Academic literature on the topic 'Tomato shoot'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Tomato shoot.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Bhowmik, Prasanta C., and Krishna N. Reddy. "Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Weed Science 36, no. 6 (November 1988): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075810.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.
2
Schneider, Michael, Lucia Vedder, Benedict Chijioke Oyiga, Boby Mathew, Heiko Schoof, Jens Léon, and Ali Ahmad Naz. "Transcriptome profiling of barley and tomato shoot and root meristems unravels physiological variations underlying photoperiodic sensitivity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): e0265981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265981.
Full textAbstract:
The average sowing date of crops in temperate climate zones has been shifted forwards by several days, resulting in a changed photoperiod regime at the emergence stage. In the present study, we performed a global transcriptome profiling of plant development genes in the seedling stage of root and shoot apical meristems of a photoperiod-sensitive species (barley) and a photoperiod insensitive species (tomato) in short-day conditions (8h). Variant expression indicated differences in physiological development under this short day-length regime between species and tissues. The barley tissue transcriptome revealed reduced differentiation compared to tomato. In addition, decreased photosynthetic activity was observed in barley transcriptome and leaf chlorophyll content under 8h conditions, indicating a slower physiological development of shoot meristems than in tomatoes. The photomorphogenesis controlling cryptochrome gene cry1, with an effect on physiological differentiation, showed an underexpression in barley compared to tomato shoot meristems. This might lead to a cascade of suspended sink-source activities, which ultimately delay organ development and differentiation in barley shoot meristems under short photoperiods.
3
Eguchi, Tomomi, and Chieri Kubota. "Cotyledonary Axillary Shoot Control by Fatty Alcohol Application for Grafting Tomato." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (August 2015): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.569.
Full textAbstract:
In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), grafting position is recommended to be below rootstock cotyledons to avoid undesirable axillary shoots growing out from the cotyledons. In contrast, grafting above the rootstock cotyledons is desired to assure adequate distance between grafted union and soil line, only if there is no potential grow-out of axillary shoots from rootstock cotyledons. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine fatty alcohol application on cotyledonary axils of tomato seedlings to control undesirable axillary shoot extension from rootstock in tomato grafting. Solution containing various concentrations of a commercial fatty alcohol compound was applied to different growing stages of cotyledonary axillary shoots (nonextended buds or extended shoots) of tomato seedlings grown in a greenhouse. When fatty alcohol was applied directly to cotyledonary axillary buds, the seedlings were then pinched to force-induce the axillary shoot extension to assure the efficacy of the fatty alcohol treatment. High concentrations (10% and 15%) of fatty alcohol suppressed incidence of axillary shoot extension to less than 7% by killing buds. However, when applied to extended axillary shoots, application with 2% or higher concentrations of fatty alcohol caused plant collapse because excess fatty alcohol flowed down the stem and presumably damaged the root system. Therefore, we concluded that application of fatty alcohol to control cotyledonary axillary shoots of tomato rootstock could be possible only if fatty alcohol at effective concentration (10% to 15%) is applied exclusively to the target buds.
4
Lee, Myoung Hui, Jiyoung Lee, Eun Yee Jie, Seung Hee Choi, Lingmin Jiang, Woo Seok Ahn, Cha Young Kim, and Suk Weon Kim. "Temporal and Spatial Expression Analysis of Shoot-Regeneration Regulatory Genes during the Adventitious Shoot Formation in Hypocotyl and Cotyledon Explants of Tomato (CV. Micro-Tom)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 5309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155309.
Full textAbstract:
Enhancing the competence for plant regeneration in tissue culture studies is an important issue not only for efficient genetic transformation of commercial crops but also for the reproducibility of scientific reports. In this study, we investigated optimization of several tissue culture conditions including plant growth regulators, types and ages of explants, culture densities, and plant position in order to improve the competence of adventitious shoot formation of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). In addition, we examined the differential expression of D-type cyclin (CYCD3-1) and several shoot regeneration regulatory genes from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of tomato during shoot organogenesis. A treatment of 1 mg L−1 Zeatin and 0.1 mg L−1 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3% sucrose was optimal for adventitious shoot formation from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. The younger explants exhibited more shoot formation regardless of explant types. Additionally, those closest to the shoot apical meristem produced more shoots compared to the other regions in the hypocotyl and the cotyledon explants. Gene expression of CYCD3-1, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), and cytokinin dependent WUSCHEL (WUS) was significantly higher in younger explants than in older ones. Furthermore, an increase in CYCD3-1, STM, and WUS expression was evident at the distal part of hypocotyls and the proximal part of cotyledons compared to other regions. These differential gene expression profiles exhibited good agreement with the results of shoot formation obtained from diverse explants of tomato. These results suggest that temporal and spatial gene expression of shoot regeneration regulatory genes plays an important role in enhancing the competence and the reproducibility of adventitious shoot formation from tomato explants.
5
MASSON, JEAN, ANDRÉ GOSSELIN, and NICOLAS TREMBLAY. "EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-148.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling
6
Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, and Edward E. Gbur. "Effect of Turnip Soil Amendment and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Densities on Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato." Weed Technology 26, no. 2 (June 2012): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00110.1.
Full textAbstract:
Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective method of controlling nutsedges, but because of ozone depletion, the phase-out of methyl bromide has complicated nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and other vegetable crops. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family produce glucosinolates, which upon tissue decomposition generate biocidal isothiocyanates and therefore can be used as a biological alternative for yellow nutsedge control. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment with ‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop on the interference of yellow nutsedge planted at 0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched tomato production. There was no advantage of soil amendment with Seventop on reducing yellow nutsedge interference in polyethylene-mulched tomato. Regardless of soil amendment, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production at least 1.7, 1.6, and 1.6 times, respectively. As a result, tomato canopy width, shoot dry weight, and marketable yield decreased with increasing initial tuber densities. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on tomato height. Relative to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge at 50 and 100 tubers m−2reduced marketable yield of tomato up to 32 and 49%, respectively. Shading of the middle and lower portion of tomato plants by yellow nutsedge shoots could be the major factor for reducing tomato growth and yield in weedy plots. It is concluded that soil amendment with Seventop turnip is not a viable option for reducing yellow nutsedge interference at 50 and 100 tuber m−2in polyethylene-mulched tomato.
7
Morales-Payan, Jose P., Bielinski M. Santos, William M. Stall, and Thomas A. Bewick. "Effects of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield." Weed Technology 11, no. 4 (December 1997): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00043232.
Full textAbstract:
Additive series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of season-long interference of different initial population densities of purple nutsedge on the shoot dry weight and fruit yield of tomato and bell pepper. Purple nutsedge densities up to 200 plants/m2linearly reduced shoot dry weight at flowering and fruit yield of both crops as weed density increased. Both variables were directly correlated, and for each percentage unit of tomato shoot dry weight loss at flowering, fruit yield was reduced 1.24 units, whereas for bell pepper this relationship was 1 to 2.01. Total shoot and tuber biomass of purple nutsedge increased as density increased. The presence of either crop caused a decline in the total shoot dry weight accumulation of purple nutsedge, with tomato producing a higher degree of loss than bell pepper to the weed. Fruit yield losses due to purple nutsedge interference reached 44% for tomato and 32% for bell pepper.
8
Evans, Michael R. "Processed Poultry Feather Fiber as an Alternative to Peat in Greenhouse Crops Substrates." HortTechnology 14, no. 2 (January 2004): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.2.0176.
