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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the Western world. Most of the colon tumors are sporadic and develop somatically in epithelial cells. Apart from genetic factors, nutritional factors can markedly affect tumor development. In particular, while a high intake of red meat and animal fat is considered key points predisposing to colorectal cancer development, epidemiological studies often observed an inverse correlation between tomato and tomato product (sauce, paste) consumption and colon cancer risk. Tomato antioxidant bioactive molecules such as carotenoids and polyphenols could be responsible, at least in part, for the healthy effect. Here we analyzed the effect of total lipophilic extracts of a Southern Italy tomato variety, Corbarino and its processed form, Corbarino sauce, on two in vitro model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, Colo–320 and SW-480, characterized by different aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis of a role for this variety of tomato in the inhibition of some features involved in the neoplastic advancement. The treatment with tomato extracts affected cancer cell ability to grow both in adherence and in semisolid medium, reducing also cell migration ability as highlighted after 24 hrs and more relevant results were gained after 72 hrs of incubation. Moreover, the most effective results were obtained with Corbarino sauce extract. No toxic effects were observed on non-tumoral cells, Human Skin Fibroblasts (HSFs). The observed inhibition of cancer cell growth and aggressiveness is associated with a negative regulation of cell cycle progression as pointed out by the increased expression levels of pRb/p105, p107 and pRb2/p130 while p21-Cip1 and p27-Kip1 expression levels decreased. The extent of antineoplastic effects, furthermore, seem to be correlated with the antioxidant activity of the two tomatoes form. Our data indicate that Corbarino tomato and its processed form intake might be further considered as nutritional support not only in cancer prevention, but also for cancer patient diet
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Rogers, Sean Angus. "In vitro selection of tomatoes for tolerance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb, are tomato retrotransposons involved?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/NQ55637.pdf.
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Croxton, Scott David Foshee Wheeler G. "Visual miscuing of thrips to reduce the incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus in tomatoes." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Thesis/Croxton_Scott_38.pdf.
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Mitchell, Muriel. "Effect of whey protein fortification on selected quality characteristics of some formulated tomato-whey beverages /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143147454.
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Ghebremariam, Tsedal Tseggai. "Yield and quality response of tomato and hot pepper to pruning." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02082006-125505.
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Julián, Rodríguez Olga. "Exploitation of Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum in tomato breeding for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl disease." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36867.
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Among viral diseases affecting cultivated tomato, Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating. This disease is caused by a complex of viruses of which Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is regarded as the most important species. Current control strategies to fight viral diseases in tomato are mainly based on genetic resistance derived from wild relatives. In the present thesis, resistance derived from S. chilense and S. peruvianum has been exploited in breeding for resistance to TYLCD. In a previous study, TYLCV-resistant breeding lines derived from LA1932, LA1960 and LA1971 S. chilense accessions were developed. Therefore, the first objective of this thesis was to study the genetic control of the resistance derived from these accessions. With this aim, response to viral infection was assayed in segregating generations derived from the aforementioned resistant lines. The results obtained were compatible with a monogenic control of resistance. Resistance levels were higher in LA1960- and LA1971-derived F2 generations, as shown by slighter symptoms in the resistant plants and a higher number of asymptomatic plants compared with the results obtained in the LA1932-derived F2 generation. It is noteworthy that the level of resistance present in our materials is comparable to or even higher than the levels found in tomato lines homozygous for Ty-1. The response in plants heterozygous for the resistance gene was comparable to the response in homozygous plants for all three sources employed. This implies that the resistance genes derived from all three sources seem to be almost completely dominant. This effect was stronger for LA1971-derived resistance. The results were similar when comparing viral accumulation, as was expected, since a positive correlation was found in these families between viral accumulation and symptom scores. This has important implications in breeding, since the resistance will be used mostly for hybrid development.
