Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tobacco Mosaic Viru'
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1
Bagley, Christopher A. "Controlling Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco through Resistance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30911.
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infects all classes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and causes losses worldwide. The N gene is the most effective means of controlling TMV; however, this gene is associated with reduced yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco. The mode of inheritance of TMV resistance was determined in two tobacco introductions (TI) from N. tabacum germplasm, both of which produced a hypersensitive response when inoculated with TMV. Inheritance studies with TI 1504 and TI 1473 indicate that a single dominant gene controls resistance. The gene governing resistance in TI 1504 is allelic to the N gene in NC 567. The gene providing resistance in TI 1473 is not allelic to the N gene, providing a potentially new source of resistance. Currently, plant breeders must rely on the N gene. The N gene is used in the heterozygous state to help overcome poor agronomic effects associated with homozygous resistance; however, systemic movement of TMV is occasionally seen in resistant plants. A TMV
susceptible inbred (K 326), a resistant inbred (NC 567), and three resistant hybrids (NC 297, RGH4, and Speight H2O) were inoculated with TMV at transplanting, layby, and topping using different inoculation methods. Plant parts were tested for viral presence and biological activity. Viral movement into all plant parts was observed in K 326. No systemic movement was evident in the plant parts of NC 567, while virus did move into the corollas, pistils, late season sucker growth, and roots of the resistant hybrids showing systemic necrosis.Master of Science
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Beekwilder, Kristen M. "The Inheritance of Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Introductions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31726.
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Thirty-one tobacco introductions that were reported to display either a local lesion or a symptomless reaction to infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were screened for reaction to the virus (Chaplin and Gooding, 1969). Ten tobacco introductions (TI), TI 203, TI 407, TI 438, TI 450, TI 692, TI 1203, TI 1459, TI 1462, TI 1467, and TI 1500 were randomly chosen for further study to characterize their resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Each TI line was crossed with susceptible cultivar K 326 to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to TMV. The F2 progeny of TIs 1459, 1462, and 1500 segregated in a 3 local lesion:1 mosaic ratio, indicating that the gene governing resistance in these three TI lines was a single, dominant trait. The F2 progeny of TIs 203, 407, 438, 450, 692, 1203, and 1467 failed to segregate, only mosaic plants were observed. This would indicate that the gene(s) controlling resistance to TMV in these lines would not provide resistance for plant breeders to incorporate into a breeding program. Each TI line was also crossed with local lesion cultivar NC 567, which contains the N gene, in order to determine if the gene(s) governing resistance in the TI lines was allelic to the N gene in NC 567. The F2 progeny of TIs 1459 and 1462 did not segregate. All progeny displayed the local lesion reaction to TMV indicating that the gene governing resistance in these two lines is allelic to the N gene. The F2 progeny of the cross between TI 1500 and NC 567 segregated in a 15 local lesion: 1 mosaic ratio, which indicates that the gene controlling resistance in TI 1500 is not allelic to the N gene. When crossed with NC 567, the F2 progeny of TIs 407, 438 and 1467, segregated in a 3 local lesion: 1 mosaic ratio. No symptomless plants were observed. There was also segregation in the F2 progeny of the crosses between NC 567 and TIs 203, 450, 692, and 1203. However, the segregation was in no discernible ratio. Once again the F2 progeny of the crosses either displayed a local lesion or mosaic reaction and no symptomless progeny were observed. This would again indicate that the symptomless TI lines do no provide heritable resistance to TMV and therefore are not acceptable as an alternative source of resistance to TMV for the plant breeder. Tobacco introduction 1500 should be investigated further because a single, dominant trait that is not allelic to the N gene governs resistance to TMV in this line.Master of Science
3
Turner, David Richard. "Protein-RNA interactions in tobacco mosaic virus assembly." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328799.
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Tah, Tapashree Schoelz James E. "Chloroplast GFP expression in tobacco plants agroinfiltrated with tobacco mosaic virus based vectors." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6604.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 19, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. James E. Schoelz. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gorzny, Marcin Lukasz. "Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Template for Nanowires Synthesis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515335.
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Gerasopoulos, Konstantinos Dimitriou. "Nanostructured nickel-zinc microbatteries using the tobacco mosaic virus." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8591.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Haley, Ann. "Characterisation of the movement proteins of two plant viruses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308317.
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Taylor, Danielle Nicola. "Yeast two-hybrid studies with tobacco mosaic virus replicase proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624336.
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Ellis, Madeleine D. "Quantitative analysis of individual flue-cured tobacco seed tissues reveals Tobacco mosaic virus infection in embryos." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101554.
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an extensively studied RNA virus that reduces quality and yield in commercially grown tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The virus is transmitted mechanically, although infections have been associated with contaminated seeds with the seed coat being the source of virus. Thus, TMV transmission is said to be seedborne (as opposed to true seed transmission where the embryo is infected). The objective of this study was to identify TMV concentrations in the three components of an individual tobacco seed: seed coat (SC), endosperm (ED), and embryo (EM). Six hundred seed from TMV infected K 326 flue-cured cultivar tobacco plants were carefully dissected into the three components. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and synthesized into cDNA for analysis. A quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed to quantify viral titers in each component, while endpoint PCR confirmed RT- qPCR results and established a threshold viral cycle (Ct) value. Endpoint PCR results revealed viral accumulation in all three components of a tobacco seed. The highest concentration of TMV was in the SC, followed by ED and EM. A similar viral concentration gradient was observed in each individual tobacco seed from all three experimental plants. This is the first detection of TMV in tobacco embryos and suggests the virus can be seed transmitted.Master of Science
10
Atkins, David G. "Studies on the cell-to-cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276159.
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Chivasa, Stephen. "The mechanism of salicylic acid-induced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624178.
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Hung, Chi-Wei. "RNA packaging and gene delivery using Tobacco mosaic virus pseudo virions." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8175.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Loveday, Rachel Ellen Leonard. "Influence of Seed Treatment on Tobacco Mosaic Virus Incidence in Tobacco Seedlings and Virus Distribution in Greenhouse Transplant Production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31396.
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an economically important pathogen that has been studied for over one hundred years. Seedlings, seed coats, and nutrient solution were assayed for the presence of the virus and seed treatments were tested on seeds. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) and biological local lesion assay data were collected. Seed coats from seed collected from TMV infected plants were always positive for TMV regardless of chemical treatment. Seed from infected source plants have lower germination than seed from healthy plants. Trisodium phosphate and hydrochloric acid treatments reduced virus infection of seedlings when grown under controlled conditions. Virus particles were serologically and biologically detected in both the leaves and roots of seedlings mechanically inoculated with TMV. Nutrient solution collected from 28 day old seedlings, 12 days post inoculation, tested positive for biologically active TMV by ELISA and infectivity assay. Infected water in float bed production could facilitate viral movement to all seedlings sharing nutrient solution. Seed transmission of TMV was shown to occur at a rate of 0.2%. This is in contrast to other research attempting to demonstrate seed transmission where visual symptoms on seedlings have been used to assess seed transmission.Master of Science
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Hackland, Andrew F. "The development of transgenic plants resistant to cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco necrosis virus." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21411.
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Bibliography: pages 108-128.Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco necrosis virus (TN V) often occur in mixed virus infections in South Africa. Both viruses are of economic importance because of their world-wide distribution, extensive host range and their effects on yields of agriculturally important crop plants. The complete cDNA sequences of CMV-Wemmershoek (CMV-Wem) coat protein (CP) and TNV-F5P CP genes were cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. CMV-Wem is closely related to CMV-WL and CMV-Q, and therefore falls into CMV subgroup II. Similar analysis showed that TNV-F5P is closely related to TNV-A. By characterizing and sequencing these clones the authenticity of the CMV and TNV CP genes was also determined, prior to sub cloning into the appropriate vectors for expression in E. coli and tobacco. Constructs containing both the full-length CP genes of CMV-Wem and TNV-F5P were subcloned in frame with the malE gene, encoding the maltose binding protein (MBP), in the IPTG-inducible pMALTM vector system, and expressed in E. coli. Through immunological detection the authenticity of both CPs was confirmed. The CMV CP translation product expressed in E.coli was used as an antigen to raise antiserum free from contaminating plant host-specific antibodies. The CP genes of both viruses were individually cloned in both orientations (sense and antisense) in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid-based binary and cointegrate vectors. The study was then extended to include engineering doubly transgenic plants. In order to determine whether the full-length CP is required to mediate virus resistance, a truncated form of the TNV CP was generated by deleting 83 amino acids from the C-terminus. Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv Petit Havana SRl plants containing one of a number of different forms of CMV and TNV CP nucleotide sequence were generated. In whole plant studies, mechanical inoculation of Ro lines with CMV-Wem resulted in more than 50% of the CMV CP-sense (CP+) and CP-antisense plants not developing visible systemic disease symptoms. In both the CMV CP+ and doubly transgenic plants CMV-Wem accumulation was delayed, but virus was found to accumulate in the inoculated leaves over time. The CMV CP+ lines showed excellent protection against CMV-Q, but showed only a delay in symptom production when inoculated with CMV -Y, from subgroup I.
