Academic literature on the topic 'Tobacco industry Government policy Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tobacco industry Government policy Australia"
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Moodie, Crawford, Janet Hoek, David Hammond, Karine Gallopel-Morvan, Diego Sendoya, Laura Rosen, Burcu Mucan Özcan, and Yvette van der Eijk. "Plain tobacco packaging: progress, challenges, learning and opportunities." Tobacco Control 31, no. 2 (March 2022): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056559.
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The aim of this paper is to overview progress made with respect to the adoption of plain (or standardised) packaging, key challenges faced, evaluative evidence and opportunities for extending this policy. It has been a decade since Australia became the first country to require tobacco products to be sold in plain packaging; after slow initial uptake, 16 countries have now fully implemented this policy. Since 2020, plain packaging laws have become more comprehensive in some countries, expanding coverage beyond traditional tobacco products to include heated tobacco, tobacco accessories (rolling papers) and other nicotine-containing products (e-cigarettes). Laws have also become more innovative: some now ban non-biodegradable filters, include provision for a periodic change of the pack colour or require both plain packaging and health-promoting pack inserts. The tobacco industry has and will continue to use multi-jurisdictional strategies to oppose this policy. Evaluations suggest that plain packaging has improved health outcomes and has not burdened retailers, although research is limited to early policy adopters and important gaps in the literature remain. While the power of packaging as a sales tool has diminished in markets with plain packaging, tobacco companies have exploited loopholes to continue to promote their products and have increasingly focused on filter innovations. Opportunities exist for governments to strengthen plain packaging laws.
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Kelsey, Jane. "Regulatory Chill: Learnings From New Zealand’s Plain Packaging Tobacco Law." QUT Law Review 17, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v17i2.701.
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Australia’s precedent-setting Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) took two and a half years from its public announcement to come into force. The fact that New Zealand’s almost identical legislation was still not in force six years after it was first mooted suggests it was subject to regulatory chill through both specific threats and systemic influences within the policy making process. This article examines the hypothesis that three elements associated with New Zealand’s free trade and investment treaties combined to chill a National government that was already luke-warm on a plain packaging law: perceived risks from litigation; associated arguments pressed by politically influential industry lobbyists; and the bias in the regulatory management regime that favours minimal intervention and empowers the tobacco industry, consistent with contemporary trade agreements. It concludes that these mutually reinforcing factors delayed the passage of New Zealand’s legislation, but did not see it abandoned. This suggests that health policies supported by public opinion, international health obligations, and precedents from other countries can withstand regulatory chill. But the difference from Australia also highlights the need to pay more attention to ways of neutralising those factors if a Smokefree Aotearoa New Zealand, and similarly ground-breaking public health policies, are to be achieved.
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Lee, Alvin, and Claire Lambert. "Corporate Social Responsibility in McDonald’s Australia." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 393–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500146.
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This case focuses on marketing public policy and legislation issues in the business environment. The Commonwealth Government of Australia wants to impose mandatory warning labels for fast-food served by quick-service chainrestaurants like McDonald’s. These warnings are to appear on fast-food packaging to warn diners of the possible harms arising from consuming fast-food. This is similar to the warnings that are used in Australia on tobacco product packages. This highlights a turning point where legislators appear to be heeding calls of vocal pressure groups to curb and legislate the industry’s activities. The loudest calls have appeared in well-publicized legal cases and film documentaries like Super-Size Me. McDonald’s has been well-aware of these challenges. The company continues to respond and fight legal challenges on these points. As a result, the company has improved its supply chain, employees’ work-conditions, their treatment of animals, their stores, food and customer service to offer leaner, healthier and more upmarket products. The few vocal critics who have secured media coverage seem to rely on sensationalizing the issue — e.g., eating McDonald’s for 30 days makes you fat. They seem to ignore the results from other experiments where people who ate suitable portions of McDonald’s food for the same 30 day period actually lost weight. Other challenges that have been found to be lies in courts of law include allegations of animal cruelty, unsafe food and food that makes people obese. Yet the public continue to believe these allegations. Can the industry do more, or do something different, to change people’s minds?
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McCausland, Kahlia, Bruce Maycock, Tama Leaver, Katharina Wolf, Becky Freeman, and Jonine Jancey. "E-Cigarette Advocates on Twitter: Content Analysis of Vaping-Related Tweets." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): e17543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17543.
