Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tolérance – Dans la littérature'
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Al-Bazaz, Fares. "La tolérance religieuse chez les hommes de lettres au XVIIIe siècle : différence, interférence, archaïsme." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2007/document.
Full textDuring the 18th Century, following Spinoza, Bayle and Locke’s writing, the question of a religious tolerance is in the centre of the debates. Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Diderot, according to their visions of the problem, developed a theory around a notion which would give birth later to the freedom of conscience principle. Fictions, and especially the novels, allowed these authors to increase the spreading of a tolerance notion. Even if anti-Fanaticism has been an object of consensus between enlightenment Philosophers, it is necessary to admit that their conception of tolerance implied many differences of opinion. In his "Dictionnaire Philosophique", Voltaire appeared as the most dauntless champion; but what about the "Traité sur la tolerance"? Was Diderot’s indifference to all religion favorable to the proclamation of a tolerance? In their confrontations, especially against Voltaire and Rousseau, Enlightenment writers did not all the time observe the same demand. It is important to define, according to our corpus, these takings of position.Nevertheless, it should not be appropriate to cast on pervious periods modern ideals. This would lead to the danger of anachronism. Enlightenment writer were indeed, confronted to historical situations as well as cultural and ideological backgrounds completely different from ours
Picherot, Émilie. "Le lieu, l’histoire, le sang : l’hispanité des musulmans d’Espagne dans les littératures arabe, espagnole et française (15ème – 17ème siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040227.
Full textThe Hispanic identity of Spanish Muslims is at the center of a recurring debate on the collective identity of Spaniards. By treating the political presence of the Muslims as a simple historical parenthesis which lasted for eight centuries, the Romancero excludes Spanish Muslims not only from the peninsula but also from Hispanic identity itself and heralds the final expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609. A different attitude was developed during the hundred years following 1492, as witnessed by the Hispano-Arabic and Aljamiada, but also sometimes the Castilian literature. The French Spanish-Moorish novel, a century later, redefines the character of the Spanish Muslim, which then becomes the basis for a fantasized Hispanic identity characterised by its contact with the Arab-Muslim world via the Mediterranean. The Moor of Granada becomes a literary model that provides Europe with a positive image of the Arab-Muslim world. Idealized, tolerant and generous, the Moro is no longer simply a Spaniard, but a pretext for reflecting on religious diversity and the link between a people and a place
Wierciochin, Grzegorz. "La construction de la notion de tolérance chez Sébastien Castellion : approche lexicale et sémantique (écrits français et latins autour de 1550)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3002.
Full textIn the 16th century in Europe, religious divisions of christianity erupt in vigorous polemic debates which are fought in literature. The themes of blasphemy, heresy, heterodoxy and deviance become paradigmatic for the political and social changes of the century. In this very special context, a pre-modern idea of tolerance arises in the writings of a few thinkers, like Sebastian Castellio, a former calvinist who veered away from the orthodoxy in Geneva and who took refuge in Basle.The polemical writings of Castellio vanish behind his tranlations of the Bible in latin (1551) and in french (1555), who made of him one of the first critics of the holy scripture. But in the same years, Castellio is violently attacked by the calvinists party for having defended Michael Servetus (1553): a polemic debate on the impunity of heretics breaks out between John Calvinand Sebastian Castellio, who writes his Historia de Morte Serveti and De haereticis / Traité des hérétiques (1554), and other texts which are edited after his death (Contra libellum Calvini) in order to defend his conviction of freedom of conscience. These writings, partly published under pseudonym (Martin Bellius / Georges Kleinberg / Basile Montford) are more then simple answers of circumstance to the texts of Calvin and Théodore de Bèze. They express an idea oftolerance (based on a doctrinal scepticism, as say his adverseries) which is representative for a particular thinking. Recent research has shown that the grammatical, linguistical and logical structure of Castellio's french and latin writings presents a number of original properties. Their analysis can contribute to understand the contemporary mental tools for dealingwith ethical and theological challanges of confesional and doctrinal pluralism. A semantical and lexicological study with a recent texometrical software tool (TXM) allows us to discover new aspects of the history of tolerance, which are revealing for our own century
