Journal articles: 'Tobacco Mosaic Viru'

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Rivas, E. B., S. R. Galleti, M. A. V. Alexandre, L. M. L. Duarte, and C. M. Chagas. "INTERCEPTATION OF VIRUSES ON FOREIGN TULIPS IN BRAZIL." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 76, no. 3 (September 2009): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v76p5012009.

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ABSTRACT Sixty-seven tulip samples intercepted from the Netherlands by the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry, between 2004 and 2006, and two samples from São Paulo local market, Brazil, were assayed by serological and biological techniques, as well as by electron microscopy observations, for virus screening. In bulbs from the Netherlands potexviruses were detected in five samples and tobamoviruses in other three. Symptoms induced in some differential hosts were similar to those caused by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), while serological results indicated an infection byTulip virus X. In two tulip samples from local flower shops, a Potyviridae was identified based on the presence of flexuous particles and cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions. Mechanical transmission tests to potyvirus hosts in the Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae species were negative, making possible to exclude a possible infection by Turnip mosaic viru, a common virus species in tulips. Although TVX could be detected in intercepted tulip bulbs from the Netherlands, the virus is only reported in Scotland, Japan and USA.

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Kim, Joung-Soo, Jae-Hyun Kim, Gug-Seoun Choi, Soo-Young Chae, Hyun-Ran Kim, Bong-Nam Joung, and Yong-Mun Choi. "Characterization of Tobacco mosaic virus Isolated fromSolanum tuberosum ‘Chubak’ in Korea." Research in Plant Disease 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2003.9.2.089.

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Sanchez-Cuevas, M.-C., and S. G. P. Nameth. "Virus-associated Diseases of Double Petunia: Frequency and Distribution in Ohio Greenhouses." HortScience 37, no. 3 (June 2002): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.3.543.

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Double petunia plants expressing virus-like symptoms were collected in greenhouses and garden centers throughout Ohio in Spring 1997 and 1998 in an effort to determine the frequency and distribution of petunia viruses present in the state. Direct antibody-sandwich and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted with commercial antisera made against 13 viruses, a potyvirus kit capable of detecting 80 different potyviruses, and our antiserum raised against a tobamo-like virus inducing severe mosaic in double petunia. Viral-associated double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) analysis and light microscopy for detection of inclusion bodies were also carried out. ELISA, dsRNA analysis, and light microscopy revealed the presence of tobacco mosaic tobamovirus, an unknown tobamo-like petunia virus, tomato ringspot nepovirus, tobacco streak ilarvirus, and tobacco ringspot nepovirus. Tomato aspermy cucumovirus, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus, alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, potato virus X potexvirus, and chrysanthemum B carlavirus were not detected. No potyviruses were identified. A number of plants with virus-like symptoms tested negative for all viruses.

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Somowiyarjo, S., S. Hartono, S. Sulandari, and SU Putri. "Molecular Identification of Tobacco mosaic virus on Orchid Plants In Sleman, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 12, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.2.69.

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Velásquez-Valle, Rodolfo, Luis Roberto Reveles-Torres, and Jaime Mena-Covarrubias. "Incidencia y sintomatología de cinco virus en parcelas comerciales de chile seco en Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí y Zacatecas, México." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 3, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v3i2.1471.

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A nivel mundial el cultivo de chile es afectado por más de 60 enfermedades virales; sin embargo, poco se conoce acerca de ellas en el área productora de chile seco del norte centro de México por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en detectar la presencia y sintomatología de cinco virus en parcelas comerciales de chile seco en los estados mencionados. Plantas de chile de los tipos mirasol y ancho fueron muestreadas y se anotó la presencia de síntomas como enanismo, clorosis, deformación de hojas, defoliación, necrosis vascular y ramas unidas. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante la técnica DAS- ELISA empleando los antisueros para el virus del mosaico del tabaco (Tobacco mosaic virus: TMV), mosaico del pepino (Cucumber mosaic virus: CMV), Y de la papa (Potato virus Y: PVY), moteado del chile (Pepper mottle virus: PepMoV) y jaspeado del tabaco (Tobacco etch virus: TEV). Esos virus fueron identificados en plantas de chile colectadas en las parcelas comerciales de chile seco de los tres estados antes mencionados.

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GÜNEŞ, Nihan, Süleyman G. TÜRKSEVEN, Pınar ÖZSARI, Mustafa GÜMÜŞ, and Damla BAYSAL SİVRİTEPE. "Incidence and possible sources of Tomato spotted wilt virus in tobacco grown in Denizli Province, Turkey." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 12529. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha50212529.

