Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems

Academic literature on the topic 'Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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Evren, Cuneyt, Bilge Evren, Muge Bozkurt, and Arzu Ciftci-Demirci. "Effects of lifetime tobacco, alcohol and drug use on psychological and behavioral problems among 10th grade students in Istanbul." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0040.

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Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of life-time tobacco, alcohol, and substance use on psychological and behavioral variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul/Turkey. Materials and methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul. The questionnaire featured a section about use of substances, including tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The depression, anxiety, anger, assertiveness, sensation seeking and impulsiveness subscales of the Psychological Screening Test for Adolescents (PSTA) were used. The analyses were conducted based on 4957 subjects. Results: Logistic regression analyses were conducted with each school with the related and behavioral variables as the dependent variables. Gender, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use being the independent variables. All four independent variables predicted the dependent variables. Lifetime tobacco and drug use had significant effects on all the subscale score, whereas lifetime alcohol use had significant effects on all the subscale scores other than lack of assertiveness, and male gender was a significant covariant for all the subscale scores. Drug use showed the highest effect on dependent variables. Interaction was found between effects of tobacco and alcohol on anxiety, whereas interactions were found between effects of tobacco and drugs on lack of assertiveness and impulsiveness. Conclusion: The findings suggested that male students with lifetime tobacco, alcohol or drug use have particularly high risk of psychological and behavioral problems. The unique effects of substance clusters on these problems may be useful in developing secondary preventive practices for substance use and abuse problems in Istanbul.
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Ssewanyana, Derrick, Patrick N. Mwangala, Vicki Marsh, Irene Jao, Anneloes van Baar, Charles R. Newton, and Amina Abubakar. "Socio-ecological determinants of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County at the Kenyan coast." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 12 (June 26, 2018): 1940–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318782594.

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Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use form a risk factor for health and social problems during adolescence. From a socio-ecological model, perceptions of 85 young people and 10 stakeholders on the types of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs used and the predisposing and protective factors were explored; among adolescents at the Kenyan Coast in the Kilifi County. We found that the consumption of home-brewed alcohol, tobacco and marijuana smoking, and khat chewing was common and requires multi-component and community-centered intervention. Countering alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use needs enforcement of strong measures to regulate access to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for minors; addressing social and cultural norms; strategies for poverty alleviation; and community empowerment.
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Charney, Merle H. "College Health and the Responsibility for Solving Problems of Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drug Use." Journal of American College Health 43, no. 1 (July 1994): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1994.9939081.

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Charney, Merle H. "College Health and the Responsibility for Solving Problems of Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drug Use." College Teaching 42, no. 3 (July 1994): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1994.9926840.

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Magri, Raquel, Janine Hutson, Hugo Míguez, Héctor Suarez, Adriana Menendez, Verónica Parodi, Gideon Koren, and Raul Bustos. "Advances in the Determination of Alcohol and Other Drug Consumption during Pregnancy: A Study of 900 Births in Montevideo, Uruguay." Contemporary Drug Problems 34, no. 3 (September 2007): 445–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090703400306.

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A study was performed in Uruguay to estimate the prevalence of drug consumption during pregnancy. The study consisted of a survey and biological samples to validate the responses and investigate information concerning risks involved in drug consumption during pregnancy. The survey consisted of 900 face-to-face interviews performed within 48 hours after birth. Perinatal registries were taken from hospital archives. Nine hundred meconium samples were tested for alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs, and tranquilizers. The results of the survey indicated consumption during pregnancy of the following: 41.3% tobacco, 36.8% alcohol, 16.3% tranquilizers, 68% caffeine (more than 400 mg/day), and 1.4% illegal drugs. In addition, 8.9% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Among the planned pregnancies, some physicians warned their patients about risks associated with tobacco (34%), alcohol (27%) and illegal drugs (7%). Meconium analysis revealed tobacco (cotinine), 51.8%; alcohol (fatty acid ethyl esters, or FAEES), 43.5%; and cocaine (base paste), 2.5%. Newborns whose mothers smoked tobacco presented statistically lower birth weights: 11% of all newborns at low birth weight, with health problems reported for 14.8%.
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Rohrbach, Louise A., Steve Sussman, Clyde W. Dent, and Ping Sun. "Tobacco, Alcohol, and other Drug use among High-Risk Young People: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood." Journal of Drug Issues 35, no. 2 (April 2005): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500206.