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Background As the majority of Twitter content is publicly available, the platform has become a rich data source for public health surveillance, providing insights into emergent phenomena, such as vaping. Although there is a growing body of literature that has examined the content of vaping-related tweets, less is known about the people who generate and disseminate these messages and the role of e-cigarette advocates in the promotion of these devices. Objective This study aimed to identify key conversation trends and patterns over time, and discern the core voices, message frames, and sentiment surrounding e-cigarette discussions on Twitter. Methods A random sample of data were collected from Australian Twitter users who referenced at least one of 15 identified e-cigarette related keywords during 2012, 2014, 2016, or 2018. Data collection was facilitated by TrISMA (Tracking Infrastructure for Social Media Analysis) and analyzed by content analysis. Results A sample of 4432 vaping-related tweets posted and retweeted by Australian users was analyzed. Positive sentiment (3754/4432, 84.70%) dominated the discourse surrounding e-cigarettes, and vape retailers and manufacturers (1161/4432, 26.20%), the general public (1079/4432, 24.35%), and e-cigarette advocates (1038/4432, 23.42%) were the most prominent posters. Several tactics were used by e-cigarette advocates to communicate their beliefs, including attempts to frame e-cigarettes as safer than traditional cigarettes, imply that federal government agencies lack sufficient competence or evidence for the policies they endorse about vaping, and denounce as propaganda “gateway” claims of youth progressing from e-cigarettes to combustible tobacco. Some of the most common themes presented in tweets were advertising or promoting e-cigarette products (2040/4432, 46.03%), promoting e-cigarette use or intent to use (970/4432, 21.89%), and discussing the potential of e-cigarettes to be used as a smoking cessation aid or tobacco alternative (716/4432, 16.16%), as well as the perceived health and safety benefits and consequences of e-cigarette use (681/4432, 15.37%). Conclusions Australian Twitter content does not reflect the country’s current regulatory approach to e-cigarettes. Rather, the conversation on Twitter generally encourages e-cigarette use, promotes vaping as a socially acceptable practice, discredits scientific evidence of health risks, and rallies around the idea that e-cigarettes should largely be outside the bounds of health policy. The one-sided nature of the discussion is concerning, as is the lack of disclosure and transparency, especially among vaping enthusiasts who dominate the majority of e-cigarette discussions on Twitter, where it is unclear if comments are endorsed, sanctioned, or even supported by the industry.
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Hiscock, Rosemary, J. Robert Branston, Ann McNeill, Sara C. Hitchman, Timea R. Partos, and Anna B. Gilmore. "Tobacco industry strategies undermine government tax policy: evidence from commercial data." Tobacco Control 27, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053891.
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ObjectiveTaxation equitably reduces smoking, the leading cause of health inequalities. The tobacco industry (TI) can, however, undermine the public health gains realised from tobacco taxation through its pricing strategies. This study aims to examine contemporary TI pricing strategies in the UK and implications for tobacco tax policy.DesignReview of commercial literature and longitudinal analysis of tobacco sales and price data.SettingA high-income country with comprehensive tobacco control policies and high tobacco taxes (UK).Participants2009 to 2015 Nielsen Scantrak electronic point of sale systems data.Main outcome measuresTobacco segmentation; monthly prices, sales volumes of and net revenue from roll-your-own (RYO) and factory-made (FM) cigarettes by segment; use of price-marking and pack sizes.ResultsThe literature review and sales data concurred that both RYO and FM cigarettes were segmented by price. Despite regular tax increases, average real prices for the cheapest FM and RYO segments remained steady from 2013 while volumes grew. Low prices were maintained through reductions in the size of packs and price-marking. Each year, at the point the budget is implemented, the TI drops its revenue by up to 18 pence per pack, absorbing the tax increases (undershifting). Undershifting is most marked for the cheapest segments.ConclusionsThe TI currently uses a variety of strategies to keep tobacco cheap. The implementation of standardised packaging will prevent small pack sizes and price-marking but further changes in tax policy are needed to minimise the TI’s attempts to prevent sudden price increases.
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Jarman, Holly. "Attack on Australia: Tobacco industry challenges to plain packaging." Journal of Public Health Policy 34, no. 3 (June 6, 2013): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2013.18.
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Lauchs, Mark, and Rebecca Keane. "An analysis of the Australian illicit tobacco market." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2015-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the illicit tobacco market in Australia. It attempts to build a picture of the sources of demand, size of the market and methods of supply. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on collation of disparate government reports, industry research, media and court documents. It is a preliminary paper in the absence of better source data. Findings The market is driven by the extremely high tax on tobacco in Australia. Australia’s geography emphasises on large shipments from overseas rather than small-scale smuggling. The likely market is for migrant communities with much higher smoker rates than in the mainstream community. Research limitations/implications It is not yet possible to conduct a well-focused research because of limited official documentation. Practical implications Few government agencies focus on tobacco smuggling, and there are no publications providing a strategic picture of the illicit market. This paper fills this gap by collating multiple sources to produce a market profile. Social implications The Australian Government loses $1bn per year in tobacco tax because of smuggling. The illicit supply also means that the social goal of the tax, namely, dissuading tobacco consumption, is undermined. Originality/value There are no academic or government publications describing the Australian illicit tobacco market. The only publications are based on research funded by the tobacco industry, which has a vested interest in overstating the size of the illicit market.
