Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tolerance to fatigue

Academic literature on the topic 'Tolerance to fatigue'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tolerance to fatigue"

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Li, Guowei, Weijian Mi, Kailiang Lu, and Weiguo Zhang. "Reliability Analysis on Gear Contact Fatigue Strength Considering the Effect of Tolerance." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010630.

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Tolerance allocation influences product performance especially for miniature precise assembly device. The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to optimize manufacturing tolerances by combining the reliability of product performance indicators under actual working condition. The paper describes the principle and ways of tolerance handling in the finite element control equations for the displacement and stress, and then introduces the implementation of Monte-Carlo Finite Element Analysis method. We illustrate this method on a gear-tooth of port-cleaning-equipment gear pump and carry out the reliability analysis on gear contact fatigue strength considering the effect of manufacturing tolerance, and a sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify the key tolerances and improve them in order to attain the expected reliability.
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Zhang, Wenlei, Jian Hu, Hang Yang, Zhigang Suo, and Tongqing Lu. "Fatigue-resistant adhesion II: Swell tolerance." Extreme Mechanics Letters 43 (February 2021): 101182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2021.101182.

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Jones, R. "Fatigue crack growth and damage tolerance." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 37, no. 5 (February 14, 2014): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12155.

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Seo, Youngji, Silvia Ravazzani, Hyoyeun Jun, Yan Jin, Alfonsa Butera, Alessandra Mazze, and Bryan Reber. "Unintended Effects of Risk Communication: Impacts of Message Fatigue, Risk Tolerance, and Trust in Public Health Information on Psychological Reactance." Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research 4, no. 3 (October 2021): 517–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.4.3.3.

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How individuals experience unintended effects of risk messages is an understudied area. Focusing on three types of unintended effects (i.e., message fatigue, risk tolerance, and psychological reactance) associated with health risk communication, we conducted an online survey among Italian adults (N = 507) to investigate how perceived message fatigue and risk tolerance might induce psychological reactance and whether trust in public health information might mediate this relationship. Results from mediation models revealed: (a) greater message fatigue and risk tolerance increased psychological reactance; (b) greater message fatigue and risk tolerance led to distrust in government-shared health information; (c) trust in public health information mediated the effects of message fatigue and risk tolerance on psychological reactance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Gagnon, Philippe, Didier Saey, Isabelle Vivodtzev, Louis Laviolette, Vincent Mainguy, Julie Milot, Steeve Provencher, and François Maltais. "Impact of preinduced quadriceps fatigue on exercise response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 3 (September 2009): 832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91546.2008.

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Exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from a complex interaction between central (ventilatory) and peripheral (limb muscles) components of exercise limitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of quadriceps muscle fatigue on exercise tolerance and ventilatory response during constant-workrate cycling exercise testing (CWT) in patients with COPD and healthy subjects. Fifteen patients with COPD and nine age-matched healthy subjects performed, 7 days apart, two CWTs up to exhaustion at 80% of their predetermined maximal work capacity. In a randomized order, one test was performed with preinduced quadriceps fatigue and the other in a fresh state. Quadriceps fatigue was produced by electrostimulation-induced contractions and quantified by maximal voluntary contraction and potentiated twitch force (TwQpot). Endurance time and ventilatory response during CWT were compared between fatigued and fresh state. Endurance time significantly decreased in the fatigued state compared with the fresh condition in COPD (356 ± 69 s vs. 294 ± 45 s, P < 0.05) and controls (450 ± 74 s vs. 340 ± 45 s, P < 0.05). Controls showed significantly higher ventilation and end-exercise dyspnea scores in the fatigued condition, whereas, in COPD, fatigue did not influence ventilation or dyspnea during exercise. The degree of ventilatory limitation, as expressed by the V̇e/maximum voluntary ventilation ratio, was similar in both conditions in patients with COPD. We conclude that it is possible to induce quadriceps fatigue by local electrostimulation-induced contractions. Our findings demonstrate that peripheral muscle fatigue is an additional important factor, besides intense dyspnea, that limits exercise tolerance in COPD.
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Fitting, JW. "Respiratory muscle fatigue limiting physical exercise?" European Respiratory Journal 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.04010103.