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Chang, Peta-Gaye Suzette. "Plant Virus Diagnostics: Comparison of classical and membrane-based techniques for immunoassay and coat protein sequence characterization for Cucumber mosaic virus and three potyviruses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28017.
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Diagnostics is important in the development and implementation of pest management strategies. The virus diagnostic capabilities of several plant pathology collaborators within the Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) host countries were evaluated with the aid of a survey. Very few plant disease diagnostic clinics had funds to cover daily operations despite over half of the responding clinics receiving an operational budget. Academically and government affiliated clinics within the developing host countries had little access to molecular tools and equipment, relying mostly on biological and serological methods. Clinics affiliated with private companies and within the USA relied more upon molecular assays. Ten CMV isolates identified by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) were collected from a garden at the Historic Smithfield Plantation on the Virginia Tech campus, and from Painter, Virginia on the Eastern Shore. Three CMV isolates from Smithfield were biologically compared to six early CMV isolates stored since the 1970s, while all isolates were compared serologically and molecularly. Sequences obtained after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assigned the CMV isolates into subgroups, with eleven to subgroup 1A and three to subgroup 2. The subgroup assignments were confirmed by TBIA using CMV subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies (Agdia Inc). At Smithfield Plantation, another virus, Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was identified from Dameâ s Rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.). This is the first report of TuMV in Virginia. In TBIA virus-infected plant samples are blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, dried, and processed. Membranes can be stored for long periods of time and transported safely across borders without risk of introducing viruses into new environments, but virus remains immunologically active for several months. Methods were developed with CMV and three potyviruses, using the same membranes, for detecting viral RNA by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of PCR products.. Amplification by RT-PCR was possible after membrane storage for up to 15 months. The membranes also performed well with samples sent from IPM CRSP host countries and within the USA. This method should improve molecular diagnostic capabilities in developing countries, as samples can be blotted to membranes and sent to a centralized molecular laboratory for analysis.Ph. D.
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Santos, Jose Luis da Rocha. "Efeito de alta pressão hidrostática e agentes desnaturantes na estabilidade do virus do mosaico do tabaco (TMV)." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314728.
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Orientador: Carlos Francisco Sampaio BonafeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JoseLuisdaRocha_D.pdf: 2961900 bytes, checksum: 8d0413331d106601d34efccd4f8e6bb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Os vírus são estruturas auto-associaveis muito eficientes, porém, pouco é conhecido sobre a termodinâmica que governa essa associação dirigida. Em altos níveis de pressão ocorre dissociação do TMV ou desnaturação quando a pressão é combinada com uréia. Para um melhor entendimento de tais processos nós calculamos os parâmetros termodinâmicos aparentes de dissociação e desnaturação do TMV, assumindo uma condição de estado estacionário "steady-state condition". Esses processos podem ser monitorados pela diminuição de espalhamento de luz da solução virai devido ao processo de dissociação e pelo desvio para o vermelho do espectro de emissão de fluorescência, que ocorre com o processo de desnaturação. Nós determinamos a estequiometria aparente de uréia considerando a reação de equilíbrio de dissociação e desnaturação das subunidades do TMV, as quais forneceram, respectivamente, 1,53 e 11,1 mols de uréia/mol de subunidade de TMV. As condições de dissociação e desnaturação foram atingidas em uma via próxima da reversível, permitindo a determinação de parâmetros termodinâmicos. Analises de gel filtração em HPLC, microscopia eletrônica e dicroísmo circular confirmaram os processos de dissociação e desnaturação. Os cálculos das estequiometrias aparentes de uréia de vários vírus baseados em resultados espectroscópicos de artigos recentes mostraram que os processos de dissociação e desnaturação seguem uma estequiometria similar, sugerindo uma interação similar uréia-vírus entre estes sistemas. A desnaturação do TMV utilizando GndHCl foi mais eficiente que a uréia, apresentando estequiometria de 7,50 mols de GndHCl /mol de subunidade de TMV
Abstract: Viruses are very efficient self-assembly structures, but little is understood about the thermodynamics governing this directed assembly. At higher levels of pressure occurs dissociation of TMV or when pressure is combined with urea, denaturation occurs. For a better understanding of such processes, we investigated the apparent thermodynamic parameters of dissociation and denaturation by assuming a steady-state condition. These processes can be measured considering the decrease of light scattering of a viral solution due to the dissociation process, and the red shift of the fluorescence emission spectra, that occurs with the denaturation process. We determined the urea stoicbiometry considering the equilibrium reaction of TMV dissociation and subunit denaturation, which furnished, respectively, 1.53 and 11.1 mois of urea/mol of TMV subunit. The denaturation and dissociation conditions were arrived in a near reversible pathway, allowing the determination of thermodynamic parameters. Gel filtration HPLC, electron microscopy and circular dichroism confirmed the dissociation and denaturation processes. The calculation of apparent urea stoicbiometry of several other viruses based on spectroscopic results from earlier papers showed that dissociation and denaturation processes follow similar stoichiometrics, suggesting a similar virus-urea interaction among these systems. The TMV denaturation was more efficient in the presence of GndHCl, with stoichiometry of 7.50 mois of GndHCl /mol of TMV subunit
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Ferriol, Safont Inmaculada. "FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLUTION OF BROAD BEAN WILT VIRUS 1 AND TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16000.
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Los virus producen graves pérdidas económicas en la agricultura. Esta problemática es muy dinámica ya que cada año aparecen nuevas virosis y es frecuente los fenómenos de emergencia con una rápida expansión de los virus. El control de las enfermedades víricas resulta poco eficaz en muchos casos porque la población viral es capaz de evolucionar y superar dichas estrategias. Por ello es clave entender la dinámica de las poblaciones y los factores implicados en la evolución de los virus con respecto a distintos aspectos de su biología del ciclo viral: replicación, movimiento dentro de la planta, respuesta a los mecanismos de defensa de la planta, transmisión a otras plantas, etc.
El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de los factores implicados en la evolución de dos virus que difieren en su variabilidad genética y gama de huéspedes: i) el Virus 1 del marchitamiento del haba (Broad bean wilt virus 1, BBWV-1), del género Fabavirus; y ii) el Virus del mosaico del tabaco (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) del género Tobamovirus.
Primero se han desarrollado una serie de herramientas metodológicas que han permitido la detección rápida de BBWV-1 mediante hibridación molecular de improntas, la detección y cuantificación de BBWV-1 y TMV y su diferenciación de otras virosis del mismo género mediante RT-PCR cuantitativa a tiempo real. Se ha llevado a cabo la construcción de clones de cDNA del genoma completo de BBWV-1 para obtener transcritos infecciosos que puedan ser usados para estudiar la biología molecular, evolución y epidemiología.
Una vez desarrollado esta metodología se ha usado para evaluar la eficacia biológica de BBWV-1 en el huésped y el efecto de algunos factores: concentración del inóculo, estado de desarrollo de la planta, tipo de huésped, aplicación de un activador de la defensa de la planta, y la infección con otro virus. Así mismo se han estudiado los factores relacionados con la eficacia biológica del virus durante su transmisión por pulgones: título viralFerriol Safont, I. (2012). FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLUTION OF BROAD BEAN WILT VIRUS 1 AND TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16000
Palancia
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Hoak, Jessica. "Tracking Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection from Infected Seeds to Seedlings Confirms Seed Transmission in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101702.
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The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive sense single stranded RNA virus and is found across the world. TMV can impact the overall yield and quality of the crop resulting in an economic loss. Plants that are infected with TMV show a variety of symptoms such as mosaic pattern, mottling, necrotic lesions and stunted growth. Historically, TMV has caused controversy on whether this economically significant virus is seedborne or seed transmitted. The objective of this study is to track TMV infection from infected seeds to seedlings to determine the percentage of seed transmission. This experiment used three pods from three different TMV infected cultivar K 326 flue-cured tobacco plants. Seeds from each pod were germinated in a growth chamber for approximately ten days. Samples were separated into seed coat, root and leaves after germination. Total RNA was extracted from each part and synthesized into cDNA for analysis. A quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to determine TMV concentration of each sample. Endpoint RT-PCR was used to determine a conservative threshold value from the RT-qPCR results. These results demonstrated that TMV influenced percent germination with a range from 94% to 50%. Seed coats had a significantly higher virus titer concentration (P < 0.05) when compared to the roots and leaves. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant (P < 0.0001) differences among pods for virus titer and there is a highly significant plant by pod interaction (P < 0.0001). Endpoint RT-PCR confirmed TMV infection in leaves, roots and seed coats. Percent infection in leaves ranged from 2% to 24% and percent infection for roots ranged from 8% to 40%. Results demonstrate that TMV is seed transmitted in flue-cured tobacco.Master of Science
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Dagless, Emma Mary. "Analysis and application of CaMV 35S promotor-driven clones of tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29793.