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Hunter, Mary Ann. "Redefining ‘Industry’: Young People and Cultural Policy in Australia." Media International Australia 90, no. 1 (February 1999): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000113.
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This article considers the place of youth arts and cultures in the cultural industries approach to cultural policy. It argues that the ‘covert economic overlay’ (Brokensha, 1996: 101) of the Australian National Culture–Leisure Industry Statistical Framework privileges certain processes in a ‘government convenient’ model of industry inputs and outcomes, and that the assumptions of this model are challenged by youth-specific and community-based modes of production. Furthermore, it argues that the philosophies and practices of contemporary youth-specific arts organisations have the potential to redefine ‘culture industry’ and contribute to a ‘coherent new paradigm’ of cultural policy (UNESCO, 1995: 232). This paper makes these arguments by examining the place of youth arts and cultures in the existing environment of cultural industrialisation, by considering recent government policy responses to young people's cultural activity and by addressing long-term policy issues for the support of young people and cultural development.
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Baggott, Rob. "Government — Industry Relations in Britain: the regulation of the tobacco industry." Policy & Politics 15, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557387782455182.
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Caroine, Norma. "The Koreanization of the Australian Sex Industry: A Policy and Legislative Challenge." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26302.
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South Korea enacted Legislation in 2004 that penalizes pimps, traffickers, and sex industry customers while decriminalizing people in prostitution and offering assistance to leave the sex industry. In contrast, Australia Legally recognizes most sex industry activities. This article argues that Australia`s Laissezfaire approach to the sex industry hampers South Korean government efforts to prevent the crime of sex trafficking. Since 2004, pimps and traffickers have moved their activities from South Korea to countries like Australia and the US that maintain relatively hospitable operating environments for the sex industry. The Australian government should reconsider its approach to prostitution on the basis of its diplomatic obligations to countries Like South Korea and the need to uphold the human rights of women in Asia who are being trafficked and murdered as a result of sexual demand emanating from Australia. Australia should coordinate its policy on prostitution with South Korea to strengthen the region`s transnational anti-trafficking response.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tobacco industry Government policy Australia"
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Edwards, Jesse. "Our Government is Perpetuating the Tobacco Crisis: An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Tobacco Industry and the Government." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1287.
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The following paper explores the relationship between the tobacco industry and the United States government. Through an extensive literature review, I conclude that the government is perpetuating the tobacco crisis in the United States by aligning their policymaking actions with the interests of the industry in exchange for receiving campaign support. I find that the primary method of support the industry provides is through monetary contributions, essentially bribing legislators to assist them on tobacco control regulations. I argue that this mode of persuasion is most effective because the tobacco industry is appealing to the egos of the legislators by bolstering their finances which in turn greatly enables them to sustain their power in office. For future research, I recommend analyzing this relationship regarding the rising trend of e-cigarettes and vaping, especially among adolescents.
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Lee, Oi-man Grace, and 李藹雯. "Government, pressure groups and the tobacco industry: a study of the politics of the public health policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975951.
