Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TOC variability'
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Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin. "Variabilität der arktischen Ozonschicht : Analyse und Interpretation bodengebundener Millimeterwellenmessungen = Variability of the Arctic ozone layer /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/267905289.pdf.
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Dansereau, Richard. "The Effect of the variability in the physical and chemical properties of magnesium stearate on the preparation of compressed tablets /." Ann Arbor : Univ. Microfilms International, 1985. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016435931.pdf.
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Piel, Claudia. "Variabilität chemischer und physikalischer Parameter des Aerosols in der antarktischen Troposphäre = Variability of chemical and physical parameters of aerosol in the Antarctic troposphere /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/378550012.pdf.
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Konrádová, Paula Bc. "Management pacientů s diagnózou TBC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1444.
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Práce popisuje onemocnění TBC. Dále šíření, průběh, diagnostiku, léčbu a prevenci tohoto onemocnění v České republice. Navazují informace o výskytu TBC ve světě i v ČR. Praktická část je zaměřena na odborný léčebný ústav Jevíčko, konkrétně jeho historii, umístění, zaměření činnosti, obložnost lůžek, pacienty, zaměstnance, ekonomický popis léčby TBC v sanatoriu Jevíčko a ekonomickou pozici této léčebny.
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Unglaub, C., Ch Jacobi, G. Schmidtke, B. Nikutowski, and R. Brunner. "EUV-TEC - an index to describe ionospheric variability using satellite-borne solar EUV measurements: first results." Universität Leipzig, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16362.
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Primary ionisation of major ionospheric constituents is calculated from satellite-borne solar EUV measurements. Number densities of the background atmosphere are taken from the NRLMSISE-00 climatology. From the calculated ionisation rates, an index termed EUV-TEC, which is based on the global total ionisation is calculated, and describes
the ionospheric response to solar EUV and its variability. The index is compared against global mean ionospheric total electron content (TEC) derived from GPS data. Results show that the EUV-TEC index provides a better overall representation of global TEC than conventional solar indices like F10.7 do. The EUV-TEC index may be used for scientific research, and to describe the ionospheric effects on radio communication and navigation systems.
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Chang, Sunny. "Cure Kinetics of Two Part Epoxy Resin and the Effect on Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52781.
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The aerospace industry strives to develop new methods of refining gas turbine engines by increasing power and thermal efficiencies while simultaneously reducing cost. Turbine engines operate under high temperatures and therefore thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) play an important role in improving the performance of the components that make up the engine. Failure of the TBC could lead to catastrophic events, thus requiring consistent and accurate characterization for supplier qualification and production quality assurance. However, due to porosity and the anisotropic behavior of the coating and variability in processing of TBCs, consistent characterization has proven to be extremely challenging. One of the reoccurring issues is the inconsistency in measuring percent porosity, which stems from the difficulty in distinguishing filled pores from damaged, unfilled voids.
Sample preparation of TBCs involves sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and characterization. Eliminating variability in characterization begins with mounting which is a critical step to protect the surface integrity and edge retention of the coating during grinding and polishing. The curing kinetics of a slow cure two part epoxy was investigated and the TBC samples were mounted and cured at heating rates of 2, 5, and 10°C/min to 55°C and 70°C. Grinding and polishing procedures simulated industry practices followed by characterization with optical microscopy. Results showed that heating rates of 2°C/min to 55°C and 70°C have the best impregnation properties while uncontrolled or high heating rates of 10°C/min had an increase in the amount of pullouts and lack of infiltration from the epoxy. The curing kinetics of the epoxy needs to be controlled to eliminate the ambiguity of filled and unfilled pores.Master of Science
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Leterme, Anne-Claire. "Apport des nouvelles technologies à la gestion du stress : e-TCC et biofeedback de variabilité de fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S008.