Im 16. Jahrhundert zeigen sich die religiösen Spaltungen des Christentums in lebhaften polemischen Debatten in der Literatur. Die Themen der Abweichung, der Blasphemie, der Ketzerei und der Heterodoxie werden paradigmatisch für die politischen und sozialen Spannungen der Epoche. In diesem Klima der Unversöhnlichkeit entsteht allmählich der Gedanke vormoderner Toleranz. Die polemischen Schriften des calvinistischen Abweichlers Sebastian Castellio, der in Basel im Exil lebt, werden von seinen beiden Bibelübersetzungen (1551 lateinisch, 1555 französisch) überschattet, die den Nonkonformisten zu einem der ersten kritischen Bibelübersetzer gemacht haben. Nichtsdestoweniger ist Castellio 1553 heftigsten Angriffen der Calvinisten ausgesetzt, da er in seinen Schriften Michael Servetus verteidigt, der kurz zuvor in Genf als Ketzer verbrannt worden ist. Die heftige Polemik zwischen Johannes Calvin und Sebastian Castellio äussert sich in seinen Schriften Historia de Morte Serveti und De haereticis / Traité des hérétiques (1554), sowie in anderen Texten, die posthum veröffentlicht werden (Contra libellum Calvini). Diese Texte, die teilweise unter einem Pseudonym erscheinen (Martinus Bellius / Georges Kleinberg / Basilius Montfort), sind mehr als nur anlassbezogene Antworten auf die doktrinären Schriften Calvins und Theodor Bezas. Die Konzeption der Toleranz, die Castellio darin entwickelt, und die sich laut seinenGegnern auf einen Skeptizismus gegenüber den konfessionellen Lehren gründet, ist repräsentativ für ein besonderes Menschen- und Weltbild. Die jüngste Forschung hat aufgezeigt, dass die grammatikalische, argumentative und lexikalische Struktur des Texte Sebastian Castellios einzigartige Eigenheiten besitzt, deren Analyse zu einem besseren Verständnis der „geistigen Werkzeuge“ der Zeitgenossen angesichts der theologischen und ethischen Umwälzungen der konfessionellen Epoche beitragen kann. Die semantische und lexikologische Untersuchung der Kampfschriften Castellios anhand einer neuen Software für Textometrie (TXM) wirft ein neues Licht auf die Geschichte der Toleranz, die für unsere Epoche wegweisend ist
Lussier, Benjamin. "Tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes autonomes." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172161.
Full textAbboud, Mohssen. "Tolérance aux défaillances dans les réseaux dynamiques." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077176.
Full textWe study how some fault-tolerant algorithms for classical Systems can be extended to t}e used in larger scale networks. In the first part of this thesis we address the problems of reliable broadcast and consensus in sensor networks communicating with radio-broadcast. Communication is prone to collision when several sensors broadcast simultaneously. Moreover sensors may crash and stop sending. In this framework, reliable broadcast and consensus are not possible to solve. Sensors are equipped with collision detectors. We propose some specifications of collision detectors that enable us to achieve reliable broadcast, consensus and we give some algorithms for this. In the second part we consider a dynamic network of processes communicating by sending messages. The network is dynamic in the sense that the processes are created dynamically and each process does not know either the number or the set of created processes, but it has a unique identity. Created processes are prone to failure. We study three classical problems of fault-tolerance in the case where the set of processes is unknown. The three problems are: the consensus problem, the implementation of atomic registers and the eventual leader election. For this we consider different models in respect of their degree of synchrony (asynchronous, partially synchronous, synchronous), and we prove how to solve these problems in every considered models
Seba, Lagraa Hamida. "Sécurité et tolérance aux fautes dans les environnements mobiles." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1476.
Full textConsensus and group key management are fundamental problems in the design of dependable systems. Ln this thesis, we propose a new protocol that solves the consensus problem in an asynchronous mobile environment prone to failures and disconnections. Then, we use this solution to develop a new non-blocking atomic commitment protocol for mobile transactions and to build a group communication service for mobile hosts. We elaborated a state of the art on group key management protocols. This comparative study points out a new group key management approach based on group characteristics. This approach enhances the performance of group key management protocols. We also propose a new fault-tolerant group key management protocol that uses failure detectors to increase the number of participants to the key establishment process
Condamine, Thomas. "Caractérisation de nouvelles molécules impliquées dans la tolérance immune." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=7ae11d03-0c92-4e1e-a1a5-0c1a174b07a0.
Full textA better understanding of immune mechanisms involved in allograft rejection or tolerance has to be considered as a major research goal. This knowledge could lead to the design of new therapeutical approach that could be used in the future to replace immunosuppressive treatment. In the first part of this thesis, we have study the potential role of two molecules upregulated in a model of cardiac allograft tolerance in the rat: The Follistatin-Like 1 (FSTL1) and TORID. We have shown that FSTL1 is produced by graft infiltrating CD8+ T cells in this model and that FSTL1 could induce a prolonged allograft survival in association with inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL6, IL17 and IFNγ. In the study of the molecule TORID, we have been able to show a role of this molecule in the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and a role on the regulation, of previously described, immunomodulatory enzymes in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In addition, in a model of skin graft tolerance induction involving MDSC, we have shown that we can not induce a tolerance in TORID deficient mice. In the second part of this thesis, we have study the expression and regulation of the molecule Schlafen-3 (SLFN3) in the immune system and in particular in regulatory T cells (Tregs). We have been able to show that this molecules was strongly expressed in Tregs in comparison to effectors T cells and that, following stimulation, the expression of SLFN3 is downregulated in Tregs but increased in effectors T cells
De, Heusch Magali. "Les cellules dendritiques dans l'immunité, la mémoire et la tolérance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211159.