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Wilson, Ryan Leslie. "Control measures in South Africa surrounding the tobacco and alcoholic beverage industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/22017.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The tobacco industry of South Africa has fallen under strict legislation and control measures from the South African government since the passing of the initial Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993. Further amendments have been made to the initial act, namely Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act, 1999 and the proposed Tobacco Products Control Amendment Bill, 2004. This assignment emerges against the backdrop of the alcoholic beverage industry coming under similar scrutiny to that of the tobacco industry from government legislation and control measures The main objective of this assignment was to discover the similarities, if any, between the tobacco industry and the alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa, specifically with regard to their advertising practices before legislation. The purpose of this assignment is to discover whether or not the alcoholic beverage industry can learn from the example of the tobacco industry in order to maintain its self-regulation, rather than to fall under the control of State regulation and legislation. The literature and empirical study sought to achieve the following four objectives: 1.) To gain a thorough understanding of the tobacco legislation on a global scale; 2.) To analyse the control measures and legislation of tobacco in a South African context; 3.) To identify any similarities between the tobacco industry and alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa and 4.) To identify means in which the alcoholic beverage industry can work with the State in order to maintain the self-regulation of its industry. Findings indicate that similarities arise when comparing tobacco and alcohol, as both of them have addictive qualities, are often used from a very young age and both have laws prohibiting sale to minors. The success gained in South Africa with regard to anti-tobacco initiatives and government legislation since the introduction of the first Tobacco Act in 1993, has led to certain members of society feeling that similar, if not the same, strict strategies and / or legislative measures should be used to address the public health problems relating to alcohol.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse tabaknywerheid val onder streng wetgewing en beheermaatreëls deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering sedert die aanvanklike Wet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1993 aanvaar is. Verdere wysigings op die aanvanklike wet is aanvaar, naamlik die Wysigingswet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1999 en die voorgestelde Wysigingswetsontwerp op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 2004. Hierdie werk spruit voort teen die agtergrond van die alkoholdranknywerheid wat onder 'n soortgelyke soeklig geplaas is as die tabaknywerheid by wyse van regeringswetgewing en beheermaatreëls. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie werk was om die ooreenkomste, indien enige, vas te stel tussen die tabaknywerheid en die alkoholdranknywerheid van Suid-Afrika, spesifiek met betrekking tot hul adverteringspraktyke vóór wetgewing. Die doel van hierdie werk was om vas te stel of die alkoholdranknywerheid uit die voorbeeld van die tabaknywerheid kan leer aldan nie, met die oog op die voortsetting van sy selfbeheer, eerder as om onder die beheer van Staatsregulering en wetgewing te val. Die bronmateriaal en empiriese studie was daarop toegespits om die volgende vier doelwitte te bereik: 1.) Om 'n behoorlike begrip te verkry van tabakwetgewing op 'n globale skaal; 2.) Om die beheermaatreëls en wetgewing oor tabak in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te analiseer; 3.) Om enige ooreenkomste tussen die tabak- en die alkoholdranknywerheid in Suid-Afrika te identifiseer en 4.) Om wyses te identifiseer waardeur die alkoholdranknywerheid met die Staat kan saamwerk om die selfbeheer van die nywerheid te behou. Bevindinge dui aan dat ooreenkomste wel ontstaan wanneer tabak en alkohol met mekaar vergelyk word, veral omdat albei verslawende eienskappe bevat, dikwels deur persone vanaf 'n baie jong ouderdom gebruik word en dat wetgewing albei verbied om aan minderjariges verkoop te word. Die sukses wat in Suid-Afrika rakende anti-tabakinisiatiewe en wetgewing behaal is sedert die inwerkingstelling van die eerste Wet op die Beheer van Tabak in 1993 het daartoe gelei dat sekere lede van die gemeenskap van mening is dat soortgelyke, indien nie dieselfde nie, streng strategieë en/of wetgewende maatreëls aangewend behoort te word om die openbare gesondheidsprobleme rakende alkohol aan te spreek.
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Keys, Wendy, and n/a. "Grown-Ups In a Grown-Up Business: Children's Television Industry Development Australia." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060928.135325.
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This dissertation profiles the children's television industry in Australia; examines the relationship between government cultural policy objectives and television industry production practices; and explores the complexities of regulating and producing cultural content for child audiences. The research conducted between 1997 and 2002 confirms that children's television is a highly competitive business dependent on government regulatory mechanisms and support for its existence. For example, the Australian Broadcasting Authority's retaining of mandatory program standards for children's programs to date, is evidence of the government's continued recognition of the conflict between broadcasters' commercial imperatives and the public-interest. As a consequence, the industry is on the one hand insistent on the government continuing to play a role in ensuring and sustaining CTV - however, on the other hand, CTV producers resent the restrictions on creativity and innovation they believe result from the use of regulatory instruments such as the Children's Television Standards (CTS). In fact, as this dissertation details, the ABA's intended policy outcomes are inevitably coupled with unintended outcomes and little new or innovative policy development has occurred. The dissertation begins with an investigation into the social, cultural and ideological construction of childhood within an historical and institutional context. I do this in order to explore how children have been defined, constructed and managed as a cultural group and television audience. From this investigation, I then map the development of children television policy and provide examples of how 'the child' is a consistent and controversial site of tension within policy debate. I then introduce and analyse a selection of established, establishing and aspiring CTV production companies and producers. Drawing on interviews conducted, production companies profiled and policy documents analysed, I conclude by identit~'ing ten key issues that have impacted, and continue to impact, on the production of children's television programming in Australia. In addressing issues of industry development, the question this dissertation confronts is not whether to continue to regulate or not, but rather, how best to regulate. That is, it explores the complexities of supporting, sustaining and developing the CTV industry in ways which also allows innovative and creative programming. This exploration is done within the context of a broadcasting industry currently in transition from analogue to digital. As communications and broadcasting technologies converge, instruments of regulation - such as quotas designed around the characteristics of analogue systems of broadcasting - are being compromised. The ways in which children use television, and the ways in which the CTV producers create content, are being transformed. The ten key issues identified in this dissertation, I propose, are crucial to industry development and policy debate about the future of children's television in Australia. In integrating the study of policy with the study of production, I have given prominence to the opinions and experiences of those working in the industry. In doing so, this dissertation contributes to the growing body of work in Australia which incorporates industry with cultural analysis, and which includes the voices of the content providers.