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Le stress est un enjeu majeur de santé public, responsable du développement et de l’aggravation d’un grand nombre de troubles somatiques (maladies cardio-vasculaires,cancers, maladies infectieuses …) et psychiatriques (anxiété, dépression …). La gestion du stress par les thérapies comportementales, cognitives et émotionnelles (TCCE) est efficace pour réduire les conséquences négatives du stress et prévenir les troubles chez les sujets àrisque, mais son accès reste limité. Internet et les nouvelles technologies du numérique,notamment les self-help, les e-TCC et le biofeedback de variabilité de fréquence cardiaque(biofeedback de VFC) peuvent enrichir les programmes de gestion du stress par les TCCEet faciliter leur accès. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de développeret d’évaluer des formats de traitements novateurs combinant TCCE et nouvellestechnologies.Dans un premier temps, le programme Seren@ctif, premier programme francophone de e-TCC dédié à la gestion du stress, a fait l’objet d’un essai contrôlé randomisé sur 120patients répondant au diagnostic de trouble d’adaptation avec anxiété (TAA) selon lescritères du DSM-5 et venant consulter en service de psychiatrie ambulatoire du CHU deLille. Les résultats ont mis en évidence que la TCCE administrée sur internet et guidée parun temps de contact humain en face-à-face avec un professionnel de santé supervisé(TCCE mixte) est tout aussi efficace que la TCCE entièrement administrée en face-à-facepour le traitement du TAA, par comparaison à un groupe contrôle de patients bénéficiantd’un suivi habituel par leur médecin généraliste.Dans un second temps, un nouveau biofeedback de VFC directement basé sur l’activationvagale, a été élaboré à partir d’une nouvelle mesure d’activation parasympathiquedéveloppée par l’équipe du centre d’investigation clinique, innovations technologiques deLille. Cette thèse présente les étapes d’élaboration de ce nouveau biofeedback, suiviesd’une preuve de concept portant sur plusieurs patients présentant divers troubles anxieuxet dépressifs. Ce nouveau biofeedback de VFC constitue une approche prometteusepermettant de stimuler de manière non-invasive le nerf vague. Il pourrait permettreégalement d’améliorer durablement l’activation vagale et d’objectiver physiologiquementl’effet bénéfique de la Mindful Breathing. Cette approche pourrait être complémentaire autraditionnel biofeedback d’arythmie sinusale respiratoire et permettrait de diversifier lestechniques comportementales associées au biofeedback.Les recherches présentées dans cette thèse contribuent à faire avancer la recherche dans ledomaine des technologies de l’information appliquées à la santé mentale etcomportementale. Elles ouvrent des perspectives innovantes sur une nouvelle façond’administrer les TCCE sur internet, sur l’efficacité potentielle d’un nouveau biofeedbackde VFC, ou encore, sur l’intérêt d’un nouveau marqueur de flexibilité du système nerveuxautonome dans l’évaluation objective de l’efficacité des TCC de troisième vague, notammentla MindfulnessStress is a major public health issue, responsible for the development and aggravation ofa large number of somatic (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, infectious diseases, etc.) andpsychiatric (anxiety, depression, etc.) disorders. Stress management through cognitive,behavioral and emotional therapies (CBT) is effective to reduce the negative consequencesof stress and prevent disorders in people at risk, but its access remains limited. Internetand new digital technologies, in particular self-help, e-CBT and heart rate variabilitybiofeedback (HRV biofeedback) have the potential to enrich CBT-based stressmanagement programs and make their access easier. In this context, the objective of thisthesis was to develop and evaluate innovative treatment formats using CBT and newtechnologies.Initially, the Seren@ctif program, the first French e-CBT program dedicated to stressmanagement, was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial on 120 patients respondingto the diagnosis of adjustment disorder with anxiety (ADA) according to the DSM-5criteria and consulting in the outpatient psychiatry service of the Lille University Hospital.The results showed that internet-based CBT guided by a human face-to-face contact timewith a supervised health professional (blended CBT) is as effective as the same face-tofaceCBT program for the treatment of ADA, compared to a control group of patientsbenefiting from usual care by their general practitioner.Secondly, a new HRV biofeedback, directly based on vagal activation, was designed froma new measure of parasympathetic activation developed by the team of ClinicalInvestigation Center of Innovative Technology at Lille. The different stages of elaborationof this new biofeedback are presented, followed by a proof of concept carried out onseveral patients with various anxiety and depressive disorders. This new HRV biofeedbackis a promising approach to non-invasively stimulate the vagus nerve. It could alsosustainably improve vagal activation and physiologically objectify the beneficial effect ofMindful Breathing. It could be complementary to the traditional respiratory sinusarrhythmia biofeedback and would allow to diversify the behavioral techniques associatedwith biofeedback.Researches presented in this thesis contribute to advancing research in the field ofinformation technologies applied to mental and behavioral health. They open upinnovative perspectives on a new way to deliver an internet-based CBT, on the potentialeffectiveness of a new HRV biofeedback or on the interest of a new marker of flexibilityof the autonomic nervous system in the objective evaluation of the effectiveness of thethird wave of CBT, especially Mindfulness
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Vanti, Francesco. "Quantificazione del controllo motorio fine in età evolutiva: segmentazione del 'placing-bricks' e analisi della variabilità temporale tramite sensori inerziali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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I più comuni metodi per la valutazione della prestazione motoria consistono nella somministrazione di batterie di test standardizzati: questo approccio, soprattutto per le valutazioni di processo, spesso fornisce parametri che sono influenzati dal parere soggettivo dell’osservatore.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di utilizzare i sensori inerziali per l’analisi quantitativa di un test utilizzato per la caratterizzazione della competenza motoria fine in età evolutiva. In particolare è stato strumentato il test motorio “placing bricks” su bambini in età scolare.
Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in due fasi: i) sviluppo e validazione, assumendo come riferimento la stereofotogrammetria, di un algoritmo per la segmentazione temporale automatica del task motorio studiato; ii) analisi della variabilità temporale dei parametri temporali stimati con il nuovo algoritmo a partire da misure inerziali su una popolazione di soggetti in età evolutiva (età compresa tra i 6 e gli 8 anni) rispetto a parametri quali genere, dominanza, età anagrafica.
Le misure quantitative ottenute per ogni popolazione di individui sono state confrontate tra loto con il test Mann-whitney, i risultati mostrano che i soggetti più grandi sono in grado di performare meglio rispetto ai più piccoli, che la mano dominante è più efficiente rispetto a quella non dominante, mentre le performance di maschi e femmine (a parità di età e di mano usata) sono molto simili tra loro.
In conclusione, la strumentazione di un test per la competenza motoria fine è da considerare utile al fine di rendere la valutazione più precisa e approfondita, ma soprattutto oggettiva e può quindi portare il valutatore a una diagnosi più corretta e a una terapia più idonea nel caso di individui affetti da disturbi.
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Zhu, Pengtao [Verfasser], Karl Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Witt, Tom [Gutachter] Lahmer, and Ivo [Gutachter] Herle. "The Variability of the Void Ratio of Sand and its Effect on Settlement and Infinite Slope Stability / Pengtao Zhu ; Gutachter: Tom Lahmer, Ivo Herle ; Betreuer: Karl Josef Witt." Weimar : Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen / Professur Grundbau, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155730267/34.
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Zhu, Pengtao Verfasser], Karl Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] [Witt, Tom [Gutachter] Lahmer, and Ivo [Gutachter] Herle. "The Variability of the Void Ratio of Sand and its Effect on Settlement and Infinite Slope Stability / Pengtao Zhu ; Gutachter: Tom Lahmer, Ivo Herle ; Betreuer: Karl Josef Witt." Weimar : Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen / Professur Grundbau, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20180403-37411.
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Glover, David. "Heart rate variability used to assess changing autonomic functionin transmissible spongiform encephalopathies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/heart-rate-variability-used-to-assess-changing-autonomic-functionin-transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies(f466565a-7d6c-40ae-bd63-bdbe31a4fb6f).html.
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The dorsal vagal nucleus (DMNX) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) are two anatomically distinct regions of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem involved with the control of the heart on a beat to beat basis. The vagus nerve has parasympathetic cell bodies located in the DMNX and NA. The presence of the disease associated prion (PrPD) in the DMNX and NA is used in the post mortem diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in animals. It has been shown that PrPD alters the neuronal discharge properties of infected tissue (Barrow, Holmgren et al.1999; Collinge, Whittington et al. 1994). I wished to investigate whether a change in heart rate variability (HRV) influenced by the presence of PrPD deposits in brainstem areas of animals and people incubating TSEs would be detectable. Recordings from control and infected sheep, cattle and humans, consisting of three hundred-second samples of electrocardiogram (ECG) were collected from species specific healthy controls and subjects incubating TSE disease. Data were digitised at a sampling frequency of 1kHz and were translated and analysed using standard software (CED Spike2 ; IBM SPSS). Artefacts and missed beats were corrected based upon screening by eye. ECG R-wave timings were obtained in order to determine variability in the R-R intervals. An instantaneous tachogram was constructed from which power spectra were calculated. Power spectral analysis along with simpler time domain estimates of HRV, such as RMSSD, were employed to investigate differences between control and infected animals. In addition R wave variability within each breath was utilized to examine the vagal control of the heart in relation to breathing and thus investigate a change in function of the specific neurological areas of the brainstem used as diagnostic criteria for such diseases. It was found there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the HRV of infected sheep, cattle and humans incubating TSE disease compared to control samples. Repeated non-invasive longitudinal tests may provide a means to screen animals and humans for the presence of disease associated prions and may give applications in the objective assessments of putative therapeutics in addition to identifying TSE disease at a preclinical stage.