Full textCependant, des DC immatures sont présentes dans les organes lymphoïdes en contact avec les cellules T laissant supposer qu’elles pourraient jouer d’autres rôles que celui de sentinelles.
L’immunisation de souris par injection de DC immatures ou matures nous a permis de mettre en évidence un rôle potentiel des DC immatures. Ces dernières induisent en effet une prolifération des cellules T CD4 et leur différenciation en cellules de mémoire en absence de réponse primaire effectrice (absence d’IFN-&
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lemoine, Sébastien. "Étude du rôle du lymphocyte B dans la tolérance périphérique." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2308.
Full textNature has provided the immune system with numerous checkpoints controlling the maintenance of tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. The regulatory mechanisms operating in the periphery of the immune system are mediated mainly by a specific population of regulatory T cells considered as the main contributor to peripheral tolerance. In auto immunity, B cells are generally considered pathogenic since they release autoantibodies, that can cause damages to target tissues. However B cell depletion in several murine models of autoimmune diseases leads to a more severe pathology, giving B cells an unexpected regulatory role. Insights have been realized concerning the mechanism of action and the phenotype of this particular subset of regulatory B cells in mice and two subsets of IL-10 secreting B cells have been endowed with regulatory properties. However, despite increasing interest in regulatory B cell biology, the existence of an equivalent population in human is still a matter of controversy. The current study indicates that activated T cells can induce their own regulation by promoting the development of a B-cell dependent regulatory process. Regulatory B cells, identified by their expression of CD19high IgD+ CD24high CD38high CD5high, inhibit the proliferation and cytokine secretion of proinflammatory TH1 cells with the contribution of regulatory T cells, placing B cells at the center of immunosuppressive reactions. The assessment of this new regulatory function in autoimmune diseases shows that B-cell mediated immune regulation is deficient in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Yahfoufi, Nassireddine. "Contribution à la tolérance aux fautes dans les applications distribuées." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0005.
Full textDrid, Hamza. "Tolérance aux pannes dans les réseaux optiques de type WDM." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S031.
Full textSurvivability in optical network is an important issue due to the huge bandwidth offered by optical technology. Survivability means that the network has the ability to maintain an acceptable service level even after an occurrence of failures within the network. In this thesis, we study the survivability in optical networks. Indeed, our work focuses on two main parts. The first part addresses the survivability in networks composed of one single domain. Firstly, we study and classify the various mechanisms of survivability proposed in the literature. Then we focus on p-cycles design. The major challenge of p-cycle design resides in finding an optimal set of p-cycles protecting the network for a given working capacity. In our thesis we propose a novel heuristic approach, which computes an efficient set of p-cycles protecting the network in one step. Our heuristic approach takes into consideration two main criteria: the redundancy and the number of p-cycles involved in the solution. The mechanisms studied in the first part are typically destined to single-domain protection, because they assume that each node in the network may have a complete vision of the physical topology of the network. Such an assumption is not realistic in the case of large networks, such as a multi-domain networks. Few works have focused on survivability in multi-domain optical networks. The second part of this thesis describes and evaluates existing solutions and compares their performances. We propose also a solution based on p-cycles and topology aggregation which overcomes the different problems of the existing solutions
Provencher, Steeve. "Hémodynamique à l'exercice et tolérance à l'effort dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25303/25303.pdf.
Full textLaribi, Youcef. "Structuration des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes répartis." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0168.
Full textKebbal, Djemai. "Tolérance aux fautes et ordonnancement adaptatif dans les systèmes distribués hétérogènes." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-316.pdf.
Full textPrey, Sorilla. "Propranolol dans les hemangiomes infantiles : tolérance et identification des voies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0342.