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is economically prominent disease for its impact on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production worldwide. An increase of the incidence of symptoms typical of TSWV has been observed in tobacco production areas in Denizli province of Turkey where tobacco is significantly grown. Surveys were conducted to determine the prevalence status of TSWV in tobacco cultivars and its possible sources of infections in four tobacco growing districts of Denizli province. A total of 501 plant samples from field-grown tobaccos, weeds, potential intermediate hosts, seedlings and seeds were collected during 2019 and tested by DAS-ELISA. Of these plants, 243 belong to 55 different weed species from 26 different families with intermediate host potential. Throughout the study, 40 crop plant samples which could be intermediate hosts and 39 tobacco seed samples were also taken for testing. Adult thrips specimens were picked up from the fields and brought to the laboratory for preparations. Four vector virus species were detected when adult thrips individuals were diagnosed: Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) and Thrips major Uzel (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Of the 179 tobaccos sampled, 31.2% was positive; besides, of 243 weeds tested 10 were found to be infected. Echinochloa crus-galli and Tordylium apulum were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection. Only one tomato plant from the crop plants as intermediate hosts was infected. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) was also confirmed in tobacco fields.

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Karbivskyy, V. L. "Preparation of nanowires based on the tobacco mosaic virus and gold nanoparticles." Functional materials 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm22.02.258.

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Qin, Li-Jun, Dan Zhao, Yi Zhang, and De-Gang Zhao. "Selectable marker-free co-expression of Nicotiana rustica CN and Nicotiana tabacum HAK1 genes improves resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 8 (2015): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14356.

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The viral disease caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most prevalent viral disease in many tobacco production areas. A breeding strategy based on resistance genes is an effective method for improving TMV resistance in tobacco. Also, the physiological status of plants is also critical to disease resistance improvement. Potassium ion is one of the most abundant inorganic nutrients in plant cells, and mediates plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Improving K+ content in soil by fertilising can enhance diseases resistance of crops. However, the K+ absorption in plants depends mostly on K+ transporters located in cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, the encoding genes for K+ transporters are putative candidates to target for improving tobacco mosaic virus resistance. In this work, the synergistic effect of a N-like resistance gene CN and a tobacco putative potassium transporter gene HAK1 was studied. The results showed that TMV-resistance in CN-HAK1-containing tobaccos was significantly enhanced though a of strengthening leaf thickness and reduction in the size of necrotic spots compared with only CN-containing plants, indicating the improvement of potassium nutrition in plant cells could increase the tobacco resistance to TMV by reducing the spread of the virus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) analysis for TMV-CP expression in the inoculated leaf of the transgenic and wild-type plants also supported the conclusion. Further, the results of defence-related determination including antioxidative enzymes (AOEs) activity, salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of resistance-related genes demonstrated CN with HAK1 synergistically enhanced TMV-resistance in transgenic tobaccos. Additionally, the HAK1- overexpression significantly improved the photosynthesis and K+-enriching ability in trans-CN-HAK1 tobaccos, compared with other counterparts. Finally, this work provides a method for screening new varieties of marker-free and safe transgenic antiviral tobacco.

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Hirai, Katsuyuki, Kenji Kubota, Tomofumi Mochizuki, Shinya Tsuda, and Tetsuo Meshi. "Antiviral RNA Silencing Is Restricted to the Marginal Region of the Dark Green Tissue in the Mosaic Leaves of Tomato Mosaic Virus-Infected Tobacco Plants." Journal of Virology 82, no. 7 (January 23, 2008): 3250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02139-07.

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ABSTRACT Mosaic is a common disease symptom caused by virus infection in plants. Mosaic leaves of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)-infected tobacco plants consist of yellow-green and dark green tissues that contain large and small numbers of virions, respectively. Although the involvement of RNA silencing in mosaic development has been suggested, its role in the process that results in an uneven distribution of the virus is unknown. Here, we investigated whether and where ToMV-directed RNA silencing was established in tobacco mosaic leaves. When transgenic tobaccos defective in RNA silencing were infected with ToMV, little or no dark green tissue appeared, implying the involvement of RNA silencing in mosaic development. ToMV-related small interfering RNAs were rarely detected in the dark green areas of the first mosaic leaves, and their interior portions were susceptible to infection. Thus, ToMV-directed RNA silencing was not effective there. By visualizing the cells where ToMV-directed RNA silencing was active, it was found that the effective silencing occurs only in the marginal regions of the dark green tissue (∼0.5 mm in width) and along the major veins. Further, the cells in the margins were resistant against recombinant potato virus X carrying a ToMV-derived sequence. These findings demonstrate that RNA silencing against ToMV is established in the cells located at the margins of the dark green areas, restricting the expansion of yellow-green areas, and consequently defines the mosaic pattern. The mechanism of mosaic symptom development is discussed in relation to the systemic spread of the virus and RNA silencing.

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Hunt, David, Robert Foottit, Dana Gagnier, and Tracey Baute. "First Canadian records of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 6 (December 2003): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-027.

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The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in the People's Republic of China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, North Borneo, Malaya, and the Philippines (Blackman and Eastop 2000). It was first identified in North America in 2000 from soybean fields in 10 states in the north-central United States of America, although the route of entry and time of introduction are not known (North Central Regional Pest Alert 2001). Dai and Fan (1991) reported that yield losses caused by soybean aphids on soybeans in the People's Republic of China were greater when the crop was infested soon after planting, and the presence of large populations of the aphid throughout the growing season resulted in 20%–30% yield losses. The soybean aphid can also transmit several viruses that infect soybeans in North America, including alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, peanut mottle, peanut stunt, and peanut stripe (Hartman et al. 2001). In North America, the soybean aphid is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosiac virus (Hill et al. 2001). A survey of Ontario soybean fields revealed the presence of tobacco ring spot virus, soybean mosiac virus, and bean pod mottle virus (Michelutti et al. 2001); all of which could potentially be spread by this newly introduced aphid.