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Inspiratory muscle fatigue has been documented during loaded breathing or acute respiratory failure, but its role in exercise limitation is still undetermined. Electromyographic (EMG) signs of diaphragmatic fatigue develop in normal subjects hyperventilating above 70% of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), a ventilatory level commonly attained at peak exercise. EMG signs of diaphragmatic fatigue also occur during high power cycling exercise in normal subjects and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, a loss of respiratory muscle strength has rarely been documented following strenuous physical exercise with techniques independent of the subjects' collaboration. Prior inspiratory muscle fatigue decreases exercise tolerance in normal subjects but its effect is largely unknown in COPD patients. Respiratory muscle rest by negative pressure ventilation was reported to improve exercise tolerance in COPD, but this beneficial effect was not confirmed by controlled studies. The effect of inspiratory muscle training on exercise tolerance is still undefined by existing data, in part because of differences in methods and selection criteria between studies. Although respiratory muscle fatigue may occur during exercise, it is not clearly established whether interventions directed at respiratory muscles may improve exercise tolerance in COPD.
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Shah, Dhaval B., Kaushik M. Patel, and Ruchik D. Trivedi. "Analyzing Hertzian contact stress developed in a double row spherical roller bearing and its effect on fatigue life." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2015-0082.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a method permitting the creation of a realistic model of spherical roller bearing with the aim of determining contact stress and fatigue life based on dynamic loading conditions. The paper also aims to recognize the effect of tolerance values on contact stress and fatigue life. Motion and load transmission in spherical roller bearing occurs within the assembly by elliptical curved contacting surfaces. The stress produced by the transmitted load would be very high because of least contacting area between these surfaces. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes a methodology to determine contact stress using analytically as well as finite element method for spherical roller bearing. The comparison for the both each approach for contact stress at different loading condition is carried out. Prediction of fatigue life based on dynamic loading conditions for bearing is also determined using finite element model. The effect on induced contact stress and fatigue life by varying tolerances on inner race dimensions have been found out. Findings The paper suggests that the maximum stress produces at the start or end of the contacting arc under static loading condition in spherical roller bearing. The analytical and finite element approach is in good agreement. The fatigue life prediction is useful for selecting loading conditions for various applications of double row spherical roller bearing. Tolerance level at inner ring raceway radius is kept high because of manufacturing constrain of complex curvature geometric shape. Research limitations/implications The present approach does not consider dynamic loading conditions for contact stress analysis. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to analyze the effect of wear, lubrication and other tribological aspects on bearing life. Originality/value The paper includes determination of contact stress and prediction of fatigue life for spherical roller bearing using analytical as well as finite element approach. The tolerance values at inner race are identified as per manufacturing constraint based on contact stress and fatigue life.
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Serge L, Popel. "Condition Of Membranes Of Erythrocytes Of Peripheral Blood Of Elderly People With Chronic Tiredness And Low Level Of Tolerance To Physical Load." Emergency and Nursing Management 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2179/008.

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The aim of the work is to study the osmotic stability and morpho-functional features of peripheral blood erythrocytes of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome depending on the level of tolerance to physical load (TPL) and associated risk factors. groups of factors that may be the cause, so the development of measures to eliminate them is an urgent problem today, which requires the development of effective ways to correct chronic fatigue syndrome. It is known that the peripheral part of erythron actively responds to changes that occur in the whole body after the action of various factors, including those factors that lead to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Material and Methods of Research The examination was performed on the basis of the Department of Vascular Neurology of the Central Clinical Hospital of Ivano-Frankivsk. The study involved 30 patients aged 55-65 years (mean age 60.6 + 1.2 years), who were divided into 3 groups: 1 gr. included 10 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and a high level of exercise tolerance. The 2nd group included 10 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and the average level of exercise tolerance, the composition of 3 gr. included 10 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome associated cardiovascular pathology (angina pectoris, hypertension) and low exercise tolerance (3 gr.). Results It is established that chronic fatigue syndrome proceeds in 3 phases and has natural stages of development which are characterized by three groups of etiological factors and the corresponding levels of teletransitivity to physical activity, each of which corresponds to a certain erythrocyte profile and level of osmotic stability of erythrocytes which are offered to use as prognostic and diagnostic characteristics. chronic fatigue syndrome. Conclusions The study of the quantitative composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes and hemoglobin, as well as their ratio (color index) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome on the background of low levels of exercise tolerance revealed a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin by 42% and 25%, respectively, indicating the presence of anemic hypoxia. 2. In conditions of chronic fatigue there is a decrease in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of osmotically stable erythrocytes with a gradual decrease in the concentration of NaCl solution (3.0%; 0.5%; 0.46%; 0.3%). 3. In chronic fatigue there is a deterioration of membranes in peripheral blood erythrocytes, as evidenced by a decrease in their osmotic stability and an increase in the number of irreversibly altered forms of РВЕ, as well as a decrease in peripheral blood erythrocytes, which is closely correlated with decreased tolerance to exercise.
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Fukuoka, Toshiyasu, Kaoru Tsukigase, and Keisuke Kumagai. "Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Substantiation Approach for a Regional Jet." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1688.