Full textCapillary infantile haemangioma (IH) is a common benign vascular tumour of infants. Severe forms are treated since 2008 by propranolol. However, its dramatic efficacy remains until now unexplained.The first part of my thesis is a safety study of children treated with propranolol as part of the French Compassionate Use Program. The prospective vigilance database, including 922 children, confirmed the safety of propranolol among the paediatric patients, and highlighted the circumstances at risk of complications.The second part is a study of adrenergic signaling in IH tissues. First, we identified by immunofluorescence the expression of beta-adrenergic receptors on IH cells. We observed a strong expression of ADRB2 on mast cells, and a moderate ADRB1 and 2 expression on vessels. This expression pattern was the same regardless of the degree of involution of the tumour, and has also been observed on tumour vascular controls which did not respond to propranolol. We therefore hypothesized that ADRB receptors may be activated in proliferative IH. We indeed detected the expression of catecholamine synthesis enzymes and of neuro-endocrine markers on pericytes in paraffin-embedded tissues, and also in IH pericytes in culture. We also detected HIF1-alpha overexpression and therefore explored propranolol effect during hypoxia. Propranolol had no effect on cell proliferation, but reduced hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF-A
Haj, Chahine Paul Gérard Jean. "L'acte de tolérance en droit civil : contribution à l'étude des actes dans le droit des biens et à la théorie de la volonté modératrice de droit." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020013.
Full textThe act of tolerance is the illustration of the two general dimensions of tolerance: material and voluntary. The simple act of tolerance has an intermediary position, in article 2232 of the civil code, between the act of sheer faculty and the act of possession. It is a material act, a specific infringement, which is tolerable. It represents an intermediary category between the act of sheer faculty, in which there is an absence of infringement, and the possessory act, which is a contradictory infringement. What is tolerable has the characteristic of not being contradictory of the rights of others. In principle, it is quantified by such things as bahaviour between neighbours, collective habits and non compulsory customs. The civil code determines what is tolerable in its most frequent area of application, easements (article 691 c. C. ). The simple act of tolerance, a tolerable infingement which is not contradictory to the rights of others, does not create possession because it is unable to create a corpus to be possessed. The act of tolerance is also a voluntary act, the manifestation of which is original and the content of which is specific. In presence of what is tolerable, an attitude of tolerance expresses itself by what is normally passiveness, confronted with a contradictory infringement, the act of tolerance finds itself in a bilateral structure which clearly reflects the notion of a pact. The voluntary act of tolerance is neither an. .
Murcia, Thierry. "Jésus dans la littérature talmudique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3076.
Full textThis study presents a survey and a systematic analysis of the passages of Talmudic literature (Mishna – Tosefta – Palestinian Talmud – Babylonian Talmud – Midrashim), relative to Jesus or are supposed to be. The documents are examined, criticized and confronted to other sources of Jewish or Christian origin (Hellenistic Jewish literature, Jewish Apocrypha, rabbinic sources, Targumim, Toledot Yeshu – New Testament, Apostolic Fathers, Church Fathers). The investigation tries to answer to several questions: - What did the rabbis exactly know about Jesus? - Has their information any historical value? - Has their perception undergone some evolution? - Did the rabbis of the Talmud have access to the Gospels as a written source? The conclusion of this thesis is that all these documents are rooted in their Sitz im leben. They obviously attest – contra Peter Schäfer (Jesus in the Talmud, 2007) – that the rabbis had no direct acquaintance with the Gospels as written documents. This study also shows, concerning the Babylonian Talmud, that all the passages relative to Jesus belong to the last editorial layer of this corpus (VIIe-VIIIe century)
Eluther, Ena. "L'africanité dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3001.
Full textCan the africanity of caribbean cultures come down to distant survivals, or constitute the foundation of these cultures ? Literature, as a mirror of peoples, as a painting of cultures, as art, allows to perceive the cultural and literary continuity between the african continent and its caribbean diaspora. The comparison of english-speaking and french-speaking novels from the Caribbean and from West Africa and Central Africa shows common cultural features and literary topoi from one area to the other : colonial trauma, protection and adaptation of ancestral legacy, common spiritual values, linguistic problematics, paintings of resistance struggles in which the writer himself is in the frontline. This comparative study, which sometimes draws from caribbean and african oral literature, as from caribbean spanish-speaking literature, suggests that one should view the afro-caribbean cultural expressions as an extension of african cultural expressions, offering in this way a large panorama of the cultural and literary black world. From 1921 to the early years 2000, this analysis takes into account the changes of african and caribbean literatures and the societies they represent. Have the changes definitively broken the african civilizational unity, the cultural links between Africa and the Americas ? On the contrary, the reading of the novels of the corpus shows an homogeneous and coherent picture of cultural and literary expressions of Africa and its caribbean diaspora, so doing putting Africa back into the center of caribbean culture
Pianelli, Katia. "Recherche des déterminants moléculaires de la tolérance aux métaux lourds dans la plante hyperaccumulatrice Thlaspi caerulescens : Analyse du rôle de la nicotianamine dans la tolérance au nickel." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20203.
