Journal articles on the topic 'Tomato root'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tomato root.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tomato root.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
O'Neill, T. M., S. J. Deery, G. Scott, and M. Dickinson. "MONITORING TOMATO ROOT MICROORGANISMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1044 (July 2014): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1044.8.
Full text
2
Tan, C. S., and J. M. Fulton. "Water Uptake and Root Distribution by Corn and Tomato at Different Depths." HortScience 20, no. 4 (August 1985): 686–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.4.686.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Root systems were studied to determine if differences in utilization of soil moisture were associated with the extent and number of roots produced by corn and tomato. Growth room studies for both crops indicated that the reduction in transpiration when the upper portion of the root zone was dry was greater than when the lower portion was dry. Total root length of corn was about twice that of tomato roots. However, no direct relationship between the total amount of root length and transpiration was found. Roots of corn and tomato in the field extended beyond the maximum depth measured (100 cm) between 42 – 46 days after establishment. The spatial density of corn roots was much greater than that of tomato roots, especially as depths increased. This difference possibly explains the use of stored soil moisture by corn. On the other hand, the capacity of tomatoes to extract large amounts of water from the soil cannot be explained by the density and rooting depth. Perhaps this capacity is due to total root surface area differences or high absorption capacity of tomato root system.
3
Shi, J. B., X. Y. Gong, M. Khashi u Rahman, T. Yua, X. G. Zhou, and F. Z. Wu. "Effects of potato-onion intercropping on root morphology of tomato through volatile organic compounds." Allelopathy Journal 52, no. 2 (March 2021): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-2-1319.
Full textAbstract:
Facilitative interactions occur between the plants in intercropping systems, however, the underlying allelopathy mechanisms are poorly understood. We determined the effects of potato-onion (Allium cepa var. agrogatum Don.) intercrop on root morphology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculenum L.) through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There were four treatments as (i) Tomato/tomato without VOCs interaction (-TT), (ii) Tomato/tomato with VOCs interaction (+TT, control), (iii) Potato-onion/tomato without VOCs interaction (-OT) and (iv) Potato-onion/tomato with VOCs interaction +(OT) in glasshouses. As compared to tomato, VOCs from potato-onion significantly increased the number of root tips total length but decreased the root diameter of tomato, however significantly the increase the tomato root length (0-0.5 mm mean diameter). These results indicated that the tomato root morphology has influenced by aboveground secreted VOCs from neighboring plants in potato-onion intercropping system.
4
Crespo, Aline M., Andrew W. MacRae, Cristiane Alves, Tyler P. Jacoby, and Rick O. Kelly. "Tomato Root Uptake of Carfentrazone." Weed Technology 27, no. 3 (September 2013): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00008.1.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.
5
French, Elizabeth, Tri Tran, and Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi. "Tomato Genotype Modulates Selection and Responses to Root Microbiota." Phytobiomes Journal 4, no. 4 (January 2020): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-02-20-0020-r.
Full textAbstract:
Using microbial inoculants to enhance plant health is promising for crop improvement. However, for success, knowledge of how different cultivars within a crop species select and respond to the root microbiome is critical. The aims of this study were to (i) determine the contribution of tomato genotype to the tomato root bacterial microbiome and (ii) investigate whether closely related tomato genotypes differ in their selection of and response to root endophytes. We used 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to examine the root bacterial communities of six Solanum lycopersicum (domesticated tomato) and two S. pimpinellifolium (wild tomato) accessions. We found that, across accessions, both the root endosphere and rhizosphere were affected by genotype. Genotype accounted for 10% of the variation in root microbiota. Two bacterial families, Bacillaceae and Rhizobiaceae, were significantly enriched in the root endosphere in at least six of the eight tomato genotypes. To investigate whether closely related tomato genotypes differed in selection of these endosphere-enriched taxa, we profiled the root endosphere of 20 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two of the genotypes. The abundance of Bacillaceae and Rhizobiaceae isolates varied quantitatively in the root endosphere of the RILs. Inoculation of 16 RILs with a Bacillaceae isolate identified from the root endosphere of field-grown tomato showed that RIL responses, in terms of shoot and root growth, varied from less than 5% growth enhancement to more than 40%. Our data show that tomato genotypes have distinct but overlapping root bacterial microbiomes and respond differently to specific bacterial endophytes.
6
Alaguero-Cordovilla, Aurora, Francisco Gran-Gómez, Sergio Tormos-Moltó, and José Pérez-Pérez. "Morphological Characterization of Root System Architecture in Diverse Tomato Genotypes during Early Growth." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123888.
Full textAbstract:
Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early growth in a controlled environment. Additionally, the root system architecture of six near-isogenic lines from the tomato ‘Micro-Tom’ mutant collection was also studied. These lines were affected in key genes of ethylene, abscisic acid, and anthocyanin pathways. We found extensive differences between the studied lines for a number of meaningful morphological traits, such as lateral root distribution, lateral root length or adventitious root development, which might represent adaptations to local soil conditions during speciation and subsequent domestication. Taken together, our results provide a general quantitative framework for comparing root system architecture in tomato seedlings and other related species.
7
Feng, Yingming, Huanxiu Li, Xianshi Zhang, Xuewen Li, Jie Zhang, Lei Shi, Xingyun Chen, et al. "Effects of Cadmium Stress on Root and Root Border Cells of Some Vegetable Species with Different Types of Root Meristem." Life 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091401.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and can be easily absorbed by plants, affecting root growth. Root border cells (RBCs), that are located in the periphery of the root cap and originate from the root cap meristem, represent a convenient tool to study the toxic effects of Cd on root performance. In this work, vegetables with contrasting types of root apical meristem (RAM) organizations were used. The open RAM organizations included pea and cucumber, and the closed RAM organizations included tomato, chili, and eggplant. The number of RBCs were significantly higher in the species possessing open RAM organization: pea (11,330 cells per root) > cucumber (8200) > tomato (2480) > eggplant (1830) > chili (1320). The same trend was observed for cell viability: pea (61%) > cucumber (59%) > tomato (49%) > eggplant (44%) > chili (42%). Pea and cucumber had higher relative radicle elongation rates and a lower increase in stress-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), making them more resistant to Cd stress than the vegetables with close RAM organization. Under Cd treatment, the number and viability of RBCs in vegetables with both types of RAM organization were significantly decreased. However, the decreasing ratio of the number and viability of RBCs in pea and cucumber was higher than in tomato, chili, and eggplant. Taken together, the plants with the open-type RAM are more tolerant to Cd, and it can be speculated that the cadmium tolerance of the vegetables may be correlated with the number and viability of RBCs in response to cadmium stress.
8
Clergeot, Pierre-Henri, Herwig Schuler, Ejvind Mørtz, Maja Brus, Simina Vintila, and Sophia Ekengren. "The Corky Root Rot Pathogen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Secretes a Proteinaceous Inducer of Cell Death Affecting Host Plants Differentially." Phytopathology® 102, no. 9 (September 2012): 878–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-12-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Pathogenic isolates of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the causal agent of corky root rot of tomato, secrete cell death in tomato 1 (CDiT1), a homodimeric protein of 35 kDa inducing cell death after infiltration into the leaf apoplast of tomato. CDiT1 was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography, characterized by mass spectrometry and cDNA cloning. Its activity was confirmed after infiltration of an affinity-purified recombinant fusion of the protein with a C-terminal polyhistidine tag. CDiT1 is highly expressed during tomato root infection compared with axenic culture, and has a putative ortholog in other pathogenic Pleosporales species producing proteinaceous toxins that contribute to virulence. Infiltration of CDiT1 into leaves of other plants susceptible to P. lycopersici revealed that the protein affects them differentially. All varieties of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) tested were more sensitive to CDiT1 than those of currant tomato (S. pimpinellifolium). Root infection assays showed that varieties of currant tomato are also significantly less prone to intracellular colonization of their root cells by hyphae of P. lycopersici than varieties of cultivated tomato. Therefore, secretion of this novel type of inducer of cell death during penetration of the fungus inside root cells might favor infection of host species that are highly sensitive to this molecule.