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The overview of the fatigue and damage tolerance substantiation approach for a 70-90 seat class regional aircraft named Mitsubishi Regional Jet, which is now under development by Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation, is presented. To comply with the new regulatory requirement for prevention from widespread fatigue damage, full-scale airplane fatigue test will be performed with simulating actual airplane structural configuration and typical loading spectra expected in service. In addition to widespread fatigue damage, damage tolerance evaluations assuming manufacturing defect or in-service damage are being performed. Hundreds of structural tests from coupon level to sub-component level are to be used to verify the material properties and analysis methodology.
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Nesterenko, Boris G., and Grigory I. Nesterenko. "Fatigue and Damage Tolerance of Aging Airplane Structures." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1669.

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The paper highlights key questions in ensuring safe operation of aging civil\transport aircraft in Russia. Presented is the analysis of current requirements to fatigue, fail-safe and damage tolerance for transport aircraft structures stated in FARs, Advisory Circulars (UAS) and Russian Airworthiness Regulations\ AR IAC Aviation Regulations. The paper gives the design goals and actual service life values\ service years of aging aircraft fleet and data on full-scaled fatigue tests, together with methods and approaches to ensure safe operation of aircraft structures in case of multiple site damages, corrosion and materials degradation for Russian aging fleet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tolerance to fatigue"

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Ristori, Vjola <1982&gt. "Fatigue and Damage Tolerance in Primary Composite Aeronautical Structures." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8045/1/Ristori_Vjola_Tesi.pdf.

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The challenging requirements set on new full composite aeronautical structures are mostly related to the demonstration of damage tolerance capability of their primary structures, required by the airworthiness bodies. And while composite-made structures inherently demonstrate exceptional fatigue properties, when put in real life working conditions, a number of external factors can lead to impact damages thus reducing drastically their fatigue resistance due to fiber delamination, disbonding or breaking. This PhD aims towards contributing to the better understanding of the behavior of the primary composite aeronautical structure after near-edge impacts which are inevitable during the service life of an aircraft. The behavior of CFRP structures after impacts in only one small piece of the big picture which is the certification of CFRP built aircraft, where several other parameters need to be evaluated in order to fulfill the airworthiness requirements. These parameters are also discussed in this PhD thesis in order to give a better understanding of the complex task of CFRP structure certification, in which behavior of the impacted structure plays an important role. An experimental and numerical campaign was carried out in order to determine the level of delamination damage in CFRP specimens after near-edge impacts. By calibrating the numerical model with experimental data, it was possible, for different configurations and energy levels, to predict the extension of a delamination in a CFRP structure and to estimate its residual static strength using a very simple but robust technique. The original contribution of this work to the analysis of CFRP structures is the creation of a model which could be applicable to wide range of thicknesses and stacking sequences of CFRP structures, thus potentially being suitable for industrial application, as well.
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Goksel, Lorens Sarim. "Fatigue and damage tolerance assessment of aircraft structure under uncertainty." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49124.

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This thesis presents a new modeling framework and application methodology for the study of aircraft structures. The framework provides a ‘cradle-to-grave’ approach to structural analysis of a component, where structural integrity encompasses all phases of its lifespan. The methodology examines the holistic structural design of aircraft components by integrating fatigue and damage tolerance methodologies. It accomplishes this by marrying the load inputs from a fatigue analysis for new design, into a risk analysis for an existing design. The risk analysis incorporates the variability found from literature, including recorded defects, loadings, and material strength properties. The methodology is verified via formal conceptualization of the structures, which are demonstrated on an actual hydraulic accumulator and an engine nacelle inlet. The hydraulic accumulator is examined for structural integrity utilizing different base materials undergoing variable amplitude loading. Integrity is accomplished through a risk analysis by means of fault tree analysis. The engine nacelle inlet uses the damage tolerance philosophy for a sonic fatigue condition undergoing both constant amplitude loading and a theoretical flight design case. Residual strength changes are examined throughout crack growth, where structural integrity is accomplished through a risk analysis of component strength versus probability of failure. Both methodologies can be applied to nearly any structural application, not necessarily limited to aerospace.
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Bailey, Stephen John. "O2 uptake kinetics as a determinant of exercise tolerance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3078.