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Gottfried, Tom [Verfasser], Karl F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Auerswald, Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fiener, and Urs [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidhalter. "Assessing spatial variability of floodplain soil thickness with auxiliary high-resolution data and geostatistical modelling / Tom Gottfried. Gutachter: Peter Fiener ; Karl F. Auerswald ; Urs Schmidhalter. Betreuer: Karl F. Auerswald." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031512144/34.
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Monfredi, Oliver. "The nature and origins of beat-to-beat variability in the heart : in vivo to single cells." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-nature-and-origins-of-beat-to-beat-variability-in-the-heart--in-vivo-to-single-cells(12e4f5df-d734-4ace-9b49-81de8a548dff).html.
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Introduction: Beat-to-beat variability in cycle length exists in spontaneously beating cardiac preparations of varying complexities from the level of the isolated whole heart to the single sinoatrial nodal cell (SANC). The nature of this variability is poorly characterised as are its fundamental physiological origins. Methods: Recordings of spontaneous electrical activity were made from hearts in vivo, during Langendorff-perfusion, and from single SANC. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated in the time- and frequency-domains at baseline and in response to pharmacological mediators that interfered with critical processes involved in automaticity (catecholamines, carbachol, ivabradine, zatebradine, ryanodine and thapsigargin). In addition, a novel 2D technique for imaging Ca2+ fluorescence in spontaneously beating, fluo4-AM loaded, patched single sinoatrial nodal cells was developed to investigate the biophysical behaviour of Ca2+ during pacemaking to see if variability in this was responsible for SANC HRV. Results: Under baseline, temperature-stable conditions, levels of HRV were greatest in vivo (human > rat). SANC exhibited slightly lower levels of HRV, whereas HRV levels expressed by Langendorff-perfused hearts were the least (rabbit > rat), although still comprised a significant proportion of the variability witnessed in vivo. Anaesthetising in vivo rabbits decreased HRV to levels similar to those seen in the Langendorff-perfused heart. HRV was decreased by catecholamines and by ryanodine/thapsigargin in the Langendorff heart. Conversely, HRV was increased by carbachol, ivabradine, zatebradine and ryanodine in SANC. Heart rate changes had a marked effect on levels of HRV. 2D Ca2+ imaging of SANC showed that diastolic local Ca2+ releases (LCRs) occurred earlier than previously thought, with early LCRs having characteristics that were distinct from later LCRs. Mean time of occurrence of all the LCRs within a given diastole closely predicted the duration of the cycle. The rate of restitution of the whole cell Ca2+ transient (used as a surrogate for the pumping function of SERCA) in turn closely predicted the mean time of occurrence of LCRs. Tight synchronisation of the electrical activity of the cell with the biophysical behaviour of Ca2+ appeared to predict shorter cycle lengths. Isoprenaline increased LCR amplitude, though did not increase LCR number, size or duration. Isoprenaline caused LCRs to occur earlier, and synchronised their occurrence and the rate of pumping of Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Finally, LCRs were found to preferentially recur in certain regions of the cell, dubbed hotspots. Isoprenaline favoured hotspot production. Conclusion: Whilst greatest in vivo, significant HRV exists in spontaneously beating cardiac preparations devoid of a functioning autonomic nervous system. Studies in SANC indicate that the origin of this is likely to be variability in release of LCRs from the SR via ryanodine receptors. This in turn is controlled by SR refilling kinetics via SR Ca2+ pumping. The coupled system of membrane- and Ca2+-pacemaker clocks are so heavily intertwined that myriad factors will come to bear on generating such variability, including the amount of Ca2+ available for pumping and the phosphorylation state of key proteins, to the extent that variability in no one process can take the credit for generating such HRV.