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The present study described the prevalence of adult role taking and substance use among individuals attending alternative high schools, who were followed for five years to early emerging adulthood (n = 848). Psychosocial factors at baseline and adult role taking at the follow-up were examined as correlates of substance use during emerging adulthood. At this stage of life, 74% of subjects were employed, 30% were married or engaged, and 43% had at least one child. One third of subjects were daily cigarette smokers, and 24% had used marijuana in the past 30 days. Forty-seven percent had experienced negative consequences of alcohol or drug use in the last year. The most consistent positive predictors of substance use in emerging adulthood were male gender and previous drug use. Addiction concern was a consistent negative predictor. After controlling for baseline psychosocial variables, attending school and being married at the five-year follow-up were negative correlates of both personal consequences and problems related to alcohol or drug use.
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Degenhardt, Louisa, Carolyn Coffey, John B. Carlin, Wendy Swift, Elya Moore, and George C. Patton. "Outcomes of occasional cannabis use in adolescence: 10-year follow-up study in Victoria, Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 196, no. 4 (April 2010): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056952.

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BackgroundRegular adolescent cannabis use predicts a range of later drug use and psychosocial problems. Little is known about whether occasional cannabis use carries similar risks.AimsTo examine associations between occasional cannabis use during adolescence and psychosocial and drug use outcomes in young adulthood; and modification of these associations according to the trajectory of cannabis use between adolescence and age 20 years, and other potential risk factors.MethodA 10-year eight-wave cohort study of a representative sample of 1943 secondary school students followed from 14.9 years to 24 years.ResultsOccasional adolescent cannabis users who continued occasional use into early adulthood had higher risks of later alcohol and tobacco dependence and illicit drug use, as well as being less likely to complete a post-secondary qualification than non-users. Those using cannabis at least weekly either during adolescence or at age 20 were at highest risk of drug use problems in young adulthood. Adjustment for smoking in adolescence reduced the association with later educational achievement, but associations with drug use problems remained.ConclusionsOccasional adolescent cannabis use predicts later drug use and educational problems. Partial mediation by tobacco use raises a possibility that differential peer affiliation may play a role.
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Tilley, S. "Alcohol, Other Drugs and Tobacco use and Anxiolytic Effectiveness." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 3 (September 1987): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.3.389.

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Recent studies raise questions regarding use or abuse of alcohol by phobics, and about compatibility of behaviour therapy and benzodiazepine use. In this study 40 patients, referred with mainly anxiety-related problems to a nurse behaviour therapist, and a comparison group of 40 psychiatric nurses completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing use of alcohol, sedative drugs and tobacco, and their perceived anxiolytic effectiveness. The paper confirms earlier findings that the patients, in general, drank less than the general public. They also drank less than the nurses, but used more sedative drugs and were heavier smokers. Alcohol was an unreliable anxiolytic. A few patients, including two agoraphobics, drank heavily and did not enter treatment made conditional on stopping drinking. Implications for case management are discussed.
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Aguirre-Molina, Marilyn, and D. M. Gorman. "The Perth Amboy Community Partnership for Youth: Assessing its Effects at the Environmental and Individual Levels of Analysis." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kj04-b8cy-pxf4-rpgr.

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This article describes the Perth Amboy Community Partnership for Youth (PACPY), a comprehensive community-based intervention designed to reduce risk factors for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among Latino youth. The intervention is grounded in the principles of community empowerment and participatory education, and attempts to facilitate within the community a broad understanding of the societal factors that increase risk of drug use and related problems among young people. PACPY attempts to bring about change at both the individual level and the environmental level within the domains of the school, the family, and the community. The present article describes the types of interventions introduced through PACPY within each of these domains, and examines their impact on individual and environmental changes in the use and availability of tobacco products. We conclude with a discussion of some of the methodological issues that have arisen over the course of the evaluation, and outline the changes that have occurred in our underlying conceptual framework.
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Delgado-Lobete, Laura, Rebeca Montes-Montes, Alba Vila-Paz, José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño, Berta Gándara-Gafo, Miguel-Ángel Talavera-Valverde, and Sergio Santos-del-Riego. "Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093019.