Full textAbstract:
Plant growth was evaluated in substrates containing varying proportions of processed poultry feather fiber (feather fiber). `Cooler Blush' vinca (Catharanthus roseus) and `Orbit Cardinal' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) dry shoot and dry root weights were not significantly different among plants grown in sphagnum-peat-based and perlite-based substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. `Pineapple Queen' coleus (Coleus blumei) dry shoot weights were not significantly different among plants grown in substrates containing 0% to 50% feather fiber. Coleus dry root weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 40% feather fiber. `Better Boy' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) dry shoot weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. Tomato dry root weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber, but tomato grown in substrates containing 40% to 60% feather fiber had significantly lower dry root weights than tomato grown in substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. `Salad Bush' cucumber (Cucumis sativus) dry shoot and dry root weights were not significantly different between plants grown in 0% to 50% feather fiber, but those gown in substrates containing 60% feather fiber had significantly lower dry shoot weights than those grown in substrates containing 0% feather fiber. Dry shoot and root weights of coleus and tomato grown in SB-300 substrate amended with 20% or 30% feather fiber were not significantly different from coleus and tomato grown in SB-300 without feather fiber. Dry shoot and dry root weights of coleus and tomato were significantly lower for plants grown in SB-300 amended with 40% feather fiber than for plants grown in SB-300 without feather fiber. For all species tested, plants grown in substrates containing up to 30% feather fiber were not significantly different from those grown in substrates containing 0% feather fiber and were of marketable qualities.
9
Vallad, Gary E., and Bielinski M. Santos. "Influence of Shoot Pruning on Bacterial Spot Infestation on Tomato Cultivars." HortTechnology 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.847.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted in Florida to determine the effect of early shoot pruning on the severity of bacterial spot, and on the growth and yield of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. Two tomato cultivars, two inoculation regimes of bacterial spot pathogen (Xanthomonas perforans), and three shoot pruning programs were arranged in a split-split plot design. The tomato cultivars were Tygress and Security-28; shoot pruning included none, light, and heavy; and X. perforans treatments consisted of non-inoculated plots and plots inoculated with a suspension of the pathogen. Tomato plant height was not influenced by any of the three factors or their interactions, whereas the disease severity was higher in inoculated plots versus non-inoculated plants. Early extra-large fruit weight was affected by tomato cultivars and the inoculation with the bacterial spot pathogen, but not by pruning programs or the interaction among factors. Tomato plants inoculated with X. perforans reduced their extra-large fruit weight by 31% in comparison with non-inoculated plants. There were no differences on early marketable fruit weight among the combinations of each cultivar and the three pruning programs. All three factors individually influenced the seasonal marketable fruit weight of tomato, with no difference between light-pruned plants and the non-pruned control for seasonal marketable fruit weight, regardless of tomato cultivars. However, heavy pruning did reduce seasonal yields by 10% in comparison with the non-pruned control. These results indicated that light shoot pruning, which is the standard grower practice in Florida, did not improve bacterial spot control or tomato yields of total and extra-large marketable fruit, which might save up to $50/acre in reduced labor costs for Florida tomato growers.
10
Tezuka, Takahiro, Masashi Harada, Masahumi Johkan, Satoshi Yamasaki, Hideyuki Tanaka, and Masayuki Oda. "Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on In Vivo Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Decapitated Tomato Plants." HortScience 46, no. 12 (December 2011): 1661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.12.1661.
Full textAbstract:
Adventitious shoots can be regenerated from the cut surface of the primary shoot and lateral branches in decapitated plants in vivo. This inherent regenerative ability of plants is useful for mass propagation. In the present study, we conducted histological observations of shoot regeneration and applied auxin and cytokinin to decapitated seedlings in four tomato cultivars. The cultivars produced different numbers of adventitious shoots after decapitation; ‘Petit’ produced the largest number of adventitious shoots (78.5 ± 10.2) and ‘Momotaro’ produced the fewest (12.1 ± 3.3). Histological observation of ‘Petit’ revealed that adventitious shoots regenerated from calli formed at the cut surface of stems. Adventitious shoot formation was inhibited by the presence of lateral branches. Shoot regeneration was prevented by application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid to ‘Petit’. Application of 6-benzyladenine promoted shoot regeneration in ‘Momotaro’. These results suggest auxin synthesized de novo from the lateral branches inhibited shoot regeneration after decapitation and endogenous cytokinin might stimulate shoot regeneration. Chemical names: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 6-benzyladenine (BA)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Thorne, Eleanor Tanene. "The influence of accumulated ABA on shoot growth of water-stressed tomato /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074448.
Full text
2
Notini, Marcela Morato. "Understanding hormonal and temporal factors associated with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom) acquisition of competence: key concepts for in vitro shoot regeneration." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-07032018-132615/.
Full textAbstract:
Plant regeneration through de novo organogenesis is a critical step in most of the plant micropropagation and genetic transformation procedures. In the last years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying de novo organogenesis in the worldwide crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the hormonal and molecular factors involving the acquisition of competence for tomato shoot formation, an essential step for the regeneration process, are still not known. The failure in acquire competence can be the reason for the widely described absence of shoot regeneration from tomato root explants. In the first chapter, we conducted a temporal and hormonal characterization of the tomato acquisition of competence and the shoot induction phases using the model system cv. Micro-Tom. Regeneration was improved by pre-incubation on root-inducing medium (RIM) during the early two days in culture, a period corresponding to acquisition of competence step in cotyledon explants. Conversely, the pre-incubation on another auxin-rich condition, the callus-inducing medium (CIM), under the same period, abolished the regeneration achievement. The 2d RIM pre-treatment induced an extensive and intense endogenous auxin response in the explant, probably improving the cells competence to produce shoots under further cytokinin induction on shoot-inducing medium (SIM). This knowledge was applied to improve the Agrobacterium-mediated tomato genetic transformation procedure, leading to an efficient, simple, inexpensive and genotype-independent protocol. In the second chapter, we developed an unprecedented method for tomato shoot regeneration from root explants. The shoot organogenesis was obtained by adjusting the CIM pre-treatment to the acquisition of competence period, corresponding to the initial four days in culture for root explants. The number and quality of shoots formed were also augmented by the optimization of explants properties, medium components, and culture conditions. Taken the two chapters together, the knowledge obtained about organogenic competence advanced and created new regeneration and genetic transformation systems, which are very useful tools for biotechnology and functional studies of specific genes in tomato.A regeneração de plantas através da organogênese de novo é uma fase crítica para a maioria dos procedimentos de micropropagação e transformação genética. Recentemente, progressos significativos tem sido alcançados no entendimento dos mecanismos fundamentais à organogênese de novo de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum). Entretanto, fatores hormonais e moleculares envolvidos na aquisição de competência para formação de gemas caulinares na espécie, etapa essencial ao processo de regeneração, permancece desconhecido. O fracasso em adquirir competência pode ser associado a amplamente descrita incapacidade de tomateiro em regenerar brotos caulinares a partir de raízes. No primeiro capítulo, realizou-se uma caracterização temporal e hormonal das fases de aquisição de competência e indução de gemas caulinares usando a cultivar modelo Micro-Tom. A eficiência de regeneração foi melhorada através de pré-incubação em meio indutor de raízes (RIM) durante os dois primeiros dias de cultivo, período correspondente à fase de aquisição de competência em explantes cotiledonares. Diferentemente, a pré-incubação em outro meio rico em auxina, o meio indutor de calo (CIM), sob mesmo intervalo, aboliu completamente a regeneração. A pré-incubação de dois dias em RIM induziu uma intensa e extensa resposta a auxina endógena no explante, o que provavelmente aumentou a competência das células a induzir brotos caulinares em resposta a citocinina presente no meio indutor de gemas caulinares (SIM). A aplicação desse conhecimento na melhoria do procedimento de transformação genética via Agrobacteria levou a um eficiente, simples, barato e genótipo-independente protocolo. No segundo capítulo, nós desenvolvemos um método inédito de regeneração de tomateiro via explante radicular. A formação de brotos caulinares foi obtida por ajuste do pré-tratamento em CIM ao período de aquisição de competência, correspondente a quatro dias de cultivo em explantes radiculares. O número e qualidade dos brotos também foram elevados pela otimização do explante, composição do meio de cultivo, e condições de cultivo. Somando-se os dois capítulos, o conhecimento obtido a cerca da competência organogênica resultou em novos sistemas de regeneração e transformação genética, ferramentas importantes para processos biotecnológicos e estudos funcionais de genes específicos em tomateiro.
