Academic literature on the topic 'Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892-1973)'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892-1973)"

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O'Brien, Roderick. "J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973) : bases des oeuvres de Tolkien : son art et ses sources." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21025.

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Dans toute son œuvre, et en particulier dans le seigneur des anneaux, le monde fantastique crée par Tolkien reflète sa philosophie de l'art. La première partie de la thèse cherche à analyser cette philosophie de l'art, dont le noyau est la "subcreation" : parallèlement à la création divine existe, selon Tolkien, une "subcreation" qui est l'œuvre de l'artiste. A travers cette "sub-creation", Tolkien parvient à forger un réalisme fantastique, une nouvelle sorte de vérité. Il y arrive grâce à l'alliance entre des formes littéraires traditionnelles (quête, aventures héroïques, contes de fées, légendes) et des inventions personnelles (monde du "middle-earth"). Devant cette création littéraire basée sur un mélange d'érudition et d'invention on se demande à quel type de lecteur Tolkien a voulu s'adresser : enfant ou adulte ? La deuxième partie étudie les sources qui ont nourri l'œuvre de Tolkien, en tentant de différencier entre les mythes, les légendes et les contes de fées. Cette partie renforce l'idée que Tolkien, homme d'une profonde érudition, travaille, certes, dans la lignée d'une grande tradition, mais en y apportant une autre dimension, une empreinte originale et personnelle. La troisième partie évalue l'utilisation de l'expérience personnelle dans l'œuvre de Tolkien : Tolkien est un homme du vingtième siècle et le monde transparait forcement à travers ses récits. Cette partie de l'étude porte non seulement sur les racines de l'auteur et la place de l'histoire contemporaine dans son œuvre, mais aussi sur ses motivations fondamentales - la religion, l'amitié et l'amour. En conclusion on peut dire que dans sa littérature "fantastique" Tolkien n'a pas esquivé le monde réel tel qu'il est, mais a souhaité le déguiser pour pouvoir mieux parler de la réalité tel qu'il la conçoit
In all his works, and in particular in the lord of the rings, the fantasy world created by Tolkien reflects his philosophy of art. The first part of the thesis seeks to analyze this philosophy of art, of which the kernel is "sub-creation»: parallel to divine creation there is, according to Tolkien, a sub-creation which is the artist's work. By means of this sub-creation Tolkien is able to create a fantastic realism, a new sort of truth. He manages this by using a blend of traditional literary forms (quest, heroic adventures, fairy-stories, legends) and personal inventions (world of "middle-earth"). If one considers this literary creation based on a mixture of erudition and invention, it may be wondered which type of reader Tolkien wished to address: child or adult? The second part studies the sources that nourished Tolkien’s works, by attempting to differentiate between myths, legends and fairy-stories. This part reinforces the idea that Tolkien, who was highly erudite, indeed follows a great tradition, but he also adds to it another dimension, thereby leaving his own personal and original mark on the traditional material. The aim of part three is to evaluate the use of personal experience in Tolkien’s works: Tolkien is a twentieth-century man and so inevitably this world is reflected in his tales. This part of the study is not only about the author's roots and the place of contemporary history in his work, but also his fundamental motivations - religion, friendship and love. In conclusion it may be said that in his "fantasy" books, Tolkien did not evade the real world as it is, but wished to disguise it so as to speak more effectively about reality as he perceives it
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Syme, Margaret Ruth. "Tolkien as gospel writer." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=43459.

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To the extent that Tolkien's fantasy meets his own criteria for faL. ie as the "eucatastrophic " tale which points toward "Evangelium," the eschaton when God's plan in creation will be fulfilled and the effects of the fall overcome, Tolkien may be described as a gospel writer. That he intended his work to be read as "gospel," "the good news of the Kingdom of God," is suggested by its allusions to biblical and classical mythology, its linear view of history, its presentation as a compilation of received tradition. collected and translated by many hands from a wide variety of sources, by the location of Middle Earth in the distant past of our own world and by the author's attempt to create a world which comforms to familiar patterns of evolution. Less successful is his effort to provide his tale with a consistent Christian point of view.
Dans la mesure, cette oeuvre d'imagination repond aux crit6res de f6erie de Tolkien en tant que conte "eucatastrophic" qui montre le chemin vers "I'Evangelium", cette eschatalogie qui se situe au moment o0 la volontê de Dieu est accomplie et les effets de la chute sont surmontes, Tolkien peut etre. considers comme un auteur biblique. Le fait qu'il est voulu que son oeuvre soit lue en tant qu'"&angile", "la bonne nouvelle du Royaunie de Dieu" est suggêre par diffèrentes choses: les allusions faites a la mythologie biblique et classique, la vision linêaire de l'histoire, la presentation du texte en tant que compilation d'une tradition provenant de sources diverses, transmise, recueillie et traduite par diffèrentes personnes, la situation geographique dans "Middle earth"(l'empire du Milieu) dans un passé lointain, le fait que l'auteur ait essay6 de crêer un monde conforme au processus connu de l'êvolution. 10anmoins l'auteur n'a pas rêussi dans ce conte a maintenir un point de vue chrêtien. fr
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Dudley, Cynthia. "Christian heroism in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61875.