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Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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Goodin, William John, and bgoodin@nursing usyd edu au. "AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE SELF-REPORTED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND CLINICAL BEHAVIOURS OF PRACTISING REGISTERED NURSES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND OTHER DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061110.120239.

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There is an enduring and prevailing disparity between the clinical prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and other drug-related problems and the frequency that nurses recognise and intervene in these common problems. The extant nursing literature has long determined an urgent need for further investigation into why nurses do not respond to patients with ATOD-related problems in the consistent and effective manner that the prevalence of these costly health problems require, or in a manner that reflects the opportunities that nurses have to offer brief and timely intervention. This thesis reports and discusses the investigation of factors that determine identification, assessment and interventions of patients with alcohol, tobacco and other drug-related problems by a randomly selected sample of Registered Nurses [n=1281] in practice in New South Wales, Australia. Of particular interest was the relationship between nurses' ATOD knowledge, therapeutic attitudes and clinical activity. Multiple quantitative and qualitative methods were used, firstly to systematically investigate factors within the nurse and their clinical setting that might predict desired clinical behaviour towards addressing ATOD-related problems, and secondly, to analyse and describe nurses' self-reported perceptions, views and experiences of the issue and what aids or impedes it. The research instrument - a 72 item self-completed questionnaire was developed and refined within a process of three (3) pilot studies and test-retest method. A multiple regression model was developed to establish the predictors of key clinical behaviours. Thematic coding was used to analyse the perceptions of these nurses as to the factors that affect their ability to intervene with patients who have ATODrelated problems. Convergent and divergent concerns between quantitative and qualitative findings became apparent. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses demonstrated that nurses report a complex of factors that affect their ability and capacity to intervene with patients who have ATOD-related problems. Among these are factors located within nurses themselves, within their patient(s), within their workplace, within other health professionals and within the broader social/cultural context. The latter part of the thesis systematically considers the relationships between the quantitative and qualitative findings within this large sample of registered nurses. From this comprehensive level of analysis, workforce implications for ATOD education, training and organisational support for nurses, the most numerous group of health care workers, have been readily identified. The major empirical finding of this investigation is that there is a significant difference between positive attitudinal sets and motivation of practicing registered nurses to perform desired ATOD-related clinical activities, and the lower reported frequency at which this occurs. The qualitative findings are highly convergent with the empirical ones. It is the nurse's self-identified lack of knowledge, skills, experience and confidence that is now reported as having the greatest effect on their ability to assess, identify and offer brief and timely intervention for patients with ATOD-related problems, rather than any prevailing beliefs and attitudes that these patients were not worthy of their care, or outside the legitimate framework of their nursing role.
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Abramsson, Linnea. "PREVALENCE OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS STOPP/START in elderly people with dementia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157692.

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Goodin, William John. "An investigation of factors that determine self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and clinical behaviours of practising registered nurses towards people with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug-related problems." 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061110.120239/index.html.

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Maithya, Redempta W. "Drug abuse in the secondary school in Kenya : developing a programme for prevention and intervention." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3433.

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Drug abuse is becoming an increasing problem in Kenya. A number of studies carried out in the country show that almost every Kenyan youngster at one time or another experiments with drugs, especially beer and cigarettes. The major cause of concern is that a significant proportion of these young people eventually get addicted posing a threat to their own health and safety, while creating difficulties for their families and the public at large into difficulties. This study sought to establish the current trend of drug abuse among students in Kenyan secondary schools, and to analyze the strategies used to address the problem. The ultimate aim was to propose a programme for prevention and intervention. The study is a descriptive survey. In view of this, the field survey method was adopted to collect quantitative and qualitative data, using questionnaires and interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in data analysis, thus there was a mixed model research design approach to data analysis. The analysis of structured items was mainly done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The key findings from the study were that drug abuse among students is common; both boys and girls have abused drugs with the majority being in boys‟ schools; the greatest ratio of drug abusers to non-abusers among the sampled schools are aged between 20 and 22 years; there is a significant relationship between drug abuse and age, use of drugs by other family members and easy access to drugs. A variety of factors contribute to drug abuse with the majority of students citing curiosity, acceptance by peers and ignorance as to the dangers of drug abuse as the main reasons. Both the school administrators and teachers face a number of challenges in an attempting to curb drug abuse in schools. The study makes a number of recommendations for policy and further research. A number of guidelines are proposed for developing a programme for prevention and intervention.
Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Socio-Education)
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Books on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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Beale, Leslie. State plan for the prevention of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug-related problems. Boston (150 Tremont St., Boston 02111): Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, 1994.