Our second objective was to map the loci associated with the major resistance genes identified. A total of 263 markers were screened, 94 of them being polymorphic between both species. Recombinant analysis allowed the resistance loci to be localized on chromosome 6, in a marker interval of 25 cM. This interval includes the Ty-1/Ty-3 region, where two S. chilense-derived TYLCD resistance loci were previously mapped. In order to test if the resistance genes identified in our populations were allelic to Ty-1 and Ty-3, further fine mapping was carried out. A total of 13 additional molecular markers distributed on chromosome 6 allowed 66 recombinants to be identified, and the resistance region to be shortened to a marker interval of approximately 950 kb, which overlaps with the Ty-1/Ty-3 region described previously by other authors. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that closely linked genes or alleles of the same gene govern TYLCV resistance in several S. chilense accessions.
The third objective of the present thesis was to start the construction of a set of introgression lines (ILs) derived from Solanum peruvianum accession PI 126944 into the cultivated tomato genetic background. Once this collection of ILs is developed, it will represent a powerful tool for exploiting the resistance to different pathogens found in this particular accession in addition to other possible characters of interest. The starting plant material consisted of several segregating generations that were derived from two interspecific hybrids previously obtained by our group. Many crosses and embryo rescue were required to obtain subsequent generations due to the high sexual incompatibility that exists between tomato and PI 126944. Several mature fruits from the most advanced generations produced a few viable seeds, although embryo rescue was also employed to obtain progeny. As only a few plants were obtained by direct backcrossing, additional crosses were made in order to increase the number of descendants. A high degree of incompatibility was also found in crosses between sib plants. A total of 263 molecular markers were tested in some generations, 105 being polymorphic between tomato and PI 126944. Available generations were genotyped with these polymorphic markers in order to determine which alleles of S. peruvianum were already introgressed. On average, 79, 78 and 84 % of the S. peruvianum genome was represented in the pseudo-F2, pseudo-F4 and pseudo-F5 generations, respectively, for the markers analyzed. A reduction in the S. peruvianum genome was observed in more advanced generations, such as BC1 (56 %), pseudo-F2-BC1 (60 %) and pseudo-F3-BC1 (70 %). A greater reduction was observed in the pseudo-F3-BC2 generation (33 %). As a consequence of the reduction in the S. peruvianum genome, a loss of incompatibility was observed in some cases. The S. peruvianum genome was almost completely represented among the different plants of the most advanced generations. An evaluation for resistance to TYLCD and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was carried out in some of the advanced generations, some of which were resistant to one or both viruses.
In conclusion, we have conducted a successful and deeper exploitation of two wild species with proved resistance to TYLCD, S. chilense and S. peruvianum, identifying and fine mapping new genes of resistance.Julián Rodríguez, O. (2014). Exploitation of Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum in tomato breeding for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl disease [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36867
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Maluta, Nathalie Kristine Prado. "Respostas biológicas e comportamentais de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) a plantas de tomate infectadas com Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) e Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) e atividades estiletares associadas à inoc." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-09082017-100910/.
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Vários fitovírus são capazes de influenciar o comportamento e desenvolvimento biológico de seus insetos vetores de modo a favorecer sua disseminação entre plantas hospedeiras, mas pouco se sabe a respeito dos efeitos de infecções virais sobre moscas-brancas Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), uma vez que se trata de um complexo de espécies, que transmite vírus de diferentes gêneros com distintos modos de transmissão. Considerando-se a importância de B. tabaci como praga e vetora e o grande prejuízo causado a diversos cultivos devido à transmissão de fitovírus, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a) Investigar a preferência para pouso e o comportamento arrestante de B. tabaci MEAM 1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) em plantas de tomate não infectadas e infectadas com o crinivírus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) transmitido de modo semipersistente, e o begomovírus persistente-circulativo, Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV); b) Avaliar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de ToCV sobre o desempenho biológico de B. tabaci MEAM 1 c) Comparar o comportamento alimentar de adultos não-virulíferos de B. tabaci MEAM 1 em plantas de tomate não infectadas e infectadas