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Enzinger, Sharn Emma 1973. "The economic impact of greenhouse policy upon the Australian electricity industry : an applied general equilibrium analysis." Monash University, Centre of Policy Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8383.
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McLennan, Lesley. "Competition policy and its impact on the performing arts in Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36342/1/36342_McLennan_2000.pdf.
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National Competition Policy as a cornerstone in the commercialisation and
corporatisation of the public services signalled government moving away from an
interventionist position by adopting private enterprise and market driven decision
making as the preferred model. The impact of this movement on the interface
between government and the traditionally subsidised perforrning art..s companies in
Queensland is the subject of this research.
When the public sector begins to imitate the private sector and government departments
call to accountability their agencies, these non-profit service agencies then have a
chameleon like image of public provider in private enterprise clothing. So arts
organisations, statutory authorities, arts service networks take on a new role in response to
the changing guise of the provider.
Selected Queensland performing arts companies were surveyed to investigate key
changes in company administration and policy over the last five years, and to create a
snapshot of contemporary company structures of both subsidised and non-subsidised
companies. Key Queensland arts industry figures were interviewed to further identify
issues regarding subsidy and government interface in an environment of changing
public administration attitudes and foci with particular reference to competition
policy issues.
A synthesis of the research results, literature review and analysis concludes in a table
of comparative subsidy models. The object of this table is to understand how the
structure of subsidy reflects, supports or contradicts the wider policies of current
public administrations.
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McKenzie, Susan M., and n/a. "Canadian and Australian Feature Film Policy in Perspective: A Comparative Study from 1968 to 1998." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040804.142852.
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This comparative study is an investigation into the changing concerns of feature film policy in Canada and Australia from 1968 to 1998. Its purpose is to determine how similar policy initiatives have produced divergent results in two economically, culturally and socially similar nations. The inquiry's aim is to establish what financial, political and geographic variables affect the application of feature film policy. While resemblances between these nations justify the contrasting of comparable feature film policy initiatives, differences in outcomes suggest that these nations are not entirely alike. Therefore, rather than following the leads of comparable national agencies, film policy makers in Canada and Australia need to concentrate on conditions specific to their own particular situation.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Cartwright, Sophie Louise. "Policy, obligation and justice in Australia's tobacco growing industry." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150307.
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This thesis provides an account of the responses of the tobacco growers of Myrtleford to the closure of the domestic tobacco industry, the growth of an illegal tobacco (known as chop-chop) market and the role that regulatory and policy measures have played in the history of the industry. Within the framework of neoliberalism, Individuals are perceived as having the capability and potential to be self-sufficient and 'enterprising' in creating their capital. In the case of Myrtleford tobacco growers, a neoliberal model fails to recognise the extent to which human agency can be constrained by structural forces. Such constraint not only prevented the tobacco growers from becoming economically self-sufficient but also harmed their capacity to rebuild their lives. This thesis brings together sociological and regulatory literatures to examine the history of the regulatory policy arrangements underpinning the domestic tobacco industry. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of field and habitus is applied to frame the research with various theories operating within it. The field of tobacco growing is a complex social environment in which government, the tobacco manufacturers, the anti-tobacco movement and the tobacco growers struggle for resources using different types of capital to maintain their power. The administration, change and removal of regulation and policies reveal transformations and power struggles for different types of capital between actors in the field of the domestic tobacco industry. The thesis employs a narrative approach to demonstrate how regulation and agricultural policy have affected the lives of tobacco growers. The development of the chop-chop market is analysed through the narratives of growers. These narratives show how different market layers are developed that represent different behaviours and relationships between buyers and sellers. Engagement in different layers involved the growers and the broader community in using their social capital and reinventing their habitus in the field of chop-chop tobacco. This model sets up a further analysis using a motivational postures framework to understand why people became active participants in the chop-chop market. An integrative analysis of market response and motivational behaviour of a collective illuminates the processes that lead to the growers' disempowerment, which is often neglected in the development and implementation of regulation and policy programs. It goes beyond formal analyses constrained by what the law says and what economic modeling predicts will occur to reveal the complex problems that arise within communities and how new social arrangements create social distance between a collective and the authorities. The last part of the thesis takes a psycho-social approach to show how collectives manage regulatory and policy changes through focusing on the justice of respect. To demonstrate the potential of a justice of respect framework, a critical evaluation of processes and outcomes of the growers' Co-operative identifies how a culture of disrespect developed that failed growers and further exacerbated the growers' disempowerment. The research concludes by arguing that if those holding economic and political power adopted a justice of respect approach, they might enable collectives to maintain their dignity and resilience in times of policy change, and have a better chance of earning trust and thereby eliciting cooperation in the future.