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Strumolo, Mara. "Metodologie per l'analisi dell'evoluzione della domanda e dell'offerta energetica in Emilia Romagna a supporto della predisposizione del PAESC." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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L'elaborato si concentra inizialmente su costruzione ed analisi dei bilanci energetici Eurostat a livello regionale (BER), in quanto strumenti fondamentali alla base della pianificazione energetica. In particolare, lo studio parte dal bilancio regionale dell’Emilia Romagna per l'anno 2017 per poi proseguire con la "discesa di scala" a livello locale, esponendo le modalità di compilazione di un bilancio energetico comunale (BEC). Si riportano dunque le due strade che è possibile percorrere per giungere alla stesura di un BEC, le quali trovano le proprie fondamenta rispettivamente in una logica "top-down" e una "bottom-up". In seguito, si passa ad una trattazione dettagliata del "Piano d’azione per l’energia sostenibile e il clima" (PAESC) e si prosegue con l'esposizione del caso studio relativo alla città di Parma. Ci si sofferma infine sulle criticità relative alla raccolta dei dati necessari alla compilazione dei bilanci energetici e si conclude con le possibili prospettive future di miglioramento.
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Tucker, Michael Richard. "Epidemiology of the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) : intra- and interseasonal variability in outbreak severity in Eastern Africa in relation to weather and moth migration." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/epidemiology-of-the-african-armyworm-spodoptera-exempta--intra-and-interseasonal-variability-in-outbreak-severity-in-eastern-africa-in-relation-to-weather-and-moth-migration(24cbecf0-de57-4cef-b3d4-f883dcb279bb).html.
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The work described in this thesis aims to improve understanding of the environmental factors affecting the epidemiology of the migratory noctuid moth pest the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker). The role of weather as a factor causing differences in frequency and location of armyworm outbreaks between seasons is particularly examined. The work is put in context by a review of literature on insect (particulary moth) migration and of the weather and climate of eastern Africa. Armyworm reports and weather records for eastern Africa are analysed for armyworm seasons from 1972-88 and, for a limited dataset, for the beginning of the 1992-93 season. Outbreaks are classified into those derived from low-density populations (primaries) and those from previous outbreaks (secondaries). Moth migrations between outbreaks are estimated from synoptic windfields using trajectory analysis. The association between outbreaks and rainstorms within a season and the relationship between seasonal variations in outbreak frequency and rainfall are investigated. The use of satellite data for identifying rainstorms is described. The results support the hypothesis that outbreaks at the beginning of the season are derived from low-density populations and mostly occur in identifiable 'primary outbreak areas' but that most later outbreaks are secondaries. Severe outbreaks often'follow dry periods and persistent rainfall from October to December is associated with low armyworm seasons. Individual outbreaks are associated with the edge of rainstorms supporting the hypothesis that migrating moths are concentrated by rainstorm outflows before outbreak formation. The frequency of particular long-distance moth migrations is discussed in relation to hypotheses about the change in migratory potential of armyworm during the season and the reason for the apparent lack of return migration.
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Planque, Yann. "Écologie trophique de deux espèces sympatriques de phoques en périphérie de leur aire de répartition." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS032.