com ToCV ou ToSRV, utilizando-se a técnica de Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG); d) Correlacionar as atividades estiletares de B. tabaci MED (Mediterranean) com a inoculação de ToCV em tomateiro. Verificou-se que plantas infectadas com ToCV não exercem atração sobre B. tabaci MEAM 1; há efeito direto quando o inseto está virulífero; no entanto, este efeito não parece favorecer a disseminação de ToCV. Já ToSRV exerce efeito direto que favorece sua disseminação, pois insetos virulíferos são mais atraídos por plantas não infectadas. A mosca-branca exibe comportamento arrestante em plantas de tomate sadias, e tende a deixar plantas infectadas com ToCV ou ToSRV, sugerindo que tais vírus reduzem a qualidade nutricional da planta hospedeira. Em relação ao desenvolvimento biológico do inseto, observou-se efeito direto de ToCV apenas de alongamento da duração do primeiro ínstar ninfal, e efeito indireto negativo sobre a viabilidade da fase ninfal, pois apenas 32% das ninfas eclodidas chegaram à fase adulta em plantas infectadas, contrastando com 77% em plantas não infectadas. Nos ensaios de EPG, verificou-se que a infecção de plantas de tomate por ToCV ou ToSRV não influenciou o comportamento alimentar do vetor de modo a favorecer a transmissão desses vírus, pois afetou apenas parâmetros não relacionados às atividades floemáticas. A transmissão de ToCV está principalmente associada à salivação nos elementos de floema (forma de onda E1) (52,2% de plantas infectadas), mas pode ocorrer com baixa frequência antes de E1 (3,5%). Entretanto, há maior eficiência de transmissão quando os indivíduos realizam vários episódios de E1+E2 (ingestão de seiva nos vasos do floema). Os dados obtidos na presente tese ajudam a esclarecer um pouco mais as complexas relações entre B. tabaci e diferentes fitovírus, e como as respostas comportamentais podem variar em função do modo de transmissão.Several phytoviruses are capable of influencing the behavior and biological development of their insect vectors in order to promote their spread among host plants, but information about the effects of viral infections on whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) is not available, since it is a species complex, which transmits vírus belonging to different genus with distinct transmission modes. Considering B. tabaci importance as a pest and a vector and the great damage caused to several crops due to the transmission of phytovirus, the present work had as objectives: a) To investigate the preference for landing and the arrestant behavior of B. tabaci MEAM 1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) in non-infected and infected tomato plants with semi-persistent crinivirus, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and the persistent-circulative begomovirus, Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV); b) To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of ToCV on the biological performance of B. tabaci MEAM 1 c) To compare the feeding behavior of non-viruliferous B. tabaci MEAM 1 in non-infected and ToCV or ToSRV-infected tomato plants using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique; d) Correlate the stylets activities of B. tabaci MED (Mediterranean) with the inoculation of ToCV in tomato. It has been found that ToCV-infected plants do not exert an attraction on B. tabaci MEAM 1; there is a direct effect when the insect is viruliferous, however, this effect does not seem to favor the spread of ToCV. ToSRV has a direct effect that favors its dissemination, as viruliferous insects are more attracted to non-infected plants. The whitefly exhibits an arrestment behavior on non-infected plants, and tends to leave plants infected by ToCV or ToSRV, suggesting that such viruses reduce the nutritional quality of the host plant. In relation to the biological development, we observed a direct effect of ToCV only on the first ninfal instar, and a negative indirect effect on nymphal viability, since only 32% of the initial individuals reached adulthood in ToCV-infected plants contrasting with 77% in non-infected plants. In the EPG tests, it was verified that the infection of tomato plants by ToCV or ToSRV did not influence the feeding behavior of the vector in order to favor the transmission of these viruses, since it affected only parameters not related to the phloem. The transmission of ToCV is mainly associated to salivation in the phloem elements (waveform E1) (52,2% of infected plants), but may occur in a low proportion before E1 (3,5%). However, there is a greater efficiency of transmission when individuals perform several episodes of E1 + E2 (phloem sieve elements). The data obtained in this thesis help to clarify a little more about the complex relationships between B.tabaci and different phytovirus, and how the behavioral responses may vary depending on the mode of transmission.
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Zhao, Jiantao. "Combining Association and Haplotype Studies Towards the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Tomato Multiple haplotype-based analyses provide genetic and evolutionary insights into tomato fruit weight and composition Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies provides insights into genetic control of tomato flavor Genomic designing for climate smart tomato." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0712.