9
do Rosário G. Oliveira, Maria, António M. Calado, and Carlos A. Martins Portas. "Tomato Root Distribution under Drip Irrigation." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 4 (July 1996): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.644.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root distribution was evaluated by the trench profile wall method at four trickle irrigation regimes (irrigation at soil water potential -10, -20, -40, and -60 kPa) in a 2-year field trial. Total root length intensity (m·m-2), final yield (t·ha-1) and fruit size (g/fruit) decreased with decrease in amount of water applied. In both years, tomato water use efficiency (kg·ha-1·mm-1) was significantly lower with irrigation at -10 kPa than with any other irrigation regime studied. The largest proportion of tomato roots, 88% for 1989 and 96% for 1990, was found in the top 40 cm of the soil and rapidly decreased with depth. The high concentration of roots in the 30 to 40 cm layer was attributed to an horizon with high soil bulk density values, immediately below 40 cm, impeding deeper root penetration. Most roots occurred in the emitter area, close to the plant. In rows 1.5 m apart, between 12% and 21% of total root length was found more than 0.5 m from the stem, which may have resulted from the interpenetration of roots from plants of adjoining rows.
10
Hochmuth, George J., Warren H. Gabelman, and Gerald C. Gerloff. "A Gene Affecting Tomato Root Morphology." HortScience 20, no. 6 (December 1985): 1099–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.1099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A strain of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) having a high capacity for P uptake and characterized by prolific root hair formation (“cottony root”) was studied genetically. Based on data from several experiments, a monogenic, recessive mode of inheritance was indicated. The gene symbol crt has been proposed for “cottony root”.
11
Nakano, Akimasa, Keiichi Kawamoto, Tsutomu Takahashi, and Katsutoshi Ryu. "Characteristics of tomato root for rootstock." Root Research 20, no. 4 (2011): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3117/rootres.20.144.
Full text
12
Ayarna, Alex Williams, Satoru Tsukagoshi, and George Oduro Nkansah. "Effect of Root Restriction on the Performance of Three-Truss Cultivated Tomato in the Low-Node Pinching Order at High-Density Cultivation System." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030060.
Full textAbstract:
The low-node pinching order at a high-density plant cultivation system (LN&HD) is now widely adopted for increasing tomato yield and fruit quality. The LN&HD cultivation period spans 70–120 days, employs the use of a small amount of substrate (low substrate volume), and plants are usually topped between the first and the fourth truss. Using a small amount of substrate in cultivation induces root restriction. Increasing the extent of root restriction in small pots has been adopted for increasing the fruit quality of tomato in some advanced countries. However, improving fruit quality at the expense of yield becomes a major drawback for adopting the LN&HD in Ghana. The LN&HD was introduced into Ghana mainly to increase tomato yield sustainably at a cost-effective level. This study aimed to manipulate or reduce the extent of root restriction to increase tomato yield. Information related to manipulating or reducing the extent of root restriction has not been extensively reported. Thus, an experiment was conducted (between 21 April 2019 and 11 August 2019) in the greenhouse of the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Research Centre, Kade-Ghana. Plants of two tomato cultivars (Jaguar and Momotaro York) were subjected to four root restriction conditions. The extent of root restriction were (1) complete root restriction in a 1.0 L volume capacity pot, (2) complete root restriction in a 1.5 L volume capacity pot, (3) partial root restriction in Rockwool-like cultivation, otherwise referred to as Cocowool, and (4) No root restriction in a trough containing 1.5 L of the substrate. The experiment was laid out in a 2 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block. Results showed that partial root restriction in Cocowool and unrestricted roots in the trough produced the highest tomato yield and total dry matter compared to the plants that received complete root restrictions in the 1.0 and 1.5 L pots. However, the tomato’s total soluble solids increased with a complete root restriction in the 1.0 L pot. Reducing the extent of root restriction increased the yield and total dry matter of tomato. With the LN&HD, a small amount of substrate could be used (at a reduced cost) with a partial root restriction to increase the yield of tropical tomato cultivars grown in Ghana.
13
Wang, Kelei, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Keke Pan, Shiwen Su, Jian Xu, and Faxing Chen. "Ebb-and-Flow Subirrigation Improves Seedling Growth and Root Morphology of Tomato by Influencing Root-Softening Enzymes and Transcript Profiling of Related Genes." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020494.
Full textAbstract:
Ebb-and-flow subirrigation is a promising strategy to increase water use efficiency, avoid waterlogging or drought conditions, and promote the overall growth of vegetable crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seedling growth, root morphology, activities of root-softening enzymes, and transcript profiling of those enzyme-related genes in tomato under top sprinkle irrigation and ebb-and-flow subirrigation. The results showed that ebb-and-flow subirrigation could significantly improve stem diameter, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, and root diameter of tomato by 9.42%, 45.92%, 44.82%, 15.61%, and 9.41%, as compared with top sprinkle irrigation, respectively. The ebb-and-flow subirrigation also maintained the root activity and photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings. The activities of superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase of tomato roots under ebb-and-flow subirrigation were remarkably increased, while the malondialdehyde content was decreased compared with the plants grown under top sprinkle irrigation. Correlation analysis among activities of root-softening enzymes and transcriptomic profiling of their biosynthesis-related genes revealed that 10 genes might be responsible for regulation of studied enzymes. Overall, ebb-and-flow subirrigation could significantly promote the growth of tomato seedlings, so as to maintain high activity and promote the cultivation of high-quality and strong seedlings.
14
Liu, Dan, Zeping Shen, Keqing Zhuang, Ziwen Qiu, Huiming Deng, Qinglin Ke, Haoju Liu, and Huibin Han. "Systematic Annotation Reveals CEP Function in Tomato Root Development and Abiotic Stress Response." Cells 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11192935.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide; however, environmental stressors severely restrict tomato growth and yield. Therefore, it is of great interest to discover novel regulators to improve tomato growth and environmental stress adaptions. Here, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to identify putative tomato C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) genes and to explore their potential physiological function in tomato root development and abiotic stress responses. A total of 17 tomato CEP genes were identified and grouped into two subgroups based on the similarity of CEP motifs. The public RNA-Seq data revealed that tomato CEP genes displayed a diverse expression pattern in tomato tissues. Additionally, CEP genes expression was differentially regulated by nitrate or ammonium status in roots and shoots, respectively. The differences in expression levels of CEP genes induced by nitrogen indicate a potential involvement of CEPs in tomato nitrogen acquisition. The synthetic CEP peptides promoted tomato primary root growth, which requires nitric oxide (NO) and calcium signaling. Furthermore, we also revealed that CEP peptides improved tomato root resistance to salinity. Overall, our work will contribute to provide novel genetic breeding strategies for tomato cultivation under adverse environments.