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Oxygen uptake ( O2) kinetics determine the magnitude of the O2 deficit and the degree of metabolic perturbation and is considered to be an important determinant of exercise tolerance; however, there is limited empirical evidence to demonstrate that O2 kinetics is a direct determinant of exercise tolerance. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate O2 kinetics as a determinant of exercise tolerance and to consider its potential interaction with the maximum O2 ( O2max) and the W′ (the curvature constant of the hyperbolic power-duration relationship) in setting the tolerable duration of exercise. Recreationally-active adult humans volunteered to participate in the investigations presented in this thesis. Pulmonary O2 kinetics was assessed on a breath-by-breath basis and exercise tolerance was assessed by a time-to-exhaustion trial, with exhaustion taken as the inability to maintain the required cadence. A period of repeated sprint training (RST) resulted in faster phase II O2 kinetics (Pre: 29 ± 5, Post: 23 ± 5 s), a reduced O2 slow component (Pre: 0.52 ± 0.19, Post: 0.40 ± 0.17 L•min-1), an increased O2max (Pre: 3.06 ± 0.62, Post: 3.29 ± 0.77 L•min-1) and a 53% improvement in severe exercise tolerance. A reduced O2 slow component and enhanced exercise tolerance was also observed following inspiratory muscle training (Pre: 0.60 ± 0.20, Post: 0.53 ± 0.24 L•min-1; Pre: 765 ± 249, Post: 1061 ± 304 s, respectively), L-arginine (ARG) administration (Placebo: 0.76 ± 0.29 L•min-1 vs. ARG: 0.58 ± 0.23; Placebo: 562 ± 145 s vs. ARG: 707 ± 232 s, respectively) and dietary nitrate supplementation administered as nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) (Placebo: 0.74 ± 0.24 vs. BR: 0.57 ± 0.20 L•min-1; Placebo: 583 ± 145 s vs. BR: 675 ± 203, respectively). However, compared to a control condition without prior exercise, the completion of a prior exercise bout at 70% Δ (70% of the difference between the work rate at the gas exchange threshold [GET] and the work rate at the O2max + the work rate at the GET) with 3 minutes recovery (70-3-80) speeded overall O2 kinetics by 41% (Control: 88 ± 22 s, 70-3-80: 52 ± 13 s), but impaired exercise tolerance by 16% (Control: 437 ± 79 s, 70-3-80: 368 ± 48 s) during a subsequent exercise bout. When the recovery duration was extended to 20 minutes (70-20-80) to allow a more complete replenishment of the W′, overall kinetics was speeded to a lesser extent (by 23%; 70-20-80: 68 ± 19 s) whereas exercise performance was enhanced by 15% (70-20-80: 567 ± 125 s) compared to the control condition. In addition, the faster O2 kinetics observed when exercise was initiated with a fast start (FS; 35 ± 6 s), compared to an even start (ES; 41 ± 10 s) and slow start (SS; 55 ± 14 s) pacing strategy, allowed the achievement of O2max in a 3 minute trial and exercise performance was enhanced. Exercise performance was unaffected in a 6 minute trial with a FS, despite faster O2 kinetics, as the O2max was attained in all the variously paced trials. Therefore, the results of this thesis demonstrate that changes in exercise performance cannot be accounted for, purely, by changes in O2 kinetics. Instead, enhanced exercise performance appears to be contingent on the interaction between the factors underpinning O2 kinetics, the O2max and the W′, in support of the proposed ‘triad model’ of exercise performance.
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Alexander, Andrew M. "Exercise tolerance through the severe and extreme intensity domains." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38249.