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Les consommateurs se plaignent de la qualité gustative des tomates depuis des décennies. Celle-ci est influencée principalement par les sucres, les acides et un ensemble de divers composés volatils. L’amélioration de la saveur de la tomate reste l’un des principaux défis à relever pour améliorer la qualité de la tomate et l’acceptabilité des consommateurs pour l’amélioration moderne des tomates. Le but principal de cette thèse était de disséquer le contrôle génétique de la saveur de la tomate en utilisant des SNP à haute densité et un ensemble divers de traits liés à la saveur, notamment les sucres, les acides, les acides aminés et les composés volatils. Dans la première partie, j'ai effectué plusieurs analyses basées sur l’exploration des haplotypes dans une collection d’accessions. Plusieurs approches ont été utilisées et comparées pour identifier les régions génomiques en cours de sélection. Les modèles bayésiens de génétique d’association basés sur les haplotypes et une partie des SNP ont identifié 108 associations significatives pour 26 caractères. Parmi ces associations, certains gènes candidats prometteurs ont été identifiés. Certains avantages de l’utilisation des haplotypes ont également été présentés. Dans la deuxième partie, j'ai réalisé une méta-analyse d'études d'association pangénomique à l'aide de trois panels d'associations de tomates. J'ai démontré l'efficacité de l'imputation des génotypes pour augmenter la couverture de SNP à l'échelle du génome. Des méta-analyses de modèles à effets fixes et à effets aléatoires (pour les SNP présentant une hétérogénéité I2 > 25) ont été effectuées afin de contrôler l'hétérogénéité croisée des études. Au total, 305 locus significatifs ont été identifiés, dont 211 nouveaux. Parmi ceux-ci, 24 locus ont présenté des cis-eQTL lors d'une précédente étude d'association à l'échelle du transcriptome de fruits. L'analyse d'enrichissement pour toutes les associations a montré que jusqu'à 10 processus biologiques étaient enrichis de manière significative et que tous étaient étroitement impliqués dans les métabolites liés aux arômes. Une liste de gènes candidats prometteurs a été fournie, qui pourraient présenter un grand intérêt pour la validation fonctionnelle. J'ai également démontré la possibilité d'augmenter de manière significative le contenu en composés volatils qui contribuent de manière positive aux préférences des consommateurs tout en réduisant les volatils désagréables, en sélectionnant les combinaisons d'allèles pertinentes. Globalement, cette thèse augmente les connaissances du contrôle génétique du goût de la tomate, ce qui devrait contribuer à son améliorationConsumers have been complaining about tomato flavor for decades. Tomato taste is mainly influenced by sugars, acids and a diverse set of volatiles. Improving tomato flavor remains one of the main challenges for improving tomato sensory quality and consumer acceptability in modern tomato breeding. The main purpose of this thesis was to decipher the genetic and evolutionary control of tomato flavor by using high density SNPs and a diverse set of flavor-related metabolites, including sugars, acids, amino acids and volatiles. In the first part, I performed multiple haplotype-based analyses on a tomato core collection. Several approaches were used and compared to identify the genomic regions under selection. Haplotype and SNP-based Bayesian models identified 108 significant associations for 26 traits. Among these associations, some promising candidate genes were identified. I also compared marker local haplotype sharing (mLHS) with LD in determining the candidate regions. In addition, some general benefits of using haplotypes were also provided as general discussions. In the second part, I pioneered in introducing meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies using three tomato association panels. I demonstrated the efficiency of genotype imputation in increasing the genome-wide SNP coverage. Both fixed-effect and random-effect models (for those SNPs with heterogeneity I2 > 25) of meta-analysis were performed in order to control cross-study heterogeneity. A total of 305 significant loci were identified and 211 of which were new. Among them, 24 loci exhibited cis-eQTLs in a previous transcriptome-wide association study in fruit tissue. Enrichment analysis for all associations showed that up to 10 biological processes were significantly enriched and all of which were closely involved in flavor-related metabolites. A list of promising candidate genes was provided, which could be of great interest for functional validation. I also demonstrated the possibility to significantly increase the content of volatiles that positively contribute to consumer preferences while reducing unpleasant volatiles, by selection of the relevant allele combinations. Taken together, this thesis provides a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic control of tomato flavor, which will promote its improvement