15
Oka, Yuji, Yigal Cohen, and Yitzhak Spiegel. "Local and Systemic Induced Resistance to the Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato by DL-β-Amino-n-Butyric Acid." Phytopathology® 89, no. 12 (December 1999): 1138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.12.1138.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical inducers of pathogenesis-related proteins and plant resistance were applied to tomato plants, with the aim of inducing resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Relative to control plants, foliar spray and soil-drenching with dl-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) reduced root-galling 7 days after inoculation, as well as the number of eggs 30 days after inoculation. Other chemicals (α- and γ-amino-n-butyric acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) were either phytotoxic to tomato plants or did not improve control of root-knot nematodes. Fewer second-stage juveniles invaded BABA-treated tomato roots, and root-galling indices were lower than in control tomato plants. Resistance phenomena in seedlings lasted at least 5 days after spraying with BABA. Nematodes invading the roots of BABA-treated seedlings induced small, vacuolate giant cells. Postinfection treatment of tomato plants with BABA inhibited nematode development. It is speculated that after BABA application tomato roots become less attractive to root-knot nematodes, physically harder to invade, or some substance(s) inhibiting nematode or nematode feeding-site development is produced in roots.
16
Salem, Nidá M., Luma S. Albanna, Amany O. Abdeen, Qusay I. Ibrahim, and Akl M. Awwad. "Sulfur Nanoparticles Improves Root and Shoot Growth of Tomato." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 4 (March 11, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n4p179.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The objective of this research work is to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles by green route and to investigate the beneficial effect on root and shoot growth of tomato. Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesized using aqueous extract of <em>Ailanthus altissima</em> leaves at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) inspections indicated that nanoparticles are spherical and polydispersed with diameters ranging between 5 and 80 nm. The potential of sulfur nanoparticles for enhancing tomato’s growth, increasing the concentration of sulfur nanoparticles from 100 ppm to 300 ppm cause an increase in root and shoot lengths, while higher concentration 400 ppm and 600 ppm induced an inhibitory effect. Results of this study reveal that SNPs have the potential to enhance root and shoot growth of tomato and the effect is concentration dependent.</p>
17
Dewi Arini, Wahyu Harso, and Asri Pirade Paserang. "Test Of The Effectiveness Of Root Alelopathic Extract (Cyperus rotundus L.) and Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) On The Growth Of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Biocelebes 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/bioceb.v13i3.14970.
Full textAbstract:
Cyperus rotundus L. and Ageratum conyzoides L. are commonly found in tomato field as weeds species. Weed compete with the crop for nutrient, water and light. In addition, weed released allelopathy that inhibited the growth of crop. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of allelopathy from C. rotundus L. and Ageratum conyzoides L. root extract to inhibit tomato plant growth. The study was conducted in Completey Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was root extract from either C. rotundus L. and A. conyzoides L. as allelopathy. The second factor was concentration of root extract from both weeds (100, 300 and 500 g/ml). Each treatment combination was repeated four times. The results showed that A. conyzoides L. root extract had higher inhibition to growth of tomato plant than C. rotundus L. root extract. Increasing root extract concentration from both weeds increased inhibition of tomato plant growth.
18
Gaul, Sonia O., Gerald R. Stephenson, and Keith R. Solomon. "Phytotoxic Interaction of Tridiphane and Metribuzin in Metribuzin Sensitive and Tolerant Soybean (Glycine max) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Weed Science 43, no. 3 (September 1995): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500081327.
Full textAbstract:
The joint action of metribuzin and tridiphane was investigated in metribuzin-tolerant (T) and metribuzin-susceptible (S) soybean and tomato cultivars within species, respectively, under growth room studies. Maple Arrow (T) and Maple Amber (S) exhibited similar tolerance to tridiphane applied at soybean emergence. Vision (T) tomato was more sensitive to tridiphane than was Springset (S) tomato, the reverse of the relative tolerance to metribuzin. A phytotoxic interaction was demonstrated following application of tridiphane and metribuzin at the respective rates (kg ai ha−1) of 0.1 and 1.1 in Maple Arrow (T) soybeans, 0.05 and 0.25 in Maple Amber (S) soybeans, and 0.25 and 0.2 in Springset (S) tomato. Tridiphane applied 1 or 4 h before metribuzin caused the greatest phytotoxicity in Maple Amber (S) soybeans. Soybean field results generally supported those of growth-room studies. Foliar spray pretreatment with tridiphane increased total radioactivity in Springset (S), decreased the total root radioactivity and increased total shoot radioactivity in both Vision (T) and Springset (S) and decreased metabolism of metribuzin to water soluble conjugates in Springset (S) roots over 24 h following14C-metribuzin application to roots of intact tomato seedlings. The increased uptake, translocation to the shoots, and decreased root metabolism of metribuzin in Springset when pretreated with tridiphane could explain the phytotoxic interaction (which was unexpected, based only on the glucose detoxification pathway of metribuzin in tomato).
19
Nicolás-Álvarez, Dulce Estefanía, José Alberto Andraca-Adame, José Jorge Chanona-Pérez, Juan Vicente Méndez-Méndez, Raúl Borja-Urby, Nicolás Cayetano-Castro, Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez, and Primavera López-Salazar. "Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles Incorporation into Cells of Tomato Roots." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051127.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, tomato plants were grown in vitro with and without incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth medium. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological (area and roundness cell) and mechanical (Young’s Modulus) change in the different tissue of tomato root, epidermis (Ep), parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb), when the whole plant was exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques were used to identify changes into the root cells when TiO2 NPs were incorporated. TiO2 NPs incorporation produces changes in the area, roundness, and Young’s Modulus of the tomato root. When tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs, the Ep and Vb area size decreases from 260.92 µm2 to 160.71 µm2 and, 103.08 µm2 to 52.13 µm2, respectively, compared with the control area, while in Pa tissue the area size was increased considerably from 337.72 mm2 to 892.96 mm2. Cellular roundness was evident in tomato root that was exposed to TiO2 NPs in the Ep (0.49 to 0.67), Pa (0.63 to 0.79), and Vb (0.76 to 0.71) area zones. Young’s Modulus in Pa zone showed a rigid mechanical behavior when tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs (0.48 to 4.98 MPa control and TiO2 NPs, respectively). Meanwhile, Ep and Vb were softer than the control sample (13.9 to 1.06 MPa and 6.37 to 4.41 MPa respectively). This means that the Pa zone was stiffer than Ep and Vb when the root is exposed to TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs were internalized in the root tissue of tomato, accumulating mainly in the cell wall and intercellular spaces, with a wide distribution throughout the tissue, as seen in TEM.
20
Poysa, V. W., C. S. Tan, and J. A. Stone. "Flooding Stress and the Root Development of Several Tomato Genotypes." HortScience 22, no. 1 (February 1987): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.1.24.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars well-adapted to sandy soils and reportedly flood-tolerant genotypes were subjected to a range of flooding stresses in a controlled environment growth room and in the field. Root systems were partitioned into stem-borne adventitious roots, roots in the upper 10 cm of the soil profile, and the remaining roots. There was no difference between the reportedly flood-tolerant genotypes and cultivars adapted to sandy soils in response to the flooding stresses. In continuously flooded plants, adventitious roots accounted for more than one-half the root biomass. In plants subjected to periodic flooding, adventitious root growth was restricted.