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Hopkins-Utter, Shane. ""An echo of an echo" : J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth as elegiac romance." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79947.

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Tolkien's aesthetic enjoyment of distance and antiquity in literature, his interest in the power of imagination, and his use of medieval romances and ancient fairy-tales as a means of rediscovering an enchanted vision of the world are analogous to the literary endeavours of the Romantics. Like them, he perceives that the real world is inherently different from how he imagines an ideal world. This thesis discovers that Tolkien's writings correspond in numerous ways to the modern form of elegiac romance, most notably because of their positive portrayals of mortality, and their depictions of intense yearning. The moral imperative to accept death, exemplified by the heroic ethos of Old English literature, clarifies why the effect of historicity is often noted in Tolkien's fictions: time is mimetic rather than mythological. Tolkien demonstrates that Fantasy is capable of reflecting the most sombre issues of the real world, particularly the inevitability of death.
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Ducreux, François. "L'espace imaginaire dans les œuvres de J. R. R. Tolkien : The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, Unfinished tales." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040102.

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Ce travail est une classification topologique de l'univers imaginaire d'Arda selon les critères de l'analyse archétypale. La première partie analyse le mythe cosmogonique puis la géographie d'Arda et son évolution vers celle du monde actuel. Middle-Earth est présentée à la lumière des "régimes" symboliques de l'image définis par Durand. L'imagerie aquatique est marquée du schème diairetique et des images de mort. De même, la montagne (pic ou chaine) est obstacle, rarement franchissable par l'ascension, d'où la traversée de passages souterrains aux connotations infernales. On note une plus grande recherche dans les paysages dominés par le mal dont la représentation était capitale pour Tolkien. Les images d'intimité sont plus rares. L'espace sylvestre est privilégié. L'arbre s'y révèle un symbole capital. L'étude des demeures et autres lieux d'habitation montre que les villes représentent l'aménagement de sites naturels et sont dominées par un souci de protection : enceintes multiples ou situation souterraine. Les cycles de vie-mort-résurrection sont très nombreux. Les annexes présentent quelques jalons pour une étude de l'évolution cartographique d'Arda
This work is a topological classification of the imaginary universe of Arda according to the criteria of archetypal analysis. The first part analyses the cosmogonic myth, the geography of Arda and its evolution towards present day earth. Middle-earth is put under the light of the symbolic "regimes" of imagination defined by Durand. Water imagery deeply emphasizes the diairetic scheme and images of death. Mountains (peaks or chains) are obstacles which can rarely be climbed up successfully. Thence the crossing through dark subterranean passages endowed with infernal connotations. One can remark a more deeply "felt" description of landscapes dominated by evil whose delineation was highly important for Tolkien. Images of intimacy are rarer. Wooded spaces are rather privileged. The tree turns out to be a very potent symbol in Tolkien’s works. The study of all forms of housing shows towns and cities represent the development of natural sites and are marked by a profound desire for protection expressed through multiple walls or enclosures or their underground situation. The cycles of life-death-resurrection are numerous. Annexes give a few guidelines for a study of the cartographic evolution of Arda
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Brémont, Aurélie. "Les Celtes en Terre-du-Milieu : inspirations celtiques dans les œuvres de J.R.R Tolkien." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040151.