3
Cooney, Terrence Patrick. "Studies on the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in tomato shoots." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2071.
Full textAbstract:
The relative contributions of the three main intermediates of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis from L-tryptophan (L-Trp); indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA), tryptamine (TNH2) and indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOX), were investigated in vivo in tomato shoots. Initially, L-Trp, D-Trp, IPyA, TNH2 and IAA were purified from shoots, identified by full-scan mass spectrometry and their concentrations measured using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. High specific activity [5-3H]IAOX and [5-3H]IPyA were synthesized from L-[5-3H]Trp and used as internal standards. Purification of endogenous IPyA was enabled by forming a stable pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivative in the crude plant extract. The respective endogenous concentrations of L-Trp, D-Trp, TNH2, IPyA and IAA were found to be 2,520, 103, 146.3, 5.9 and 8.5 ng g-1 f. wt. However, IAOX could not be identified as a natural constituent of tomato shoots by full-scan GC-MS. Secondly, incubation of tomato shoots for 6, 10 and 21 h in 30% 2H2O was used as a means of labelling IAA and its putative precursors in vivo. L-Trp, D-Trp, TNH2, IPyA and IAA were then extracted and purified and the 2H content measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These indole compounds were labelled rapidly with up to four 2H atoms. Direct comparison of the number and the amount of 2H atoms incorporated (pattern) was obtained from the mass spectral data on the common m/z 130 ion and its isotope peaks. IAA and L-Trp demonstrated an increase in 2H label with up to 17% and 21% of their molecules labelled at 10 h respectively. This was followed by a significant decrease in 2H label at 21 h to 12% for both L-Trp and IAA. This decrease in 2H label was attributed to an increase in protein catabolism, following shoot excision, resulting in the dilution of free L-Trp pool(s) with unlabelled L-Trp from which IAA is biosynthesized. This is reflected in the observed 1.6 to 1.8 fold increase of free L-Trp from 10 to 21 h. In contrast, tryptamine demonstrated a continual increase in 2H label with an average of 8, 20 and 28% of the molecules labelled at 6, 10 and 21 h respectively, suggesting that TNH2 and IAA were synthesized from separate Trp pools. In addition, the relatively slow rate at which 2H is incorporated into tryptamine would not be sufficient to account for the rate at which IAA becomes labelled. However, IPyA demonstrated a rapid increase in 2H with 22% and 37% of its molecules labelled at 6 and 10 h respectively. From the rate at which IPyA was labelled with 2H and the concentration of IPyA in tomato shoots a rate of synthesis for IPyA in tomato shoots was estimated which was sufficient to provide most of the shoot IAA requirements. Furthermore, the extent to which IAA and IPyA were labelled relative to that of total L-Trp would imply that a smaller more rapidly metabolised pool(s) of L-Trp was the precursor of these compounds. The rate and extent that D-Trp was labelled was consistently less than that of IAA precluding it as a possible precursor of IAA. These results indicate that in tomato shoots IAA is biosynthesized from a rapidly metabolized sub-pool(s) of L-trptophan predominantly via IPyA.
4
Orellana, Vintimilla Diego Patricio. "Short-term Effect of Fertilization and the Long-term Effect of Soil Organic Management History and its Relationship to Above-ground Insect Suppression." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483699208567652.
Full text
5
Silva, Katiane Santiago [UNESP]. "Uso de paclobutrazol em tomateiro cultivado em dois ambientes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106222.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2008-12-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_ks_dr_ilha.pdf: 1832156 bytes, checksum: ff271562795294657eaa5ee4bd4117fd (MD5)O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150 mg L-1) de paclobutrazol (PBZ) na produção de mudas, no crescimento, desenvolvimento de plantas, na produção e na qualidade físico-química de dois híbridos de tomateiro (Jennifer e AF 7631), em campo aberto e em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de abril a outubro de 2007, na UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo. O PBZ foi aplicado às mudas, aos 15 dias após a germinação. Para avaliação das mudas, foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com 4 repetições e 10 plântulas por parcela. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento e produtividade dos híbridos após transplante, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com análise para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo, com 4 blocos por ambiente e 9 plantas por parcela. O uso de concentrações crescentes de paclobutrazol reduziu a taxa de crescimento e a altura de plantas, aumentou o diâmetro da haste, reduziu a brotação lateral e reduziu a produtividade da cultura. O PBZ também influenciou significativamente na massa de seca de parte aérea, com aumento linear na massa seca da parte radicular. O híbrido Jennifer apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto, resultando em plantas com maior altura que o AF 7631, sem que houvesse diferenças entre eles, no que se refere ao diâmetro da haste, brotação lateral e produtividade. Em ambiente protegido, foram obtidas plantas mais vigorosas, com maior altura, brotação lateral e maior produtividade que em campo aberto. O ambiente de cultivo não interferiu em nenhuma das características qualitativas avaliadas, para o híbrido AF 7631, enquanto que, para o Jennifer houve efeito significativo do ambientes de cultivo sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável...