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Drugs, Great Britain Advisory Council on the Misuse of. Pathways to problems: Hazardous use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs by young people in the UK and its implications for policy. [England]: Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, 2006.

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1959-, Scratchley David, and Royce James E, eds. Alcoholism and other drug problems. New York: Free Press, 1996.

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Royce, James E. Alcoholism and other drug problems. New York: Free Press, 1996.

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Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission. Quick facts about alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, and problem gambling. [Edmonton]: AADAC, 2005.

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Kearney, Margaret H. Perinatal impact of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Edited by Wellman Lynn G and Freda Margaret Comerford. White Plains, N.Y: March of Dimes, 1999.

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An ounce of prevention: Strategies for solving tobacco, alcohol, and drug problems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.

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Abel, Sally. The primary prevention of alcohol and other drug-related problems amongst women: A literature review. Auckland, N.Z: Alcohol & Public Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, 1992.

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Commission, Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Quick facts about alcohol, other drugs and problem gambling. 9th ed. Edmonton: AADAC, 2001.

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E, Zweben Joan, ed. Treating patients with alcohol and other drug problems: An integrated approach. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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McKnight, Rebecca, Jonathan Price, and John Geddes. "Problems due to use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances." In Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754008.003.0037.

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Archaeological evidence has demonstrated that for at least the past 10,000 years humans have been using psychoactive substances. From the chewing of coca leaves in Ancient Peru (c.4000– 3000 bce) to the popular use of laudanum in Victorian England, the recreational, cultural, and medicinal use of ‘mind- altering’ substances has been widespread. As of 2016, alcohol and other psychoactive substances remain a leading cause of medical and social problems world­wide: humans are clearly vulnerable to their attrac­tion. Although a myriad of substances are available, only a few are commonly used, and all tend to produce similar harms upon the individual and society. This chapter will provide a general approach to managing a patient presenting with a problem stemming from substance misuse. It is extremely difficult to gather accurate data on the use of substances in the general population, especially if they are illegal. It is therefore likely that most figures are underestimations of the true incidence. The WHO estimates that tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs are a factor in 12.4 per cent of all deaths worldwide. This is a stark reminder of the severity that problems associated with substance usage can reach, but the morbidity sur­rounding them affects a much wider section of society. In the UK, 80 per cent of adults drink alcohol, 19 per cent smoke tobacco, and 30 per cent admit to having used an illegal drug at least once in their lifetime. Worldwide, the highest prevalence of drug misuse is found in the 16- to 30- year age group, with males outnumbering females at a ratio of 4 to 1. Table 29.1 shows a selection of epidemiological figures associ­ated with commonly used substances. Substance misuse is associated with an array of con­fusing terminology, the majority describing different disorders that may occur due to use of any substance. The following terms are internationally agreed and ap­pear in major classification systems:… ● Intoxication is the direct psychological and physical effects of the substance that are dose dependent and time limited. They are individual to the substance and typically include both pleasurable and unpleasant symptoms.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine Douaihy. "Introduction and Plan for This Workbook." In Managing Your Substance Use Disorder, edited by Dennis C. Daley and Antoine Douaihy, 3–12. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926670.003.0001.

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In this workbook, the authors provide information about substance use problems, recovery, relapse, professional treatments available, and mutual support programs. Substance use problems are problems with alcohol, tobacco, or any other type of drug. Problems may show in binge drinking, drug misuse (using illicit drugs, using other people’s prescription drugs with addiction potential, mixing drugs or drugs and alcohol in ways that are risky) or a substance use disorder (SUD). Although there are differences among the various substance use problems, there are also many similarities. The goals of this chapter are to become aware of current trends in substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders; to learn the multiple factors contributing to a substance use problem; to identify the different paths and benefits to recovery; to understand the benefits of using this workbook in therapy or counseling; and to learn the importance of keeping records and completing recovery worksheets.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine Douaihy. "How to Use Therapy or Counseling." In Managing Your Substance Use Disorder, edited by Dennis C. Daley and Antoine Douaihy, 39–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926670.003.0006.