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Miftakhurohmah, Miftakhurohmah, and Rita Noveriza. "VIRUS NILAM: IDENTIFIKASI, KARAKTER BIOLOGI DAN FISIK, SERTA UPAYA PENGENDALIANNYA." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 34, no. 1 (September 3, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v34n1.2015.p1-8.

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Infeksi virus pada tanaman nilam dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan kualitas minyak. Sembilan jenis virus diidentifikasi menginfeksi tanaman nilam, yaitu Patchouli mosaic virus (PatMoV), Patchouli mild mosaic virus (PatMMV), Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), Peanut stripe virus (PStV), Patchouli yellow mosaic virus (PatYMV), Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), dan Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV). Kesembilan virus tersebut memiliki genom RNA, tetapi panjang dan bentuk partikelnya berbeda. Deteksi dan identifikasi berdasarkan bagian partikel virus dapat dilakukan secara serologi dengan teknik ELISA dan secara molekuler dengan RT-PCR. Gejala awal tanaman nilam terserang virus yaitu mosaik atau belang pada daun pucuk dan pada gejala berat tanaman menjadi kerdil. Infeksi virus dapat bersifat tunggal, tetapi ada pula infeksi oleh beberapa virus. Virus menular secara mekanis dan sebagian melalui penyambungan dan vektor. TNV, BBWV2, dan CMV memiliki kisaran inang yang luas, sedangkan virus yang lain inangnya terbatas. Virus nilam umumnya memiliki titik panas inaktivasi dan titik batas pengenceran yang tinggi, sedangkan ketahanan in vitro tidak stabil. Pendekatan terbaik pengendalian virus ialah menggunakan bahan tanaman bebas virus atau tahan virus dan pengendalian vektor. Tanaman bebas virus dapat diperoleh melalui kultur meristem, sedangkan pengendalian vektor dapat menggunakan pestisida nabati atau kimia.

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Okada, Yoshimi. "Tobacco mosaic virus vector." Uirusu 37, no. 1 (1987): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.37.33.

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Dodds, J. Allan. "SATELLITE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS." Annual Review of Phytopathology 36, no. 1 (September 1998): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.295.

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Abdulhassan, Hala A., Basil A. Saleh, Dalal Harkati, Hadjer Khelfaoui, Natalie L. Hewitt, and Gamal A. El-Hiti. "In Silico Pesticide Discovery for New Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Agents: Reactivity, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062818.

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Considerable data are available regarding the molecular genetics of the tobacco mosaic virus. The disease caused by the tobacco mosaic virus is still out of control due to the lack of an efficient functional antagonist chemical molecule. Extensive research was carried out to try to find effective new anti-tobacco mosaic virus agents, however no study could find an effective agent which could completely inhibit the disease caused by the virus. In recent years, molecular docking, combined with molecular dynamics, which is considered to be one of the most important methods of drug discovery and design, were used to evaluate the type of binding between the ligand and its protein enzyme. The aim of the current work was to assess the in silico anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity for a selection of 41 new and 2 reference standard compounds. These compounds were chosen to examine their reactivity and binding efficiency with the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (PDB ID: 2OM3). A comparison was made between the activity of the selected compounds and that for ningnanmycin and ribavirin, which are common inhibitors of plant viruses. The simulation results obtained from the molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed that two compounds of the antofine analogues could bind with the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein receptor better than ningnanmycin and ribavirin.

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Anna, Depta, Kursa Karolina, Doroszewska Teresa, Laskowska Dorota, and Trojak-Goluch Anna. "Reaction of Nicotiana species and cultivars of tobacco to Tobacco mosaic virus and detection of the N gene that confers hypersensitive resistance." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/81/2017-cjgpb.

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) brings increasing losses in the cultivation of tobacco. Sixty-two cultivars of tobacco and eleven species of Nicotiana were evaluated for resistance to TMV. Biological tests at two temperature ranges, DAS-ELISA and molecular markers were applied to assess the resistance to TMV. Most cultivars of tobacco showed susceptibility (S) to TMV, two were tolerant (T), while others revealed a hypersensitive response (HR). Hypersensitivity, determined by the N gene, occurred only at a temperature below 22°C. At a temperature above 28°C, all the cultivars showed mosaic discolorations or extensive necrosis. The reaction of the Nicotiana species was dependent on growth conditions. At 22°C, the reactions of sensitivity, tolerance and hypersensitivity to TMV were all observed, whereas above 28°C the species showed systemic necrotic symptoms. N. gossei was an exception because hypersensitivity occurred regardless of the thermal conditions. The resistance of this species was not conditioned by the N gene, which suggests that N. gossei could be an additional genetic resource for tobacco breeding.