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Renwick, Neil. "Multinational corporations and Australia : the political economy of corporate-government bargaining relations." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123112.
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This study seeks to identify the nature of the bargaining relationship
between manufacturing multinational corporations and a host government, to
assess the distributive pattern of power and authority in such a relationship
and the independence of government policy-making, and to evaluate the viability
of the modern State in the contemporary international system.
These objectives are pursued through an examination of the Australian
Government's relationship with manufacturing multinationals. Particular
attention is given to the motor vehicles industry.
The study advances the propositions that (1) the balance of bargaining
power between manufacturing multinationals and host governments is to the
advantage of the governments in the initial stages and to the advantage of the
corporations in the mature stages of the relationship (2> the distribution of
power and authority at each stage of the relationship reflects the respective
power bases of the actors, the degree of mutual need and the international
context of the relationship and (3) the viability of the modern State is not
undermined by the operations of manufacturing multinationals.
The research suggests that <1) the manufacturing multinationals have an
initial bargaining advantage over host governments with the latter gaining the
advantage as the relationship matures (2) the weight of the respective power
bases, mutual need and international relations does support these dynamic
bargaining positions and <3) the viability of the modern State is not
compromised by the activities of manufacturing multinationals.
Books on the topic "Tobacco industry Government policy Australia"
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Health, Samoa Ministry of. National tobacco control policy & strategy 2010-2015: Working towards a healthy life for all Samoans. Apia], Samoa: Ministry of Health, 2010.
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Andrew, Cammack, ed. Final report of the Kentucky Tobacco Task Force. Frankfort, Ky: Legislative Research Commission, 1986.
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The politics of tobacco: Policy networks and the cigarette industry. Aldershot: Avebury, 1996.
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Grise, Verner N. The world tobacco market: Government intervention and multilateral policy reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Commodity Economics Division, 1990.
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Glyn, Davis, ed. Public policy in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988.
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Womach, Jasper. The tobacco price support program: Policy issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Major Issues System, 1986.
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Papua New Guinea. Ministry of Health. National tobacco control policy for Papua New Guinea. [Papua New Guinea]: Ministry of Health, 2004.
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Tollison, Robert D. Smoking and the state: Social costs, rent seeking, and public policy. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, 1988.
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Herjuno. Tembakau, negara, dan keserakahan modal asing. Jakarta: Indonesia Berdikari, 2012.
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Simon, Chapman. Tobacco control in the Third World: A resource atlas. Penang, Malaysia: International Organization of Consumer Unions, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tobacco industry Government policy Australia"
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Stevens, Matthew. "Are EGM Policy Changes for Consumer Protection or Generating Greater Tax Revenue for the Government in the Northern Territory, Australia?" In The Global Gambling Industry, 179–97. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35635-4_12.
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Hawkins, Benjamin, and Kathryn Oliver. "Select Committee Governance and the Production of Evidence: The Case of UK E-cigarettes Policy." In Integrating Science and Politics for Public Health, 187–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98985-9_9.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the process of evidence use within the Westminster select committee system and the potential this offers for health-harming industries to influence the evidentiary content of policy debates. It introduces these issues through the example of the regulatory debate on electronic cigarettes and the 2018 Science and Technology enquiry into their regulations. Through this we identify a more general set of issues around the governance of select committees, and their generation and promotion of policy-relevant evidence, which is under-explored in the current research literature. The currently opaque accountability mechanisms create a significant opportunity for well-resourced policy actors, including trans-national corporations, to shape the evidentiary content of policy debates, via committee evidence gathering and synthesis processes and the potentially influential reports generated from this. Studies of the tobacco and other health-harming industries identify a long-standing strategy of seeking to ‘capture’ apparently independent bodies to generate research amenable to their underlying policy objectives. Such outputs are particularly valuable to corporate political actors, as they have the appearance of separation from the industry and enjoy the kudos associated with entities at the heart of the body politic. As such, it raises important questions about the oversight of evidence production by government bodies.