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1) of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the production of seedlings, plant growth, development, plant yield and physico-chemical quality of fruits, of two tomato hybrids (Jennifer and AF 7631), cultivated in open field and in protected environment. The work was conducted from April to October of 2007, at UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo State. The PBZ was applied to seedlings, at 15 days after germination. For evaluation of the seedlings, the used statistical experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial outline, with 4 repetitions and 10 seedlings per plot. For evaluation of the development and productivity of two hybrids after transplant it was used a randomized block design, in a factorial array, with analysis for group of experiments, in a fixed model, with 4 replications for environment and 9 plants per plot. The use of increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol reduced the height of plants and their growth rate, increased the stem diameter, decreased the side shooting and reduced the crop yield. PBZ also influenced significantly in the dry shoot, with lineal increase in the dry roots. The hybrid Jennifer showed higher rates of absolute growth, resulting in higher plants than AF 7631, but, with no differences between them, regarding to the stem diameter, to side shooting and crop yield. In the greenhouse, it was obtained higher plants with higher side shooting and higher yield than that observed in the open field. The cultivation environment didn't interfere in none of the appraised qualitative characteristics, for the hybrid AF 7631, while, for Jennifer there was significant effect of the cultivation environment on the contents of soluble solids and titratable acidity, not affecting, however, the maturation index. However of the cultivation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
6
Silva, Katiane Santiago. "Uso de paclobutrazol em tomateiro cultivado em dois ambientes /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106222.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Max José de Araújo Faria JúniorBanca: Shizuo Seno
Banca: José Luis Susumu Sasaki
Banca: Rerison Catarino da Hora
Banca: Humberto Silva Santos
Resumo: O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150 mg L-1) de paclobutrazol (PBZ) na produção de mudas, no crescimento, desenvolvimento de plantas, na produção e na qualidade físico-química de dois híbridos de tomateiro (Jennifer e AF 7631), em campo aberto e em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de abril a outubro de 2007, na UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo. O PBZ foi aplicado às mudas, aos 15 dias após a germinação. Para avaliação das mudas, foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com 4 repetições e 10 plântulas por parcela. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento e produtividade dos híbridos após transplante, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com análise para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo, com 4 blocos por ambiente e 9 plantas por parcela. O uso de concentrações crescentes de paclobutrazol reduziu a taxa de crescimento e a altura de plantas, aumentou o diâmetro da haste, reduziu a brotação lateral e reduziu a produtividade da cultura. O PBZ também influenciou significativamente na massa de seca de parte aérea, com aumento linear na massa seca da parte radicular. O híbrido Jennifer apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto, resultando em plantas com maior altura que o AF 7631, sem que houvesse diferenças entre eles, no que se refere ao diâmetro da haste, brotação lateral e produtividade. Em ambiente protegido, foram obtidas plantas mais vigorosas, com maior altura, brotação lateral e maior produtividade que em campo aberto. O ambiente de cultivo não interferiu em nenhuma das características qualitativas avaliadas, para o híbrido AF 7631, enquanto que, para o Jennifer houve efeito significativo do ambientes de cultivo sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1) of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the production of seedlings, plant growth, development, plant yield and physico-chemical quality of fruits, of two tomato hybrids (Jennifer and AF 7631), cultivated in open field and in protected environment. The work was conducted from April to October of 2007, at UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo State. The PBZ was applied to seedlings, at 15 days after germination. For evaluation of the seedlings, the used statistical experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial outline, with 4 repetitions and 10 seedlings per plot. For evaluation of the development and productivity of two hybrids after transplant it was used a randomized block design, in a factorial array, with analysis for group of experiments, in a fixed model, with 4 replications for environment and 9 plants per plot. The use of increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol reduced the height of plants and their growth rate, increased the stem diameter, decreased the side shooting and reduced the crop yield. PBZ also influenced significantly in the dry shoot, with lineal increase in the dry roots. The hybrid Jennifer showed higher rates of absolute growth, resulting in higher plants than AF 7631, but, with no differences between them, regarding to the stem diameter, to side shooting and crop yield. In the greenhouse, it was obtained higher plants with higher side shooting and higher yield than that observed in the open field. The cultivation environment didn't interfere in none of the appraised qualitative characteristics, for the hybrid AF 7631, while, for Jennifer there was significant effect of the cultivation environment on the contents of soluble solids and titratable acidity, not affecting, however, the maturation index. However of the cultivation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
7
Gary, Christian. "Etude et modélisation des effets à court terme du microclimat sur le bilan carbone de la tomate en phase végétative." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066246.
Full text
8
Bezerra, Francisco Elânio. "Uma abordagem computacional para previsão de demanda de energia elétrica e apoio à tomada de decisão no mercado de curto prazo no Brasil." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1615.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-04-27T18:03:46Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Francisco Elanio Bezerra.pdf: 3173273 bytes, checksum: d46cdeb01bbd348e3926275e79daa4f3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T18:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Elanio Bezerra.pdf: 3173273 bytes, checksum: d46cdeb01bbd348e3926275e79daa4f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02
The technological advance, in the world, has brought about profound changes in the way the electric energy is generated, distributed and consumed. The increase in electricity consumption and the interruption of power supply in Brazil led to the creation of Decree 5.163/2004, proposing a new model for the sale of electricity in the National Interconnected System through auctions in the free contracting environments between buyers and Sellers, or regulated through auctions promoted by the Electric Energy Trading Chamber (CCEE), which accounts for the difference between contracting and energy consumption and through the settlement price of the differences and promotes the settlement of this energy short-term market .If you have more contracts than consumption, or more consumption than contracts, you will suffer penalties. With the change in the commercialization of energy, the generators and distributors suffer with forecast of consumption and with amount of energy that must contract in the auctions. In this scenario, several techniques such as genetic algorithm, multicriteria decision, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks among others have been used to optimize the system of buying and selling energy in this new environment. Therefore, the proposal of this work is to develop an intelligent computational system, using historical data from a distributor to forecast demand by consumption class to support decision making in the short term market. The result of the work may provide conditions for a distributor to monitor energy demand by consumption class, provide possibilities for short-term market trading and minimize losses with subcontracting and over-contracting.
O avanço tecnológico, no mundo, trouxe profundas mudanças na forma como a energia elétrica é gerada, distribuída e consumida. O aumento do consumo de energia elétrica e a interrupção no fornecimento de energia no Brasil levaram à criação do Decreto 5.163/2004, propondo um novo modelo de comercialização de energia elétrica no Sistema Interligado Nacional por meio de leilões nos ambientes de contratação livre entre compradores e vendedores, ou regulada, por meio de leilões promovidos pela Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (CCEE). A diferença entre contratação e consumo é contabilizada pela CCEE mensalmente e negociada no mercado de curto prazo. Por meio do preço de liquidação das diferenças é promovida a liquidação dessa energia, cujo mecanismo pode gerar prejuízos ou lucros para a distribuidora que, caso tenha mais contratos do que consumo, ou mais consumo do que contratos, sofrerá penalizações. Com a modificação na comercialização de energia, os geradores e distribuidores sofrem com previsão de consumo e com montante de energia que devem contratar nos leilões. Neste cenário, diversas técnicas, como algoritmo genético, decisão multicritério, lógica fuzzy, redes neurais artificiais entre outras vêm sendo utilizadas para otimizar o sistema de compra e venda que atenda o decreto e mantenha as receitas da geradora e distribuidora. Sendo assim, a proposta deste trabalho é desenvolver uma abordagem computacional utilizando dados históricos de uma distribuidora para previsão de demanda por classe de consumo que sirva de apoio à tomada de decisão no mercado de curto prazo. O resultado do trabalho poderá oferecer condições para uma distribuidora acompanhar a demanda de energia por classe de consumo, fornecer possibilidades para negociação no mercado de curto prazo e minimizar prejuízos com subcontratação e sobrecontratação.
9
De, Villiers Roelof Pieter. "The effect of 6-Benzyladenine on adventitious shoot formation by Lycopersicon. species in vitro." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10491.
Full textAbstract:
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rodade was developed in South Africa for the
fresh produce market. This cultivar is also of major importance for South African
tomato breeding programmes because of its resistance to bacterial wilt. In this
study, aspects of the effects of 6-benzyladenine on adventitious shoot formation by
both L. esculentum cv. Rodade and Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill. were studied in
vitro. These included the regeneration of adventitious shoots, the effects of
different incubation times, the uptake and metabolism of BA and the effect of auxin
on the metabolism of BA in both leaf and callus tissue of the two species.