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There are many different types of therapy and counseling approaches for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems. Treatment is most effective when it helps clients develop and improve skills for dealing with the challenges and demands of recovery and the problems associated with substance use. Involving family in the treatment process can also increase the chances of successful treatment; so can active participation in mutual support programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. The goals of this chapter are for clients to learn how to get the most out of their treatment and to familiarize themselves with behaviors that may have a negative impact on their therapy.
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Dryfoos, Joy G. "Prevalence of Substance Abuse." In Adolescents at Risk. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072686.003.0007.

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Quantifying the number of young people who are high risk because of substance abuse is complicated by the ambiguity of existing definitions and the absence of ideal data. Among other definitional problems, the term substance abuse covers a multitude of “sins”—smoking, drinking, use of marijuana, and use of a whole range of drugs from over-the-counter diet pills to illicit heroin and cocaine. In recent years, chewing smokeless tobacco and wine coolers have been added to the menu. To add to the confusion, the substance abuse field has not produced an adequate response to the question: Who is at risk of long-term consequences? In the teen pregnancy field, the problem is generally defined using the outcome to be prevented, early childbearing (see Chapter 5). Teen fertility is quantifiable, measured from official statistics (Vital Statistics), and the characteristics of those at risk can be determined by studying the outcome date. In the delinquency field, there are official arrest figures. In the education field, school records and selfreports can be used to define low achievers and dropouts. In the substance abuse field, research suggests that there are important differences between occasional users and those who ever tried these substances (but are not abstainers), and the subset who become heavy users. It is the subset of heavy users who should be the prime targets of interventions, and yet it appears that most prevention is aimed at the larger group. The task of defining risk groups for substance-abuse prevention programs would be facilitated if one could turn to a data set that had all the requisite parts: a large random sample of 10- to 17-year-olds, followed longitudinally, and rich in detail about precursors and the social environment. From such a resource, we could better understand the antecedents of drug and alcohol use, current use patterns by different subgroups of the population, and the consequences that followed from that use. A number of researchers have produced important work on what they describe as the etiology or the causes of substance abuse, others have focused on the consequences, and many surveys have been conducted to track prevalence patterns.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine Douaihy. "Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis." In Managing Substance Use Disorder, edited by Dennis C. Daley and Antoine Douaihy, 23–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.003.0003.

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Screening is a process used to identify individuals who may be at risk for a substance use problem by having them answer a few questions about their use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. An extensive assessment of substance use disorders (SUDs) requires a multidimensional approach and differs from other mental health assessments in that detailed information is obtained on patterns of alcohol or other drug use, negative consequences of use, physiological and behavioral dependence, cognitive impairment, motivation for change, potential effects of substances on psychiatric disorders, attitudes and beliefs about continued use and abstinence, and the client’s strengths, resources, and social support networks. Diagnosis determines whether a client meets criteria for a SUD, which in turn may affect treatment planning and access to services. The best approach to diagnosis is through a comprehensive clinical interview and identifying criteria that match a client’s symptomatology.
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Room, Robin. "Prevention of alcohol-related problems." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 467–72. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0061.