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Recently, cDNA clones of RNA viruses have been fused to the 35S promoter from CaMV. Having received a 35S-cDNA clone of TMV-U1 we investigated its infectivity. Protoplast, microprojectile bombardment and plant transformation experiments were conducted. We were able to demonstrate that the clone was highly infectious to tissue known to host TMV. However, the 35S-TMV cDNA construct was unable to reliably induce an infection following the manual inoculation of leaves, possible reasons have been discussed. Using the 35S-TMV cDNA we generated four replication-marker constructs. Each construct contained the luciferase marker gene inserted in place of the TMV coat protein ORF. As a result, the constructs should have been capable of replication-dependent expression of luciferase. The constructs were tested using microprojectile bombardment and plant transformation experiments. Unfortunately the constructs did not appear to function in the manner intended. The design of each construct has been fully discussed and we conclude that further analysis of transgenic plants lines is required.;The application of TMV-based replication and replicase constructs for studies of Tm-1 and N gene mediated resistance has been considered. Resistance to the N gene has been investigated via microprojectile bombardment and plant transformation experiments. Evidence suggests that the formation of an active replicase-complex may be required to elicit the N gene-mediated hypersensitive response. The expression of TMV replicase proteins alone does not appear to elicit the response. Following the inoculation of TMV on to transgenic N. tabacum Samsun NN plants, expressing replication or replicase constructs, unusual phenotypes were observed. A number of interesting transgenic plant lines have been generated. Investigations have been conducted to determine whether they were resistant to TMV. Results suggest that N. tabacum SR1 plants expressing a TMV-based replicase construct exhibit a resistant phenotype.
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Wang, Haoran. "Nanomechanical Characterization of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Superlattice with Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Methods." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26879.
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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been widely studied due to its excellent properties. In order to utilize TMV superlattice, this thesis initiates the study on its mechanical properties. The elastic modulus of TMV superlattice was first assessed by means of AFM-based nanoindentation and extended JKR model. The consideration of adhesion involved in the interaction of the AFM tip and the surface of the sample results in more accurate measurement. The novel numerical process proposed in this thesis simplifies the fitting procedure. The viscoelasticity of TMV superlattice was also measured. The AFM was for the first time utilized to perform a transient viscoelastic experiment. An adhesive viscoelastic contact mechanics model was developed based on which the elastic moduli E, E2 and the viscosity η (Fig.4.5) are determined to be 3 GPa, 0.0213 GPa and 12.4 GPa.ms, respectively. This thesis can serve as novel examples to characterize the mechanical properties of nano-biomaterials.
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Franke, Christina E. "Tobacco Mosaic Virus Nanocarrier for Restored Cisplatin Efficacy in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1493810190306879.
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Sheih, Tianna. "Development of a Dengue Fever Vaccine from Recombinant DENV2 Protein and Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/810.
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Dengue fever is a rapidly growing concern to human health and is currently the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. Although there are several vaccine candidates being tested in clinical trials, there are no vaccines publicly available to prevent this disease. Plant-based vaccines are rapidly becoming viable alternatives to traditional animal-based vaccines because they are safe, easy to manufacture, and more cost-efficient. The purpose of this project is to develop a vaccine against the dengue virus by producing a recombinant DENV2 protein, engineered by Dr. David Lo and his lab at University of California Riverside, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants through Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) infection. Initial attempts to ligate the complete DENV2 epitope, a combination of hybrid flagellin sequences and the envelope protein from dengue viral serotype 2, into the pJL TRBO vector were incompatible with established protocols. However, a proof of concept test that replaced the DENV2 envelope protein with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) successfully inserted the new sequence into pJL TRBO. In the future, the DENV2 envelope protein sequence will be re-inserted into the construct and updated protocols will be repeated for DENV2 protein expression. The recombinant DENV2 proteins will be extracted from the plants after signs of infection become apparent and tested for their ability to induce an immunogenic response that produces pathogen-specific antibodies.
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Beltrame, André Boldrin. "Efeito de cianobactérias e algas eucarióticas na resistência de plantas de fumo contra o Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-02032006-155032/.
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As algas produzem uma grande diversidade de compostos com atividade biológica, inclusive que agem diretamente sobre vírus ou como indutores de fitoalexinas. Em vista disso, foi investigada a redução de sintomas causados por Tobacco mosaic vírus (TMV) em plantas de fumo tratadas com cianobactérias ou algas eucarióticas, além de se tentar elucidar o modo de ação das algas no patossistema estudado. Quando as plantas de fumo foram tratadas dois dias antes da inoculação, foi verificado que suspensões dos isolados 004/02, 008/02, 061/02, Anabaena sp. e Nostoc sp. 61, bem como as preparações do conteúdo intracelular do isolado 004/02 (4 C) e do filtrado do meio de cultivo do isolado 061/02 (61 M) apresentaram efeito na redução dos sintomas de TMV em plantas de fumo, cultivar TNN. Além disso, foi estudado o efeito direto das algas sobre as partículas de vírus. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp. 21, Nostoc sp. 61 e 090/02 apresentam compostos que agem diretamente sobre o TMV. Para tentar elucidar o mecanismo de ação das algas no patossistema estudado, diversos parâmetros bioquímicos foram investigados. Foi detectado que a preparação 4 C aumentou a atividade de peroxidases e que todos os tratamentos analizados reduziram a atividade de β-1,3-glucanase em folhas de fumo a partir do quarto dia após o tratamento das plantas. Por sua vez, as suspensões dos isolados 008/02 e 061/02 e a preparação 61 M proporcionaram maior acúmulo de superóxido, enquanto que a preparação 4 C reduziu o acúmulo de peróxido de hidrogênio, em relação aos controles água destilada e meio de cultura BG 11, 37 horas após a inoculação do vírus. Em vista disso, as algas podem ser utilizadas como agentes de controle biológico, por apresentar ação direta sobre fitopatógenos ou alterarem o metabolismo de plantas, o que pode estar associado com a sintese de compostos de defesa.Algae produce several different compounds that show biological activity, including ones with antiviral activity or that act as phytoalexin inducers. Thus, it was investigated the reduction of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) symptoms on tobacco plants treated with cyanobacteria or eukaryotic algae, and it was studied the way of action of algae on the studied pathosystem. When the tobacco plants were treated two days before the inoculation, it was verified that the suspension of 004/02, 008/02, 061/02 Anabaena sp., and Nostoc sp. 61 strains as well as the intracellular preparation of 004/02 strain (4 C) and the medium filtrated from 061/02 strain (61 M) reduced TMV symptoms on tobacco plants, cultivar TNN. Furthermore, it was studied the direct effect of the algae suspensions on virus particles. The results showed that Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp. 21, Nostoc sp. 61 and 090/02 strains have compounds with direct activity on TMV. To try to elucidate the way of the action of algae, on the studied pathosystem, several biochemical parameters were investigated. It was seen that the preparation 4 C increase peroxidase activity and all treatments decrease β-1,3-glucanase activity on tobacco leaves from the forth day on after the treatment. Moreover, 008/02 and 061/02 strains and the 61 M preparation caused higher superoxide accumulation, and the preparation 4 C decreased hydrogen peroxide accumulation when compared to the controls distilled water and BG 11 medium 37 hour after virus inoculation. In this way, the algae could be a biocontrol agents, because it shows direct action on phytopathogens and/or change the metabolism of the plants, that could be associated with the synthesis of deffence compounds.
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Peart, Jack Robert. "The use of virus-induced gene silencing to identify genes required for N-mediated resistance against tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247101.
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Sassi, Giovanna. "Relative quantification of host gene expression and protein accumulation upon turnip mosaic potyvirus infection in tobacco." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81433.
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Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infects a variety of crops, worldwide, including the economically relevant Brassicacea family. It was previously demonstrated that TuMV infection in tobacco protoplasts leads to an overall decrease of host protein. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon is due to the repression of plant gene transcription during the infection period or due to viral inhibition of host translation. In this study, quantification of various transcripts and protein products from infected tobacco was performed via real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In comparison to the gamma-tubulin endogenous control, gene expression for the tobacco H3, HSP70 and granule-bound starch synthase was affected by TuMV infection with time.Tobacco protein accumulation in whole leaf tissues was also significantly affected by increase of virus particles.
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Shen, Peter S. "The Characterization of Avian Polyomavirus, Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and Bacteriophage CW02 by Means of Cryogenic Electron Microscopy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3069.