Adventitious buds could be regenerated on all tissue types except for callus tissue
of L. esculentum. A stepwise increase in the percentage shoots produced was
observed indicating a period of induction wherein incubation on a medium
containing BA is beneficial to the production of shoots. Leaf tissue was more
responsive to BA treatments than callus tissue of both species. The main route of
BA metabolism in both species is from BA to [9R]BA and [9R-MP]BA. Callus
tissue of L. esculentum cv. Rodade however converted BA to the 3- and 9-
glucosides of BA rather than to metabolically active forms of the cytokinin. The
auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, played a definite role in the conversion of BA to
[3G]BA and [9G]BA in leaf tissue of the tomato cultivar tested, but had no effect
in callus tissue of this species.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1993.
10
Ngo, Thi Thanh Hue. "Optimising phosphorus supply to plants by combining inorganic P fertilisers and organic amendments, and the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133787.
Full textAbstract:
Inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilisers are used widely to maximise crop yields. However, in many
cases, much of the P fertiliser applied is unavailable to plants due to P adsorption. Consequently,
excess inorganic P fertiliser application often ensues. The consumption of inorganic P fertiliser has
increased over the last five decades causing increasing concern around the availability of mineral P
resources, and growing interest in identifying alternative sources of P to support sustainable
agricultural production. Inorganic P fertilisers, organic P-rich materials and arbuscular mycorrhizal
(AM) fungi are valued for their abilities to supply P to plants. It may be possible to integrate these
three elements to optimise plant P nutrition. To this end, the research presented in this thesis
worked to understand how plants respond to the combined use of inorganic P and organic
amendments as fertilisers, and further, how they interact with the AM symbiosis.
Across four independent experiments, I examined the growth and nutritional responses of
76R (mycorrhizal) and rmc (non-mycorrhizal) tomato plants to different P sources (inorganic,
organic and mixed). In the first experiment, I used inorganic P fertiliser alone, organic P-rich material
alone, or combinations of the two P sources, at a low P application rate. The second experiment
was developed based on the findings of the first experiment, in which three P fertiliser sources were
tested at low, medium and high application rates. The third experiment was established where low
and high nitrogen (N) application rates were investigated together with low and high P application
rates. In addition, shoot growth responses of the plants were examined over time using high
throughput phenotyping. Finally, I formulated six P fertilisers by co-granulating different ratios of
MAP/chicken litter. The N/P ratios of the fertilisers were balanced by adding urea into the
formulations. A MAP only control (no additional urea) was also included. Physical and chemical
characteristics of formulations were measured along with the kinetics of NH4
+-N and P release from
the fertilisers, before testing their impacts on plant growth, nutrition and arbuscular mycorrhizal
responses.
Overall, while the inorganic P source alone led to faster early shoot growth, the later shoot
growth was overtaken by the combined P sources. The combined P sources increased plant growth,
which was explained by gradual P release that was more closely aligned to plant P demand over the
growth cycle. Thus, the combined use of inorganic P and organic P-rich material was a suitable
method to supply P to plants. Furthermore, my research also highlighted an important knowledge
gap on the interacting effects of AM fungi with different P source materials, which may help
improve P use efficiency and crop yields. I also successfully produced combined P source fertilisers
that differed in their nutrient release properties and impacts on plants.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2021
Books on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Tomato sauce love: Short fiction. Ottawa: BuschekBooks, 2007.
Find full text
2
The green tomato years: Short stories. Toronto: Williams-Wallace, 1985.
Find full text
3
Rasputin, Valentin Grigorʹevich, and Valentin Rasputin. Sobranie sochineniĭ v chetyrekh tomakh. Irkutsk: Izdatelʹ Sapronov, 2007.
Find full text
4
Harry, Greenberg Martin, and Waugh Charles, eds. A knife for Tomaso and other selections by Newbery authors. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2001.
Find full text
5
Klug, Katharina. Systemic effects of mycorrhization on root and shoot physiology of Lycopersicon esculentum. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2006.
Find full text
6
Sobranie proizvedeniĭ v chetyrekh tomakh. Moskva: Vremi͡a, 2001.
Find full text
7
Pavlovich, Chekhov Anton. Polnoe sobranie povesteĭ, rasskazov i ︠i︡umoresok v dvukh tomakh. Moskva: Alʹfa-Kniga, 2009.
Find full text
8
Shalamov, Varlam Tikhonovich. Kolymskie rasskazy: V dvukh tomakh. Moskva: Informat͡s︡ionno-izdatelʹskiĭ t͡s︡entr "Nashe nasledie", 1992.
Find full text
9
Conan, Doyle Arthur. Zapiski o Sherloke Kholmse: V dvukh tomakh. Minsk: Mastat︠s︡kai︠a︡ Literatura, 1993.
Find full text
10
Sagiyama, Ikuko, and Valentina Pedone, eds. Perspectives on East Asia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-649-7.
Full textAbstract:
This volume is a collection of eight articles by different scholars from Japan, China, and Italy. Although the topics covered belong to different fields, such as literature, history, linguistics and sociology, all of the included works are geographically focused on cultural aspects of East Asia. The interdisciplinary character of the collection is meant to provide a broader perspective on the cultures and societies of the Far East, nonetheless the individual articles are each based on specific and focused research. The authors featured in the volume are Eduardo Barberis, Edoardo Gerlini, Tiziana Lioi, Massimiliano Tomasi, Pierantonio Zanotti, Tanina Zappone and Zhou Yuhui. The volume is also proud to include a short piece by professor Takei Kyōzō on Omowaku utaawase.
Book chapters on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Confraria, Ana, Aitor Muñoz-Gasca, Liliana Ferreira, Elena Baena-González, and Pilar Cubas. "Shoot Branching Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Tomato." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 47–59. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_5.
Full text
2
Confraria, Ana, Aitor Muñoz-Gasca, Liliana Ferreira, Elena Baena-González, and Pilar Cubas. "Shoot Branching Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Tomato." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 47–59. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_5.
Full text
3
Lercari, B., S. Moscatelli, E. Ghirardi, R. Niceforo, and L. Bertram. "Photocontrol of Shoot Regeneration from Hypocotyls of Tomato." In Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Biology in the 21st Century, 69–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4661-6_15.
Full text
4
Bima, P., F. Mensurati, and G. P. Soressi. "Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Micropropagation on Axillary Shoot Induction in Monostem Genotype (To-2) of Tomato (L. Esculentum Mill)." In Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, 411–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0307-7_57.
Full text
5
Crinò, P., A. Lai, F. Saccardo, and A. Scala. "Regeneration of Tomato Shoots from Cotyledonary Explants Challenged by Culture Filtrate of Phytophthora Infestans." In Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis, 443–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_55.
Full text
6
Piechulla, Birgit, Nicole Merforth, Daniel Dreesmann, and Ulrike Schäfer. "Short Promoter Regions are Sufficient to Mediate Circadian Expression of Tomato LHC Genes in Transgenic Tobacco." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 2527–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_594.
Full text
7
Ramón, A. M., R. O. Carpena-Ruiz, and A. Gárate. "The effects of short-term deficiency of boron on potassium, calcium, and magnesium distribution in leaves and roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 287–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_48.