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Alcohol consumption is widely distributed in the population in most parts of the world, with abstainers in a minority among adults in most developing societies but in a majority in many less developed societies. Those qualifying to be diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder are usually a relatively small minority of drinkers. On the other hand, alcohol is causally implicated in a wide variety of health and social problems. The WHO Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for 2000 estimated that alcohol accounted globally for 4 per cent of the total health-related loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), for 6.8 per cent in developed societies like those in Western Europe and North America, and for 12.1 per cent in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In terms of where this burden appears in the health system, while psychiatric conditions (including dependence) and chronic physical disease are both important, casualties often play a predominant role. The GBD 2000 study calculated that injuries accounted for 40 per cent of the DALYs lost worldwide due to alcohol. The public health importance of acute effects of a particular episode of intoxication underlies what is often described as the ‘prevention paradox’. In many societies, a fairly substantial proportion of the population (particularly of males) gets intoxicated at least occasionally, and by that fact is at risk of experiencing and causing social and health harm from drinking. Preventing alcohol problems thus requires looking beyond the considerably smaller segment of the population diagnosable with an alcohol use disorder, or the even smaller segment receiving treatment for such a disorder. A complication in preventing alcohol problems is that there is also evidence of a health benefit from drinking in terms of reduced cardiovascular disease. This benefit is, however, important mainly for men over 45 and women past menopause, and can be attained with a pattern of very light regular drinking, as little as a drink every second day. There is thus little potential conflict between taking alcohol as a preventive heart medication and any prevention policy short of total prohibition. Simplifying somewhat, there are seven main strategies to minimize alcohol problems. One strategy is to educate or persuade people not to use or about ways to use so as to limit harm. A second strategy, a kind of negative persuasion, is to deter drinking-related behaviour with the threat of penalties. A third strategy, operating in the positive direction, is to provide alternatives to drinking or to drink-connected activities. A fourth strategy is in one way or another to insulate the use from harm. A fifth strategy is to regulate availability of the drug or the conditions of its use. Prohibition of supply may be regarded as a special case of such regulation. A sixth strategy is to work with social or religious movements oriented to reducing alcohol problems. And a seventh strategy is to treat or otherwise help people who are in trouble with their drinking. We will consider in turn these strategies and the evidence on their effectiveness in reducing rates of alcohol problems in the population.
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North, Carol S., and Sean H. Yutzy. "Drug Use Disorder." In Goodwin and Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis 7th Edition, 305–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215460.003.0012.

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Drug use disorder refers to the presence of any of a collection of drug-specific diagnoses that are characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms accompanying repeated use of a drug despite significant substance-related problems causing harm to the user or to others. Common drugs of abuse in contemporary American society include cannabinoids, opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, and many other drugs. The popularity of specific drugs has varied over time in relation to drug availability and cost. The most recent trend has been an influx of “designer drugs,” substances developed synthetically by manipulating the molecular structure to avoid classification as illicit drugs (hence circumventing prosecution) while retaining the psychoactive properties of illicit drugs.
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Sepulveda, Aviril, Dean M. Coffey, Jed David, Horacio Lopez, Kamil Bantol, and Joyce R. Javier. "Creating a Culture of Mental Health in Filipino Immigrant Communities through Community Partnerships." In Leading Community Based Changes in the Culture of Health in the US - Experiences in Developing the Team and Impacting the Community. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98458.

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One out of five children in the United States has a mental, emotional, or behavioral health diagnosis. Behavioral health issues cost America $247 billion per year and those with mental health disorders have poorer health and shorter lives. Evidence-based parenting interventions provided in childhood have proven to be effective in helping parents to prevent disruptive, oppositional and defiant behaviors, anxiety and depressive symptoms, tobacco, alcohol, and drug misuse, aggression, delinquency, and violence. Yet, few parents participate in such programs, especially hard-to-reach, underserved minority and immigrant populations. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has identified a culture of health action framework that mobilizes individuals, communities, and organizations in order to examine ways to improve systems of prevention, invest in building the evidence base for such systems, and provide evidence-based information to decision makers. The overarching goal of this effort was to create a culture of mental health among Filipinos, a large, yet understudied immigrant community that is affected by alarming mental health disparities, including high rates of adolescent suicide ideation and attempts. Our impact project focused on increasing the reach of the Incredible Years® because maximizing the participation of high-risk, hard-to-engage populations may be one of the most important ways to increase the population-level impact of evidence-based parenting programs. If the approach succeeded with Filipinos, comparable strategies could be used to effectively reach other underserved populations in the U.S., many of whom are reluctant to seek behavioral health services. In this chapter we discuss 1) the state of the literature on the topic of Filipino adolescent mental health disparities; 2) our wicked problem and the impact project aimed at ameliorating this issue; 3) how our team formed and implemented our impact project; 4) outcomes and results of our efforts; 5) challenges we faced and how they were overcome; 6) the leadership and health equity skills that were most helpful in addressing our problem; and 7) a toolkit that could assist other communities addressing youth mental health and prevention of suicide and depression.
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Jose, Jimmy. "Pharmacovigilance." In Pharmacoinformatics and Drug Discovery Technologies, 322–43. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0309-7.ch020.