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Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the biosphere and are known to infect hosts from all domains of life. The aim of my work is to identify conserved and non-conserved features among the capsid structures of related and divergent icosahedral viruses via cryogenic electron microscopy, sequence analysis, molecular modeling, and other techniques. Bird polyomaviruses often cause severe disease in their hosts whereas mammalian polyomaviruses generally do not. Avian polyomavirus is a type of bird polyomavirus with an unusually broad host range compared to the restricted tropism of other polyomaviruses. Although most polyomaviruses have a conserved, rigid capsid protein structure, avian polyomavirus has a flexible capsid shell and a non-conserved C-terminus in its major capsid protein. A β-hairpin motif appears to stabilize other polyomaviruses but is missing in avian polyomavirus. The lack of this structure in avian polyomavirus may account for its capsid flexibility and broad host range. A minor capsid protein unique to bird polyomaviruses may be located on the inner capsid surface. This protein may have a role in the acute disease caused by bird polyomaviruses. The solution-state capsid structure of satellite tobacco mosaic virus was unexpectedly different than the previously solved crystalline structure. The conformational differences were accounted for by a shift of the capsid protein about the icosahedral fivefold axis. Conversely, the RNA core was consistent between solution and crystalline structures. The stable RNA core supports previous observations that the viral genome stabilizes the flexible capsid. Halophage CW02 infects Salinivibrio bacteria in the Great Salt Lake. The three-dimensional structure of CW02 revealed a conserved HK97-like fold that is found in all tailed, double-stranded DNA viruses. The capsid sequence of CW02 shares less than 20% identity with HK97-like viruses, demonstrating that structure is more conserved than sequence. A conserved module of genes places CW02 in the viral T7 supergroup, members of which are found in diverse aquatic environments. No tail structure was observed in reconstructions of CW02, but turret-like densities were found on each icosahedral vertex, which may represent unique adaptations similar to those seen in other extremophilic viruses.
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Hayes, Amanda J. "Greenhouse sanitation efficacy of disinfectants on cutting blades using tobacco mosaic virus on petunia as a model /." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/35862.
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Lima, Neto Daniel Ferreira 1979. "Efeito da alta pressão hidrostática no mapeamento de epítopos da proteína do capsídeo do vírus do mosaico do tabaco." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316615.
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Orientador: Clarice Weis ArnsTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Microbiologia
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Schuck, Heather A. "Differentially expressed genes of Sophrolaeliacattleya Ginny Champion "Riverbend" in response to the odontoglossum ringspot virus." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164841.
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Due to the rapid destruction of native orchid habitats it has become necessary to house many endangered orchid species in greenhouse environments where enhanced spread of viral disease occurs due to the close contact between plants. This research was concerned with the construction of a library of genes whose expression is induced in response to viral challenge. In uncovering the genes that are activated during plant-pathogen interactions, it may be possible to manipulate these pathways to develop virus resistant orchids. Furthermore, this research will contribute additional information for the existing framework of plant-pathogen interactions of all plant species.In order to construct a library of genes expressed in response to viral infection, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed using the PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction Kit (CLONTECH, Palo Alto, CA) on Sophrolaeliacattleya Ginny Champion 'Riverbend' clones. RNA was isolated from plants that had been inoculated with the Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and from control plants that had not been inoculated with ORSV. Following reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to obtain cDNA, cDNAs of the tester population (those cDNAs containing differentially expressed messages in response to ORSV) and the driver population (reference cDNAs from uninfected plants) were obtained. The two different cDNA populations are mixed together and hybridized. The sequences common to both populations were subtracted, leaving only the differentially expressed sequences available for PCR amplification.A library containing these genes was constructed, and one clone, chosen at random, was sequenced. Based on homology comparisons to known genes, we have cloned a gene that may contain a nucleotide binding site similar to that of the tobacco N gene, important for plant resistance to pathogens. In the near future, this clone will be used to construct probes for use in northern analysis to determine the timing and localization of the products of this gene. This information will aid in characterizing the function of the orchid N-gene and identifying other members of this signal cascade. In addition, many other clones await sequencing and similar characterization.Department of Biology
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Halle, Briana. "Production of a Cost-Effective, TMV-Based Rabies Vaccine through Recombinant DNA Technology." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1816.
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Infectious diseases remain a significant cause of human deaths, as approximately 15 million deaths were attributed to infectious diseases in 2010 (Dye, 2014). One such disease is rabies, which causes around 59,000 human deaths worldwide annually according to some estimates (Kessels et al., 2017). However, 95% of human deaths attributed to rabies occur in Asia and Africa (Singh et al., 2017). Rabies is preventable, yet it is still a major concern in developing, low-income countries that lack access to the medical care necessary to combat it (Hampson et al., 2015). Alternative techniques for low-cost vaccine production have the potential to resolve this issue. This research investigates the use of recombinant DNA techniques and plant biotechnology to produce a more cost-effective vaccine for rabies. Gene sequences from the rabies glycoprotein were inserted at the end of the coat protein portion of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) genome. Plants were then infected with this recombinant virus, with hopes that TMV particles would assemble with proteins produced from the inserted glycoprotein sequence fused to the TMV coat protein. Results thus far suggest some of the sequences could be producing recombinant TMV particles, although issues involving successful extraction and reversion to wild type are still a challenge. Additionally, other research suggests that this is an effective method for vaccine development in general and for rabies.
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Moehnke, Marcie H. Kearney Christopher Michel. "The recombinant expression of two pollen allergens using plant-viral and yeast expression systems." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/2844.
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Pfukwa, Rueben. "Hierarchical self‐assembly of novel para‐aryltriazole helical foldamers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20370.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hierarchical information transfer is investigated as a tool to prepare well‐defined nanostructures with high aspect ratios, via the self‐assembly of helically folding poly(paraaryltriazole) (P(p‐AT)) foldamers. A novel ‘helicity codon’ based on the 1,4‐linkage geometry in 1,4‐aryl‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐ triazoles is developed. Helical folding is induced exclusively by directing all triazole moieties into a cisoid configuration. By linking the triazole rings in a para fashion about the aryl moiety, this helicity codon codes for a helix with a large internal cavity of ~ 3 nm. One turn of the putative helical conformation requires 14 repeat units and the helical pitch is ~ 0.38 nm. The aryltriazole backbone is appended with amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (oEG) units which have the dual roles of imparting solubility as well as instigating a solvophobic helical folding in solvents which poorly solvate the hydrophobic arytriazole backbone but, solvate the side chains fully. The helix interior is hydrophobic and the exterior is amphiphilic. A true polymer synthesis approach to the foldamer synthesis, based on the copper catalysed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) AB step growth polymerization system, is developed. This is preceded by a facile synthetic protocol for the AB monomers. The subsequent P(p‐ AT)s have high molecular weights ensuring several turns in the helical foldamer. A DMF/H2O good solvent/bad solvent system is established. Twist sense bias in the helical foldamers is successfully imparted by installing enantiopure chiral oEG side chains. Spectroscopic signatures for the solvent dependent coil to helix transition are established enabling the tracking of the conformational transitions from primary to secondary and finally tertiary structure. Conclusive evidence for the formation of stable, long stacked helical columns, in the solution state, is provided via cryo‐TEM. The helical stacks are several microns long, but of random lengths and do not intertwine but rather run parallel to each other. The helical stacks, however, have indeterminate lengths. Control over the length and chirality of the self‐assembled helical stacks is successfully imparted by using a template which mimics the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The template used is the hydrophobic α‐helical polypeptide poly(γ‐ benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (PBLG). Self‐assembly is driven by solvophobicity in a DMF/H2O system, the PBLG template being encapsulated inside the hydrophobic cavities of the stacked/selfassembled helical foldamers. Information from the template, i.e. length and chirality, is used to control the length and the chirality of the stacked/self‐assembled construct. The templated self‐assembly process is solvent dependent. When carried out in the solvent regime at the coil to helix transition mid‐point of the foldamer host, system operates under a dynamic equilibrium. Under these conditions, the self‐assembly process is shown to take place