Full text
8
Parasuraman, Malathy, and Priyantha Weerasinghe. "Application of mutation breeding techniques in the development of green crop varieties in Sri Lanka: the way forward." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 76–82. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Department of Agriculture (DOA) in Sri Lanka initiated mutation breeding in the 1960s with the introduction of a cobalt-60 source. The first rice mutant variety, MI 273, was released for general cultivation in 1971. M1 273, derived from irradiation of the H-4 variety, was identified as a drought-tolerant variety. An indirect rice mutant variety, developed by crossing the short mutant line BW267-3 with a highly adaptable variety, was released as BW 372 in 2013. It is moderately tolerant to blast, bacterial leaf blight, brown plant hopper, gall midge and iron toxicity, and thus increases productivity to 3-4 t/ha on lands prone to iron toxicity. The most popular groundnut variety cultivated in the country, 'Tissa', is a mutant developed by irradiation with gamma-rays at 200 Gy. It showed attributes of high yield, medium maturity (90-100 days) and high oil content (42%). 'Tissa' presently covers 80% of the groundnut cultivated area in Sri Lanka. A sesame mutant line, derived from the variety MI-3 irradiated at 200 Gy with 60Co gamma-rays, was released as 'Malee' (ANK-S2) in 1993. It is a high-yielding variety (1.1-1.8 t/ha) resistant to Phytophthora blight. A cherry-type mutant tomato variety, developed by irradiation of seeds with gamma-rays (320 Gy), was released as 'Lanka Cherry' in 2010. Improved attributes are pear-shaped fruits and bacterial wilt resistance. Narrow genetic variability in many crops is a constraint to the development of new varieties adapted to the changing climate. Hence, the DOA is emphasizing integration of induced mutagenesis in conventional breeding programmes to develop resistant/tolerant varieties having high yield, quality and health-promoting functional properties in field and horticultural crops. The newly installed gamma irradiation chamber facilitates the creation of genetic variability in food crops, thus paving the way for the development of greener varieties.
9
Rahayu, Y. S., P. Walch-Liu, G. Neumann, N. v. Wirén, V. Römheld, and F. Bangerth. "Effects of long-term and short-term supply of NO3− or NH4+ on Cytokinin levels and leaf expansion rate in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Moneymaker)." In Plant Nutrition, 134–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_64.
Full text
10
Ohta, Katsumi. "Branch Formation and Yield by Flower Bud or Shoot Removal in Tomato." In Physical Methods for Stimulation of Plant and Mushroom Development. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71519.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Young, Margaret. "Direct shoot orgagenesis from Florida Lanai (tomato), a potential plant model system for geminiviruses studies." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1383063.
Full text
2
Salverson, Lynsey A. M., Nader Saniei, Mel Mendelson, and Michelle Lum. "An Engineering Approach Investigating the Uptake and Phytotoxicity of One Type of Engineered Nanoparticle (CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots) by Solanum Lycopersicum." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14032.
Full textAbstract:
The novel and extraordinary physiochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is certain, yet, at the same time, their unique characteristics raise growing concerns regarding potentially adverse effects on biological and ecological systems. It is becoming increasingly evident, that before the full potential of nanotechnology can be realized, standardized characterization of ENPs behavior, fate, and their effects in the ecosystem are essential, to ensure the safe manufacturing and use of ENP products. Otherwise, the promise of such extraordinary advancements may find itself limited to applications such as electronics, and sporting equipments, industries in which it currently resides. The current toxicity profile of engineered nanomaterials is not only preliminary, but highly variable amongst researchers. Emphasizing the great need to develop a highly organized, efficient, and precise approach to assess the hazardous potential ENPs may pose, and address the safety concerns surrounding and limiting nanotechnology. In response to such concerns, the present study took an engineering approach, in an otherwise traditionally viewed discipline, to assess the potential impact of engineered nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings, by implementing a full factorial design of experiment (FDOE) in an effort to identify what factors, and their interactions, have a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on root and shoot elongation, and if any observed effects are a result of particle uptake, evaluated via fluorescence microscopy imaging. Therefore, the goal of our study was to design and implement an efficient, effective, and precise method to assess the effect of one type of ENP, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, using Solanum lycopersicum as our model organism, one of 10 species recommended by the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for use in phytotoxicity studies, via a methodology we believe novel to nanotechnology. By implementing factorial experimental design methodologies, not only are we efficiently identifying the factors that affect phytotoxicity, we are providing, for the first time to our knowledge, the first scientific data to report the significant interaction effects between the factors responsible for ENP toxicity. Water soluble (MUA) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots used in our study had a negative influence on root and shoot lengths of tomato seeds exposed for 3 and 6 days. The observed influence depended on (MUA) CdSe/ZnS concentration and QD exposure time. The importance of the factor effects were examined via analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, confidence intervals, and normal plot statistical analyses. The findings concluded that factors B, C, and the BC-interaction (CdSe/ZnS: Exposure time, concentration, and exposure time–concentration interaction) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings. Thus, factors A, AB, AC, and ABC (CdSe/ZnS QD: Size, size–concentration, size-exposure time, and size-concentration-exposure time interactions) were not found to have a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, and ultimately eliminated from our model. After analyzing the interaction plots, it became evident that low percentages of root reduction are obtained at low concentration levels for short lengths of time; thus, to obtain the least amount of phytotoxic effects one would set factors B (concentration) and C (exposure time) to their low levels, 125 mg/L for 3 days, respectively. Alternatively, high percentages of root reduction are obtained at high concentration levels for long lengths of time; thus, to obtain the greatest phytotoxic effect one would set factors B and C to their high levels, 1000 mg/L for 6 days, respectively. This indicates that as exposure time increases, root reduction increases; thus, phytotoxicity increases. Since our study attempted to realize which factors minimize phytotoxicity effects of one type of ENP, these findings suggest that to minimize phytotoxicity effects (i.e. maximize root length or minimize percent of root reduction) of (MUA) CdSe/ZnS QDs on tomato seeds, set factors B and C (QD concentration and exposure time) to their low levels; that is, expose tomato seeds to 125 mg/L of QD solution for a maximum of 3 days. These settings will yield the least amount of root reduction (5.15%) and; thus, phytotoxicity effects will be minimized. With regard to tomato roots ability to uptake MUA QDs, our results contribute to the literature by reporting uptake possible. Although we did see particles inside the root, it was sporadic and difficult to quantify. As to whether it was intracellular (within the cell) or intercellular (in the spaces between the cells, i.e., outside the cells) we could not conclude with certainty, although we suspect the QDs were intercellular. Thus, we highly recommend future experiments involving cross sections and more in-depth microscopy imaging. Additionally, although the results of our experiment failed to support that particle size (t = 2.13; d.f. = 1; p = 0.065) or the particle size-exposure time interaction (t = 2.17; d.f. = 1; p = 0.062) had a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of tomato seedlings, due to the small p-value associated with both test statistics, it is our belief that particle size and the particle size-exposure time interaction may, in fact, be a real effect; thus, further investigation is recommended.
3
Mastuti, Retno, Aminatun Munawarti, and Mufidatur Rosyidah. "The effect of tomato juices and bean sprout extracts on vitro shoot regeneration of Physalis angulata L." In 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GLOBAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION (ICGRC 2017): Green Campus Movement for Global Conservation. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012720.