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Any substance that is capable of producing a therapeutic effect can also produce unwanted or adverse effects. It is important to understand the basic concepts related to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): epidemiology, classification, predisposing factors, evaluation parameters, and surveillance methods. Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities relating to the detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of ADRs or any other drug-related problems. It involves patients, medical professionals, the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory agencies, and academic scientists. Pharmacoinformatics, the application of information technology with regard to the drug design, development, and drug use has played a major role in the appropriate implementation of pharmacovigilance at industry, regulatory, and hospital levels. The functioning of international regulatory agencies and drug safety departments of pharmaceutical industries has been greatly influenced by pharmacoinformatics. Pharmacoinformatics has changed the way in which health care is practiced. Modern information technology can be used by health care professionals for various purposes and, thereby, make a substantial contribution to optimize the quality of medication use in institutions with due importance of safety. Pharmacoinformatics has a major influence in the development of pharmacogenetics and its individual applications including improving drug safety. Pharmacoinformatics will play a major role in the future development and practice of pharmacovigilance. The present chapter is aimed at providing the readers an insight into the importance and basic concepts of pharmacovigilance, and the process involved in it. Application of pharmacoinformatics in improving drug safety at various levels from an industry, regulatory and hospital perspective is discussed.
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Cowen, Philip, Paul Harrison, and Tom Burns. "The misuse of alcohol and drugs." In Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 441–84. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199605613.003.0017.

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The phrases substance use disorder (DSM-IV) or disorders due to psychoactive drug use (ICD-10) are used to refer to conditions arising from the misuse of alcohol, psychoactive drugs, or other chemicals such as volatile substances. In this chapter, problems related to alcohol will be discussed first under the general heading of alcohol use disorders. Problems related to drugs and other chemicals will then be discussed under the general heading of other substance use disorders.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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Gaspard-Chickoree, Keisha. "A GEOSPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED E-REFUGEE CAMP TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND STATES." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/bfxs7614.

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As a result of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, the country has seen a mass exodus of persons into neighbouring Caribbean Small Island Developing States, SIDS, such as Trinidad and Tobago and Curaçao. These SIDS do not have the infrastructure or local policies to implement a traditional refugee camp within their shores. Findings have shown the many disadvantages to existing or traditional refugee camp settlements. However, as forced migrants continue to pour into these Caribbean states, a technological framework is necessary to capture, manage and connect forced migrants to food and shelter using Geographical Information System, GIS, enabled web technology. Thus, the Geospatially Distributed e-Refugee Camp, GDEC, framework aims to define a burden-sharing model between non-profitable organizations and the government utilizing a free and open source software approach to foster citizen participation and rapid development. The framework is developed using well-defined and tested software development methodologies – Lean Startup Methodology and Rapid Application Development. It analyzes existing technologies used by the UNHCR to represent migration and related GIS data on the web. GDEC is a digitized spatial representation, using a service oriented architecture, of forced migrants housed across the island, the volunteers, safe zones and other relevant stakeholders within the system. This camp, though electronic and distributed, adheres to the standards set by the UNHCR and Sphere for refugee camp settlements. The framework will allow SIDS to roll out a software solution rapidly to meet the urgency of the refugee problem.
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Reports on the topic "Tobacco and Other Drug-related problems"

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Norsworthy, Sarah, Rebecca Shute, Crystal M. Daye, and Paige Presler-Jur. National Institute of Justice’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence 2019 National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum. Edited by Jeri D. Ropero-Miller and Hope Smiley-McDonald. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0011.2007.

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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and its Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) hosted the National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum on July 18–19, 2019, in Washington, DC. The forum explored ways in which government agencies and programs, law enforcement officials, forensic laboratory personnel, medical examiners and coroners, researchers, and other experts can cooperate to respond to problems associated with drug abuse and misuse. Panelists from these stakeholder groups discussed ways to address concerns such as rapidly expanding crime laboratory caseloads; workforce shortages and resiliency programs; analytical challenges associated with fentanyl analogs and drug mixtures; laboratory quality control; surveillance systems to inform response; and policy related to stakeholder, research, and resource constraints. The NIJ Policy and Practice Forum built off the momentum of previous stakeholder meetings convened by NIJ and other agencies to discuss the consequences of this national epidemic, including the impact it has had on public safety, public health, and the criminal justice response. The forum discussed topics at a policy level and addressed best practices used across the forensic community.
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