between two distinct states, the foldamer helices and the helical template, the template threading through the foldamer helices. The resulting self‐assembled construct has a pseudo‐rotaxane architecture. Under dynamic equilibrium conditions, temperature induced dis‐assembly of the templated assembled construct, is shown to be a cooperative process, whilst re‐assembly is characterized by a large hysteresis. By increasing the volume fraction of water, the solvophobic character of the system is increased and template assembled construct is better stabilised. The assembly system, however, loses its dynamic equilibrium character and falls into kinetic traps. Temperature induced de‐threading, of the foldamer helices, becomes less favourable and loses its cooperative character although the hysteresis loop is reduced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hiërargiese inligtingsoordrag is bestudeer as ‘n hulpmiddel om goed gedefinieerde nanostrukture met ‘n goeie beeldverhouding voor te berei. Die nanostrukture word voorberei deur middel van self‐samestelling van heliese vouing van poli(para‐arieltriasool) (P(p‐AT)) ‘foldamers’. ‘n Nuwe heliese‐kodon gebaseer op die 1,4 koppelingsgeometrie in 1,4 arieldigesubstitueerde‐ 1,2,3‐triasool is ontwikkel. Heliese vouing word uitsluitlik geïnduseer as al die triasole in die sis konfigurasie is. Deur die triasole in ‘n para konfigurasie te bind, kodeer die heliese kodon vir ‘n heliks met ‘n groot interne kanaal van ~ 3 nm. Een draai van die heliks benodig 14 herhalende eenhede en die heliese gradiënt ~ 0.38 nm. Amfifiliese oligo(etileen glikol) (oEG) eenhede is aan die arieltriasoolruggraat aangeheg. Hierdie aanhegting van oEG eenhede bevorder oplosbaarheid en dit induseer ‘n solvofobiese heliese vouing in oplosmiddels wat nie die hidrofobiese arieltriasoolruggraat oplos nie, maar wel die sy‐kettings volledig oplos. Die binnekant van die heliks is hidrofobies en die buitekant is amfifilies. ‘n Polimeersintese benadering tot die ‘foldamer’ sintese (gebaseer op die koper gekataliseerde siklo‐addisie reaksie tussen ‘n asied en ‘n alkyn) AB stapsgewyse groei polimerisasiestelsel, is ontwikkel. Dit is voorafgegaan deur ‘n geskikte sintetiese protokol vir die AB monomere. Die daaropvolgende P(p‐AT) het ‘n hoë molekulêre massa wat verseker dat daar ‘n hele paar draaie in die heliese ‘foldamer’ is. ‘n DMF/H2O goeie oplosmiddel/ swak oplosmiddel sisteem is vasgestel. Draaiing van die heliks na ‘n spesifieke kant alleenlik is suksesvol geïnduseer deur die toevoeging van suiwer enantiomere van die chirale oEG sykettings. Spektroskopiese handtekeninge van die oplosmiddel‐afhanklike ketting tot heliks transformasie word vasgestel sodat die oorgangstoestande gevolg kan word vanaf primêre tot sekondêre en uiteindelik tesiêre struktuur. Beslissende bewyse vir die formasie van stabiele, lang gestapelde heliese kolomme in die opgeloste toestand is bewys met cryo‐TEM. Die heliese stapels is verskeie mikron lank, maar het verskillende lengtes. Die heliese stapels is parallel aan mekaar en oorvleuel nie. Die lengte van die heliese stapels is egter onbepaalbaar. Beheer oor die lengte en chiraliteit van die self‐samestellende heliese stapels is verkry deur gebruik te maak van ‘n templaat wat die rol van ribonukleïensuur (RNS) in die tabakmosaïekvirus (TMV) naboots. Hidrofobiese α‐heliese polipeptied poli(γ‐bensiel‐Lglutamaat) (PBLG) is gebruik as die templaat. Self‐samestelling word gedryf deur solvofobisiteit in ‘n DMF/H2O stelsel, met die PBLG templaat wat dan geënkapsuleer word binne die hidrofobiese holtes van die gestapelde/ self‐saamgestelde heliese ‘foldamers’. Die lengte en die chiraliteit van die templaat word gebruik om die lengte en chiraliteit van die gestapelde helikse te beheer. Die templaatbemiddelde self‐samestellende proses is afhanklik van die oplosmiddel. Die stelsel is by ‘n dinamiese ewewig wanneer, uitgevoer in ‘n oplosmiddel, die ketting na heliks oorgang die middelpunt van die ‘foldamer’ gasheer bereik het. By hierdie omstandighede vind die self‐samestellende proses plaas tussen twee afsonderlike toestande nl. die ‘foldamer’ helikse en die heliese templaat, en die templaat wat vleg deur die ‘foldamer’ helikse vleg. Die gevolglike struktuur het ‘n pseudo‐rotaxane argitektuur. By dinamiese ewewigstoestande veroorsaak temperatuur dat die self‐samestellende templaatstrukture weer disintegreer. Hierdie is ‘n koöperatiewe proses terwyl die hersamestelling gekarakteriseer word deur ‘n sloerende proses. Deur die waterfraksie te vermeerder, word die solvofobiese karakter van die sisteem verhoog en die templaat selfsamestellende struktuur beter gestabiliseer. Die samestellingsproses verloor egter sy dinamiese ewewigkarakter en val in kinetiese slaggate. Temperatuur geïnduseerde disintegrasie van die foldamer helikse word minder gunstig en dit verloor die koöperatiewe karakter alhoewel die sloering verminder is.
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Wang, Xiao. "Functions of the tobacco mosaic virus helicase domain regulating formation of the virus replication complex and altering the activity of a host-encoded transcription factor /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8124.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Valle, Raphaelle Komatsu Dalla. "Desenvolvimento de marcador molecular para resistência a Tobacco mosaic virus e herança da resistência a Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 em tabaco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-26092008-143634/.
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Este projeto objetivou desenvolver um marcador molecular ligado ao gene de resistência a Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), em vista da necessidade de aprimorar os métodos de melhoramento de plantas para atender crescentes demandas de produtividade. O outro objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação de uma população segregante F2 e de retrocruzamento (RC1F1) a Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, oriunda do cruzamento das cultivares comerciais Coker 176 (C176) e Coker 371 Gold (C371G). Para o desenvolvimento do marcador ligado ao gene de resistência a TMV, o gene N, foram desenvolvidos iniciadores específicos para regiões conservadas (TIR, NBS e LRR) deste gene com base em sua seqüência. Estes iniciadores foram utilizados para amplificar um marcador cuja ligação ao referido gene foi confirmada em 200 indivíduos de população segregante F2 oriunda do cruzamento entre uma linhagem resistente (Coker176) e outra suscetível ao vírus (Kentucky326). A proporção entre o número de plantas resistentes e suscetíveis (154:46) não diferiu estatisticamente daquela esperada no caso de segregação de um gene dominante de resistência, que seria de 3:1. Os resultados indicaram que o marcador e o gene estão proximamente ligados segundo taxa de recombinação, que foi de 1%. Na avaliação da hereditariedade a M.incognita utilizou-se 141 indivíduos da população segregante F2 oriunda do cruzamento entre uma linhagem resistente (Coker176) e suscetível (Coker 371G) e 138 indivíduos de RC1F1 ([C176 X C371G] X C371G). Os resultados obtidos entre a proporção entre o número de plantas resistentes e suscetíveis da população F2 (102:39) e da RC1F1 (67:71) não diferiu estatisticamente daquela esperada no caso de segregação de um gene dominante de resistência.The aim of this study is to develop a molecular marker linked to the resistant gene to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) considering the necessity to improve plant breeding to meet growing demands of productivity. The other goal of this study is to evaluate the mode of inheritance of an F2 segregating population and backcross (BCF1) population of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 originated from cross breeding between commercial cultivars Coker 176 and Coker 371 Gold. For the development of the marker linked to the TMV resistant gene, the N gene, specific primers of this gene were developed for conserved regions (TIR, NBS and LRR) based on their sequence. These primers were used to amplify a marker whose connection with the aforementioned gene was confirmed in 200 individuals in a segregating F2 population originated from the cross breeding between a resistant cultivar (Coker176) and another cultivar which is susceptible to the virus (Kentucky326). The proportion between the number of resistant and susceptible plants (154:46) did not statistically differ from the one expected in the segregation of one dominant resistance, which would be a 3:1 segregation ratio. The results indicated that the marker and the gene are narrowly linked according to recombination ratio 1%. In the heredity evaluation of resistance to M.incognita 141 plants of the segregating F2 population originated from the cross breeding of a resistant (Coker176) and susceptible cultivar (Coker 371G) and 138 plants of backcross BC1F1 ([C176 X C371G) X C3371G) were used. The outcome of the proportion between the number of resistant and susceptible plants of segregating F2 (102:39) and BC1F1 population (67:71) were not statistically different from the ones expected for a monogenic dominant resistance.
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Srinivasan, Krishnan. "Nanomaterial Sensing Layer Based Surface Acoustic Wave Hydrogen Sensors." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/873.
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This thesis addresses the design and use of suitable nanomaterials and surface acoustic wave sensors for hydrogen detection and sensing.
Nanotechnology is aimed at design and synthesis of novel nanoscale materials. These materials could find uses in the design of optical, biomedical and electronic devices. One such example of a nanoscale biological system is a virus. Viruses have been given a lot of attention for assembly of nanoelectronic materials. The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) used in this research represents an inexpensive and renewable biotemplate that can be easily functionalized for the synthesis of nanomaterials. Strains of this virus have been previously coated with metals, silica or semiconductor materials with potential applications in the assembly of nanostructures and nanoelectronic circuits. Carbon nanotubes are another set of well-characterized nanoscale materials which have been widely investigated to put their physical and chemical properties to use in design of transistors, gas sensors, hydrogen storage cells, etc. Palladium is a well-known material for detection of hydrogen. The processes of absorption and desorption are known to be reversible and are known to produce changes in density, elastic properties and conductivity of the film. Despite these advantages, palladium films are known to suffer from problems of peeling and cracking in hydrogen sensor applications. They are also required to be cycled for a few times with hydrogen before they give reproducible responses.