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Fisher, John R. "Identification of Two Tobacco rattle virus Sequence Variants Associated with Virus-like Mottle Symptom on Hosta in Ohio." Plant Health Progress 14, no. 1 (January 2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2013-0330-01-rs.

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Two Hosta sp. ‘So Sweet’ plants and one Hosta sieboldii (labeled as ‘Albo-marginata’) plant showing a suspected virus-like leaf mottle symptom tested negative for the Potyvirus group, Hosta virus X, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Tomato ringspot virus, and Tomato spotted wilt virus by ELISA. DsRNA analysis produced a banding profile suggestive of a viral infection, and dsRNA was used as template to synthesize cDNAs for use with tobravirus group and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) specific PCR primers. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced, and results showed two distinct populations of sequences: the two So Sweet isolates were ∼99% identical to each other but only ∼92% identical to the Albo-marginata isolate. These results represent the first confirmed report of TRV in Hosta in Ohio, and further demonstrate that there are at least two nucleotide sequence variants of the virus infecting Ohio Hosta. Accepted for publication 21 December 2012. Published 30 March 2013.

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Henry, Egbert W. "Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119375.

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

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Khan, Iqrar A., and Gary E. Jones. "Accumulation of necrotic lesion inducing variants in TMV-infected plantlets derived from leaf disks of Nicotiana sylvestris." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-131.

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In an isolate of tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 there exists a small subpopulation containing a variant strain of the virus that induces the hypersensitive response on Nicotiana sylvestris Spegazzini & Comes. This type of variant is strongly selected for during the regeneration of plantlets from mature leaf tissue of plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus U1. When whole plants derived from disks were transferred into a glasshouse, those containing this type of variant were severely stunted, showed mosaic symptoms, and most of them died. Some that had originally contained lower titers of variant-type virus survived to flower but produced only a few seeds. Plants that initially contained only wild-type virus had high titers of tobacco mosaic virus, survived and grew well, exhibited mosaic symtoms, and flowered and set seed normally. Repeated assays of virus in these plants revealed no detectable variant-type virus. Apparently, during callus development and organogenesis in culture, partial segregation of the mixed U1 population occurred, and variants preferentially infected the developing tissues. This represents a situation in which dramatic change in the genetic structure of an RNA virus population occurs during development of the host plant.

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Kobayashi, Mime, Midori Yamane, Rikako Tsukamoto, Yuichiro Watanabe, and Ichiro Yamashita. "1P332 Genetic modification of Tobacco Mosaic Virus for application in constructing electronic devices(Bioengineering,Poster Presentations)." Seibutsu Butsuri 47, supplement (2007): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.47.s106_3.

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Wu, Xiaojie, Zhengkai Xu, and John G. Shaw. "Uncoating of Tobacco Mosaic Virus RNA in Protoplasts." Virology 200, no. 1 (April 1994): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1994.1183.

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Kuznetsov, Yurii G., Steven B. Larson, John Day, Aaron Greenwood, and Alexander McPherson. "Structural Transitions of Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles." Virology 284, no. 2 (June 2001): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0914.

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Wardani, Tika Pramudya, Sedyo Hartono, Sri Sulandari, and Susamto Somowiyarjo. "Double Infections of Rehmannia mosaic virus and Potato virus Y on Tobacco Plants in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 25, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.67468.

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Various viruses can cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. Proper detection of the cause of the mosaic disease helps determine effective control. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of double infection of Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) with Potato virus Y (PVY) using multiplex RT-PCR in tobacco plants from Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The viral suspension was inoculated on Chenopodium amaranticolor to obtain one viral colony from one local lesion. The multiplex RT-PCR method using Tobamovirus primers (TobRT-up1 and TobRT-do2) and Potyvirus primers (MJ1 and MJ2) can detect double infection caused by ReMV with PVY in tobacco plants distributed in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The multiplex RT-PCR product showed that tobacco samples with mosaic symptoms from Temanggung, Klaten, Bantul, and Kalasan were positive ReMV. Multiplex RT-PCR has successfully detected double infection of ReMV and PVY on tobacco samples from Klaten and Kalasan. ReMV Bantul, Kalasan, and Klaten were homolog to ReMV USA isolate and ReMV Temanggung was homolog to ReMV Japanese isolate. PVY Klaten was homolog to PVY Turkey isolate, and PVY Kalasan was homolog to PVY Iran.

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Tsvigun, V., N. Sus, S. Mazur, О. Melnychuk, and A. Boyko. "Distribution and biological features of tomato viral diseases in the agrocenoses of Ukraine." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252959.