21
T.I, Olabiyi. "Potency of plant-derived biological nematicides on root-knot disease of tomato, Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Mill." American Research Journal of Agriculture 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21694/2378-9018.21003.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-derived biological nematicides in the management of root-knot nematode disease of tomato. A piece of land measuring 8 m × 54 m was ploughed and raised beds were the experimental plots. The land was divided into 4 blocks, each block comprising 12 treatments and 4 replicates with a total of 48 experimental plots were fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria (Longitude 40E and Latitude 8010N) during 2018 planting season. 20 g macerated root gall of Celosia was applied to tomato root rhizosphere (inoculation). The plant-derived biological nematicides that were assessed on root-knot nematode disease of tomato, UC8 cultivar, include the leaf water extract of neem, castor, wild sunflower, cleome, siam weed, phyllanthus, nitta, tobacco, lantana and calotropis, mixed with black soap, at rate of 9:1 v/w. The black soap and distilled water served as adjuvant and solvent respectively, and as the control experiments. The results showed that the root galling and soil population of root-knot nematode were significantly reduced with consequent enhanced growth and yield of tomato in the plots treated with plant-derived biological nematicides, compared with the tomato in the control experiments. The study has demonstrated that the use of plant-derived biological nematicides can be effectively explored in the management of root-knot nematode disease. The application of plant-derived biological nematicides is therefore recommended for sustainable management of root-knot nematode disease in tomato production.
22
Evans, Michael R. "Processed Poultry Feather Fiber as an Alternative to Peat in Greenhouse Crops Substrates." HortTechnology 14, no. 2 (January 2004): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.2.0176.
Full textAbstract:
Plant growth was evaluated in substrates containing varying proportions of processed poultry feather fiber (feather fiber). `Cooler Blush' vinca (Catharanthus roseus) and `Orbit Cardinal' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) dry shoot and dry root weights were not significantly different among plants grown in sphagnum-peat-based and perlite-based substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. `Pineapple Queen' coleus (Coleus blumei) dry shoot weights were not significantly different among plants grown in substrates containing 0% to 50% feather fiber. Coleus dry root weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 40% feather fiber. `Better Boy' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) dry shoot weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. Tomato dry root weights were not significantly different among the substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber, but tomato grown in substrates containing 40% to 60% feather fiber had significantly lower dry root weights than tomato grown in substrates containing 0% to 30% feather fiber. `Salad Bush' cucumber (Cucumis sativus) dry shoot and dry root weights were not significantly different between plants grown in 0% to 50% feather fiber, but those gown in substrates containing 60% feather fiber had significantly lower dry shoot weights than those grown in substrates containing 0% feather fiber. Dry shoot and root weights of coleus and tomato grown in SB-300 substrate amended with 20% or 30% feather fiber were not significantly different from coleus and tomato grown in SB-300 without feather fiber. Dry shoot and dry root weights of coleus and tomato were significantly lower for plants grown in SB-300 amended with 40% feather fiber than for plants grown in SB-300 without feather fiber. For all species tested, plants grown in substrates containing up to 30% feather fiber were not significantly different from those grown in substrates containing 0% feather fiber and were of marketable qualities.
23
Al-marri, Masoud J., Osman A. Elsharief Abdalla, Sheeja Thomas, Mohammed Al-Masri, Mohammed I. Abubaker, Mohamed M., Hichem R., and Mohamed mahomoud Mazen. "Impact of Irrigation Method on Root Rot and Wilt Diseases in Tomato Under Net Greenhouse in the State of Qatar." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 8 (October 25, 2018): 1452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7771.
Full textAbstract:
The study involved the relationship among two irrigation methods; Subsurface Buried Diffuser (SBD) and Conventional Drip irrigation (DI) and their impact on the survival of healthy tomato plant . Tomato plant irrigated with SBD and DI methods were subjected to survey of root or shoot systems fungal diseases and infected vs. healthy Tomato plant survival incidence percentage were recorded. Surveyed tomato plant showing, root rot and wilt symptoms were subjected to isolation trails for the purpose of isolation of the causal organisms. Rhizospheric samples of different healthy and diseased plants were collected at flowering growth stage for determining the frequency occurrence of different fungi associated with the root region of healthy and infected roots of tomato plants under both irrigation methods. It was observed that the Tomato plants irrigated under DI method were more prone to fungal infection than that of SBD method. Pathogenic fungi that contributed in reducing the survival of tomato plant were high in rhizospheric soil irrigated with DI irrigation Method as compared to SBD irrigation method. The root fungal pathogens isolated from rhizospheric soil were Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus spp., and Pythium spp., which recorded in high frequency comparing with other microorganisms. The genus Fusarium represented in highest records followed by the genus Rhizoctonia and Pythium respectively at all assayed samples.
24
De Jin, Rong, Joo Won Suh, Ro Dong Park, Yong Woong Kim, Hari B. Krishnan, and Kil Yong Kim. "Effect of chitin compost and broth on biological control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Nematology 7, no. 1 (2005): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541054192171.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are distributed worldwide and affect a broad range of important agronomic plant species. Chitinolytic bacteria were evaluated as potential biological control agents of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on tomato. After transplantation of seedlings into pots containing soil amended with chitin compost, chitin broth, or respective controls, soil was inoculated with nematode eggs and infective second-stage juveniles (J2). Samples taken at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after inoculation indicated that fresh weights of plants did not vary between treatments or between treatments and controls. The gall index was lower in the plants grown in the chitin-amended soil at each time point. Activities of soil chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were greater in those soils amended with chitin compost and chitin broth. Gall index of tomato root was negatively correlated with soil chitinase activity. Activities of tomato root chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were higher in plants growing in non-chitin-amended soil at 6 and 8 weeks after nematode infestation. Chitinase activity in tomato root was positively correlated with the gall index of tomato root. The results indicate the potential of chitinase producing bacteria to alleviate nematode parasitism in important vegetable crops.
25
Gandullo, Jacinto, Safarina Ahmad, Essam Darwish, Rumyana Karlova, and Christa Testerink. "Phenotyping Tomato Root Developmental Plasticity in Response to Salinity in Soil Rhizotrons." Plant Phenomics 2021 (January 20, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/2760532.
Full textAbstract:
Plants have developed multiple strategies to respond to salt stress. In order to identify new traits related to salt tolerance, with potential breeding application, the research focus has recently been shifted to include root system architecture (RSA) and root plasticity. Using a simple but effective root phenotyping system containing soil (rhizotrons), RSA of several tomato cultivars and their response to salinity was investigated. We observed a high level of root plasticity of tomato seedlings under salt stress. The general root architecture was substantially modified in response to salt, especially with respect to position of the lateral roots in the soil. At the soil surface, where salt accumulates, lateral root emergence was most strongly inhibited. Within the set of tomato cultivars, H1015 was the most tolerant to salinity in both developmental stages studied. A significant correlation between several root traits and aboveground growth parameters was observed, highlighting a possible role for regulation of both ion content and root architecture in salt stress resilience.
26
Simons, Marco, Hjalmar P. Permentier, Letty A. de Weger, Carel A. Wijffelman, and Ben J. J. Lugtenberg. "Amino Acid Synthesis Is Necessary for Tomato Root Colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain WCS365." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 1 (January 1997): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.1.102.
