Academic literature on the topic 'Tobacco px Physiological effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tobacco px Physiological effect"
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Perona, G., R. Schiavon, G. C. Guidi, D. Veneri, and P. Minuz. "Selenium Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase: A Physiological Regulatory System for Platelet Function." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 64, no. 02 (1990): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647308.
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SummaryIn human platelets the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) acts as a scavenger of the peroxides generated during the burst of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Such a mechanism inhibits the biosynthesis of both thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and lipoxygenase products. The same mechanism is not effective on the prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis from cultured endothelial cells. In order to evaluate this effect in vivo, besides in vitro, we activated the enzyme in eight normal volunteers by increasing their daily Se intake for 8 weeks, monitoring: platelet GSH-Px activity, platelet aggregation induced by A A and U 44069, and concurrent malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production, urinary excretion of renal and systemic TXA2 and PGI2 metabolites, platelet enzyme activities of the hexose monophosphate pathway and glutathione content, platelet adenine nucleotides, bleeding time, plasma Se concentration. We found: a) progressive platelet GSH-Px activation by Se paralleling an enhancement of platelet aggregation threshold values for AA, but not for U 44069; b) concurrent inhibition of platelet biosynthesis of TXA2 both in vitro and in vivo while the biosynthesis of systemic prostacyclin was unaffected; c) a progressive increase in the bleeding time, unmodified by aspirin. In conclusion, we believe that Se-dependent GSH-Px represents a physiological mechanism regulating the biosynthesis of prostanoids with implications in platelet function and that a Se dietary supplement might be considered in the prevention of arterial thrombosis.
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Baj, Z., K. Zeman, Ewa Majewska, W. Wasowicz, Maria Sklodowska, Jola Gromadzinska, and H. Tchórzewski. "Does the Selenium (SE) Level and Se-Dependent Enzyme Activity in Blood Plasma Correlate with Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Function?" International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 5, no. 1 (January 1992): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463209200500102.
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Recent literature data on the effects of Se on subpopulations of T lymphocytes, on autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity are limited or poorly defined. In healthy volunteers we have estimated se levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and lipid peroxide levels in human plasma and simultaneously, the subpopulations of T lymphocytes, proliferation in AMLR, and activity of NK cells. We found a significantly positive correlation between the selenium level and GSH-Px activity. The proliferative response in AMLR significantly correlated with plasma selenium levels but not with GSH-Px activity. NK cytotoxicity, subpopulations of T lymphocytes, and lipid peroxide levels did not correlate with both selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity. We suppose that the effect of Se on the proliferation of suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts) in AMLR is not mediated through GSH-Px activity and fluctuations of Se concentration within a physiological range in healthy persons do not affect NK cytotoxicity.
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Zachara, Bronisław A., Jolanta Gromadzińska, Wojciech Wasowicz, and Zbigniew Zbróg. "Red blood cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities and selenium concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3294.
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The metabolism of oxygen in aerobic organisms leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These entities are able to oxidize almost all classes of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The physiological level of ROS is usually regulated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. There are at least three groups of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases, catalases and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Pxs) which neutralize ROS. The trace elements (copper, zinc and selenium) bound to the active sites of the above listed enzymes play an important role in the antioxidant defense system. In mammals, a major function of selenium (Se) and Se-dependent GSH-Pxs is to protect cells from oxidative stress. Selenium concentrations and GSH-Px activities are altered in blood components of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The Se level is frequently lower than in healthy subjects and the concentration very often decreases gradually with advancing stage of the disease. Studies on red cell GSH-Px activity in CKD patients reported its values significantly lower, significantly higher and lower or higher, but not significantly as compared with healthy subjects. On the other hand, all authors who studied plasma GSH-Px activity have shown significantly lower values than in healthy subjects. The degree of the reduction decreases gradually with the progression of the disease. High inverse correlations were seen between plasma GSH-Px activity and creatinine level. A gradual decrease in plasma GSH-Px activity in CKD patients is due to the fact that this enzyme is synthesized predominantly in the kidney and thus the impairment of this organ is the cause of the enzyme's lower activity. Se supplementation to CKD patients has a slightly positive effect in the incipient stage of the disease, but usually no effect was observed in end-stage CKD. Presently, kidney transplantation is the only treatment that may restore plasma Se level and GSH-Px activity in patients suffering from end-stage CKD. A few studies have shown that in kidney recipients, plasma Se concentration and GSH-Px activity are restored to normal values within a period of 2 weeks to 3 months following surgery and thus it can be acknowledged that Se supplementation to those patients has a positive effect on plasma GSH-Px activity.