Full text
4
Bagdonavičienė, Aistė, Aušra Brazaitytė, Julė Jankauskienė, and Pavelas Duchovskis. "THE EFFECT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON CUCUMBER AND TOMATO TRANSPLANTS ASSIMILATIVE INDICES." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.030.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of our studies was to evaluate the assimilative indices of cucumber (‘Pasalimo F1’) and tomato (‘Marissa F1’) transplants, cultivated under various photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) were provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Experiment was performed in phytotron complex of Institute of Horticulture, LRCAF. A system of high-power, solid-state lighting modules with 92 % 638 nm (red) + 665 nm (red) + 731 nm (far red) and 8 % 447 nm (blue) was used in the experiments. The generated PPFD of each type of five solid-state modules was ~200 and ~400 μmol m-2 s-1. Our experiment revealed that increased net assimilation rate (NAR) depended on increased PPFD of cucumber and tomato hybrid. 400 μmol m-2 s-1 LED illumination had positive effect on relative growth rate (RGR). Cucumbers which were grown under 200 μmol m-2 s-1 had bigger leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA), their development has been bigger as compared to higher 400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. High PPFD LED illumination had positive effect on leaf weight ratio (LWR), shoot root ratio (SRR) and tomato transplants development. These studies with various photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and LEDs light should be continued throughout plant vegetation.
5
Illouz-Eliaz, Natanella. "Underground Gibberellin Activity: Differential Gibberellin Response in Tomato Shoots and Roots." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1374638.
Full text
6
Anisuzzaman, S. M., Collin G. Joseph, Cleanelley Cosmas, Janice L. H. Nga, and Fatin Nadiah Ismail. "A short review on production of enzyme treated spray dried tomato powder." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099662.
Full text
7
Lijuan Xie, Yibin Ying, and Tiejin Ying. "Application of visible and short-wave near-infrared spectroscopy for discrimination of tomato leaves with different genes." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26919.
Full text
8
Iobbi, V., V. Santoro, N. Maggi, M. Giacomini, A. P. Lanteri, G. Minuto, P. Fossa, G. Drava, N. De Tommasi, and A. Bisio. "Short Lecture 7 “Italian “Vessalico” garlic ecotype: characterization of sulfur compounds and antiviral activity against Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV)”." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758887.
Full text
9
Трубаков, Евгений, Evgeniy Trubakov, Ольга Трубакова, and Olga Trubakova. "Comparative Analysis of Monocular Visual Odometry Methods for Indoor Navigation." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-304-307.
Full textAbstract:
The monocular visual odometry algorithm involves several basic steps and for each of them there is a number of methods. The purpose of this work is to conduct practical research of methods for key point detection and the optical flow calculation in the problem of determining the unmanned ground vehicle proper motion. For detection method research conduction the image panel containing various distortions typical for follow robot shot was made. It has been educed that among the accounted methods FAST finds the largest number of points within the minimum elapsed time. At the same time image distortions strongly affect the results of the method, which is negative for the positioning of the robot. Therefore the Shi-Tomasi method was chosen for key points detection within a short period of time, because its results are less dependent on distortion. For research undertake a number of video clips by means of the follow robot shot was made in a confined space at a later scale of the odometry algorithm. From experimental observations the conclusions concerning the application of Lucas-Kanade optical flow method tracking the identified points on the video sequence have been made. Based on the error in the results obtained it was implication that monocular odometry cannot be the main method of an unmanned vehicle positioning in confined spaces, but in combination with probe data given by assistive sensors it is quite possible to use it for determining the robotic system position.
10
Lombardini, Fabrizio, Federico Viviani, and Fabrizio Berizzi. "4D quick Diff-Tomo analyses of short-term decorrelation of distributed scatterers." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7729372.
Full textReports on the topic "Tomato shoot"
1
Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
2
Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai, and Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.
Full textAbstract:
This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.
3
Watad, Abed A., Paul Michael Hasegawa, Ray A. Bressan, Alexander Vainstein, and Yigal Elad. Osmotin and Osmotin-Like Proteins as a Novel Source for Phytopathogenic Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Carnation and Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573992.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this project is to enhance fungal resistance of carnation and tomato through the ectopic expression of osmotin and other pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The research objectives were to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of osmotin and osmotin and other PR protein combinations against phytopathogens (including Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Botrytus cinerea or Phytophthora infestans), develop protocols for efficient transformation of carnation and tomato, express PR proteins in transgenic carnation and tomato and evaluate fungal resistance of transgenic plants. Protocols for microprojectile bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of carnation were developed that are applicable for the biotechnology of numerous commercial cultivars. Research established an efficient organogenetic regeneration system, optimized gene delivery and transgene expression and defined parameters requisite to the high frequency recovery of transgenic plants. Additionally, an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was developed for tomato that is applicable for use with numerous commercial varieties. Rigorous selection and reducing the cytokinin level in medium immediately after shoot induction resulted in substantially greater frequency of adventitious shoots that developed defined stems suitable for rooting and reconstitution of transgenic plants. Transformation vectors were constructed for co-expression of genes encoding osmotin and tobacco chitinase Ia or PR-1b. Expression of osmotin, PR-1 and/or chitinase in transgenic carnation mediated a high level resistance of cv. White Sim (susceptible variety) to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, race 2 in greenhouse assays. These plants are being evaluated in field tests. Comprehensive analysis (12 to 17 experiments) indicated that germination of B. cinerea conidia was unaffected by PR protein expression but germ tube elongation was reduced substantially. The disease severity was significantly attenuated by PR protein expression. Constitutive expression of osmotin in transgenic tomato increased resistance to B. cinerea, and P. infestans. Grey mold and late blight resistance was stable through the third selfed generation. The research accomplished in this project will have profound effects on the use of biotechnology to improve carnation and tomato. Transformation protocols that are applicable for efficient stable gene transfer to numerous commercial varieties of carnation and tomato are the foundation for the capacity to bioengineer these crops. The research further establishes that PR proteins provide a measure of enhanced disease resistance. However, considerations of PR protein combinations and conditional regulation and targeting are likely required to achieve; sustained level of resistance.
4
Mosquna, Assaf, and Sean Cutler. Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604266.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
5
Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.