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Plus de cinquante ans après la publication de son chef d’œuvre Le Seigneur des Anneaux, Tolkien est un auteur qui fascine toujours, bien au-delà de l’engouement passager qu’on pourrait attribuer à un auteur de littérature fantastique. L’intérêt des chercheurs n’est pas moindre que celui des lecteurs et l’univers fictif que Tolkien a créé, et que l’on découvre notamment dans les volumes de The History of Middle-earth, recèle encore bien des secrets. Parmi ceux-ci se trouve l’importance de la culture celtique. Longtemps délaissée au profit des Anglo-Saxons dont Tolkien avait fait sa spécialité, cette dernière commence à faire valoir ses droits avec des auteurs comme Marjorie Burns ou Verlyn Flieger et cette recherche s’y consacre entièrement. Le premier axe d’exploration fait coïncider la mythologie irlandaise et la mythologie tolkienienne pour préciser la parenté entre les Tûatha Dé Dânann et les Elfes. En s’appuyant sur les théories de Dumézil appliquées aux Celtes par Leroux et Guyonvarc’h, tous les aspects de la civilisation celtique (organisation sociale et militaire, principes religions et activités magiques) sont étudiés d’après les textes mythologiques et mis en parallèle avec les récits de la Terre du Milieu. La partie centrale s’intéresse quant à elle à la littérature médiévale, qu’elle soit poésie irlandaise et bretonne ou légende arthurienne. On a ainsi l’occasion de découvrir certains textes moins connus de Tolkien et de résoudre l’épineuse question de la place du roi Arthur dans les sources du Seigneur des Anneaux. Enfin, la dernière partie de cet ouvrage étudie les influences de style et de narration de la littérature dite celtique dans l’écriture de Tolkien, puis les conséquences de la parenté galloise d’un des langages elfiques dans la composition des contes de la Terre du Milieu. Un prologue et un épilogue encadrent cette recherche en replaçant les influences celtiques dans la problématique plus générale du projet de Tolkien de créer une mythologie pour son pays
Though fifty years have passed since the publication of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien is still an object of fascination, way beyond what could be expected from a fantasy writer. The interest is as high in the scholarly world as it is in the reading world and the universe Tolkien created, which is now fully laid out in The History of Middle-earth, is still full of secrets. Among those is the question of the importance of Celtic influences. Long cast aside because of the predominance of the Saxon ancestry of which Tolkien was a specialist, this culture starts to be acknowledged as important with such scholars as Marjorie Burns or Verlyn Flieger, and it is the object of this thesis. The first track of exploration puts together the Irish mythology and that of Tolkien to underline the connection between the Tuatha De Danann and the Elves. On the basis of Dumezil’s theories as they have been applied to Celtic culture by Leroux and Guyonvarc’h, every aspect of the Celtic civilisation (social, military, religious, magical) is laid out from the texts and compared to the tales of Middle earth. The central part of the research deals with medieval literature, be it Irish and Breton poetry or Arthurian legends. It gives the opportunity to discover some of Tolkien’s less famous texts and to answer the delicate problem of the place of Arthur and his world in the inspirations of The Lord of the Rings. Finally, the last two chapters presented here focus on the style and narration that are typical of Celtic literature to see if they can be found under Tolkien’s pen, and on the consequences of the Welsh lineage for Sindarin in the portraying and legends of the Sindarin people. A prologue and an epilogue frame this thesis by placing Celtic influences in the larger question of the invention of a mythology for England, which was Tolkien’s attempt
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Birks, Annie. "La rétribution dans l’œuvre de J. R. R. Tolkien." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040125.

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L’objet de cette thèse est de repérer une logique rétributive dans l’œuvre de J. R. R. Tolkien. La définition du terme rétribution qui a été retenue est celle du Vocabulaire de théologie biblique, à savoir le fait de « recevoir récompense ou châtiment selon ce qu’on a fait ». L’observation de la trajectoire des personnages–clés et des peuples permet de constater une grande cohérence dans le traitement de la rétribution, cohérence qui fait ressortir le soubassement profondément chrétien de l’auteur. Sont placées au cœur de cette étude ses œuvres majeures, Le Silmarillion, Bilbo le Hobbit et Le Seigneur des Anneaux, ainsi que les deux contes Feuille, de Niggle et Smith de Grand Wootton
The object of this thesis is to identify a retributive logic in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. The definition adopted for the concept of retribution is that found in the Vocabulaire de Théologie Biblique, i. E. « receiving a reward or a punishment according to what has been done ». The observation of the key-characters and peoples shows great coherence in the treatment of retribution and highlights Tolkien’s Christian faith. The investigation mainly focuses on The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and also on the two short stories Leaf by Niggle and Smith of Wootton Major
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Caland, Fabienne Claire. "Seuils, passages, parole : Les lieux initiatiques dans "The lord of the rings" (Tolkien), "Paradise lost" (Milton) et "Inferno" (Dante)." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMOA015.