Full textPlessis, Anne. "Analyse de mutants d'Arabidopsis thaliana affectés dans la tolérance au déficit hydrique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004813.
Full textBambi-Idikay, Annie. "Préservation, minimalité et seuil de tolérance dans les emprunts français en lingala." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/MQ38002.pdf.
Full textBennani, Taha. "Tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes répartis à base d'intergiciels réflexifs standards." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009746.
Full textPlessis, Anne. "Analyse des mutants d'Arabidopsis thaliana affectés dans la tolérance au déficit hydrique." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4813/01/thesecorrigee1.pdf.
Full textDegauque, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des cellules régulatrices dans deux modèles d'induction de tolérance." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT18VS.
Full textTolerance corresponds to the acceptation of a graft by an immunocompetent recipient. In this thesis, the mechanisms of maintenance and transfer of tolerance have been studied in two models of graft transplantation between MHC incompatible rats. Donor antigens presentation by blood transfusion before heart graft induces the differentiation of regulatory CD25- T cells acting both in vitro and in vivo. This study constitutes the first demonstration of the existence of regulatory CD25- T cells able to transfer tolerance in a fully MHC mismatch model. Injection of a donor anti-class II MHC antibody the day of transplantation allowed to obtain a fully tolerant state. Maintenance and transfer of tolerance are here not controlled by T lymphocytes alone but required complex mechanisms of regulation with the need of T cells/non-T cells cooperation
Voisin, Allison. "Physiologie de la réponse et de la tolérance immunes dans l'épididyme murin." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC102.
Full textThe epididymis, a key organ of male fertility, is the place of maturation and storage of sperm. However, the massive and late arrival of these cells at puberty, long after the setting of self-tolerance, makes them potential targets for the immune system which risks to destroy them. At the same time, the male genital tract, in contact with the external environment, is frequently challenged by ascending pathogens, which, if not controlled, impair fertility. Therefore, the epididymis must develop an efficient immune response against pathogens while establishing effective tolerance towards sperm. Alteration of this equilibrium is involved in 10 to 15% of male infertility cases. Nevertheless, the immune system of the epididymis has long been neglected compared to that of the testis, due to the common and admittedly mistaken idea that the testis conferred their immune protection to the whole genital tract. The work carried out during this PhD. aimed to strengthen the available knowledge on cellular and molecular actors involved in the maintenance of the immune balance in the murine epididymis. My first objective was to identify and quantify the mononuclear phagocyte and lymphocyte populations present, at steady state, in the tissue. I identified and located three lymphocyte populations never described in the murine epididymis. The rest of my work focused on Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), whose signaling pathway is involved in sperm tolerance in mice, but, its receptors had not been fully described in the organ. We have shown that the three TGF-β isoforms and their receptors are differently expressed throughout the organ, suggesting various roles in epididymal physiology, in addition to sperm tolerance.These studies have shown the diverse potential mechanisms involved in epididymal immune balance and offer many avenues for research to improve treatments of male infertility of immunological origin
Marquez-Campos, Maria Elena. "Etude des mécanismes d'adaptation des lymphocytes T CD8+ dans la tolérance périphérique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066220.
Full textHalbout, Philippe. "Rôle de l'insuline dans la rupture de tolérance chez la souris NOD." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066173.
Full textBennani, Mohamed Taha. "Tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes répartis à base d'intergiciels réflexifs standards." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0010.
Full textReflection makes it possible to improve the design and maintenance of the applications, by separating their functional and non-functional aspects. Based on our analysis of the reflective fault tolerant approaches, we defined a new classification that shows the pertinence of this approach with respect to more conventional ones to provide fault tolerance. The core contribution of this thesis is to explore the reflexive capabilities of the CORBA middleware standard i. E. Portable Interceptors, to build fault tolerant distributed applications. In order to carry out an in-depth analysis of such capabilities, we designed a generic component based platform, called DAISY "Dependable Adaptative Interceptors and Serialization-based sYstem", providing replication mechanisms in a transparent way
Allia, Mourad. "Saturation et vote pour la tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes répartis." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30234.
Full textChouikhi, Samira. "Tolérance aux pannes dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil multi-canal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1031/document.