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Master of Science
Department of Kinesiology
Thomas J. Barstow
Background and Aim: The power-duration relationship accurately predicts exercise tolerance for constant power exercise performed in the severe intensity domain. At intensities above critical power (CP), the power-duration relationship establishes a hyperbolic curve. However, the prediction of exercise tolerance is currently unclear for work rates within the extreme intensity domain (durations <2min). We hypothesized that the power-duration relationship deviates from a linear 1/time relationship for WRs within the extreme intensity domain. Methods: Six men completed nine bilateral knee-extension tests on non-consecutive days and then performed 3 exercise tests in the severe intensity domain (S1-S3; T[subscript lim]>2–15min) and 4 in the extreme domain at 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%1RM (T[subscript lim]<2min), in random order. Twitch force (Q[subscript tw]), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and voluntary activation (VA) were measured on the right vastus lateralis before and after <80s) each test; EMG was measured on the right vastus lateralis throughout each test. T[subscript lim] were plotted as a function of 1/Time. T[subscript lim] for the extreme intensities were compared to the predicted T[subscript lim] of the slope of the S1-S3 regression. Results: The r² for the severe domain 1/time model was 0.99 ± 0.007. T[subscript lim] for exercise at 60%1RM was not different than the predicted T¬lim, however, T¬lim for exercise at 70–90%1RM was shorter than the predicted T[subscript lim] (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis of the extreme domain (70–90%1RM) revealed a significant linear relationship, suggesting a W’ within the extreme domain (W’ext). T[subscript lim] of exercise at 60% 1RM was not different from the predicted value of the 1/Time relationship of the extreme domain. Q[subscript tw] and MVC were significantly decreased following exercise at S1-S3 and 60% 1RM, while no changes existed in Q[subscript tw] or MVC following exercise at 80 and 90%1RM. Further, no changes were found in VA following any exercise intensity. Conclusion: These data suggest that exercise tolerance in the extreme domain is limited by different factors than in the severe domain. However, there is a separate but measurable W’ext. Further, the factors limiting exercise in the extreme domain must be those from can be recovered by the time post-exercise measurements were made.
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Dawes, Helen. "Perception of fatigue and exertion during a cycling exercise test in brain injured subjects." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365905.

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Chang, Po-Yu. "Modeling of fatigue behavior and damage tolerance/durability in fiber metal laminates." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1608577901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kinawy, Moustafa. "Static and fatigue propagation of buckle-driven delaminations under bending and compressive loads." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545324.

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Casas-Rodriguez, Juan P. "Damage in adhesively bonded joints : sinusoidal and impact fatigue." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11814.

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The main aim of this research was to investigate the behaviour of adhesive joints exposed to repeated low-velocity impact i.e. impact fatigue (IF), and to compare this loading regime with standard fatigue (SF), i.e. non-impacting, constant amplitude, sinusoidal loading conditions. Two types of lap joint configuration using rubber toughened modified epoxy adhesives were used and exposed to various loading conditions in order to determine the fatigue behaviour of the joints for each load conditions. The fatigue life was investigated using bonded aluminium alloy (7075-T6) single lap joint (SLJ) specimens, where it was seen that IF is an extremely damaging load regime compared to SF. Different trends were visible in force-life plots for these two types of loading. In SF a gradual decrease in the fatigue life with increasing load was observed, whereas, in IF a significant decrease in life was seen at relatively modest levels of maximum force after relatively few cycles. Comparisons of the fatigue life show a considerably earlier failure in IF than in SF for comparable levels of force and energy. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the maximum force per cycle, loading time, stiffness and strength decreased as a result of damage generated in the sample during IF.
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Liu, Bangyan. "Fatigue and damage tolerance analysis of composite laminates - stiffness loss, damage modellig, and life prediction." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60701.

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The prediction of fatigue life and evaluation of onset and growth of matrix cracks and delamination for general composite laminates are studied analytically using theories of damage tolerance, residual modulus degradation and residual strength degradation. Damage onset including matrix cracks and edge delamination are predicted by using a total strain energy release rate criterion which accounts for interactive effects of matrix cracks and delamination. The analytical models for modulus degradation, matrix crack density and delamination size growth as function of fatigue stress and fatigue cycles are proposed. The proposed approach provides four choices for predicting tension-tension fatigue life and for assessing fail-safety for structures made of composite laminates. The direct relation of physical damage to fatigue life and analytical equations for calculating residual elastic moduli E$ rm{ sb1, E sb2, v sb{12}}$ and G$ sb{12}$ in terms of fatigue load and fatigue cycles are proposed. The proposed approach enables prediction of fatigue behaviour of general laminates using experimental data of a basic lay-up such as unidirectional laminate. The finite element technique was utilized to model the fatigue failure process of notched laminates. A simple example of a laminate with a central hole under tension-tension fatigue loading was performed.
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Rhead, Andrew T. "Analysis and optimisation of postbuckled damage tolerant composite laminates." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520992.