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The purpose of the work was to analyze the present distribution of viruses that infect tomatoes and to identify the species composition of the tomato viruses under field conditions in Ukraine, as well as to test commercial seeds of various tomato varieties for the presence of viral contamination. In this work, a range of methods, which included visual diagnostics, various modifications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy method and the method of statistical data processing were used. A number of symptoms of viral etiology were detected by visual diagnostics. Symptoms of viral etiology on plants were displayed as necrosis, chlorosis, yellow-green mosaic, dark green vein mosaic, and on fruits as ring-shaped spots, various fruit deformations. The morphological properties of the studied viruses were researched by electron microscopy. As a result, two types of virions were detected. The first type of virions was spherical, with a mean diameter of 29 nm. According to the literature, such shape and diameter of the virions are characteristic of the Cucumovirus genus members, in particular the cucumber mosaic virus. The second type of virions was rod-shaped, with a mean length of 300 nm and a mean diameter of 15 nm. According to other researchers, such morphological features are characteristic of the tobacco mosaic virus. The results of five-year monitoring of agrocenoses of Ukraine found that recently in a tomato crop circulates 5 species of viruses, namely tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, and tomato mosaic virus. We also tested the seeds of 25 varieties of tomatoes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of viral contamination. The tests revealed that 37% of tested tomato seeds were contaminated with viral antigens. Viral antigens found in tested tomato seeds were antigens of three species of viruses, namely tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus. In general, the tomato seeds were contaminated with mono-infections, except for mixed infection of cucumber mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus that was detected once.

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Wen, Amy M., Yunmei Wang, Kai Jiang, Greg C. Hsu, Huiyun Gao, Karin L. Lee, Alice C. Yang, Xin Yu, Daniel I. Simon, and Nicole F. Steinmetz. "Shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 29 (2015): 6037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00879d.

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Bionanoparticle-based probes for imaging thrombi in vivo were developed, with elongated tobacco mosaic virus more favorably accumulating at thrombosis sites compared to icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus.

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Duarte, Lígia Maria Lembo, Maria Amélia Vaz Alexandre, Eliana Borges Rivas, Marina Blanco Cattai, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Ricardo Harakava, and Flora Maria Campos Fernandes. "Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato mosaic virus from Hemerocallis sp. and Impatiens hawkeri." Summa Phytopathologica 33, no. 4 (December 2007): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052007000400016.

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The culture and commercialization of ornamental plants have considerably increased in the last years. To supply the commercial demand, several Hemerocallis and Impatiens varieties have been bred for appreciated qualities such as flowers with a diversity of shapes and colors. With the aim of characterizing the tobamovirus isolated from Hemerocallis sp. (tobamo-H) and Impatiens hawkeri (tobamo-I) from the USA and São Paulo, respectively, as well as to establish phylogenetic relationships between them and other Tobamovirus species, the viruses were submitted to RNA extraction, RT-PCR amplification, coat-protein gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of tobamovirus homologous sequences yielded values superior to 98.5% of identity with Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolates at the nucleotide level. In relation to tobamo-H, 100% of identity with ToMV from tomatoes from Australia and Peru was found. Based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis it was suggested that tobamo-H and tobamo-I share a common ancestor with ToMV, Tobacco mosaic virus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Pepper mild mottle virus. The tree topology reconstructed under ML methodology shows a monophyletic group, supported by 100% of bootstrap, consisting of various ToMV isolates from different hosts, including some ornamentals, from different geographical locations. The results indicate that Hemerocallis sp. and I. hawkeri are infected by ToMV. This is the first report of the occurrence of this virus in ornamental species in Brazil.

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Mittler, R., L. Simon, and E. Lam. "Pathogen-induced programmed cell death in tobacco." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 1333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.11.1333.

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Sacrificing an infected cell or cells in order to prevent systemic spread of a pathogen appears to be a conserved strategy in both plants and animals. We studied some of the morphological and biochemical events that accompany programmed cell death during the hypersensitive response of tobacco plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Certain aspects of this cell death process appeared to be similar to those that take place during apoptosis in animal cells. These included condensation and vacuolization of the cytoplasm and cleavage of nuclear DNA to 50 kb fragments. In contrast, internucleosomal fragmentation, condensation of chromatin at the nuclear periphery and apoptotic bodies were not observed in tobacco plants during tobacco mosaic virus-induced hypersensitive response. A unique aspect of programmed cell death during the hypersensitive response of tobacco to tobacco mosaic virus involved an increase in the amount of monomeric chloroplast DNA. Morphological changes to the chloroplast and cytosol of tobacco cells and increase in monomeric chloroplast DNA occurred prior to gross changes in nuclear morphology and significant chromatin cleavage. Our findings suggest that certain aspects of programmed cell death may have been conserved during the evolution of plants and animals.

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Powell, P. A., D. M. Stark, P. R. Sanders, and R. N. Beachy. "Protection against tobacco mosaic virus in transgenic plants that express tobacco mosaic virus antisense RNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86, no. 18 (September 1, 1989): 6949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.6949.

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Korbecka-Glinka, Grażyna, Marcin Przybyś, and Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk. "A Survey of Five Plant Viruses in Weeds and Tobacco in Poland." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081667.

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Weeds may contribute to the spread of plant virus epidemics by acting as reservoirs of viruses or/and their vectors. The aim of this research was to study the prevalence of five viral pathogens in weeds in the fields of solanaceous crops in six provinces in Poland differing with soil and climate conditions. Most of the sampled sites were associated with tobacco production. The total number of 157 samples of tobacco and 600 samples of weeds were subjected to DAS-ELISA detection of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). Twenty nine percent of samples of weeds were infected with at least one virus. TSWV and TMV were the most frequently detected in 17.5% and 14.7% of samples, respectively. In most provinces where infected tobacco was found, the same virus was also detected in weeds. Results of this survey are discussed in the context of the current status of virus epidemics in tobacco fields in Poland.