Full textAbstract:
In this work the bio-availability of amino acids for the root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS365 in the tomato rhizosphere was studied. The amino acid composition of axenically collected tomato root exudate was determined. The results show that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine are the major amino acid components. The concentrations of individual amino acids in the rhizosphere of gnotobiotically grown tomato plants were estimated and considered to be too low to support growth of rhizosphere micro-organisms to numbers usually found in the tomato rhizosphere. To test this experimentally, mutants of P. fluorescens WCS365 auxotrophic for the amino acids leucine, arginine, histidine, isoleucine plus valine, and tryptophan were isolated after mutagenesis with Tn5lacZ. Root tip colonization of these mutants was measured after inoculation of germinated tomato seeds and subsequent growth in a gnotobiotic quartz sand system (M. Simons, A. J. van der Bij, I. Brand, L. A. de Weger, C. A. Wijffelman, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg. 1996. Gnotobiotic system for studying rhizo-sphere colonization by plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas bacteria. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9:600–607). In contrast to the wild-type strain, none of the five amino acid auxotrophs tested was able to colonize the tomato root tip, neither alone nor after co-inoculation with the wild-type strain. However, addition of the appropriate amino acid to the system restored colonization by the auxotrophic mutants, usually to wild-type levels. Analysis of the root base showed that cells of auxotrophic mutants were still present there. The results show that, although amino acids are present in root exudate, the bio-availability of the tested amino acids is too low to support root tip colonization by auxotrophic mutants of P. fluorescens strain WCS365. The genes that are required for amino acid synthesis are therefore necessary for root colonization. Moreover, these compounds apparently play no major role as nutrients in the tomato rhizosphere.
27
Scheffknecht, Stephan, Marc St-Arnaud, Thanasan Khaosaad, Siegrid Steinkellner, and Horst Vierheilig. "An altered root exudation pattern through mycorrhization affecting microconidia germination of the highly specialized tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is not tomato specific but also occurs in Fol nonhost plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 3 (March 2007): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-015.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of root exudates from plants colonized or noncolonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on microconidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) was studied. Root exudates from the Fol-host tomato and root exudates from Fol nonhost plants were tested. Root exudates from all tested plants stimulated microconidia germination. Mycorrhization increased the stimulatory effect exhibited by the root exudates from the Fol host tomato and from all Fol nonhost plants, showing that similar changes occur in the root exudates of all plants after mycorrhization.
28
Trevizan Chiomento, José Luís, Valéria Lúcia Faotto Cavali, Rosiani Castoldi da Costa, Thomas Dos Santos Trentin, Alexandre Augusto Nienow, and Eunice Oliveira Calvete. "Performance of the root system of tomato plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and submitted to the grafting technique." Comunicata Scientiae 11 (October 5, 2020): e3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v11i.3426.
Full textAbstract:
Information about the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in grafted horticultural crops are scarce, as is the case of tomato. Therefore, we investigated if the association between AMF and the grafting technique modifies the performance of the root system of tomato plants grown on substrate. The treatments, outlined in a two-factorial scheme, were absence of inoculation and two inoculants of AMF (Rhizophagus clarus and mycorrhizal community) inserted in grafted and non-grafted tomato plants. The experiment was designed entirely at random, with five replications. The evaluations in the root system of the plants were carried out at 30 and 120 days after transplantation (DAT). Grafted plants evaluated at 30 DAT showed greater mycorrhizal colonization when cultivated with R. clarus. However, in the 120 DAT evaluation, the greatest mycorrhizal colonization was observed in non-grafted plants produced with the mycorrhizal community. At 120 DAT, the plants produced with the mycorrhizal community showed a more developed root system in relation to non-mycorrhized plants. The root system of plants non-grafted at 120 DAT was more robust when compared to grafted plants. In conclusion, the AMF-grafting interface interferes in the mycorrhizal colonization of the root system of tomato plants. The grafting technique does not improve the development of the root system. The inoculation of tomato plants with the mycorrhizal community enhances the development of roots at 120 DAT.
29
LI, Zhikun, Qing YAO, Meibiao CHEN, and Honghui ZHU. "Isolating Tomato Rhizobacteria Using Root Exuding Pectin." Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology 18, no. 1 (2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1145.2012.00147.
Full text
30
Gasim, A. A., and R. G. Hurd. "THE ROOT ACTIVITY OF FRUITING TOMATO PLANT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 190 (September 1986): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.190.29.
Full text
31
Losner-Goshen, Dalia, Graham Ben-Hod, M. Alfred Mayer, and Daniel Joel M. "ASEPTIC BROOMRAPE INFECTION OF TOMATO ROOT CULTURE." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 44, no. 2-3 (May 13, 1996): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1996.10676638.
Full textAbstract:
The parasitic plants of the genus Orobanche (broomrape) are important pathogens of numerous agricultural crops throughout the world. The understanding of biochemical mechanisms involved in the penetration of Orobanche haustorium into host root tissues faces difficulties due to the presence of microorganisms. Here we describe an aseptic in vitro system, in which normal broomrape seedlings infect host roots grown in culture, instead of the previously reported infection of intact host plants by Orobanche calli. This system is based on divided Petri plates with two different culture media: one part of the dish contains a rich medium suitable for the support of host root culture, the other part contains a medium with no organic nutrients and no hormones and is therefore suitable for infection of host roots by Orobanche. Roots that are supported by the first medium pass to the other side of the petri dish where they stimulate broomrape seed germination and are infected by the emerging broomrape seedlings.
32
González-Hernández, Ana Isabel, Loredana Scalschi, Pilar García-Agustín, and Gemma Camañes. "Exogenous Carbon Compounds Modulate Tomato Root Development." Plants 9, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070837.
Full textAbstract:
NO3− is not only a nutrient, but also a signaling compound that plays an important role in several plant processes, like root development. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of three different exogenous C compounds (sucrose, glucose, 2-oxoglutarate) added to NO3− nutrition on C/N, auxin and antioxidant metabolisms in 10-day-old tomato seedlings. Sucrose and glucose supplementation enhanced primary root (PR) length, lateral root number and root density, while 2-oxoglutarate negatively affected them. This phenomenon was accompanied by a slight increase in NRT2.1 and GS1 gene expression, together with an increase in LAX2 and LAX3 and a decrease in LAX4 in the roots growing under sucrose and glucose sources. The addition of 2-oxoglutarate enhanced the expression of NiR, GDH, PEPC1, LAX1, LAX3 and the antioxidant gene SOD Cl. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of how these C sources can modulate N uptake and C/N, auxin and antioxidant gene expression, which could be useful for improving nitrogen use efficiency.
33
Nicolás-Álvarez, D. E., J. A. Andraca-Adame, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, J. V. Méndez-Méndez, S. Cárdenas-Pérez, and A. Rodríguez-Pulido. "Evaluation of Nanomechanical Properties of Tomato Root by Atomic Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619014636.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHere, different tissue surfaces of tomato root were characterized employing atomic force microscopy on day 7 and day 21 of growth through Young's modulus and plasticity index. These parameters provide quantitative information regarding the mechanical behavior of the tomato root under fresh conditions in different locations of the cross-section of root [cell surface of the epidermis, parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb)]. The results show that the mechanical parameters depend on the indented region, tissue type, and growth time. Thereby, the stiffness increases in the cell surface of epidermal tissue with increasing growth time (from 9.19 ± 0.68 to 13.90 ± 1.68 MPa) and the cell surface of Pa tissue displays the opposite behavior (from 1.74 ± 0.49 to 0.48 ± 0.55); the stiffness of cell surfaces of Vb tissue changes from 10.60 ± 0.58 to 6.37 ± 0.53 MPa, all cases showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Viscoelastic behavior dominates the mechanical forces in the tomato root. The current study is a contribution to a better understanding of the cell mechanics behavior of different tomato root tissues during growth.