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Karakılçık, A. Ziya, and Mesut Aksakal. "Some Metabolic Functions and Metabolism of Selenium and its relations with Vitamin E." European Journal of Therapeutics 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther-199342-1111-x.
Full textAbstract:
Selenium (Se) concentrations in the animal tissues vary according to the tissue and the amount and chemical form of Se in diet. in cattle and sheep Se concentrations rank in the order kidney, Iiver, heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Se like other elements, has a bimodal effect. At normal concentrations, Se is an essential trace element necessary for growth in man and animals. However, ıntake of high concentrations of Se can show toxic effects; ingestion of very low concentrations of this trace element results in Se-deficiency sympthoms in man and animals. The main physiological function of Se is as a component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. GSH-Px activity is very important for physiological functions of the liver, heart, skelatal muscle and erythrocytes.
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Cui, Boya, Lanying Liu, Tao Shi, Min Yin, Xu Feng, and Yu Shan. "The Ethanolic Extract of Lycium ruthenicum Ameliorates Age-Related Physiological Damage in Mice." Molecules 28, no. 22 (November 15, 2023): 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227615.
Full textAbstract:
Aging and age-related diseases are important study topics due to their associations with progressive physiological damage to genes, cells, tissues, and the entire organism, which ultimately affects the functional efficiency of organs. Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a functional food that is known for its high contents of anthocyanins and spermidines, both of which have been demonstrated to have positive effects on anti-aging activity and anti-oxidation. In this study, we used HPLC-MS to analyze the constituents of L. ruthenicum Murr. Extract (LRM) and investigated their potential mechanism for exerting antioxidative effects in D-galactose (D-Gal) aging model mice. LRM (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg) improved cognitive function in D-Gal-treated mice, as shown by reduced escape latencies and increased platform crossings in behavioral tests. We measured the contents of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the enzyme activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice serum and brain after 6 weeks of D-Gal treatment. LRM decreased the contents of LPO and MDA and increased the enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px, indicating the protection effect of LRM against D-Gal-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, LRM can inhibit oxidative stress in cells by reducing intracellular ROS levels and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting paraquat (PQ)-induced cellular senescence and delaying cell aging. Therefore, LRM has the potential to be a healthcare product for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Wang, Jian, Li Zhang, Xia Tang, Yuhang Tang, Zhijie Zhang, Liangwen Ye, Wei Xu, Xiangyi Hou, and Xianghui Suo. "The Effect of Lidan Huashi Pills on the Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Growth of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Kidneys of Rats." Urology Research 2, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ur.v2i2.7397.
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Objective: To explore the effects of Lidan Huashi Pills on the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and growth of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys of rats. Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, and an experimental group, with 10 rats in each group. The blank group was free to eat and drink water for 8 weeks; the ethylene glycol method was used for the standard calcium oxalate crystal modeling in the control group and experimental group for 4 weeks. The model group was given free feeding and physiological saline (2 ml/d) by continuous gavage for 4 weeks; the experimental group was given free feeding and Lidan Huashi Pills (450 mg/kg, 2 ml/d) by continuous gavage for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were euthanized, and the left kidney was taken for GSH-Px level detection. The right kidney was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to observe the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Results: After 4 weeks of modeling, the urinary calcium levels in the model group and experimental group significantly increased compared to the blank group (868.00 ± 39.29 vs 929.40 ± 33.61, P < 0.05), indicating successful modeling. The urine calcium ion concentration in the experimental group after modeling was significantly lower than that in the model group (929.40 ± 33.61 vs 888.60 ± 25.92, P < 0.05). The grading score of calcium oxalate crystals in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05); the grading score of calcium oxalate crystals in the experimental group was lower than that in the model group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The GSH-Px activity in the left kidney of the model group was significantly lower than that of the blank group [203.49 (208.21, 144.22) vs 494.91 (431.32, 538.18), P < 0.05); the GSH-Px activity in the left kidney of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the model group [433.60 (383.86, 504.49) vs 203.49 (208.21, 144.22), P < 0.05). Morphological observation and H&E staining suggest that the formation of right kidney crystals and inflammation in the experimental group are between the blank group and the model group. Conclusion: Lidan Huashi Pills can enhance the serum GSH-Px activity in rats and inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals and inflammatory response in the kidneys, thus playing a role in preventing and treating urinary tract stones.