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Carmichael, Stephen W. "Down the Resolution Road: Freeze-Fracture Revisited?" Microscopy Today 3, no. 1 (February 1995): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500062179.

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It must have seemed rather fantastic back in the fifties, when Russell Steere froze chunks of plant viruses (tobacco mosaic virus, tobacco nngspot virus, and squash mosaic virus) in drops of water, planed them freehand with a scalpel blade, made a replica of the surface, and examined the replica in a transmission electron microscope. But that was the birth of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch methodology that yielded enormous amounts of information about the morphology of membranes.

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Martínez, Fernando, Santiago F. Elena, and José-Antonio Daròs. "Fate of Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Resistance to Plant Viruses in Mixed Infections." Phytopathology® 103, no. 8 (August 2013): 870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-12-0233-r.

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Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) are the expression products of engineered microRNA (miRNA) genes that efficiently and specifically downregulate RNAs that contain complementary sequences. Transgenic plants expressing high levels of one or more amiRNAs targeting particular sequences in the genomes of some RNA viruses have shown specific resistance to the corresponding virus. This is the case of the Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic line 12-4 expressing a high level of the amiR159-HC-Pro targeting 21 nucleotides in the Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (family Potyviridae) cistron coding for the viral RNA-silencing suppressor HC-Pro that is highly resistant to TuMV infection. In this study, we explored the fate of this resistance when the A. thaliana 12-4 plants are challenged with a second virus in addition to TuMV. The A. thaliana 12-4 plants maintained the resistance to TuMV when this virus was co-inoculated with Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Turnip yellow mosaic virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), Lettuce mosaic virus, or Plum pox virus. However, when the plants were preinfected with these viruses, TuMV was able to co-infect 12-4 plants preinfected with TRV, CaMV, and, particularly, CMV. Therefore, preinfection by another virus jeopardizes the amiRNA-mediated resistance to TuMV.

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SOLOVYEV, A. G., D. A. ZELENINA, E. I. SAVENKOV, V. Z. GRDZELISHVILI, S. YU MOROZOV, D. E. LESEMANN, E. MAISS, R. CASPER, and J. G. ATABEKOV. "Movement of a Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Chimera with a Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein." Virology 217, no. 2 (March 1996): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.0137.

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Ermolina, I., H. Morgan, N. G. Green, J. J. Milner, and Yu Feldman. "Dielectric spectroscopy of Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1622, no. 1 (June 2003): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4165(03)00118-1.

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Milner, J. "Tobacco mosaic virus: the first century." Trends in Microbiology 6, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(98)01375-4.

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OKADA, Y. "Molecular assembly of tobacco mosaic virus." Advances in Biophysics 22 (1986): 95–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0065-227x(86)90004-3.

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Hu, David L., Thomas J. Goreau, and John W. M. Bush. "Flow visualization using tobacco mosaic virus." Experiments in Fluids 46, no. 3 (October 7, 2008): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0573-6.

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Watanabe, Yuichiro, Noriko Morita, Masamichi Nishiguchi, and Yoshimi Okada. "Attenuated strains of tobacco mosaic virus." Journal of Molecular Biology 194, no. 4 (April 1987): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(87)90247-6.

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37

Regenmortel, M. H. V. van. "The antigenicity of tobacco mosaic virus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1383 (March 29, 1999): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0407.

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The antigenic properties of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have been studied extensively for more than 50 years. Distinct antigenic determinants called neotopes and cryptotopes have been identified at the surface of intact virions and dissociated coat protein subunits, respectively, indicating that the quaternary structure of the virus influences the antigenic properties. A correlation has been found to exist between the location of seven to ten residue–long continuous epitopes in the TMV coat protein and the degree of segmental mobility along the polypeptide chain. Immunoelectron microscopy, using antibodies specific for the bottom surface of the protein subunit, showed that these antibodies reacted with both ends of the stacked disk aggregates of viral protein. This finding indicates that the stacked disks are bipolar and cannot be converted directly into helical viral rods as has been previously assumed. TMV epitopes have been mapped at the surface of coat protein subunits using biosensor technology. The ability of certain monoclonal antibodies to block the co–translational disassembly of virions during the infection process was found to be linked to the precise location of their complementary epitopes and not to their binding affinity. Such blocking antibodies, which act by sterically preventing the interaction between virions and ribosomes may, when expressed in plants, be useful for controlling virus infection.

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Buck, Kenneth W. "Replication of tobacco mosaic virus RNA." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1383 (March 29, 1999): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0413.