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Le phoque veau-marin (Phoca vitulina) et le phoque gris (Halichoerus grypus), deux espèces sympatriques de mammifères marins, sont de plus en plus considérés comme des compétiteurs potentiels, et ce plus particulièrement au cœur de leur distribution européenne. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les stratégies de chasse et l’écologie trophique de ces espèces en limite de leur aire de distribution (baie de Somme, Manche Est, France), et d’explorer l’hypothèse de compétition interspécifique. Des outils de bio-télémétrie ont été déployés sur 49 individus afin d’obtenir des données sur leurs déplacements et plongées en mer. L’analyse des localisations en surface et du comportement en plongée, complétée plus récemment par la détection de tentatives de captures de proies (accélérométrie), a permis de mieux comprendre les stratégies de chasse de ces espèces, et d’améliorer la détection des zones de chasse. Les niches trophiques des deux espèces de phoques ont ensuite été caractérisées par analyse du régime alimentaire, des isotopes stables (vibrisses des mêmes individus capturés), et des zones de chasse. Un important chevauchement interspécifique a été identifié entre ces niches, résultant de la consommation de poissons plats benthiques en zone côtière, ce qui apporte ici le contexte informatif d’une potentielle compétition. Cette étude montre aussi le rôle clé des stratégies individuelles de chasse sur les conclusions écologiques à l’échelle de l’espèce/sous-population,dont la potentielle compétition qui serait induite par certains phoques gris. La poursuite des suivis est nécessaire pour détecter tout potentiel changement écologique dont l’origine serait trophiqueHarbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) are two sympatric marine mammal species that are increasingly considered as potential competitors, especially at their European core distributions. The objective of this PhD was to study the foraging strategies and trophic ecology of these species at the limit of their range (Baie de Somme, Eastern English Channel, France), and to investigate the hypothesis of potential interspecific competition. Biotelemetry devices were fitted on 49 individuals to document their movements and dives at sea.The analysis of surface locations and diving behaviour, completed recently by the detection of Prey Capture Attempts (accelerometry), allowed for a better understanding of the two seal species’ foraging strategies and improved the detection of their foraging areas. Trophic niches of the two seal species were then characterised with the analysis of diet, stable isotopes (in the whiskers of the same captured individuals), and foraging areas. A high interspecific trophic overlap was identified between these niches, resulting from the consumption of benthic flatfish in coastal areas, and we suggest that it provides here the basis for potential competition between both species. This study also showed the key role of individual foraging strategies on the ecological conclusions at the scale of the species/sub-population, including that the potential competition may be due to some individual grey seal strategies. Continuing these studies is essential to detect any potential ecological changes that could be trophically-induced
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Kuriakose, Jaise. "The resilience of low carbon electricity provision to climate change impacts : the role of smart grids." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-resilience-of-low-carbon-electricity-provision-to-climate-change-impacts-the-role-of-smart-grids(c139ce36-d73c-4d8b-913e-f66826496405).html.
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The UK’s decarbonisation strategy to increasingly electrify heating and transport will change the demand requirement on the electricity system. Additionally, under a climate change future, it is projected that the decarbonised grid will need to be able to operate under higher average temperatures in the UK, increasing the need for comfort cooling during summer and leading to additional electricity demand. These new demands will result in greater variation between minimum and peak demand as well as a significant increase in overall demand. Concurrently, supply-side decarbonisation programmes may lead to more intermittent renewables such as wind, PV, tidal and wave, elevating variability in electricity generation. Coupled with the anticipated higher variation in demand this brings on several challenges in operating the electricity grid. In order to characterise these challenges this research develops a bespoke electricity dispatch model which builds on hourly models of demand and generation. The hourly demand profiles are based on a high electrification of heating, transport and cooling coupled with future temperatures premised on the UKCP09 high emission scenario climate projections. The demand profiles show a significant increase in peak demand by 2050 reaching 194 GW, mainly due to summer cooling loads which contribute 70% of the demand. The cumulative CO2 emissions budgets of the GB power sector that are consistent with avoiding global climate change to 2°C are used to develop two low carbon generation scenarios distinguished by the amount of intermittent renewable generation technologies. The dispatch model tests the capability of generation scenarios with the use of hourly generation models in meeting future demand profiles out to 2050.The outputs from dispatch model indicate that there are shortages and excesses of generation relative to demand from 2030 onwards. The variability analysis outlines low and high generation periods from intermittent technologies along with the pace at which intermittent generation increases or decreases within an hour. The characterisation of variability analysis reveals the type of reserve capacity or smart solutions that are required to maintain the security of electricity supply. The solutions that could address the challenges quantified from the model outputs in operating a decarbonised GB electricity grid are explored using expert interviews. The analysis of the stakeholder interviews suggests smart grid solutions that include technologies as well as changes in operational procedures in order to enhance the operational resilience of the grid. Active Network Management through monitoring and control, demand management, storage systems and interconnectors are proposed to address challenges arising from varying demand and generation variability.
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Ghadeer, Samer. "An investigation of the sediment dispersal operating to control lithofacies variability and organic carbon preservation in an ancient mud-dominated succession : a case study of the Lower Jurassic mudstone dominated succession exposed in the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-the-sediment-dispersal-operating-to-control-lithofacies-variability-and-organic-carbon-preservation-in-an-ancient-muddominated-succession-a-case-study-of-the-lower-jurassic-mudstone-dominated-succession-exposed-in-the-cleveland-basin-north-yorkshire(9144b96d-09d4-4f4e-8404-3ebe2a7d6690).html.