Full textThe development in Micro Electro-Mechanic Systems (MEMS) combined with the emergence of new information and communication technologies allowed the integration of the data sensing, processing and transmission in a single tiny device which is the wireless sensor. Consequently, the networks formed by these sensors offer a lot advantages compared with the traditional networks, in particular in terms of the deployment simplicity and cost. This led to the development of a wide range of Wireless Sensor Networks' applications in the domains of health, environment, industry, infrastructures, spatial activities, or even military activities and in many other domains. However, new challenges appear from the particular characteristics of these networks. In fact, many applications of this type of networks are critical and require that the correct functioning of the network is maintained as long as possible. However, the environments in which these networks are deployed return the mission of network maintenance very complicated or even impossible; hence, the necessity of integrating mechanisms of self-correction which aim to overcome the appeared problems without a human intervention. In this context, we focused our study on the techniques and mechanisms implemented to improve the property of fault tolerance in the wireless sensor networks. First, we proposed centralized and distributed approaches for the connectivity restoration and the channel reallocation in a multi-channel communication context after the failure of a critical node. After the formulation of the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem, we proposed some algorithms based on the heuristics of graphs coloring and Steiner tree, very known in the graph theory to solve this type of problems. In a second part in this thesis, we studied a particular application case, precision agriculture, and we proposed a distributed solution for the failure recovery in wireless sensor networks
Boulant, Erika. "Utilisation des pompes d'efflux dans l'ingénierie de la tolérance chez Deinococcus geothermalis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0764.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a strategy for detoxifying the amount of an intracellular compound by allowing its exit from the cell through the use of an efflux system.The host chosen for this study is a new model organism, Deinococcus geothermalis. We used efflux pumps as biological tools to allow the release of a compound that became toxic intracellularly. To do this, we first inserted by homologous recombination a selection of genes encoding heterologous efflux pumps into the D. geothermalis chromosome. Then the second step was to determine the susceptibility of the recombinants obtained to high value-added compounds. A number of recombinants with higher resistance than the wild multi-compound strain were then selected. The next step was to verify that the observed resistance gain was indeed due to the insertion of a functional efflux pump into the bacterial shell. To do this, efflux tests using a fluorescent marker, Hoechst compound 33342 or with a fluorescent antibiotic were performed. We were able to obtain proof of concept that a gene encoding a heterologous efflux pump could lead to the expression of a functional protein in D. geothermalis and that this membrane protein allowed the intracellular amount of a given compound to be decreased
Le, Guen Valentin. "Induction de la tolérance allogénique par transfert de gène dans le foie." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b85ec169-3bd5-4aa3-867c-0d702ddbe083.
Full textInduction of donor-specific immune tolerance is a good alternative to chronic life-long immunosuppression for the avoidance of allograft rejection. Donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules represent the main targets of the allogeneic immune response of transplant recipients. Liver-targeted gene transfer with viral vectors induces tolerance toward the encoded antigen. To determine whether alloantigen gene transfer to hepatocytes induces tolerance and promotes graft acceptance, C57Bl/6 (H-2b) mice were treated with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector targeting the expression of the MHC I molecule H-2Kd to hepatocytes. AAV H-2Kd treated mice were tolerant to the alloantigen, as demonstrated by its long-term expression at the membrane of the hepatocytes, even after a highly immunogenic challenge with an adenoviral vector. In addition, after induction of diabetes, the AAV treated mice had significantly delayed rejection of fully allogeneic pancreatic islet grafts from Balb/c mice (H-2d), with more than 40% recipients tolerant (>100 days). AAV mediated expression of H-2Kd in the liver induced the local expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes with allo-specific suppressive properties. The adoptive transfer of these liver-generated CD8+ Tregs into naive diabetic mice promoted the long-term survival of allogeneic pancreatic islet grafts. We demonstrate for the first time that AAV-mediated long-term expression of a single MHC I molecule in the liver induces the generation of a subset of allospecific CD8+ Treg cells, which promotes tolerance toward fully allogeneic graft. Liver gene transfer represents a promising strategy for in vivo induction of donor-specific tolerance
Cally, Jean William. "LA BÊTE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE FANTASTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457638.
Full textDiop, Alioune. "L'imaginaire animalier dans la littérature arabe." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040180.