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The replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA involves synthesis of a negative–strand RNA using the genomic positive–strand RNA as a template, followed by the synthesis of positive–strand RNA on the negative–strand RNA templates. Intermediates of replication isolated from infected cells include completely double–stranded RNA (replicative form) and partly double–stranded and partly single–stranded RNA (replicative intermediate), but it is not known whether these structures are double–stranded or largely single–stranded in vivo . The synthesis of negative strands ceases before that of positive strands, and positive and negative strands may be synthesized by two different polymerases. The genomic–length negative strand also serves as a template for the synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs for the virus movement and coat proteins. Both the virus–encoded 126–kDa protein, which has amino–acid sequence motifs typical of methyltransferases and helicases, and the 183–kDa protein, which has additional motifs characteristic of RNA–dependent RNA polymerases, are required for efficient TMV RNA replication. Purified TMV RNA polymerase also contains a host protein serologically related to the RNA–binding subunit of the yeast translational initiation factor, eIF3. Study of Arabidopsis mutants defective in RNA replication indicates that at least two host proteins are needed for TMV RNA replication. The tomato resistance gene Tm–1 may also encode a mutant form of a host protein component of the TMV replicase. TMV replicase complexes are located on the endoplasmic reticulum in close association with the cytoskeleton in cytoplasmic bodies called viroplasms, which mature to produce ‘X bodies’. Viroplasms are sites of both RNA replication and protein synthesis, and may provide compartments in which the various stages of the virus mutiplication cycle (protein synthesis, RNA replication, virus movement, encapsidation) are localized and coordinated. Membranes may also be important for the configuration of the replicase with respect to initiation of RNA synthesis, and synthesis and release of progeny single–stranded RNA.

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Dawson, William O. "Tobacco mosaic virus virulence and avirulence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1383 (March 29, 1999): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0416.

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In celebration of a century of research on tobacco mosaic virus that initiated the science of virology, I review recent progress relative to earlier contributions concerning how viruses cause diseases of plants and how plants defend themselves from viruses.

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Mostafa, Reham M., and Heba S. Essawy. "Biosynthesis of novel phytochemicals in tobacco plant infected with tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV)." Plant Omics, no. 11(03) 2018 (November 20, 2018): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/poj.11.03.18.p1186.

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The main purpose of this work was to study the effect of TMV infection on physiology of active gradient photochemicals and protein expression in infected tobacco plants. Impact of Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) on active gradient photochemicals quantitative and qualitative was evaluated in Nicotiana tobaccum cv. white burly. First, the TMV samples were isolated from single local lesions of infected leaves of N. glutinosa. Then, the N. tobaccum cv. white burly plants were inoculated with TMV. The infected plants showed severe systemic mosaic symptoms and reduction of leave size. We used Datura metel as a diagnostic tool-plant (indicator) for mosaic virus because of its vast exhibitory ability to show the symptoms incited by viruses. It was confirmed that these symptoms were due to the effect of TMV virus, comparing with Datura plant (as control). Analysis of TMV infected leaves by GC-mass detected biosynthesis of novel photochemicals (2-cyclopenten-1-one, Furfural, Indene, Pyrrole, Benzonitrile, Guaiacol and Oxime, methoxy-phenyl) that could not be detected in healthy plants. Furthermore, a 56.17% decreased in nicotine content was observed in infected plants compared with healthy ones. Also, increase of soluble protein contents was observed in infected leaves in response to TMV infection, compared with healthy ones. Alterations in protein patterns were observed in N. tabaccum leaves in response to TMV infection using SDS PAGE. Several secondary bioactive compounds were also found to hold important functions in infected plants. For example, flavonoids could protect against free radicals generated during photosynthesis. Terpenoids may attract pollinators or seed dispersers, or inhibit competing plants. Alkaloids usually ward-off herbivore animals or insect attacks (phytoalexins).

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Fortin, Marc G., Jean-Guy Parent, and Alain Asselin. "Comparative study of two groups of b proteins (pathogenesis related) from the intercellular fluid of Nicotiana leaf tissue infected by tobacco mosaic virus." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-124.

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A time-course study showed that the major extracellular b (pathogenesis-related) proteins were detected approximately 37 h after tobacco mosaic virus infection of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc tobacco leaf tissue. Silver staining of b1b2 and b3 proteins in native polyacrylamide gels required previous staining with Coomassie blue. Elution profiles of b4, b5, and b6b proteins from DEAE-Sephacel columns were similar to those of b1b2, and b3 proteins. Relationships among b proteins accumulating in the intercellular fluid of hypersensitive cv. Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves infected by tobacco mosaic virus were examined on the basis of serological relationships and by comparing peptide fragments. Results showed that b4, b5, and b6b proteins share common antigenic determinants and polypeptide fragments different from those shared by b1b2, and b3 proteins. Together with the close similarity of the molecular weights of the proteins within each group, these data suggest that at least two groups of related proteins are found in the intercellular fluid extracts of tobacco plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus. It is also shown that the antigenic determinants shared within the b4, b5, and b6b group are found with the same b proteins from systemically infected N. tabacum L. cv. Samsun and with some b proteins from N. sylvestris Speg. and Comes.

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Sovinska, R., L. Mishchenko, and A. Dunich. "Viruses infecting gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) and their harmful effect on agricultural crops." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 10-12 (December 14, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.10-12.12-18.