34
Faruk, MI, ML Rahman, MMM Mustafa, and IR J. Coosemans. "Dimethyl Disulfide- A Potential Biopesticide Against Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 4 (September 2, 2012): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11759.
Full textAbstract:
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), the natural biopesticide extracted from Allium spp., was evaluated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in greenhouse pot culture. All concentrations of DMDS viz. 30 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml and Aldicarb @ 2g per square meter of soil were effective against root-knot disease under both wet and dry conditions of soil. Nematode incidence was reduced drastically by higher dose of DMDS and Aldicarb @ 2g but did not accelerate vegetative growth of tomato plant especially when tomato seedlings were transplanted immediately after soil treatment. Low concentration of DMDS (30 ml per square meter of soil) was found appropriate for controlling root-knot nematode of tomato, accelerating saprophytic nematode population in soil and also enhancing vegetative growth of tomato plant under dry condition of soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11759 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 685-695, December 2011
35
He, Hua, and Xiao Hua Yi. "Effect of Root Zone Aeration on the Growth of Film-Mulched Tomato in Greenhouse." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1087.
Full textAbstract:
Due to film-mulched cultivation and poor irrigation practices, low oxygen stress could be often caused in root zone in greenhouse, and has negative effects on crops growth. In this study, a barrel experiment was conducted to probe the effects of root zone aeration on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) leaves, root systems and biomass accumulation, using calcium peroxide (CaO2) as oxygen release agent. The results show that i) root zone aeration has little effect on the number of leaves and leave chlorophyll content, while reduces leaf areas of per leave and per plant, ii) root zone aeration could promote the growth and development of roots through increasing the volume, absorption area, specific surface area and total length of tomato roots and iii) root zone aeration raises the biomass of tomato plants, which mainly manifests in the increase of stems and leaves, especially in leaves.
36
Maloney, G. S., K. T. DiNapoli, and G. K. Muday. "The anthocyanin reduced Tomato Mutant Demonstrates the Role of Flavonols in Tomato Lateral Root and Root Hair Development." PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 166, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 614–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.240507.
Full text
37
Baidya, Suraj, Ram Devi Timila, Ram Bahadur KC, Hira Kaji Manandhar, and Chetana Manandhar. "Management of Root Knot Nematode on Tomato through Grafting Root Stock of Solanum sisymbriifolium." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 3 (May 8, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v3i1.17272.
Full textAbstract:
The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) are difficult to manage once established in the field because of their wide host range, and soil-borne nature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the use of resistant root stock of wild brinjal (Solanum sisymbriifolium) to reduce the loss caused by the nematodes on tomato. For the management of root-knot nematodes, grafted plant with resistant root stock of the wild brinjal was tested under farmers’ field conditions at Hemza of Kaski district. Grafted and non-grafted plants were produced in root-knot nematode-free soil. Around three week-old grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were transplanted in four different plastic tunnels where root-knot nematodes had been reported previously. The plants were planted in diagonal position to each other as a pair plot in 80 × 60 cm2 spacing in an average of 20 × 7 m2 plastic tunnels. Galling Index (GI) was recorded three times in five randomly selected plants in each plot at 60 days intervals. The first observation was recorded two months after transplanting. Total fruit yield was recorded from same plants. In the grafted plants, the root system was totally free from gall whereas in an average of 7.5 GI in 0-10 scale was recorded in the non-grafted plants. Fruits were harvested from time to time and cumulated after final harvest to calculate the total fruit yield. It was estimated that on an average tomato fruit yield was significantly (P>0.05) increased by 37 percent in the grafted plants compared with the non-grafted plants. Grafting technology could be used effectively for cultivation of commonly grown varieties, which are susceptible to root-knot nematodes in disease prone areas. This can be used as an alternative technology for reducing the use of hazardous pesticides for enhancing commercial organic tomato production.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 27-31
38
Hussien, Rania A. A., Mai M. A. Gnedy, Ali A. S. Sayed, Ahmed Bondok, Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah, Amr Elkelish, and Moataz M. Tawfik. "Evaluation of the Fungicidal Effect of Some Commercial Disinfectant and Sterilizer Agents Formulated as Soluble Liquid against Sclerotium rolfsii Infected Tomato Plant." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243542.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease leading to the death of infected plants. The effect of some commercial antiseptics and disinfectant agents, such as chloroxylenol (10%), phenic (10%) and formulated phenol (7%) on the control of root rot pathogen and its impact on growth and chemical constituents of tomato seedlings cv. Castle Rock were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal activity was measured in vitro following the poisoned food technique at different concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 µL/L. Disinfectant agents and atrio (80%) were tested in vivo by soaking 20-day-old tomato seedlings in four concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µL/100 mL water for 5 min and thereafter planting in soil infested by S. rolfsii. Fresh and dry weight, shoot and root length, and chemical constituents of tomato seedlings infected by S. rolfsii were investigated at 35 days after planting (DAP). Experimental results indicated that chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective on fungus in vitro, recorded an effective concentration (EC50 = 1347.74 µL/L) followed by phenic (10%) (EC50 = 1370.52 µL/L) and formulated phenol (7%) (EC50 = 1553.59 µL/L). In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight. Additionally, it significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total carbohydrates, total proteins, and total phenols. The highest reduction of root rot incidence and increase tomato growth parameters, as well as chemical compositions, were recorded on tomato seedlings treated with atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations, followed by chloroxylenol (10%) at 125 and 250 µL/100 mL, whereas phenic (10%) was found to be the least effective treatment. Therefore, the application of formulated phenol (7%) could be commercially used to control tomato root rot diseases and increase the quality and quantity of tomato plants since it is promising against the pathogen, safe, and less expensive than fungicides.
39
(Lahkim), Leah Tsror, and Abraham Nachmias. "SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROOT SYSTEM IN VERTICILLIUM WILT TOLERANCE IN POTATO AND RESISTANCE IN TOMATO." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 4 (May 13, 1995): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676618.
Full textAbstract:
Reciprocal (susceptible/resistant) grafting experiments were used to determine whether the root is the major site of resistance to Verticillium wilt disease in tomato and tolerance in potato. Increased resistance/tolerance was seen in both species when the resistant cultivar served as rootstock. In potato, however, stem-dipping experiments indicated that tolerance was independent of the root. In experiments designed to determine whether a major gene plays a role in Verticillium wilt tolerance in potato, tomato races 1 and 2 of V. dahliae did not show differential pathogenicity on tolerant potato cultivars inoculated by the root-dip method. The results indicate that the root system plays an important role in the defense mechanisms to Verticillium wilt both in tomato and potato.
40
Xie, Limeng, Patricia Klein, Kevin Crosby, and John Jifon. "A Genotyping-by-sequencing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–based Map and Genetic Analysis of Root Traits in an Interspecific Tomato Population." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, no. 6 (November 2019): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04565-19.