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In this study the Cleveland Ironstone and Whitby Mudstone Formations have been investigated to characterise: a) the evolving mudstone facies present in a basin that is gradually deepening and developing bottom water anoxia over time and b) what the fundamental geological controls were on this variability. Using detailed facies descriptions obtained from analyses of approximately 151 samples obtained from combined optical, electron optical and geochemical methods 6 lithofacies have been identified. These include: 1) sand and clay-bearing, silt-rich mudstones, 2) siltbearing, clay-rich mudstones, 3) clay-rich mudstones, 4) clay, calcareous nannoplankton-, and organic carbon-bearing mudstones, 5) fine-grained muddy sandstones, and 6) cement rich mudstones. Individually, the samples are highly heterogeneous and typically organised into thin beds (<10 mm thick). These beds contain varying proportions of materials derived from inputs to the basin, primary production within the basin and the effects of diagenesis. In addition, they are microtexturally diverse and preserve primary depositional textures such as: sharp bases, normal graded bedding, starved ripple laminae, triplet fabrics, tempestites, pelleted laminae as well as a variety of burrowing fabrics. With these data three main questions were addressed (each of these questions forms the basis of a paper). These include (1) Identifying the main processes responsible for sediment dispersal in this succession, (2) Discussing the mechanisms of organic carbon preservation when bottom water anoxia was not as prevalent as most authors have assumed and (3) Determining if this succession can be interpreted within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The presence of ripples and triplet fabrics throughout this succession indicate that mud deposition in this succession was much more dynamic than most researchers had assumed. Moreover there was not that much difference between the processes operating to deliver and disperse sediment in the coarser parts of the succession compared with those operating in the finer grained, more production parts of the succession. The large volumes of organic carbon preserved here indicate that the role of bottom water anoxia as a pre-requisite for enhanced organic carbon preservation in sediments has been overstated. Moreover, the presence of marine snow suggests that much of the organic carbon was delivered episodically to the sea floor following phytoplankton blooms. Finally, as a significant fraction of the sediment is being dispersed by advective processes operating to infill available accommodation the building of sequences can be recognised (namely beds, parasequences, and systems tracts at stratal surfaces) this type of succession is reasonably interpreted using sequence stratigraphic principles. This study demonstrates that it is possible to directly link up-dip lithofacies variability in proximal sandy-mudstone deposits with coeval variations down-dip in distal basinal deposits. There is no reason why the processes occurring in basinal settings should be disconnected from those occurring up-dip in the lower shore face and offshore transition environments as their deposition represents a continuum of processes.
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Lawson, Kenneth Allen. "A study of prescription dispensing cost variability among Texas Medicaid pharmacy providers /." 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/189163453.pdf.
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Grasmäder, Katja. "Pharmacokinetics of antidepressants and lithium : variability and clinical implication for individual dose adaptation /." 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/387857303.pdf.
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Fraser, S. A. "Nanoscale imaging of the Woodford Shale, Oklahoma, USA: Organic matter preservation as clay-organic nanocomposites." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92218.
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This item is only available electronically.Regional and within well variability in hydrocarbon production from organic carbon rich shales has demonstrated that these unconventional reservoirs are complex and require an in-depth understanding of geological factors to make successful predictions. Variability is apparent in porosity and permeability, mechanical properties governing fracture susceptibility for enhanced hydrocarbon release, and concentrations of organic carbon (OC). The economically successful, though variable Woodford Shale, Oklahoma, USA, shows a R2 = 0.72 correlation between mineral surface area (MSA) and total organic carbon (TOC) consistent with a mineral surface preservative effect on OC extending across a range of samples from multiple cores and with TOC values of <0.5% to 18%. The TOC and MSA data illustrates the systematic stratigraphic covariant relationship between TOC and MSA showing steps of up to 15% TOC that are matched by similar shifts in MSA. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging performed on ~80 nanometre thick ultramicrotomed thin sections independently confirms quantitative geochemical clay-OC associations at the nanoscopic scale of interaction. Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) spot analyses reveal that organic carbon is entirely constrained to nanoscale clay laminae within the sample. Grey zones encapsulated by clay aggregates appear homogeneous at low magnifications and are similar to discrete organic matter particles commonly interpreted in recent studies. However, high resolution inspection resolves these zones in to laminated clay particles occurring at tens of nanometres. TEM micrographs of later stage submicron-scale quartz grain growth may also explain how the opposing mechanisms of hydrocarbon leaching and entrapment can co-exist for over 300 million years and provide an insight into shale brittleness, known to increase fracture susceptibility. Determining key modes of how OC is preserved during deposition and early diagenesis in proven gas-shales, such as the Woodford Shale encompasses a more holistic approach to enhancing the prediction of prospective hydrocarbon resources in frontier basins.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2012
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Pojezdná, Anežka. "Variabilita alel MHC I a kožní prozánětlivá reaktivita u plemen kura domácího." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353820.