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Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) can occur when laminated composite material is subject to impact, i.e. from runway debris or dropped tools, and may result in a significant reduction in the compressive strength of composite structures. A component containing BVID subjected to compression may fail via a number of mechanisms. However, it is assumed that the impact damage problems to be modelled will fail by delamination buckling leading to propagation of damage away from the original site. This precludes problems where the initial mechanism of failure is via kink banding or buckling of the full laminate. An analytical model is presented, for application to various composite structures, which predicts the level of compressive strain below which growth of BVID following local buckling of a delaminated sublaminate will not occur. The model is capable of predicting the critical through-thickness level for delamination, the stability of delamination growth, the sensitivity to experimental error in geometric measurements of the damage area and additionally establishes properties desirable for laminates optimised for damage tolerance. Problems treated with the model are split into two impact categories; ‘face’ (i.e. an out-of-plane skin impact) and ‘free edge’ (i.e. an in-plane stiffener edge impact) and two compressive loading regimes; ‘static’ and ‘fatigue’. Analytical results for static and fatigue compression of face impacted plates show an agreement of threshold strain to within 4% and 17% of experimental values respectively. In particular, for impacts to the skin under a stiffener subject to static loading the model is accurate to within 5%. An optimised laminate stacking sequence has shown an experimental increase of up to 29% in static strength can be achieved in comparison to a baseline configuration. Finally, compression testing has been undertaken on three coupons in order to validate an analysis of static free edge problems. Analytical results are, on average, within 10% of experimental results. An optimised laminate is theoretically predicted to increase static compression after free edge impact strength by at least 35%.
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Books on the topic "Tolerance to fatigue"

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FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. Damage-tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure. Washington, D.C. (800 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington 20591): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1997.

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FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. Damage-tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure. Washington, D.C. (800 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington 20591): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1997.

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M, Steinacker Jürgen, Ward Susan A, and International Symposium on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance (1994 : Ulm, Germany), eds. The physiology and pathophysiology of exercise tolerance. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

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Hart, W. G. J. 't. Evaluation of 6013-T6 sheet for damage tolerance applications. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1992.

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Wanhill, R. J. H. Damage tolerance property comparisons for 2000 and 8000 series aluminium plate alloys. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1995.

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FAA/NASA, International Symposium on Advanced Structural Integrity Methods for Airframe Durability and Damage Tolerance (1994 Hampton Va ). FAA/NASA International Symposium on Advanced Structural Integrity Methods for Airframe Durability and Damage Tolerance: Proceedings of a symposium... held in Hampton, Virginia, May 4-6, 1994. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1994.

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D, Mele Gary, Naidu Sujata, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. NASA rat acoustic tolerance test, 1994-1995: 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 32 kHz experiments : final report for NASA cooperative agreement #NCC2-822. San Jose, CA: Dept. of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, 1996.

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D, Mele Gary, Naidu Sujata, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. NASA rat acoustic tolerance test, 1994-1995: 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 32 kHz experiments : final report for NASA cooperative agreement #NCC2-822. San Jose, CA: Dept. of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, 1996.

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Attilio, Salvetti, and Cavallini Giorgio 1928-, eds. Durability and damage tolerance in aircraft design: The proceedings of the 13th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue, 22-24 May, 1985, Pisa, Italy. Warley: EMAS, 1985.

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C, Bill Robert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Multiaxial and thermomechanical fatigue considerations in damage tolerant design. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tolerance to fatigue"

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Cazes, Raphaël. "Damage Tolerance Design." In Fatigue of Materials and Structures, 111–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616994.ch3.

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Rodopoulos, Chris A. "Fatigue Damage Map as a Virtual Tool for Fatigue Damage Tolerance." In Virtual Testing and Predictive Modeling, 73–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95924-5_4.

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Maassen, N. "Mechanism of Fatigue in Small Muscle Groups." In The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance, 31–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_5.

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Sahlin, Kent. "Energy Metabolism and Muscle Fatigue During Exercise." In The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance, 45–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_7.