Full textAbstract:
Roots impact plants’ capacity to absorb water and nutrients and thus play a vital role in tolerance to drought, salinity, and nutrient stress. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) breeding programs, wild tomato species have been commonly used to increase disease resistance and fruit quality and yield. However, tomato has seldom been bred for water/nutrient use efficiency or resilience to abiotic stress. Meanwhile, little knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in tomato is available. In this study, a mapping population consisting of 181 F2 progenies derived from a cross between an advanced breeding line RvT1 (S. lycopersicum) and a wild species Lche4 (Solanum cheesmaniae) was evaluated for root and shoot traits in the greenhouse. Root phenotypes were studied for the early seedling stage. Heritability estimates show that root traits are moderately or highly heritable. Root mass was highly correlated with root size (length, surface area, and volume). Shoot mass and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were moderately correlated with root mass and size. Genotyping-by-sequencing was applied to discover single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seven hundred and forty-two SNPs were successfully mapped, and a medium-dense linkage map was created that covered 1319.47 centimorgans (cM) with an average distance of 1.78 cM between adjacent markers. Using composite interval mapping, multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and nonparametric mapping, 29 QTLs were identified for 12 root and shoot traits on eight chromosomes. Those QTLs of major and minor effect were involved in the differences among the F2 population. Two QTL hotspot regions associated with root mass, size, shoot mass and SPAD were identified on chromosomes 1 and 4, which was consistent with the correlation among traits. Five QTLs for shoot length and eight QTLs for SPAD were accounting for 40.01% and 55.53% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs were associated with 18.26% of the total variation for specific root length. The wild parent Lche4 has been characterized as a potential genetic donor of higher specific root length and might be a good parent to modify the root system of cultivated tomato.
41
Zhang, Geng, Zhixin Li, Jie Cheng, Xianfeng Cai, Fei Cheng, Yanjie Yang, and Zhengnan Yan. "Morphological and Physiological Traits of Greenhouse-Grown Tomato Seedlings as Influenced by Supplemental White Plus Red versus Red Plus Blue LEDs." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102450.
Full textAbstract:
The relatively low light intensity during autumn–winter or early spring and inclement weather such as rain or fog may lead to extended production periods and decreased quality of greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings. To produce high-quality tomato seedlings rapidly, the influences of supplementary lights with different spectra on the morphological and physiological traits of tomato seedlings were measured in a greenhouse. Supplemental lighting with the same daily light integrals (DLI) of 3.6 mol m−2d−1 was provided by white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), white plus red (WR) LEDs, and red plus blue (RB) LEDs, respectively, and tomato seedlings grown under only sunlight irradiation were regarded as the control. Our results demonstrate that raised DLI by supplementary light improved the growth and development of greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings, regardless of the spectral composition. Under conditions with the equal DLI, the tomato seedlings grown under supplementary WR LEDs with a red to blue light ratio (R:B ratio) of 1.3 obtained the highest values of the shoot and root fresh weights, net photosynthetic rate, and total chlorophyll content. The best root growth and highest root activity of tomato seedlings were also found under the supplementary WR LEDs. Supplementary WR LEDs remarkably increased the stem firmness of the greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings, and increased the starch content in the leaves of greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings compared to the control. However, statistically significant differences did not occur in the sucrose, carotenoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities among the different supplemental lighting treatments. In conclusion, supplemental LED lighting could promote the growth and development of greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings grown under insufficient sunlight conditions. In addition, WR LEDs could obtain tomato seedlings with a higher net photosynthetic rate, higher root activity, and higher starch content compared with other treatments, which could be applied as supplementary lights in greenhouse-grown tomato seedlings grown in seasons with insufficient light.
42
Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., and M. K. Hausbeck. "Resistance in Tomato and Wild Relatives to Crown and Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora capsici." Phytopathology® 100, no. 6 (June 2010): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-6-0619.
Full textAbstract:
Phytophthora capsici causes root, crown, and fruit rot of tomato, a major vegetable crop grown worldwide. The objective of this study was to screen tomato cultivars and wild relatives of tomato for resistance to P. capsici. Four P. capsici isolates were individually used to inoculate 6-week-old seedlings (1 g of P. capsici-infested millet seed per 10 g of soilless medium) of 42 tomato cultivars and wild relatives of tomato in a greenhouse. Plants were evaluated daily for wilting and death. All P. capsici isolates tested caused disease in seedlings but some isolates were more pathogenic than others. A wild relative of cultivated tomato, Solanum habrochaites accession LA407, was resistant to all P. capsici isolates tested. Moderate resistance to all isolates was identified in the host genotypes Ha7998, Fla7600, Jolly Elf, and Talladega. P. capsici was frequently recovered from root and crown tissue of symptomatic inoculated seedlings but not from leaf tissue or asymptomatic or control plants. The phenotype of the recovered isolate matched the phenotype of the inoculum. Pathogen presence was confirmed in resistant and moderately resistant tomato genotypes by species-specific polymerase chain reaction of DNA from infected crown and root tissue. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms of tomato genotypes showed a lack of correlation between genetic clusters and susceptibility to P. capsici, indicating that resistance is distributed in several tomato lineages. The results of this study create a baseline for future development of tomato cultivars resistant to P. capsici.
43
Urlić, Branimir, Marko Runjić, Katja Žanić, Marija Mandušić, Gabriela Vuletin Selak, Igor Pasković, and Gvozden Dumičić. "Effect of partial root-zone drying on grafted tomato in commercial greenhouse." Horticultural Science 47, No. 1 (March 31, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2018-hortsci.
Full textAbstract:
For two years, the tomatoes (cv. ‘Belle’ and ‘Clarabella’), ungrafted, self-grafted and grafted onto the ‘He-man’ rootstock, were grown under two irrigation regimes, i.e., partial-root zone drying (PRD) and fully irrigated (FI), to investigate whether grafting can alleviate drought stress and promote water-use efficiency (WUE). The grafted plants under the FI regime had the highest vegetative growth, which was the result of more leaves and greater leaf area and were only significantly different from the PRD grown ungrafted plants. The grafted plants had the highest yield as a result of the greater number of larger fruits and the yield did not differ between the irrigation treatments. No differences were found in the leaf NPK concentrations, while the Ca and Mg were higher under the PRD regime. The ungrafted plants under the PRD regime had the highest total soluble solids and acidity in the fruit juice. The grafted plants had a significantly higher WUE, more pronounced in the PRD regime. The different types of irrigation did not influence the vegetative growth and the yield in the greenhouse grown grafted tomato. The PRD and rootstock effects should be additionally investigated with deficit irrigation.
44
Nombela, Gloria, Valerie M. Williamson, and Mariano Muñiz. "The Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Gene Mi-1.2 of Tomato Is Responsible for Resistance Against the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 7 (July 2003): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.7.645.
Full textAbstract:
The tomato gene Mi-1.2 confers resistance against root-knot nematodes and some isolates of potato aphid. Resistance to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci previously has been observed in Mi-bearing commercial tomato cultivars, suggesting that Mi, or a closely linked gene, is responsible for the resistance. The response of two biotypes of B. tabaci to tomato carrying the cloned Mi was compared with that of the isogenic untransformed tomato line Moneymaker. Our results indicate that Mi-1.2 is responsible for the resistance in tomato plants to both B- and Q- biotypes. Mi-1.2 is unique among characterized resistance genes in its activity against three very different organisms (root-knot nematodes, aphids, and whiteflies). These pests are among the most important on tomato crops worldwide, making Mi a valuable resource in integrated pest management programs.