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Lin, Qianmin, Bingbing Song, Yingxiong Zhong, Huan Yin, Ziyu Li, Zhuo Wang, Kit-Leong Cheong, Riming Huang, and Saiyi Zhong. "Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate on Antioxidant and Anti-Ageing Activities in Caenorhabditis elegans." Foods 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2023): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071400.
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As an acidic polysaccharide, the formation of Hyaluronic acid (HA) is typically Sodium Hyaluronate (SH) for knee repair, oral treatment, skincare and as a food additive. Nevertheless, little information is available on the anti-ageing activity of SH as a food additive. Therefore, we treated C. elegans with SH, then inferred the anti-aging activity of SH by examining the lifespan physiological indicators and senescence-associated gene expression. Compared with the control group, SH (800 μg/mL) prolonged the C. elegans’ lifespans in regular, 35 °C and H2O2 environment by 0.27-fold, 0.25-fold and 1.17-fold. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were increased by 8.6%, 0.36% and 167%. However, lipofuscin accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased by 36%, 47.8–65.7% and 9.5–13.1%. After SH treatment, athletic ability was improved and no impairment of reproductive capacity was seen. In addition, SH inhibited the blocking effect of age-1 and up-regulated gene levels involving daf-16, sod-3, gst-4 and skn-1. In conclusion, SH provides potential applications in anti-ageing and anti-oxidation and regulates physiological function.
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Kalashnikov, S. V., and M. V. Shkidyuk. "Identification characteristics of non-smoking tobacco products." New Technologies 17, no. 2 (June 6, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-25-32.
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Modern trends in the reduction of cigarette consumption have led to the spread of smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products [1]; their variety creates certain problems with the identification of products in this segment. Sucking tobacco (snus) has been banned in the Russian Federation for wholesale and retail trade since 2015, but it is a product similar to chew- ing tobacco in packaging, ingredient composition and physiological effects. Therefore, establishing the identification characteristics of chewing tobacco is an urgent task. The attitude towards chewing tobacco is controversial. The absence of the smoldering / burning process characteristic of cigarettes indicates a decrease in the harmful effect on the human body. At the same time, the physiological ef- fect on the consumer is based on the effect of nicotine extracted from tobacco through the oral mucosa. Consumer indicators of samples of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products have been investigated: moisture content, fractional composition and nicotine content. The moisture content of samples of non-smoking products ranges from 19,0 % to 36,5 %. The nicotine content in the investigated tobacco / non-tobacco products is 0,3–2,4 % / 1,0–8,8 % respectively. To establish the identification signs of smokeless tobacco products the following methods have been used: product fractionation, optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, and liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS / MS). The main feature of the difference between smokeless tobacco products and non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been determined – the presence of tobacco in the ingredient composition, confirmed by the structure of the product and the content of specific tobacco nitrosamines. As a result of the research, experimental data were obtained on the quantitative determination of the content of tobacco specific nitrosamines by the LCMS / MS method in smokeless tobacco products. The main identification feature of chewing tobacco has been established: the presence of raw tobacco in the ingredient composition with a coarse fraction content is at least 15 %.
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Zhang, Shuyi, Weichang Gao, Kai Cai, Taoze Liu, and Xingshi Wang. "Effects of Microplastics on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112692.
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The environmental effects caused by the proliferation of microplastics have received extensive attention. However, at this stage, there is a lack of research on the toxicology of microplastics and their impacts on plants. This study explored the effects of microplastics on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco. Using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) variety Yunyan87 and low-density polyethylene (LDPE, 13 μm particle size), different concentrations, which were 0 mg/L (CK), 10 mg/L (T1), 100 mg/L (T2), and 1000 mg/L (T3), were subjected to hydroponic experiments to study the effects of microplastics on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco. The results showed that microplastics had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco. Among them, high concentrations of microplastics significantly inhibited the root architecture and growth characteristics. According to the performance observed with different treatments, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in the medium and high concentrations. In addition, the changes in catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity were not obvious. Experiments showed that microplastics could significantly inhibit the growth and development of tobacco and reduce the accumulation of aerial parts and root biomass.