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Bansemir, H. "Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Behavior of Fiber Composites." In Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2012, 45–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24145-1_7.

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Sinke, J., and S. A. H. Johansson. "Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Aspects of Metal Laminates." In ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice, 585–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7_34.

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Pette, Dirk. "Factors Contributing to Enhanced Fatigue-Resistance in Low-Frequency Stimulated Muscle." In The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance, 37–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_6.

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Burger, U., and L. Rochat. "Aspects of Damage Tolerance and Fatigue of CFRP Structural Components." In Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014, 149–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17999-5_14.

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Jastrzębski, D., D. Ziora, M. Lubecki, K. Zieleźnik, M. Maksymiak, J. Hanzel, A. Początek, et al. "Fatigue in Sarcoidosis and Exercise Tolerance, Dyspnea, and Quality of Life." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 31–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_18.

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Nesterenko, B. G., and G. I. Nesterenko. "Analysis of Requirements on Fatigue and Damage Tolerance for Civil Transport Airplanes." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 39–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tolerance to fatigue"

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Gosselin, S. R., F. A. Simonen, and R. G. Carter. "Flaw Tolerance for Multiple Fatigue Cracks." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71141.

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Appendix L of Section XI provides for serviceability assessments of piping components that are subject to fatigue stresses. This appendix introduced a damage tolerance examination strategy to assure that components perform reliably throughout operating periods between inspections. Operating periods are based on fatigue crack growth analyses of postulated pre-existing cracks. Evidence from service experience shows that fatigue cracking occurrences at operating nuclear power plants often result from mechanisms that cause cracks to initiate and then grow at multiple locations on the inside surface of a pipe, becoming longer and deeper, and eventually linking to form a single long crack. This paper documents important details of the technical bases for changes to Appendix L. Calculations identified aspect ratios for equivalent single cracks (ESC) between the extremes of a 6:1 ratio and a full circumferential crack that can be used in Appendix L flaw tolerance assessments to account for the initiation, growth, and linking of multiple fatigue cracks. Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) calculations determined ESC aspect ratios that result in the same through-wall crack probability as multiple small cracks (0.02 inch depth) that initiate and coalesce. The computations considered two materials (stainless and low alloy steels), three pipe diameters, five cyclic membrane-to-gradient stress ratios and a wide range of primary loads. Subsequent deterministic calculations identified the ESC aspect ratio for the hypothetical reference flaw depth assumptions in Appendix L. This paper also describes computations that compare the Appendix L flaw tolerance allowable operating period for the ESC models with results obtained when a single default 6:1 aspect ratio reference flaw.
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Asada, Seiji, Takeda Shuhei, Taiji Hirasawa, Toshiyuki Saito, Itaru Saito, and Koji Dozaki. "Development of Fatigue Assessment Method Based on Flaw Tolerance Concept." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97773.

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The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) Committee on Power Generation Facility Codes recognizes the importance of fatigue evaluation methods based on the latest knowledge and is developing a fatigue evaluation method by flaw tolerance. The ASME B&PV Code Section XI has Non-mandatory Appendix L, “Operating Plant Fatigue Assessment” (hereinafter “App. L”), which provides a flaw tolerance method for fatigue evaluation when a cumulative usage factor (CUF) of a component is greater than 1.0. In order to develop a flaw tolerance method for the JSME Codes for nuclear power generation facilities, postulated initial flaws, capability of nondestructive examination, compatibility to rules and flaw tolerance codes are discussed.
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Hurlebaus, Stefan, and Lothar Gaul. "Fatigue and damage tolerance evaluation of an aircraft spoiler." In Nondestructive Evaulation for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, edited by Peter J. Shull, Andrew L. Gyekenyesi, and Aftab A. Mufti. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.598126.

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Kamaya, Masayuki. "Flaw Tolerance Assessment for Low-Cycle Fatigue of Stainless Steel." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45104.