The work presented in this thesis, takes concepts from previous hydrogen sensing techniques and applies them to two nanoengineered particles (Pd coated TMV and Pd coated SWNTs) as SAW resonator sensing materials. Possible sensing enhancements to be gained by using these nanomaterial sensing layers are investigated. SAW resonators were coated with these two different nano-structured sensing layers (Pd-TMV and Pd-SWNT) which produced differently useful hydrogen sensor responses. The Pd-TMV coated resonator responded to hydrogen with nearly constant increases in frequency as compared to the Pd-SWNT coated device, which responded with concentration-dependent decreases in frequency of greater magnitude upon hydrogen exposure. The former behavior is more associated with acousto-electric phenomena in SAW devices and the later with mass loading. The 99% response times were 30-40 seconds for the Pd-TMV sensing layer and approximately 150 seconds for the Pd-SWNT layer. Both the films showed high robustness and reversibility at room temperature. When the Pd film was exposed to hydrogen it was observed that it produced decreases in frequency to hydrogen challenges, conforming to mass loading effect. It was also observed that the Pd film started degrading with repeated exposure to hydrogen, with shifts after each exposure going smaller and smaller.
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Larsson, Daniel. "Exploring the Molecular Dynamics of Proteins and Viruses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Beräknings- och systembiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172284.
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Knowledge about structure and dynamics of the important biological macromolecules — proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and sugars — helps to understand their function. Atomic-resolution structures of macromolecules are routinely captured with X-ray crystallography and other techniques. In this thesis, simulations are used to explore the dynamics of the molecules beyond the static structures. Viruses are machines constructed from macromolecules. Crystal structures of them reveal little to no information about their genomes. In simulations of empty capsids, we observed a correlation between the spatial distribution of chloride ions in the solution and the position of RNA in crystals of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) and satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV). In this manner, structural features of the non-symmetric RNA could also be inferred. The capsid of STNV binds calcium ions on the icosahedral symmetry axes. The release of these ions controls the activation of the virus particle upon infection. Our simulations reproduced the swelling of the capsid upon removal of the ions and we quantified the water permeability of the capsid. The structure and dynamics of the expanded capsid suggest that the disassembly is initiated at the 3-fold symmetry axis. Several experimental methods require biomolecular samples to be injected into vacuum, such as mass-spectrometry and diffractive imaging of single particles. It is therefore important to understand how proteins and molecule-complexes respond to being aerosolized. In simulations we mimicked the dehydration process upon going from solution into the gas phase. We find that two important factors for structural stability of proteins are the temperature and the level of residual hydration. The simulations support experimental claims that membrane proteins can be protected by a lipid micelle and that a non-membrane protein could be stabilized in a reverse micelle in the gas phase. A water-layer around virus particles would impede the signal in diffractive experiments, but our calculations estimate that it should be possible to determine the orientation of the particle in individual images, which is a prerequisite for three-dimensional reconstruction.BMC B41, 25/5, 9:15
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Carroll, Audra L. "Sense and antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of the Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) coat protein gene via microprojectile bombardment of orchid callus tissue." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1210536.
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A major goal of our laboratory is to confer resistence specifically to the Odontoglossum ringspot virus [ORSV; sometimes referred to as tobacco mosaic virus strain O (TMV-O)] in orchids. The chosen strategy may also provide cross-protection to other pathogens. The experimental design for the entire project is presented here along with the results obtained in several preliminary experiments performed in this research. Our approach involved RT-PCR amplification of the viral coat protein gene with gene-specific primers and digestion of the cDNAs into oligonucleotides. These fragments were cloned into the selectable vector pG35barB (which confers herbicide resistence) in both sense and antisense orientations. The cloned DNA was coated with tungsten beads and shot into orchid callus tissue using a makeshift biolistic gun. Tranformant callus cells were selected for by herbicide resistance. Unfortunately the potential transformants became contaminated with fungus and could nto be analyzed to determine which oligonucleotide was received and the effect each oligonucleotide had on pathogen resistance. Due to the uncertainty of the relatedness between ORSV and TMV-O, we also sequenced the coat protein gene of TMV-O and compared the amino acid sequence with those of several strains of ORSV: the Japanese strain had the highest percent amino acid similarity (99.4%), the Type strain the second highest (98.7%), and the Korean strain the lowest (96.9%). It was concluded that TMV-O is most likely one strain of ORSV, the Japanese strain.Department of Biology
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Boutant, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation des interactions entre la protéine de mouvement (MP) du Tobacco mosaic virus et le cytosquelette microtubulaire et étude du mécanisme de transport de la MP aux plasmodesmes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/BOUTANT_Emmanuel_2007.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Le virus de la mosaïque du tabac possède un génome d’ARN codant pour quatre protéines dont la MP. Lors de la virose, la MP:GFP s’accumule au niveau des plasmodesmes (pd), du réticulum endoplasmique et des microtubules (MT). L’essentiel des résultats décrits dans ce mémoire concernent la caractérisation de l’association de la MP avec les MT notamment le mécanisme d’association de la MP, l’influence sur la dynamique des MT, l’incidence sur la division cellulaire, l’oligomérisation de la MP, la caractérisation d’interactions in vivo et in vitro de la MP avec des facteurs cellulaires comme la protéine End Binding 1, les protéines du complexe de nucléation ou encore la MAP65. 5. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à l’implication de la voie de sécrétion dans le mécanisme d’adressage de la MP aux pd. Il apparaît que l’adressage de la MP aux pd est indépendant du système de sécrétion qui serait plutôt impliqué dans la formation des corps d’inclusion servant à la réplication viraleThe RNA genome of Tobacco mosaic virus encodes four proteins of which one is the movement protein (MP). MP accumulates with plasmodesmata (pd), with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubules (MT). In this manuscript we therefore focused on the following aspects: 1. Characterisation of the association of MP with MTs. We demonstrate that MP is recruited to MTs by a lateral anchoring mechanism in a multimeric state. We show that MT-associated MP protects MTs in vivo against destabilizing agents but, binding of MP to mitotic MTs does not affect mitosis. Our analysis of the in vitro and in vivo interactions between MP and the MT-EndBinding protein1 show that MP alters EB1 localisation and dynamics. We also demonstrate that MP interacts with proteins from the MTs nucleation complex. 2. Analysis of MP transport to pd. We investigated whether Pd-targeting of MP involves the secretory pathway and demonstrate, that the targeting of MP to pd is independent of a functional secretory pathway
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Sanz, Garcia Eduardo. "Strategies to Resolve the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Genome of Small Single-Stranded Icosahedral Viruses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2429.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is the three-dimensional structural characterization of the genome packaging inside viral capsids via cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The genome of some single-stranded viruses can be densely packaged within their capsid shells. Several stretches of the genome are known to adopt stable secondary structures, however, to date, little is known about the three-dimensional organization of the genome inside their capsid shells. Two techniques have been developed to facilitate the structural elucidation of genome packaging: the asymmetric random-model method, and the symmetry-mismatch, random model method. Both techniques were successfully tested with model and experimental data. The new algorithms were applied to study the genome structure of poliovirus and satellite tobacco mosaic virus. We have not yet found a consistent structure for the two genomes. Nevertheless, we have found that the genome of satellite tobacco mosaic genome is very stable, supporting a model where the RNA acts as a scaffold, with potential implications in capsid stability and assembly.
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Boutant, Emmanuel Heinlein Manfred Ritzenthaler Christophe. "Caractérisation des interactions entre la protéine de mouvement (MP) du Tobacco mosaic virus et le cytosquelette microtubulaire et étude du mécanisme de transport de la MP aux plasmodesmes." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000878.
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Eddo, Alexander. "Characterization of the Pathway Leading to the Synthesis of Salicylic Acid in Plants Resisting Pathogen Infection." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1958.
Full textAbstract:
Salicylic acid is a plant hormone that accumulates with plant-pathogen interaction. This accumulation corresponds to the plant being resistant to infection and without it the plant is susceptible. In this study, primers of genes involved in the normal synthesis of SA were used in RT-PCR to compare gene expression levels in susceptible and resistant plants challenged with tobacco mosaic virus. Because SA synthesis shares chorismate as a common substrate with the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, HPLC was used to determine whether the increase in SA could be attributed to a decrease in amino acid levels. The results suggest that genes of the shikimate pathway are up-regulated in both plant lines but much more quickly in the resistant plant, making differential gene expression a possible cause of SA accumulation. Additionally, results showed a more pronounced decrease in amino acid levels in resistant plants compared to susceptible plants.
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Lee, Karin L. "High Aspect Ratio Viral Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467714833.
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Tonucci, Nivea Maria. "Efeito de extratos aquosos do basidiocarpo e micélio de Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) sobre Colletotrichum sublineolum, Alternaria solani, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae e Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-06122004-105027/.