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Goal. Analyze the data of foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli, risks for domestic agriculture, present the results of the study of viral diseases on gladioli in Ukraine. Methods. Review of information in foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli. Visual diagnostics, transmission electron microscopy, double sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DAS-ELISA). Results. Gladioli infect viruses: cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, tobacco ringspot virus, which belongs to regulated pests in Ukraine. These pathogens are common on all continents where plants are grown, have a wide range of host plants and pose a potential threat to crops. In the case of a systemic reaction of a plant to a viral infection, the symptoms lead to a loss of aesthetic value by the plant, economic losses in the floriculture industry, degeneration of varieties in the collections of botanical gardens and private farms, problems in further selective selection for creating new varieties. Possible means of protection and prevention of the spread of viruses to other types of cultivated plants are considered. Conclusions. Gladiolus plants can infect 9 types of viruses, among which the most common and harmful are cucumber mosaic, yellow bean mosaic and tobacco pogrimovka viruses. A yellow bean mosaic virus and a cucumber mosaic virus have been identified in Ukraine. It is especially dangerous that these viral infections can be asymptomatic and gladioli become reservoirs for the preservation and transmission of viruses to other plant crops sensitive to pathogens.

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Harries, Phillip A., Karuppaiah Palanichelvam, Sumana Bhat, and Richard S. Nelson. "Tobacco mosaic virus 126-kDa Protein Increases the Susceptibility of Nicotiana tabacum to Other Viruses and Its Dosage Affects Virus-Induced Gene Silencing." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 12 (December 2008): 1539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-12-1539.

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The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126-kDa protein is a suppressor of RNA silencing previously shown to delay the silencing of transgenes in Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana. Here, we demonstrate that expression of a 126-kDa protein–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion (126-GFP) in N. tabacum increases susceptibility to a broad assortment of viruses, including Alfalfa mosaic virus, Brome mosaic virus, Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), and Potato virus X. Given its ability to enhance TRV infection in tobacco, we tested the effect of 126-GFP expression on TRV-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and demonstrate that this protein can enhance silencing phenotypes. To explain these results, we examined the poorly understood effect of suppressor dosage on the VIGS response and demonstrated that enhanced VIGS corresponds to the presence of low levels of suppressor protein. A mutant version of the 126-kDa protein, inhibited in its ability to suppress silencing, had a minimal effect on VIGS, suggesting that the suppressor activity of the 126-kDa protein is indeed responsible for the observed dosage effects. These findings illustrate the sensitivity of host plants to relatively small changes in suppressor dosage and have implications for those interested in enhancing silencing phenotypes in tobacco and other species through VIGS.

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Guo, Wenhui, He Yan, Xingyu Ren, Ruirui Tang, Yubo Sun, Yong Wang, and Juntao Feng. "Berberine induces resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco." Pest Management Science 76, no. 5 (January 17, 2020): 1804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5709.

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Hamida, Ruly, and Cece Suhara. "Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 5, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v5n1.2013.11-19.

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Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.

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Fletcher, J. D. "Additional hosts of alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and tobacco mosaic virus in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 17, no. 4 (October 1989): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1989.10428057.

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Lu, Bin, Gerald Stubbs, and James N. Culver. "Carboxylate Interactions Involved in the Disassembly of Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus." Virology 225, no. 1 (November 1996): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1996.0570.

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Lu, Bin, Gerald Stubbs, and James N. Culver. "Coat Protein Interactions Involved in Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus Cross-Protection." Virology 248, no. 2 (September 1998): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1998.9280.

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Carr, J. P., D. C. Dixon, B. J. Nikolau, K. V. Voelkerding, and D. F. Klessig. "Synthesis and localization of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 4 (April 1987): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.4.1580-1583.1987.

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The PR1 family of pathogenesis-related proteins from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves is induced by a variety of pathogenic and chemical agents and is associated with resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The majority of the PR1 proteins did not copurify with mesophyll protoplasts (the major cell type of the leaf) isolated from tobacco mosaic virus-infected N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc leaves. However, these isolated protoplasts were capable of synthesizing and selectively secreting the PR1 proteins. Using monoclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence microscopy, we localized these proteins to the extracellular spaces predominantly in regions adjacent to viral lesions as well as in xylem elements of infected leaves.

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Carr, J. P., D. C. Dixon, B. J. Nikolau, K. V. Voelkerding, and D. F. Klessig. "Synthesis and localization of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 4 (April 1987): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.4.1580.

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The PR1 family of pathogenesis-related proteins from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves is induced by a variety of pathogenic and chemical agents and is associated with resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The majority of the PR1 proteins did not copurify with mesophyll protoplasts (the major cell type of the leaf) isolated from tobacco mosaic virus-infected N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc leaves. However, these isolated protoplasts were capable of synthesizing and selectively secreting the PR1 proteins. Using monoclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence microscopy, we localized these proteins to the extracellular spaces predominantly in regions adjacent to viral lesions as well as in xylem elements of infected leaves.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tobacco Mosaic Viru'

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