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Le voyage que ce soit dans l'espace, le temps ou la hierarchie sociale, est l'un des themes fondamentaux de la litterature. Pour mettre en evidence la relation intime entre l'etre et sa traversee, trois types de voyage ont retenu notre attention : proposes par tolkien, milton et dante, les voyages litteraires issus de la culture judeo-chretienne nous entrainent du xiveme siecle pour le poeme de dante au xxeme siecle pour le roman de tolkien. Ils ne peuvent toutefois se resumer en une lutte entre le bien et le mal ; ils sont davantage une peregrination, le parcours personnel et universel de neophytes sur la voie de l'initiation. Or, le fait d'etudier le caractere initiatique de the lord of the rings, paradise lost et inferno permet de delimiter des sequences precises en etapes evolutives pour l'individu en partance. Mais etudier ce qui se deroule entre les voyages, aller au coeur de l'espace liminal, de l'espace intermediaire, mene a une reflexion sur l'essence meme du voyage. En effet, c'est dans le lieu liminal, dans ces seuils, dans ces passages que l'essentiel se trouve : l'etre est confronte a la parole dangereuse, a celle qui dit tout, qui peut tout, qui pervertit et annihileles differences. Apprendre a dominer le verbe en maitrisant l'espace etrange et etranger, comprendre les etres qui l'habitent ou le traversent, savoir faire la distinction de la parole pernicieuse et la parole salvatrice, c'est l'enjeu du voyageur. C'est peut-etre la sa veritable quete.
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Silva, Mariana Souza e. [UNESP]. "A caracterização do feminino em The Silmarillion, de J. R. R. Tolkien." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94066.

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Esta dissertação pretende analisar a construção das personagens femininas na obra The Silmarillion, de J. R. R. Tolkien. Esse romance possui um tom fantástico, e é parte de uma mitologia criada por seu autor; as personagens possuem características que vão do humano ao divino, e a maioria delas é formada por homens predominantemente heróicos. O presente trabalho é focado nas personagens femininas da obra, e através da análise de suas descrições físicas e psicológicas, ações, características, enfim, de suas construções, objetiva determinar o modo de representação do autor, chegando-se, assim, a uma reflexão acerca da importância destas personagens na mitologia tolkieniana, à qual The Silmarillion serve como ponto inicial. Faz-se necessário, também, desvendar a influência de fatores políticos, sociais e históricos na criação e desenvolvimento destas personagens. A obra estudada relata os fatos que servem como fundo mítico à criação do mundo no qual se passa, a Terra-média. São contados os acontecimentos que deram origem a tudo, seres e ambientes, sentimentos, o Mal e sua eterna luta contra o Bem pelo poder. Pretendemos realizar este intento com o auxílio de teorias diversas, em especial a linha feminista da crítica literária que se ocupa do papel da mulher como leitora de textos de autoria masculina, como é o caso. Esperamos, também, contribuir com o crescente interesse pela obra do autor inglês, deixado à margem do cânone pela crítica especializada, para que assim se possa reconhecer a importância de sua obra em seu tempo, e também a de suas personagens femininas.
This dissertation intends to analyse the female characterization in the novel The Silmarillion, written by J. R. R. Tolkien. This novel has a fantastic tone, and it is part of a mythology created by its author; the characters have features that go from human to divine, and most of them are formed by men that act as heroes. The present study focuses on the female characters of the novel, and through the analysis of their physical and psychological descriptions, actions, features, in short, their constructions, it intends to determine the author’s way of representation; so, it will be possible to reach a reflection about the importance of these characters in the Tolkienian mythology, to which The Silmarillion figures as the initial point. It is also necessary to unmask the influence of political, social and historical factors on the creation and development of these characters. The novel gives an account on the facts that figure as a mythical background to the world where it is placed, Middle-earth. The events that were the origin to everything, beings and places, feelings, Evil and its eternal fight against Good for power, are told. We intend to achieve this goal with the support of many theories, especially the feminist trend of literary criticism that deals with the role of woman as a reader of texts written by men, as it is the case. We also wish to contribute to the growing interest on the works of the English author, who was left at the edge of the canon by the specialized critics, so that it is possible to recognize the importance of his work at his time, and also the importance of his female characters.
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Thivent, Valérie. "Le thème de la quête dans "L'enchanteur" de Rene Barjavel "The lord of the rings" de J. R. R Tolkien." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100192.