Full textAbstract:
Lentinula edodes é um cogumelo comestível que possui qualidades nutricionais, terapêuticas e medicinais. Além disso, muitos estudos na área médica têm comprovado que o cogumelo possui efeito antibiótico sobre microrganismos patogênicos ao homem. Na área agrícola, alguns trabalhos realizados com o cogumelo demonstraram possíveis efeitos no controle de fitopatógenos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar a produção de substâncias antimicrobianas por L. edodes ativas sobre Colletotrichum sublineolum, agente causal da antracnose em sorgo, Alternaria solani, responsável pela pinta preta do tomateiro, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, agente causal da mancha bacteriana em maracujazeiro e Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), causador de mosaico foliar em fumo. Para os testes com C. sublineolum e A. solani foram utilizados extratos aquosos de L. edodes, obtidos a partir de basidiocarpos desidratados em pó, dos isolados LE JAB-K, LE 96/22, LE 96/17 e LE 95/01. Os resultados evidenciaram que o extrato aquoso de basidiocarpos do isolado LE 96/22 inibiu o crescimento micelial in vitro e a formação de apressórios por C. sublineolum. Já os extratos dos isolados LE JAB-K e LE 95/01 apresentaram efeito inibitório na germinação de conídios e na formação de apressórios do patógeno. Em contrapartida, os extratos aquosos de basidiocarpos dos diferentes isolados de L. edodes não apresentaram efeito inibitório na germinação dos conídios e no crescimento micelial de A. solani. Por sua vez, os extratos aquosos de basidiocarpos a 20% (v/v) e o filtrado do crescimento micelial de L. edodes, misturados à suspensão de X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, exibiram redução na multiplicação bacteriana. Todos os extratos aquosos de basidiocarpos dos diferentes isolados testados na multiplicação da bactéria mostraram-se termolábeis, quando autoclavados a 121 °C por 20 min. Em experimentos com plantas de fumo, os extratos aquosos de basidiocarpos dos isolados LE 96/17 e LE 96/22 adicionados à suspensão contendo partículas do TMV reduziram significativamente a ocorrência de lesões locais nas folhas. O extrato aquoso do isolado LE 96/22 apresentou compostos antivirais de natureza termoestável. Finalmente, o extrato aquoso de basidiocarpos do isolado LE 96/22, o qual apresentou a maior atividade antimicrobiana, foi purificado parcialmente por cromatografia de troca aniônica (CTA). O pico V apresentou efeito inibitório no crescimento micelial de C. sublineolum. Por sua vez, a multiplicação de X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae foi inibida pelos picos IV, V e VII. Já os picos I, II e III, obtidos em CTA por gradiente linear de NaCl e o pico I obtido em CTA pelo método step wise, reduziram significativamente a infectividade do TMV em plantas de fumo. Com base nesses resultados, evidencia-se a ação de preparações de L. edodes sobre fitopatógenos, o que demonstra o uso potencial do mesmo no controle de agentes causais de doenças infecciosas em plantas.Lentinula edodes is an edible mushroom that has nutritious, therapeutical and medicinal qualities. Moreover, many studies in the medical area have shown that the mushroom exhibits antibiotic effects on pathogenic microorganism to the man. In the agricultural area, work carried out with the mushroom has demonstrated its possible effects to control phytopathogens. The objective of the present work was to demonstrate the productionof antimicrobial substances of L. edodes active on Colletotrichum sublineolum, causal agent of anthracnose in sorghum, Alternaria solani, responsible for the black spot of the tomato plants, X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, causal agent of the bacterial spot in passion fruit plants and on Tobacco mosaic virus, causal agent of the mosaic in tobacco plants. For the test with C. sublineolum and A. solani aqueous extracts were obtained from dehydrated fruiting bodies from the shiitake isolates LE JAB-K, LE 96/22, LE 96/17 and LE 95/01. The results showed that the fruiting body aqueous extract from isolate LE 96/22 inhibited micelial growth and appressorium formation by C. sublineolum. The aqueous extracts of isolates LE JAB-K and LE 95/01 exhibited inhibitory effect on conidium germination and on formation of appressorium by the patogen. On the other hand, the extracts of the different isolates of L. edodes did not exhibit inhibitory effect on conidium germination and micelial growth of A. solani. The aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies at 20% (v/v) concentration and filtrate of the micelial growth of L. edodes, when mixed to the suspension of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, exhibited decreased on bacterial multiplication. All the aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies tested from the different isolates in the bacterial multiplication were thermobile, when heated at 121 °C for 20 min. In experiments with tobacco plants, the aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies of isolates LE 96/17 and LE 96/22 when added to the suspension of TMV reduced the amount of local lesions on the leaves. When the aqueous extracts of LE 96/22 were heated the antiviral nature was not lost. Finally, the aqueous extract of fruiting bodies from isolate LE 96/22 that presented major antimicrobial activity was partially purified by anion exchange chromatography (AEC). The peak V exhibited inhibitory effect on micelial growth of C. sublineolum. Multiplication of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae was inhibited by peaks IV, V and VII. Regarding TMV infectivity, peaks I, II and III, obtained in CTA through linear gradient of NaCl, and peak I also obtained through CTA by the method "step wise", significantly reduced virus infectivity in tobacco plants. Based upon these results, it is shown that preparations of L. edodes can interfere whith phytopathogen multiplication, demonstrating its potential to control plant diseases.
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Hofmann, Christina Heinlein Manfred. "Analysis of the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the cell-to-cell transport of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and of the secretory pathway in the targeting of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) movement protein to plasmodesmata." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000847.
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Parsons, Stephen H. "Comparing orchid transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941350.
Full textAbstract:
The Wheeler Orchid Collection is home to some of the most endangered species of orchids in the world. This fantastic reservoir of endangered species has been enhanced and broadened by its function as a plant rescue station for the U.S. customs service. Unfortunately, this responsibility increases the risk of bringing orchids, which harbor contageous diseases, into the greenhouse where sap transmitted diseases such as the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), can run rampant. Although manipulation of orchid characteristics is typically done by classical plant breeding techniques, genetic engineering is emerging as a useful technique for the introduction of desirable traits into the orchid genome. Through the use of genetic engineering techniques it may be possible to mitigate the symptoms associated with this destructive virus. Virus resistance may be achieved through the expression of either the sense or antisense viral coat protein gene in orchid tissues if an efficient means of orchid transformation is developed. In this research two transformation protocols were examined for their ability to efficiently transform orchid tissue. The first transformation protocol explored utilized the native ability of Aq bacterium tumefaciens to incorporate DNA into host plants to achieve transformation. The second mechanism explored was particle bombardment transformation.Many strains of A. tumefaciens were employed using direct exposure of Cattleya_ orchid protocorm and callus tissue. Particle bombardment using DNA coated 0.5 um diameter tungsten particles and high pressure helium tank acceleration was employed. The particle bombardment procedure employed the pG35barB plasmid which confers herbicide resistance to the herbicide basta when integrated and expressed in plant tissues.GUS fluorescence assays and PCR analysis indicate that T-DNA is present in orchid tissues, while Southern blot analysis was unable to display that integration had occurred. Particle bombardment yielded herbicide resistant orchid tissues which have yet to be analyzed by Southern blot analysis to confirm integration due to limited tissue quantities.Department of Biology
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Hutchinson, Chad M. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of orchid tissue with the sense and antisense coat protein genes from the odontoglossum ringspot virus." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834608.
Full textAbstract:
This research was an attempt to use a dicot transformation vector to transform a monocot. The initial purpose of this thesis was to transform orchids with the sense and antisense coat protein genes from the Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) in an effort to mitigate viral symptoms in transgenic plants using the transformation vector, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, it soon became apparent that much time would be needed to develop a transformation protocol. The transformation vectors used included the Agrobacterium tumefaciens disarmed strain LBA4404 with the binary plasmid pB1121, the disarmed strain At699 with the binary plasmid pCNL65, and the wild-type strain Chry5. The marker gene on the binary plasmids of both disarmed strains was p-glucuronidase (GUS).Several transformation protocols were used in an effort to determine if this transformation system would work on orchids. Transformation was not achieved even though a number of experimental conditions were varied. These included using two different types of orchid tissue, callus and protocorms; using two different species of orchids, Cattleya Chocolate Drop x Cattleytonia Kieth Roth and Cymbidium maudidum; varying the time the plant tissue was exposed to the bacteria from 1 hour to 96 hours; performing experiments with and without the wound signal molecule acetosyringone; and exposing the tissue to the virulent strains of A. tumefaciens mentioned previously.This research also developed GUS assay conditions necessary to decrease the number of false positives due to bacterial contamination. These conditions included chloramphenicol in the GUS assay buffer.Department of Biology
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Hofmann, Christina. "Analysis of the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the cell-to-cell transport of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and of the secretory pathway in the targeting of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) movement protein to plasmodesmata." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/HOFMANN_Christina_2007.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Les virus des plante codent pour des protéines de mouvement (MP) qui interagissent avec les plasmodesmes (Pd), pores localisés dans les parois des cellules végétales. Alors que la MP du Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) forme un complexe ribonucléoprotéique, la MP Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) forme des tubules qui permettent le passage des virions. Ces études portent sur l’analyse de l’interaction de la MP du TMV avec la cytosquelette d’actine et l’adressage de la MP du GFLV aux Pd. Dans le premier chapitre, nous démontrons que la MP du TMV se localise à proximité des filaments d’actine. Cependant, ils ne sont pas indispensables au mouvement virale. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la MP de GFLV et démontre que la MP interagit avec elle-même et que les sous-unités sont incorporées à la base des tubules. En outre, la localisation Pd de la MP n’est pas directement dépendante d’un système sécrétoire fonctionnel, la MP n’est pas une protéine cargo, mais nécessite un facteur additionnel.