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According to Appendix L of the BPVC Section XI, flaw tolerance assessment is performed using the stress intensity factor even for low-cycle fatigue. On the other hand, in Section III, the fatigue damage is assessed using the design fatigue curve, which has been determined from strain-based fatigue tests. Namely, the stress is used for the flaw tolerance assessment, whereas the strain (Ke factor) is quoted for the design. In order to resolve this inconsistency, in the present study, the strain intensity factor was used for crack growth prediction. First, it was shown that the strain range was the key parameter for predicting the fatigue life and crack growth. The crack growth rates correlated well with the strain intensity factor even for the low-cycle fatigue. Then, the strain intensity factor was applied to predict the crack growth under uniform and thermal cyclic loading conditions. The estimated fatigue life for the uniform cyclic loading condition agreed well with that obtained by the low-cycle fatigue tests, while the fatigue life estimated for the cyclic thermal loading condition was longer. It was shown that the inspection result of “no crack” can be reflected to determining the future inspection time by applying the flaw tolerance analysis. It was concluded that the flaw tolerance concept is applicable not only to the plant maintenance but also to plant design. The fatigue damage assessment using the design fatigue curve can be replaced with the crack growth prediction.
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Xiong, Xingguo, Yu-Liang Wu, and Wen-Ben Jone. "Material Fatigue and Reliability of MEMS Accelerometers." In 2008 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (DFTVS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dft.2008.37.

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Kamaya, Masayuki, and Takao Nakamura. "A Flaw Tolerance Concept for Plant Maintenance Using Virtual Fatigue Crack Growth Curve." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97851.

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Incorporation of the flaw tolerance concept in plant design and maintenance is discussed in order to consider the reduction in fatigue life due to the high-temperature water environment of class 1 components of NPPs. The flaw tolerance concept has been included in Section XI of the ASME BPVC. The structural factor (safety factor) for the flaw evaluation is considered in the stress, whereas it was considered in the design fatigue curve in Section III of the ASME BPVC. In order to apply the flaw tolerance concept to plant design and maintenance, it is necessary to assume the crack initiation and growth behavior. In this study, first, crack initiation and growth behavior during fatigue tests was reviewed and a relationship between the crack growth and fatigue life was quantified. Then, the safety factor was considered in the crack growth curve. It was shown that the crack size could be correlated to the usage factor and the flaw tolerance concept was reasonably considered in the plant maintenance by using the proposed virtual fatigue crack growth curve.
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Meggiolaro, Marco Antonio, and Jaime Tupiassú Pinho de Castro. "TOLERANCE TO SHORT CRACKS IN FATIGUE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING CONDITIONS." In 69° Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/1516-392x-25139.

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Kamaya, Masayuki. "Environmental Effect on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth of Stainless Steel for Flaw Tolerance Assessment." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63434.

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Fatigue life can be divided into cycles of crack initiation and those in which the initiated crack grows to macroscopic size. In crack growth analysis, it is possible to consider the effect of the strain or stress gradient in the depth direction on the fatigue life. Therefore, flaw tolerance assessments allow reasonable fatigue life prediction. The fatigue life is reduced in the primary water environment of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants, and the correction factor Fen is used for considering the fatigue life reduction in fatigue damage assessments. To apply the flaw tolerance concept to a PWR water environment, the correction factor must be applied not to the fatigue life but to the number of cycles for crack growth. In this study, the fatigue life reduction in the PWR environment was correlated to the crack growth acceleration for a flaw tolerance assessment. The crack growth rates were obtained from fatigue life tests and crack growth tests performed in the PWR environment using Type 316 stainless steel. Then, the fatigue life was estimated by predicting the crack growth from an initial depth of 20 μm. It was concluded that a reasonable flaw tolerance assessment can be performed by using the strain intensity factor. The fatigue life reduction was successfully replaced with the crack growth acceleration.
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Zhao, Wei, Michael A. Sutton, Jose Penã, Brenda K. Hattery, Duan Q. Wang, and Camden R. Hubbard. "Damage Tolerance Analysis of Railroad Tank Cars." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2135.

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Abstract The paper summarizes an effort in improving structural integrity of the railroad tank cars. Damage tolerance analysis is performed on a DOT 111A100W1 general purpose tank car. Stress distributions and potential fatigue critical locations are determined using global and local finite element models. Welding residual stresses in an unconstrained TC128-B butt weld are obtained using neutron diffraction technique. Fatigue crack growth analysis under a tank car service load spectrum is carried out and inspection intervals are determined for various postulated initial flaws. Two materials are considered, a generic steel (presumably representing A516-70), and A515 for older tank cars.
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Johnson, Michael, Robert Needham, Ryan Williams, Jack Ashby, Neil Williams, Dean Mills, and Graham Sharpe. "Effects of maximal volitional hyperpnoea on exercise tolerance and locomotor muscle fatigue." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.oa478.

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