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Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is an economically important model species in science. Knowledge of the immune system of this species is therefore crucial. In research the commercial stocks are usually used together with laboratory inbred lines. They have an unnatural variability, as a result of inbreeding, their genetic and phenotypic variability is reduced. This laboratory lines are therefore not the best model for research of variability. Presently, genetically diversified poultry populations can be found in rural stocks and fancy breeds. These breeds could be good model for research in variability of immunoresponse. In this thesis, I try to map the genetic variability of the binding site of MHC class I glycoproteins in fowl breeds. In chickens are these molecules encoded in duplicated gene called BF (BF1 and BF2). These genes are relatively well known and considerable variability has been described in domestic fowl. Our results suggest a high genetic variability of MHC I in domestic fowl breeds. We had identified 41 haplotypes in 25 individuals of 14 breeds, including 7 haplotypes already known from the literature. I also focused on proinflammatory activity in fowl breeds. I watched swelling of tissue and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 after subcutaneous...
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Buckley, John G., David B. Elliott, Louise Johnson, and Andy J. Scally. "Multifocal spectacles increase variability in toe clearance and risk of tripping in the elderly." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3141.
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NoPURPOSE. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that elderly people who wear multifocal spectacles have an increased risk of tripping, particularly on stairs. Yet no studies have experimentally examined how wearing multifocal spectacles affects stair and step negotiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of wearing multifocal compared with single-distance vision spectacles on minimum toe clearance and risk of tripping during step negotiation in the elderly. METHODS. Nineteen healthy subjects (mean age, 71.4 years) performed a single step up to a new level (heights, 7.5, 15, and 22 cm) while wearing multifocal (bifocals and progressive addition lenses) or single-distance vision spectacles. Minimum horizontal and vertical toe clearance were assessed by analyzing data collected with a five-camera, three-dimensional motion-analysis system. RESULTS. There was no difference in mean minimum toe clearance in subjects when wearing multifocal compared with single-distance vision spectacles. However, there was greater within-subject variability in vertical toe clearance when wearing multifocal spectacles (variance ratio, 1.53; P = 0.0004). Subjects were also significantly more likely to trip when wearing multifocal compared with single-vision spectacles (one-sided Fisher's exact test P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS. Because of increased within-subject variability in vertical toe clearance when wearing multifocal spectacles, elderly individuals may be at greater risk of falling when negotiating steps and stairs if they do not also consistently increase margins of safety (mean vertical toe clearance). This suggests that some elderly who are at high risk of falling may benefit from wearing single-distance vision rather than multifocal spectacles when walking.
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Unglaub, C., Christoph Jacobi, G. Schmidtke, B. Nikutowski, and R. Brunner. "Proxies to describe ionospheric variability and heating rates of the upper atmosphere: current progress." 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16428.
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An updated version of the EUV-TEC proxy, describing the total primary ionisation of the upper atmosphere, is calculated from satellite-borne EUV measurements. Regional number densities of the background model atmosphere consisting of four major constituents are taken from the NRLMSISE-00 climatology. Furthermore, a first estimate of a global thermospheric heating rate is calculated from the absorbed energy.
For the calculations the Lambert-Beer law is used to describe the decrease of the radiation along their way through the atmosphere. The EUV-TEC proxy is compared against the global mean total electron content (TEC), obtained from vertical TEC maps derived from GPS data. Strong correlations between these indices are found on different time scales. Results show that the EUV-TEC proxy describes the ionospheric variability better than the conventional solar index F10.7, especially at short time scales of days to weeks.
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Kaempfel, Ursula. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Membranen und Zellwandbestandteile von Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, Spirulina maxima SAG B 84.79 und Synechocystis PCC 6714 /." 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/121315576.pdf.
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