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Cameron, Alicia (Lucy). "National Competition Policy and Broadband Provision in Australia." In Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with Information and Communication Technology, 506–11. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-575-7.ch090.
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National Competition Policy (NCP) implemented in Australia from 1995 has had a profound effect on the mode and level of service delivery in nonmetropolitan regional and rural areas. The implementation of NCP followed the lead of other countries in corporatising, segmenting, and privatising many state and national government services and utilities and promoting open global competition as the framework for service delivery in the future. As government moves out of the role of service provision and into the role of industry regulation, there has been significant jurisdiction shifting in terms of responsibility for services, as well as reduced subsidisation for the cost of service over distance: subsidisation that was previously enabled through government-owned nationwide monopolies. This is more of an issue in Australia than in many other countries due to the large landmass and relatively small but dispersed population. Unlike many other countries, however, Australia has been slow to increase the proportion of overall tax revenue given to local government bodies to ensure regional service delivery or to impose community service obligations (CSOs) at local levels. Confused local bodies have been left to build expensive business plans to attract new services in areas for which they currently have little or no funding, and in which they previously had no responsibility or expertise. Local bodies are currently being requested to aggregate demand across government, private, and residential customer bases. Management of the delivery of broadband services is an example of the confusion faced by regional bodies in Australia in the wake of a recently corporatised government utility and a liberalised telecommunications environment.
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Jerrard, Marjorie A., and Patrick O’Leary. "Union-Avoidance Strategies in the Meat Industry in Australia and the United States." In Frontiers of Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041839.003.0007.
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The meat industries in the United States and in Australia share a number of common features, including similar economic and industrial development, overlapping ownership patterns, the nature of the work, a trend toward relying on a migrant workforce, and similar management union-avoidance strategies. There are industry differences between the two countries due primarily to the unique labor-relations regulatory system in each country. Australian legislation since the mid-1990s has enabled industry employers to follow more closely the pattern of union avoidance established in the United States, but protections are still found in Australian industry awards and the industrial tribunal. Both countries have witnessed a deunionization of the industry at the cost of declines in workers’ wages and conditions, and worker exploitation is increasingly common due to the neoliberal ideology that influences government policy and legislation and encourages employers to individualize the employment relationship.
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Langton, Marcia, Odette Mazel, and Lisa Palmer. "Agreements Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Database." In Information Technology and Indigenous People, 266–71. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-298-5.ch035.
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The Agreements Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) database (www.atns.net.au) is an online gateway and resource that links current information, historical detail and published material relating to agreements made between indigenous peoples and others in Australia and overseas. Designed for use by indigenous and other community organisations, researchers, government and industry bodies, the ATNS database includes information on agreements not only relating to land, but those made in the areas of health, education, research, policy and indigenous relations. Since its public launch in 2003, the database has become an important research facility and is the only resource of its kind in Australia that demonstrates the range and variety of agreement making with indigenous peoples in various jurisdictions.
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Langton, Marcia, Odette Mazel, and Lisa Palmer. "Agreements Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Database." In Database Technologies, 1472–76. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch089.
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The Agreements Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) database (www.atns.net.au) is an online gateway and resource that links current information, historical detail and published material relating to agreements made between indigenous peoples and others in Australia and overseas. Designed for use by indigenous and other community organisations, researchers, government and industry bodies, the ATNS database includes information on agreements not only relating to land, but those made in the areas of health, education, research, policy and indigenous relations. Since its public launch in 2003, the database has become an important research facility and is the only resource of its kind in Australia that demonstrates the range and variety of agreement making with indigenous peoples in various jurisdictions.
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and, Davies. "The commercial drivers of health." In Whose Health Is It, Anyway?, 63–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863458.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how the food, alcohol, and tobacco industries serve as commercial drivers for ill health, and describes examples of legislation aimed at shifting the dial towards better outcomes for all. Companies, especially multinationals, influence our health in a number of ways, ranging from their effect on the physical environment to their influence on government policy and the marketing strategies they use to promote their products in search of profit. The increasing reach and power of multinationals across all industry sectors in recent years has led to an increase in the extent to which they shape our environments and health behaviours, and this relationship is only becoming more intertwined. Alongside governments and multinationals, ‘new power’—the combination of social movements, social media, and purpose—is already re-shaping the world around us, empowering citizens and giving us cause for optimism.