6
Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. Role of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato Disease Resistance and Basal Defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696520.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The research problem: Bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases of tomato are causedby strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (Pst), respectively. These bacteria colonize aerial parts of the plant and causesignificant losses in tomato production worldwide. Protection against Xcv and Pst bycultural practices or chemical control has been unsuccessful and there are only limitedsources of genetic resistance to these pathogens. In previous research supported in part byBARD IS-3237-01, we extensively characterized changes in tomato gene expression uponthe onset of spot and speck disease resistance. A remarkable finding of these studies wasthe inducibility in tomato leaves by both Xcv and Pst strains of genes encodingtranscriptional activator of the GRAS family, which has not been previously linked todisease resistance. Goals: Central goals of this research were to investigate the role of GRAS genes in tomatoinnate immunity and to assess their potential use for disease control.Specific objectives were to: 1. Identify GRAS genes that are induced in tomato during thedefense response and analyze their role in disease resistance by loss-of-function experiments.2. Overexpress GRAS genes in tomato and characterize plants for possible broad-spectrumresistance. 3. Identify genes whose transcription is regulated by GRAS family. Our main achievements during this research program are in three major areas:1. Identification of tomato GRAS family members induced in defense responses andanalysis of their role in disease resistance. Genes encoding tomato GRAS family memberswere retrieved from databases and analyzed for their inducibility by Pst avirulent bacteria.Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that six SlGRAS transcripts are induced during theonset of disease resistance to Pst. Further expression analysis of two selected GRAS genesshowed that they accumulate in tomato plants in response to different avirulent bacteria orto the fungal elicitor EIX. In addition, eight SlGRAS genes, including the Pst-induciblefamily members, were induced by mechanical stress in part in a jasmonic acid-dependentmanner. Remarkably, SlGRAS6 gene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Pstin virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.2. Molecular analysis of pathogen-induced GRAS transcriptional activators. In aheterologous yeast system, Pst-inducible GRAS genes were shown to have the ability toactivate transcription in agreement with their putative function of transcription factors. Inaddition, deletion analysis demonstrated that short sequences at the amino-terminus ofSlGRAS2, SlGRAS4 and SlGRAS6 are sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally,defense-related SlGRAS proteins were found to localize to the cell nucleus. 3. Disease resistance and expression profiles of transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRASgenes. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRAS3 or SlGRAS6 were generated. Diseasesusceptibility tests revealed that these plants are not more resistant to Pst than wild-typeplants. Gene expression profiles of the overexpressing plants identified putative direct orindirect target genes regulated by SlGRAS3 and SlGRAS6. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities established a novel linkbetween the GRAS family of transcription factors, plant disease resistance and mechanicalstress response. SlGRAS6 was found to be required for disease resistance to Pstsuggesting that this and possibly other GRAS family members are involved in thetranscriptional reprogramming that takes place during the onset of disease resistance.Their nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability support their proposed roleas transcription factors or co-activators. However, the potential of utilizing GRAS familymembers for the improvement of plant disease resistance in agriculture has yet to bedemonstrated.
7
Firon, Nurit, Prem Chourey, Etan Pressman, Allen Hartwell, and Kenneth J. Boote. Molecular Identification and Characterization of Heat-Stress-Responsive Microgametogenesis Genes in Tomato and Sorghum - A Feasibility Study. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7591741.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to higher than optimal temperatures - heat-stress (HS) - is becoming increasingly common to all crop plants worldwide. Heat stress coinciding with microgametogenesis, especially during the post-meiotic phase that is marked by starch biosynthesis, is often associated with starch-deficient pollen and male sterility and ultimately, greatly reduced crop yields. The molecular basis for the high sensitivity of developing pollen grains, on one hand, and factors involved in pollen heat-tolerance, on the other, is poorly understood. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes that control pollen quality under heat-stress conditions. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) Determination of the threshold heat stress temperature(s) that affects tomato and sorghum pollen quality whether: a) Chronic mild heat stress conditions (CMHS), or b) Acute heat stress (AHS). (2) Isolation of heat-responsive, microgametogenesis-specific sequences. During our one-year feasibility project, we have accomplished the proposed objectives as follows: Objectrive 1: We have determined the threshold HS conditions in tomato and sorghum. This was essential for achieving the 2nd objective, since our accumulated experience (both Israeli and US labs) indicate that when temperature is raised too high above "threshold HS levels" it may cause massive death of the developing pollen grains. Above-threshold conditions have additional major disadvantages including the "noise" caused by induced expression of genes involved in cell death and masking of the differences between heatsensitive and heat-tolerant pollen grains. Two different types of HS conditions were determined: a) Season-long CMHS conditions: 32/26°C day/night temperatures confirmed in tomato and 36/26°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures in sorghum. b) Short-term AHS: In tomato, 2 hour exposure to 42-45°C (at 7 to 3 days before anthesis) followed by transfer to 28/22±2oC day/night temperatures until flower opening and pollen maturation, caused 50% reduced germinating pollen in the heat-sensitive 3017 cv.. In sorghum, 36/26°C day/night temperatures 10 to 5 days prior to panicle emergence, occurring at 35 days after sowing (DAS) in cv. DeKalb28E, produced starch-deficient and sterile pollen. Objective 2: We have established protocols for the high throughput transcriptomic approach, cDNA-AFLP, for identifying and isolating genes exhibiting differential expression in developing microspores exposed to either ambient or HS conditions and created a databank of HS-responsivemicrogametogenesis-expressed genes. A subset of differentially displayed Transcript-Derived Fragments (TDFs) that were cloned and sequenced (35 & 23 TDFs in tomato and sorghum, respectively) show close sequence similarities with metabolic genes, genes involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, genes implicated in thermotolerance (heat shock proteins), genes involved in long chain fatty acids elongation, genes involved in proteolysis, in oxidation-reduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cell division and transcription factors. T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutants for part of these genes were obtained to be used for their functional analysis. These studies are planned for a continuation project. Following functional analyses of these genes under HS – a valuable resource of genes, engaged in the HS-response of developing pollen grains, that could be modulated for the improvement of pollen quality under HS in both dicots and monocots and/or used to look for natural variability of such genes for selecting heat-tolerant germplasm - is expected.
8
Prusky, Dov B., Tesfaye Mengiste, and Robert Fluhr. Mechanisms activated by fungal-based host pH modulators during quiescent infections and active postharvest disease development. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597911.bard.
Full textAbstract:
This project aims were to provide new insights on the mechanisms activated during alkalinization and acidification of the infection court by Colletotrichum and Botrytis spp. respectively that will lead to quiescent infection-development on tomato fruits. We have chosen these pathogens due to their contrasting life style of alkalinization and acidification, respectively. We will study the roles of these fungal-based host-pH modulators in modulating host gene expression during quiescent infection development and compare these roles with those governing active colonization as a basis for developing novel strategies for control of postharvest diseases. The aims will be pursued through: Characterization of the effects of pH modulation on fungal-plant cell-cell signaling and on the fungal and plant transcriptome during the initial stages of fungal quiescence. The unpublished material that is presented as short abstract is considered one of the key point modulating Characterization of expression profiles of tomato fruits affected by acidifying and alkalinizing pathogensduring the transformation of quiescent to active infections by Colletotrichum and Botrytis. Functional analysis of selected genes involved in signaling pathways that affects the quiescent and active infections of Colletotrichum and Botrytis.
9
Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.
10
Sink, Ken, Shamay Izhar, and Abraham Nachmias. Asymmetric Somatic Hybridization: Developing a Gene Transfer System for Solanaceous Vegetable Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613010.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Highly asymmetric somatic hybrid plants were obtained by PEG/DMSO fusion of gamma irradiated (100, 250, 7500 and 1000 Gy) protoplasts of a (KmR-) interspecific hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii (EP) with protoplasts of eggplant (E). Somatic hybrid calli were selected based on kanamycin resistance and verified by PCR of the NptII gene, RAPD's and Southern's using potato rDNA pTHG2 probes. Flow cytometry indicated all hybrid calli that did not regenerate shoots were 5-9n. Three asymmetric plants regenerated only from callus close to 4n and such calli oly occurred when EP received 100 Gy. The asymmetric plants had eggplant morphology and regenerated from one hybrid callus with 6.29 average size tomato chromosomes. Limited amounts of EP DNA were found in the three somatic hybrid plants H18-1 to -3 by dot-blot hybridization with probe pTHG2, to be equivalent to 6.23, 5.41, and 5.95 % EP, respectively. RFLP analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii specific chromosomes revealed that only fragments of 8 to 10 out of the 24 EP chromosomes are present in the asymmetric plants. Transgenic plants 2-3, 2-4 and 10-3 were found resistant to verticillium; suggesting successful transfer of the Ve complex from S. torvum to eggplant.