Full textDubreuil, Philippe. "Les injures dans la littérature latine." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1069.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the research of the contribution of the antique latin abusive literary practise to the social complexity and to the imaginative world. The thesis develops, in three distinct parts, a statistical, linguistic, literary and sociological study of the abusive terms in all the literary genres (125 texts and 50 authors) from IIIrd century BC to the fell of Rome in 475. It includes : - Abuses and Latin language (Volume I). Through a corpus of 1370 words and 2344 quotations, the author studies the different types of abusive words, their origins, constructions, senses and how they are employed in the latin sentences. - Abuses and latin literature (Volumes II and III). The author lists the uses (frequency and density) of abusive terms in theatre, in speeches, in poetry and in prose (philosophical or political studies, novels, correspondence. . . ). He studies the role and the functions of abuses in the texts and the connection they have with poetry, rhetoric and eloquence. - Abuses and antique roman Society (Volume IV) where is analyzed the social field of abuses according to the social groups, the Men/Women relations and the different forms of the practice of abusing naming. A special chapter is devoted to the antique roman imaginative world of abuses. The conclusion is about the civilizing role of abuses as welle in the antique Rome as in our collective unconscious. The corpus of words and quotations is detailed in a lexicon Latin-French and an index French-Latin (tome V). The lexicon is also available in. Pdf format as a CD-Rom
Benachir, Hynde. "Le "haiku" dans la littérature hispanique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30036/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is set at a crossroads between linguistics and literature since it is about the haiku in Hispanic literature, which we aim to characterize as a poetic form in the Spanish-speaking literary context and as a "prototype" of the brief from the perspective of its discursive and enunciative terms. Traditionally associated with Japanese culture, in which it takes root, the haiku is one of the shortest poetic forms in the world. With its seventeen syllables in all, it compels to the greatest thoroughness in the choice of words, a concise expression and a "condensation" of the meaning that make it a succint poem, often to be pondered after reading. Neither verse nor rhyme are part of the metrical constraints of the Japanese haiku. Its aesthetics, influenced by Zen Buddhism, aims to be contemplative, supported by the subjectivity of the poetic voice, which appears as a "witness of the world", only transposing facts that are sometimes "unimportant", often trivial, yet nonetheless a part of any person's daily life. In Western poetry, the haiku has no equivalent, owing as much to its brevity as to its "puristic" aesthetics. However, it should be noted that it is strongly represented in contemporary Hispanic literature. Neither the Orientalism from the beginning of the XXth century nor the poetic re-assessments started by the Modernists and carried on by the Avant-Garde movements are enough to explain this enthusiasm of the Spanish-speaking poets for this Japanese poem. Indeed, Hispanic literature took hold of this literary phenomenon as soon as the first translations of Japanese anthologies were published, in the 1910s. There is, however, no linguistic connection between the haiku and Spanish-speaking poets. Nevertheless, the first collections of haikus also date back to the 1910s, which indicates that there was no latency between the appearance of the haiku and its adaptation into Spanish. Starting from these observations, we attempted, through a multi-focal approach notably based on literal analysis, to retrace this poetic form's literary and linguistic path, from the Japanese rice paper rolls to the so-called "Hispanic" haiku
Vincent, Manon. "Les animaux dans la littérature hellénistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040225.
Full textOur study focuses on animals in Hellenistic literature. We deliberately chose to work on a large text corpus in order to highlight the multiple representations of the animal appearing in the texts of the period. The first part of this study is devoted to animal imagery through which the authors describe the characters and human qualities, exposing, to a lesser extent, the analogue relationship between animals. The second part aims to show existing relationships, symbolic or real, between man and animal. The staging of the animals in the story reflects thepractices and ways of thinking of the Hellenistic society towards the animal. The last part of this study presents the attempts to objectify the behaviours and qualities of the animal. In that sense, it shows the rise of philosophical schools and sciences of the period by the philosophical and didactic approach to animal nature. In texts, Hellenistic thought reveals the continual tension between belief and knowledge, between cultural representations and "scientific data" of the animal. If the authors conceive man as belonging to the animal biological continuum, they stand out by the assertion of their superiority in an intellective perspective
Quilhot-Gesseaume, Brigitte. "Les représentations de la littérature étrangère dans l'enseignement de littérature des lycées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10072.
Full textBernard, Sarah. "Force, surface musculaire et tolérance à l'effort dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25496.pdf.
Full textFall, Diarga. "Techniques de tolérance aux fautes : conception des circuits fiables dans les technologies avancées." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT030.
Full textApproaching their ultimate limits, silicon technologies are affected by various problems that make more difficult further miniaturization technology. These problems relate particularly to power dissipation, parametric yield (affected by the variation of process parameters of manufacturing, supply voltage and temperature), and reliability (affected by these changes as well as the accelerated aging, interference and soft-errors). This thesis deals with the development and implementation of fault tolerant architectures and dedicated self-calibration and validation of their ability to mitigate the problems mentioned above
Ilunga, Kabeya Francine. "Variation de la tolérance et de l'accumulation des métaux dans le genre Haumaniastrum." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241500.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Marteyn, Benoît. "Rôle des glutarédoxines dans la tolérance aux stress oxydant et métalliques chez Synechocystis." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112372.