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Cardoso, Edna, Ilda Novo, Nuno Moreira, Pedro Silva, Álvaro Silva, and Vanda Pires. "Clusters analysis applied to drought and forest fires in mainland Portugal (NUT III regions) from 1980 to 2019." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1054–61. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_159.
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The Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS) was launched on 1 September 2022, bringing a generational change to the way that Australia calculates and communicates fire danger. Its focus is improved public safety and reduced impacts of bushfires though: • Improving the science behind fire danger predictions. • Improving the way that fire danger is communicated. • Providing government and industry with better decision-making tools. • Reducing future costs associated with bushfire impacts. The previous fire danger rating system was introduced in the 1960’s by Australia’s first full-time bushfire researcher, Alan McArthur, based on extensive experimental fires. While useful, the system included only two fire behaviour models (dry sclerophyll forest and grassland), was not easily updateable and fires were being experienced that increasingly exceeded its design parameters. In July 2014, Senior Officers and Ministers agreed that the development of a new system was a national priority. The new system was developed by the New South Wales Rural Fire Service in collaboration with the Bureau of Meteorology, all Australian states and territories and the Commonwealth government. Program management and system implementation were coordinated by AFAC (Australia’s National Council for Fire and Emergency Services). The new AFDRS uses contemporary fire behaviour science, makes better use of available data and uses software infrastructure that can be continuously improved. The AFDRS starts with eight fire behaviour models representing a representative range of Australian vegetation types, it captures current fuel information, uses satellite data, integrates weather from the Bureau of Meteorology and calculates fire danger down to a 1.5km by 1.5-kilometer grid. These calculations are linked to tools that assist fire operational decision-making via a Fire Behaviour Index that is calibrated to operational implications for fire management. A separate arm of the project developed a public-facing Fire Danger Rating framework, guided by one of Australia’s largest social research projects. The research found that, while fire danger signage was well recognised, few acted on fire danger ratings to plan their activities. Focus groups and subsequent surveys found that the community preferred a simplified public-facing system where each fire danger rating had a distinct call to action. The implementation of the new system required an enormous effort from all levels of government across all States and Territories as well as the Commonwealth. It required updates to legislation, policy, procedures, web pages and other IT infrastructure, as well as replacement of physical signage. However, as a result, Australia has a significantly new way of calculating and communicating fire danger, that is continuously improvable and which will bring benefits for decades to come.
Conference papers on the topic "Tobacco industry Government policy Australia"
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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.
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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
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Frischknecht, Bart D., and Kate Whitefoot. "Defining Technology-Adoption Indifference Curves for Residential Solar Electricity Generation Using Stated Preference Experiments." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48007.
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Success in achieving environmental goals is intrinsically dependent on policy decisions, firm decisions, and consumer decisions. Understanding how consumer product adoption jointly depends on policy incentives and firm design decisions is necessary for both firms and governments to make optimal decisions. This paper demonstrates a methodology for assessing the linkage between policy incentives and firm decisions on the level of consumer adoption of a particular technology. A policy optimization is formulated and technology-adoption indifference curves are constructed to allow firms to identify the most profitable direction for product development given the policy environment, and similarly to allow government organizations to set policies that maximize technology adoption given firm decisions. As an example we use the residential solar electricity industry in New South Wales, Australia. Consumer choice is modeled using a mixed logit choice model estimated with hierarchical Bayes techniques from stated preference experiment data.
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Sabyrbekov, Rahat. "Software Development in Kyrgyzstan: Potential Source of Economic Growth." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00256.
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In recent years, software development in the Kyrgyz Republic demonstrated 60-70% growth rate. Kyrgyz software products are exported to Central Asian neighbors and to the Western countries such as Italy, Australia and Holland. With the highest Internet penetration in the region and pool of qualified staff Kyrgyzstan has real chances to sustain the growth rate of the industry. Moreover, the cheap labor creates comparative advantage for local software producers. The break-up the Soviet Union lead to bankruptcies of traditional industries in the Kyrgyz Republic and thousands of highly qualified engineers were left unemployed. Simultaneously since independence Kyrgyz government implemented number of reforms to encourage development of Information and Communication Technologies which lead to the establishment of ICT infrastructure in the region.
The paper analyzes the development trend of the software production industry in the Kyrgyz Republic. We will also overview international experience as in the leading software producers as well as in neighboring countries. The study also builds projections for the next decade and draw on certain policy implications. In addition the paper will provide policy recommendations. The data used is from by the Association on IT companies, questionnaires, National Statistics Committee, Word Bank and Asian Development Bank.