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Anuradha, M., K. Sivaraju, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Effect of waterlogging on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco." Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-013-0008-0.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tobacco px Physiological effect"
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Lee, Sherman. "The effect of acute cigarette smoke exposure on regional pulmonary blood flow, volume, red cell transit and polymorphonuclear leukocyte retention in the rabbit lung." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24840.
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Regional pulmonary blood flow and volume was measured in ten rabbits
anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). Tracheostomy was performed and
catheters were placed into the jugular vein and carotid artery. The cardiac
⁹⁹mtc output was measured using the indicator-dilution technique using Tc labelled RBC followed by an injection of radiolabelled macroaggregates (MAA) to mark regional blood flow. Measurements were made both before and after either exposure to cigarette smoke (3 cigarettes for ten minutes at 4 puffs/minute) or sham exposure to air. The animals were sacrificed and the lungs were removed with the vessels tied. The lungs were then inflated and rapidly frozen over liquid nitrogen. The lungs were sampled into slices by vertical height, each slice was further sampled and then gamma counted for the injected isotopes. Regional pulmonary blood flow was calculated by setting the total lung MAA counts for each MAA equal to the cardiac output so that the sample flow was calculated as the fraction of sample counts to total counts times the cardiac output. The blood volume was marked by the labelled RBC and RBC transit was calculated as blood volume (ml) divided by blood flow (ml/sec).
In a second series of experiments (N=10) , ⁵¹Cr PMN were injected as a bolus along with ⁹⁹mtc RBC in an indicator-dilution run. Following the injection of the cells, the blood flow was marked with MAAs and then the same sham or smoke treatments were given as in the previous experiments. At the end of ten minutes, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed the same as before. Regional PMN retention was calculated as the [formula omitted]. The data show that smoke exposure increased pulmonary blood volume (p<.01), pulmonary transit time (pPathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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馮建裕 and Kin Yue Clive Fung. "The effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival suppuration, bleeding on probing and pocket depths in male tobaccosmoking and non-smoking adults." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628466.
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Alm, David Michael. "Comparison and interaction of heat and salt stress in cultured tobacco cells." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/445616.
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Cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Wisconsin-38) were subjected to temporary sub-lethal heat and salt shock treatments to determine the effects of these treatments on various physiological parameters after subsequent lethal heat or salt stresses. Tobacco cells developed a tolerance to a non-permissive temperature stress (54C for 14 min) when pretreated with heat shock of 38C for 2h but not when pretreated at 42C for 2h. Cells pretreated at 38 (2h) exhibited less than 30% normal growth when the 54C stress came immediately after the 38C treatment. Tolerance to the 54C stress developed with increased interval between shock and stress with cells exhibiting 95% normal regrowth when the 54C stress was administered 8h after the 38C shock. The developement of heat tolerance was inhibited if heat shock was done in the presence of a non-injuring level of EGTA (.0.5mM). Cells treated with EGTA during heat shock grew normally at 23C but not after a 54C heat stress. EDTA (0.5mM) had little effect on the acquisition of tolerance to heat stress.Wisconsin-38 cells developed a tolerance to a non-permissive salt stress (2% NaCl for 16h) when pretreated at a lower salt level (1.2% NaCl) for 3h. Cells heat shocked at 38C exhibited increased tolerance of the lethal salt stress up to 8h. Conversely, cells heat shocked at 42C exhibited immediate tolerance to lethal salt stress and this tolerance decayed over eight hours. The heat shock-induced acquisition of salt tolerance was inhibited by both EGTA and EDTA.Proteins synthesized during heat and salt stress treatments were labeled with [35S]-methionine and/or [3H]-leucine and separated using Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fluorographic analysis of the gels indicate that a number of proteins are produced in response to heat shock. Similar analysis of proteins from salt shocked cells indicates that no salt shock proteins are produced in response to a brief low-level sodium chloride shock.
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Wang, Hongying, and 汪紅英. "Studies on the mechanisms of cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation in gastric epithelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124113X.
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沈毅峰 and Ngai-fung Sham. "Study of the protective mechanisms of cigarette smoke and nicotine on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225081.
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周古筠 and Ku-kwan Clara Chau. "The association of smoking and erectile dysfunction in the men's health survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970412.