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Peiró, Morell Ana. "Proteínas de movimiento de la familia 30K:interacción con membranas biológicas y factores proteicos y su implicación en el transporte viral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48471.
Full textAbstract:
Para que el proceso infeccioso de un virus de plantas tenga éxito la progenie
viral tiene que propagarse desde las primeras células infectadas al resto de la planta;
inicialmente se moverá célula a célula a través de los plasmodesmos (PDs) hasta
alcanzar el sistema vascular, lo cual le permitirá invadir las partes distales de la planta.
En este proceso, las proteínas de movimiento (MPs), junto con la colaboración de otros
actores secundarios, desempeñan un papel relevante. El conocimiento de la posible
asociación de las MPs con estructuras u orgánulos celulares así como de la interacción
con factores del huésped es de vital importancia para poder desarrollar estrategias
antivirales que permitan una mejora en la producción de los cultivos. Además, este tipo
de estudios no sólo han posibilitado un mayor conocimiento de las respuestas al estrés
en plantas sino que han sido pioneros en desentrañar los mecanismos de translocación
intercelular de factores celulares implicados en los procesos de desarrollo de las
plantas.
Las MPs virales se clasifican en familias/grupos en función de su grado de
similitud. Los virus, cuyas MPs pertenecen a la Superfamilia 30K, expresan una única MP
encargada de orquestar el movimiento intra- e intercelular de genoma viral. En el
Capítulo 1 de la presente Tesis se ha caracterizado la asociación de la MP del Virus del
mosaico del tabaco (TMV), miembro tipo de la familia 30K, al sistema de
endomembranas. Mediante el uso de aproximaciones in vivo se ha estudiado la
eficiencia de inserción de sus regiones hidrofóbicas (HRs) en la membrana del retículo
endoplasmático (ER). Nuestros resultados demuestran que ninguna de las dos HRs de la
MP es capaz de atravesar las membranas biológicas y que la alteración de la
hidrofobicidad de la primera HR es suficiente para modificar su asociación a la
membrana. En base a los resultados obtenidos, proponemos un modelo topológico en
el cual la MP del TMV se encontraría fuertemente asociada a la cara citosólica de la
membrana del ER, sin llegar a atravesarla. La observación de que i), el modelo
propuesto es compatible con otros motivos, previamente caracterizados, de la MP de
TMV y ii), concuerda con la topología descrita para otras MPs de la familia 30K, permite
cuestionar el modelo establecido desde el año 2000 para la MP de TMV así como
predecir, en base a la conservada estructura secundaria de las MPs de esta familia, una
topología similar para todos sus componentes.
Para el transporte intercelular de los virus de plantas se han descrito tres
modelos en base a la capacidad de transportar complejos ribonucloeprotéicos, a través
de PD modificados, formados por el RNA viral y la MP (ej. MP de TMV) más la proteína
de cubierta (ej. MP del virus del mosaico del pepino, CMV) o la capacidad de transportar
viriones a través estructuras tubulares formadas por la MP (ej. MP del Virus del mosaico
del caupí, CPMV). A pesar de las diferencias observadas entre los tres modelos, las MPs
representativas de cada uno de ellos pertenecen a la misma familia 30K y son
funcionalmente intercambiables (MPs de TMV, CMV, CPMV, Virus del mosaico del
Bromo -BMV- o Virus de los anillos necróticos de los prunus -PNRSV-) por la MP del Virus
del mosaico de la alfalfa (AMV), para el transporte a corta distancia. Con el objeto de
comprender la versatilidad que presentan las MPs en cuanto al movimiento viral,
hemos analizado la capacidad de estas MPs heterólogas de transportar sistémicamente
el genoma quimérico del AMV. El estudio ha revelado que todas las MPs analizadas
permiten el transporte del genoma quimera a las partes distales de la planta,
independientemente del modelo descrito para el transporte a corta distancia, aunque
requieren la extensión de los 44 aminoácidos C-terminales de la MP del AMV. Además,
para todas las ellas, excepto para la MP del TMV, se ha establecido una relación entre la
capacidad de movimiento local y la presencia del virus en las hojas no inoculadas de la
planta, indicando la existencia de un umbral de transporte célula a célula, por debajo
del cual, el virus es incapaz de invadir sistémicamente la planta.
Durante el proceso de infección viral, las MPs interaccionan tanto con otras
proteínas de origen viral como de la planta huésped. La interacción entre las MPs y
dichos factores de la planta afectan a la patogénesis viral, facilitando u obstaculizando
el movimiento intra- o intercelular del virus. En el Capítulo 3 del presente trabajo hemos
demostrado la interacción entre la MP del AMV y dos miembros de la familia de
Patellinas de arabidopsis, Patellin 3 (atPATL3) y Patellin 6 (atPATL6), mediante el
sistema de los dos híbridos de levadura y ensayos de reconstitución bimolecular de la
fluorescencia. Nuestros resultados, en general, demuestran que la interacción entre la
MP-PATLs obstaculizaría un correcto direccionamiento de la MP al PD, dando lugar a un
movimiento intracelular menos eficiente de los complejos virales, que forma la MP, y
disminuyendo el movimiento célula a célula del virus. Podríamos estar hablando de un
posible mecanismo de defensa de la planta, dirigido a evitar la invasión sistémica del
huésped. En este sentido, las MPs virales pueden ser buenos candidatos para el
desarrollo de estrategias antivirales dado que cualquier respuesta de defensa de la
planta que, a priori, reduzca el transporte célula a célula del virus, puede representar la
diferencia entre una infección local o sistémica, como hemos observado en el Capítulo 2
del presente trabajo. Los virus, a su vez, también son capaces de evolucionar hacia
variantes más eficaces, que permitan superar las diferentes barreras defensivas de la
planta huésped. En este contexto hemos identificado a la MP del Virus del bronceado
del tomate (TSWV) como determinante de avirulencia en la resistencia mediada por el
gen Sw-5. Del mismo modo, comprobamos que el cambio de 1-2 residuos de amino
ácidos de la MP de TSWV fue suficiente para superar la resistencia pero que a la vez, y
posiblemente debido a las altas restricciones que conlleva el reducido genoma de un
virus, afectaron a la eficiencia de la MP.Peiró Morell, A. (2014). Proteínas de movimiento de la familia 30K:interacción con membranas biológicas y factores proteicos y su implicación en el transporte viral [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48471
TESIS
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Dekker, Elise. "Utilisation des anticorps monoclonaux pour l'etude de quelques tobamovirus et geminivirus." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13143.
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Gossett, John Jared. "Analysis of macromolecular structure through experiment and computation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51925.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis covers a wide variety of projects within the domain of computational structural biology. Structural biology is concerned with the molecular structure of proteins and nucleic acids, and the relationship between structure and biological function. We used molecular modeling and simulation, a purely computational approach, to study DNA-linked molecular nanowires. We developed a computational tool that allows potential designs to be screened for viability, and then we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to test their stability. As an example of using molecular modeling to create experimentally testable hypotheses, we were able to suggest a new design based on pyrrylene vinylene monomers. In another project, we combined experiments and molecular modeling to gain insight into factors that influence the kinetic binding dynamics of fibrin "knob" peptides and complementary "holes." Molecular dynamics simulations provided helpful information about potential peptide structural conformations and intrachain interactions that may influence binding properties. The remaining projects discussed in this thesis all deal with RNA structure. The underlying approach for these studies is a recently developed chemical probing technology called 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE). One study focuses on ribosomal RNA, specifically the 23S rRNA from T. thermophilus. We used SHAPE experiments to show that Domain III of the T. thermophilus 23S rRNA is an independently folding domain. This first required the development of our own data processing program for generating quantitative and interpretable data from our SHAPE experiments, due to limitations of existing programs and modifications to the experimental protocol. In another study, we used SHAPE chemistry to study the in vitro transcript of the RNA genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV). This involved incorporating the SHAPE data into a secondary structure prediction program. The SHAPE-directed secondary structure of the STMV RNA was highly extended and considerably different from that proposed for the RNA in the intact virion. Finally, analyzing SHAPE data requires navigating a complex data processing pipeline. We review some of the various ways of running a SHAPE experiment, and how this affects the approach to data analysis.