45
Aimé, Sébastien, Claude Alabouvette, Christian Steinberg, and Chantal Olivain. "The Endophytic Strain Fusarium oxysporum Fo47: A Good Candidate for Priming the Defense Responses in Tomato Roots." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 8 (August 2013): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-12-0290-r.
Full textAbstract:
The protective Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 is effective in controlling Fusarium wilt in tomato. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of direct antagonism and involvement of induced resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether priming of plant defense responses is a mechanism by which Fo47 controls Fusarium wilt. An in vitro design enabled inoculation of the tap root with Fo47 and the pathogenic strain (Fol8) at different locations and different times. The expression levels of six genes known to be involved in tomato defense responses were quantified using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Three genes—CHI3, GLUA, and PR-1a—were overexpressed in the root preinoculated with Fo47, and then challenged with Fol8. The genes GLUA and PR-1a were upregulated in cotyledons after inoculation of Fo47. Fungal growth in the root was assessed by qPCR, using specific markers for Fo47 and Fol8. Results showed a reduction of the pathogen growth in the root of the tomato plant preinoculated with Fo47. This study demonstrated that priming of tomato defense responses is one of the mechanisms of action of Fo47, which induces a reduced colonization of the root by the pathogen.
46
Sainju, Upendra M., Syed Rahman, and Bharat P. Singh. "Evaluating Hairy Vetch Residue as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Tomato in Soilless Medium." HortScience 36, no. 1 (February 2001): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.1.90.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) residue (100 g/plant) to supply N and to increase yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was compared with that of N fertilization (0, 4.1, and 8.2 g/plant N) in a medium containing a mixture of 3 perlite: 1 vermiculite in a greenhouse and a lathhouse. Hairy vetch residue did not interact with N fertilization in affecting tomato yield and medium N concentration. In the greenhouse, leaf dry weight, leaf and stem N uptake, total (fruit + stem + leaf + root) dry weight and N uptake of tomato, and NH4+ and inorganic N concentrations in the medium at transplanting were significantly greater with than without residue. In the lathhouse, fruit number, fresh and dry yields and N uptake, leaf, stem, and root dry weights and N uptake, root length, total dry weight and N uptake of tomato, and NH4+, NO3-, and inorganic N concentrations in the medium at transplanting, and inorganic N at harvest were greater with than without residue. Nitrogen fertilization increased fruit number, fresh and dry yields and N uptake, stem, leaf, and root dry weights and N uptake, root length, and total dry weight and N uptake. The residue was as effective in increasing fresh fruit yield, total dry weight, and N uptake as was 4.4 to 7.9 g/plant of N fertilizer. Tomato yield and N uptake per unit amount of N supplied was greater for the residue than for N fertilization, suggesting that hairy vetch residue can be effectively used as N fertilizer for tomato production.
47
Irmawatie, Lilis, Raden Rubi Robana, and Nuraidah Nuraidah. "Ketahanan Tujuh Varietas Tomat terhadap Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.)." Agrotechnology Research Journal 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v3i2.30392.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Tomato is an annual plant that has high vitamin content and it was widely used by the general people and industry. At present the productivity is still low. One of the causes is the attack of <em>Meloidogyne. </em>The objective of this research was to test resistance of several tomatoe varieties to root knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.). Seven tomato varieties had been tested for resistance to <em>Meloidogyne</em>. Plants that were 45 days after planting in a <em>polybag</em> containing 5 kg of soil were infested with second stage larvae (L2). The parameters observed were plant height, number of knots, final population, fruit weight and canopy wet weight and root wet weight. The results showed that none of the tomatoe varieties tested were resistant to <em>Meloidogyne</em>. But there were differences in responses to the <em>Meloidogyne </em>attack including the Ratna variety and Diamond variety showing the lower number of knot and the final population <em>Meloidogyne</em>.</p>
48
MASSON, JEAN, ANDRÉ GOSSELIN, and NICOLAS TREMBLAY. "EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-148.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling
49
Wang, Jingwei, Yuan Li, and Wenquan Niu. "Deficit Alternate Drip Irrigation Increased Root-Soil-Plant Interaction, Tomato Yield, and Quality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030781.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the soil mechanism in root-zone caused by water saving and the production response to alternate drip irrigation (ADI), the present study investigated the effects of deficit ADI on tomato growth using the conventional surface drip irrigation (CDI) as a control. The interactions among the experimental treatments on root index, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass accumulation, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were assessed and the inner mechanism of root-soil effecting on tomato growth, photosynthate distribution, yield and quality was discussed. ADI significantly enhanced root-soil interaction, promoted soil nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by tomato and tomato growth. However, different soil moisture deficits significantly affected tomato photosynthate accumulation and distribution, as well as fruit quality. With irrigation amount of 50% field capacity (F), ADI significantly increased soluble sugar, total soluble solid and lycopene by 38.08%, 19.48% and 30.05%, respectively, compared to those of CDI, but decreased irrigation amounts by 29.86% in comparison with the CDI one. ADI of 70% F could significantly distribute more photosynthate to fruits, thus enhanced tomato yields by 24.6% and improved IWUE by 17.05% compared to that of CDI. In addition, ADI of 70% F improved tomato fruits quality, and in particular organic acid was decreased by 43.75% and sugar-acid ratio was increased by 97% compared to CDI. However, ADI of 60% F distributed more photosynthate to plant, showing no significant difference of yields in comparison with CDI and ADI of 70% F, but a higher IWUE by 19.54% than that of CDI. ADI of 60% F significantly enhanced soluble sugar, total soluble solid, soluble protein, lycopene and sugar-acid ratio in tomato fruits by 2.06, 1.26, 1.61, 1.4 and 3.2 times respectively compared to CDI. Therefore, ADI of 60% or 70% F can be overall recommended for tomato production in a greenhouse, plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and IWUE.
50
Bolwerk, Annouschka, Anastasia L. Lagopodi, Ben J. J. Lugtenberg, and Guido V. Bloemberg. "Visualization of Interactions Between a Pathogenic and a Beneficial Fusarium Strain During Biocontrol of Tomato Foot and Root Rot." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 7 (July 2005): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0710.
Full textAbstract:
The soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici causes tomato foot and root rot (TFRR), which can be controlled by the addition of the nonpathogenic fungus F. oxysporum Fo47 to the soil. To improve our understanding of the interactions between the two Fusarium strains on tomato roots during biocontrol, the fungi were labeled using different autofluorescent proteins as markers and subsequently visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results were as follows. i) An at least 50- fold excess of Fo47over F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was required to obtain control of TFRR. ii) When seedlings were planted in sand infested with spores of a single fungus, Fo47 hyphae attached to the root earlier than those of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. iii) Subsequent root colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was faster and to a larger extent than that by Fo47. iv) Under disease-controlling conditions, colonization of tomato roots by the pathogenic fungus was significantly reduced. v) When the inoculum concentration of Fo47 was increased, root colonization by the pathogen was arrested at the stage of initial attachment to the root. vi) The percentage of spores of Fo47 that germinates in tomato root exudate in vitro is higher than that of the pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Based on these results, the mechanisms by which Fo47 controls TFRR are discussed in terms of i) rate of spore germination and competition for nutrients before the two fungi reach the rhizoplane; ii) competition for initial sites of attachment, intercellular junctions, and nutrients on the tomato root surface; and iii) inducing systemic resistance.