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Parr, Sharon M. "The effects of graduated exercise at the piano on the pianist's cardiac output, forearm blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/434086.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of graduated exercise at the piano on the pianist's cardiac output, forearm blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure. Also considered were the effects of piano practice conditioning, general cardiovascular conditioning, and acute cigarette smoking on the aforementioned parameters during and after graduated piano exercise.Fifteen adult pianists participated in the study. The piano exercises consisted of bilateral scales played in eight three-minute stages. Tempo was constant within stages but increased with each new stage. Cardiac output and forearm blood flow were monitored by electrical impedance utilizing a tetrapolar electrode-placement system.FindingsCardiac output, forearm blood flow, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure generally increased proportionally to exercise intensity and returned to basal levels within a five-minute recovery period.ConclusionsStrenuous piano exercise stresses the body in general, not just the active forearm muscles.The stress load placed on the heart by piano playing can be at least as great as that produced by a brisk walk.Piano playing can generate an oxygen debt in the forearm muscles.Conditioning of forearm muscles through regular piano practice results in training effect for piano playing in those muscles.Pianists who participate regularly in quality aerobic exercise programs generally begin and end piano exercise with lower heart rates than those who do not exercise. Frequently, they increase heart rates to a lesser extent during exercise and settle into steady postexercise rates more quickly as well.Both regular piano practice and general cardiovascular conditioning gained through quality aerobic exercise contribute to increased piano-playing endurance.Acute smoking increases cardiac outputs and heart rates of pianists resulting in higher levels of cardiac work during piano exercise.During piano exercise, acutely smoking pianists require greatly increased forearm blood flows to meet muscle needs.
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Gamieldien, Kareemah. "The influence of maternal nicotine exposure on selected glycolytic and cytochrome P450 enzymes in developing neonatal rat lung." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The structural and functional integrity of a developing and maturing fetal and neonatal lung is critically dependent on carbohydrate metabolism. The energy derived from carbohydrate metabolism is utilized during the processed of cell growth and development. It is reported that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation results in the irreversible inhibition of glycolysis, for which no mechanism is currently proposed and a significant increase in glucose turnover. The principal objective of this thesis was to determine the influence of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the isoenzyme patterns and transcript levels of the selected enzymes in developing neonatal rat lung, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of glycolysis observed.
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Hamadeh, Randar R. "The impact of smoking in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670386.
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Fu, Shing-yan Karen, and 符誠欣. "Cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory changes in rat heart in vivo." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48333864.
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Cigarette smoke (CS) is a well-established risk factor to cardiovascular health and the most preventable cause of death. Countless studies have demonstrated its harm to health and many more studies investigating its pathogenic mechanisms. While the CS-induced pathogenic mechanism of cardiovascular dysfunction has been mainly attributed to a combination of oxidative imbalance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and modification of lipid profile, the focus of the current study was on the mediators of inflammation and the activation of signal pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of CS on the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory status in the heart and to elucidate the activation of specific signaling pathways in an in vivo rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups of CS exposure and sham air (SA) and exposed to 1 hour of respective CS and SA exposure daily for 56 days. The rats were then sacrificed and the ventricular homogenates were examined. Cardiac pro- inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the activation of specific signaling pathways was determined by Western blot analysis. CS caused suppression of cardiac CRP, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-10 and elevation of VEGF, revealing the imbalance of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory status. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was also activated along with the activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) after 56 days of CS exposure. These data suggests the presence of a local adaptive mechanistic response to modulate cardiac pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory status via NF-κB/MAPK pathways after exposure to CS. These findings shed insight into the mechanistic pathways of CVD progression, allowing possible identification of selected mediators as biomarkers that could benefit early detection of CVD arisen from cigarette smoking.published_or_final_version
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
Books on the topic "Tobacco px Physiological effect"
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Kronebusch, Karl. Smoking-related deaths and financial costs. Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1985.
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Porterfield, Jason. Tobacco. New York: Rosen Central., 2008.
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Cancer, International Agency for Research on. Tobacco smoking. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1986.
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Haustein, K. O. Tobacco or health? 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2010.
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Gold, Mark S. Tobacco. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1995.
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National Clearinghouse on Tobacco and Health (Canada), ed. Children and tobacco. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Tobacco and Health, 1989.
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National Clearinghouse on Tobacco and Health (Canada), ed. Children and tobacco. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Tobacco and Health, 1989.
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Phil, Cohen. Tobacco. Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn, 1992.
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Snowball, Laura C. Tobacco smoking. [Ottawa]: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1995.
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Ward, Lesley. Facts about smoking: A trainers' manual. Manchester: TACADE, 1985.