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La premiere partie est consacree aux definitions de la quete ses enjeux ne se revelent que progressivement. Les heros la comprennent differemment et utilisent un vocabulaire different a son egard. L'origine la forme et le contenu de l'objet de la quete permettent de mieux comprendre la mission des heros. Le graal et l'anneau sont l'exact oppose l'un de l'autre, et possedent des fonctions semblables ce ne sont pas les seuls intermediaires de la revelation, de nombreux objets, voire des personnages leur sont comparables. Pour les auteurs, la quete represente aussi bien un pretexte litteraire que l'illustration de leur propre recherche interieure. Dans la deuxieme partie sont etudies les personnages de la quete : les heros, les compagnons, les magiciens, les ennemis la troisieme partie suit le deroulement de la quete. Le mouvement de la quete est inverse dans les deux oeuvres : trouver le graal dans l'une, detruire l'anneau dans l'autre. Mais elles se ressemblent dans leurs epreuves et dans leurs consequences. L'une des etapes majeures est celle de la tentation. L'amour fait obstacle a la quete dans l'enchanteur. Certaines formes d'amour sont condamnees, mais lorsque l'amour atteint l'ideal, dl peut rivaliser avec le graal. La quete est etroitement liee au voyage initiatique, meme ceux qui echouent dans la quete accomplissent un parcours interieur la quatrieme partie est consacree aux significations de la quete. Il existe plusieurs formes de divin dont l'influence est importante sur la quete. La quete est source d'experiences mystiques. Elle permet egalement aux heros de s'interroger sur le sens de la vie, d'autant plus qu'elle est fortement liee a l'epreuve de la mort. La derniere partie s'interesse a l'achevement de la quete, qui est a la fois reussite et echec. Le mal ne disparait jamais entierement, chaque homme doit reconquerir son propre graal
The first part is dedicated to the definition of the quest. Its stakes appear little by little. The heroes understand it differently and use a different vocabulary to talk about it. The origin, the shape and the content of the object of the quest allow a better understanding of the quest. The grail and the, ring are exactly unlike and have similar functions. They are not the only intermediaries in the revelation, numerous objects, even characters can be compared to them. According to the authors, the quest can be either a literary pretext or the illustration of their interior quest. The object of the second part is a study of the characters of the quest : the heroes, companions, wizards, enemies. The third part deals with the progress of the quest. The aim of the quest is opposite in both books : to find the grail, in the first one, and to destroy the ring in the second one. But they are similar in their trials and consequences. One of the most important trial is the temptation. Love is an obstacle to the quest. In l'enchanteur. Some kind of love are condemned but when love achieves the ideal, it can rival with the grail. The quest is closely linked to an initiatory trip. Even those who fail in the quest live an interior journey. The fourth part is dedicated to the meanings of the quest. There are many forms of divine which have an important influence on the quest. The quest is at the origin of mystic experiences. Thanks to the quest, the heroes can ponder over the meaning of life, all the more since it is strongly linked with death. The last part is about the achievement of the quest, which is at the same time success and failure. Evil will never disappear completely. Every man must reconquer its own grail
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Books on the topic "Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892-1973)"

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Gumkowski, Marek, ed. J. R. R. Tolkien Listy. Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka, 2010.

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Tolkien, J. R. R. The letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: A selection. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.

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David, Day. Tolkien: The illustrated encyclopædia. New York: Fireside, 2001.

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Tolkien: The illustrated encyclopaedia. New York: Collier Books, 1991.

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Day, David. Tolkien: The illustrated encyclopedia. New York: Macmillan, 1991.

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David, Day. Tolkien: The illustrated encyclopedia. London: Mitchell Beazley, 1993.

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Day, David. Tolkien: The illustrated encyclopedia. London: Chancellor Press, 2001.

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Rosebury, Brian. Tolkien: A critical assessment. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1992.

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Tolkien: A cultural phenomenon. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Dalton, Russell W. Faith journey through fantasy lands: A Christian dialogue with Harry Potter, Star wars, and the Lord of the rings. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2003.

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