Full textCohen, Nicolas. "Tolérance immunitaire : implications de GILZ dans les maladies parodontales induites par porphyromonas gingivalis." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11TO50.
Full textBouzelat, Amor. "Analyse des performances temporelles et de tolérance aux fautes dans la synchronisation d'horloges." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL090N.
Full textLe, Texier Laëtitia. "Étude des mécanismes impliqués dans la tolérance à l'allogreffe cardiaque chez le rat." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5c0d14d4-9f04-46d6-9934-e057f85b7dce.
Full textCurrently, the transplantation research aims to induce long term graft tolerance. Thus, it is necessary to improve our knowledge in tolerance-associated mechanisms. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize immunological mechanisms involved in a model of cardiac allograft tolerance in rat. A first study of the B cell response in tolerant rats, allowed us to show a regulation of the anti-donor antibody production, which are present in small quantities. They express a TH2 isotype and seem to be protective for graft endothelial cells. Moreover, we observed an accumulation of inhibited profile associated B cells and regulatory B cells able to transfer tolerance. In a second study, we showed a new molecule no described so far, inhibited during tolerance compare to rejection. We tried to characterize the immunological function and regulation of this molecule that we named LIME (LPS-Induced MoleculE). We showed that LIME is expressed by activated dendritic cells and seems associated with cytoskeleton, which plays various roles in cellular mobility and motility but also in immunological synapse formation. Thus LIME could become a new therapeutic target to regulate immunological response in transplantation
Levassort, Laurent. "La femme dans la littérature fantastique contemporaine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100166.
Full textBoukebbab, Salim. "Contribution à l'étude des discontinuités présentes dans les mécanismes en vue d'une ingénierie coopérative." Paris, ENSAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENAM0023.
Full textCibotti, Ricardo. "Etude dans un modèle de souris transgéniques de la tolérance immunitaire, aux peptides d'une protéine du soi sécrétée." Orléans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE2056.
Full textLouviot, Myriam. "Poétique de l'hybridité dans les littératures postcoloniales." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/LOUVIOT_Myriam_2010.pdf.
Full textSince the 80s, the postcolonial literatures have been raising increasing interest. Through a corpus of francophone and anglophone novels (from Chamoiseau, Condé, Kourouma, Waberi, Naipaul, Okri, Roy and Rushdie), this study intend to give a clear definition of the notion of hybridity, which is often associated to these literatures. Then, it analyses the way this hybridity is expressed in the novels and tries to show in which way it inscribes itself in an identity strategy. Postcolonial novels, with their diverse and sometimes contradictory heritage, are born on shaky ground, especially as their intended audience is often complex and as they often depend on recognition from Europe. They are peripheral literatures, whose place and legitimacy are not guaranteed. As such, they need to specify their context of enunciation all the more carefully and to develop a very specific scenography. It appears that these literatures rely on an ethos of loss, which is certainly felt as a suffering, but also as liberating. The hybrid also questions the notion of belonging. Embodiment of many identity aporias, it forces to think anew the traditional references. Finally, hybrid discourse, pervaded by perpetual negociation, sets itself up to be a new discourse, the reflection of the today’s changing world. Rather than to represent the identity crisis exclusively as the unhappy condition of the postcolonial individual, the postcolonial literatures turn it into a privileged position from which to elaborate new ways to be in the world
Hérault, Thomas. "Correction de défaillances transitoires dans les sytèmes auto-stabilisants." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112054.
Full textSelf-stabilizing systems, introduced by E. W. Dijkstra in 1974, are distributed systems tolerating transient failures. This model of fault includes a large class of possible behaviour: every process state and communication channel memory can be reset to an arbitrary value, a finite number of times. Whatever is the initial configuration of a self-stabilizing system, eventually, it will behave accordingly its specification. The part of the execution, which let the system reach a correct behaviour, is called the convergence phase. Meanwhile this period, the system can break its specification. This PhD thesis presents different techniques to verify good properties on self-stabilizing systems during their convergence phase. First, we have defined a new notion, the transient failure corrector, which is a tool designed to measure the locality of problems with respect to the failure mending problem. We illustrated this notion, giving minimal and maximal bounds for large classes of problems, in which we included classical problems of distributed systems. Then, we proposed generic self-stabilizing algorithms transformers, to ensure that the convergence time is proportional to a bound on the number of tolerated failures, or with different assumptions, to the effective number of transient failures in the initial configuration. Last, we formalize and study a new tool for transient failure mending: the mobile agent. We define the notion of agent-stabilizing systems; we propose agent-stabilizing circulation algorithms, and illustrate the power of agents as a fault mending tool on classical problems of distributed systems