Find full textReports on the topic "Tobacco px Physiological effect"
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Wolf, Shmuel, and William J. Lucas. Involvement of the TMV-MP in the Control of Carbon Metabolism and Partitioning in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570560.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The function of the 30-kilodalton movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is to facilitate cell-to-cell movement of viral progeny in infected plants. Our earlier findings have indicated that this protein has a direct effect on plasmodesmal function. In addition, these studies demonstrated that constitutive expression of the TMV MP gene (under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter) in transgenic tobacco plants significantly affects carbon metabolism in source leaves and alters the biomass distribution between the various plant organs. The long-term goal of the proposed research was to better understand the factors controlling carbon translocation in plants. The specific objectives were: A) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants a virally-encoded (TMV-MP) gene that affects plasmodesmal functioning and photosynthate partitioning under tissue-specific promoters. B) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants the TMV-MP gene under the control of promoters which are tightly repressed by the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor, to enable the expression of the protein by external application of tetracycline. C) To explore the mechanism by which the TMV-MP interacts with the endogenous control o~ carbon allocation. Data obtained in our previous project together with the results of this current study established that the TMV-MP has pleiotropic effects when expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition to its ability to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, it alters carbohydrate metabolism in source leaves and dry matter partitioning between the various plant organs, Expression of the TMV-MP in various tissues of transgenic potato plants indicated that sugars and starch levels in source leaves are reduced below those of control plants when the TMV-MP is expressed in green tissue only. However, when the TMV-MP was expressed predominantly in PP and CC, sugar and starch levels were raised above those of control plants. Perhaps the most significant result obtained from experiments performed on transgenic potato plants was the discovery that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbohydrate allocation within source leaves was under developmental control and was exerted only during tuber development. The complexity of the mode by which the TMV-MP exerts its effect on the process of carbohydrate allocation was further demonstrated when transgenic tobacco plants were subjected to environmental stresses such as drought stress and nutrients deficiencies, Collectively, these studies indicated that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbon allocation L the result of protein-protein interaction within the source tissue. Based on these results, together with the findings that plasmodesmata potentiate the cell-to-cell trafficking of viral and endogenous proteins and nucleoproteins complexes, we developed the theme that at the whole plant level, the phloem serves as an information superhighway. Such a long-distance communication system may utilize a new class of signaling molecules (proteins and/or RNA) to co-ordinate photosynthesis and carbon/nitrogen metabolism in source leaves with the complex growth requirements of the plant under the prevailing environmental conditions. The discovery that expression of viral MP in plants can induce precise changes in carbon metabolism and photoassimilate allocation, now provide a conceptual foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the communication network responsible for integrating photosynthetic productivity with resource allocation at the whole-plant level. Such information will surely provide an understanding of how plants coordinate the essential physiological functions performed by distantly-separated organs. Identification of the proteins involved in mediating and controlling cell-to-cell transport, especially at the companion cell-sieve element boundary, will provide an important first step towards achieving this goal.
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Fromm, Hillel, and Joe Poovaiah. Calcium- and Calmodulin-Mediated Regulation of Plant Responses to Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568096.bard.
Full textAbstract:
We have taken a molecular approach to clone cellular targets of calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM). A 35S-labeled recombinant CaM was used as a probe to screen various cDNA expression libraries. One of the isolated clones from petunia codes for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The activity of plant GAD has been shown to be dramatically enhanced in response to cold and heat shock, anoxia, drought, mechanical manipulations and by exogenous application of the stress phytohormone ABA in wheat roots. We have purified the recombinant GAD by CaM-affinity chromatography and studied its regulation by Ca2+/CaM. At a physiological pH range (7.0-7.5), the purified enzyme was inactive in the absence of Ca2+ and CaM but could be stimulated to high levels of activity by the addition of exogenous CaM (K0.5 = 15 nM) in the presence of Ca2+ (K 0.5 = 0.8 mM). Neither Ca2+ nor CaM alone had any effect on GAD activity. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a mutant petunia GAD lacking the CaM-binding domain, or transgenic plants expressing the intact GAD were prepared and studied in detail. We have shown that the CaM-binding domain is necessary for the regulation of glutamate and GABA metabolism and for normal plant development. Moreover, we found that CaM is tightly associated with a 500 kDa GAD complex. The tight association of CaM with its target may be important for the rapid modulation of GAD activity by Ca2+ signaling in response to stresses.
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Avni, Adi, and Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.