Journal articles on the topic 'To 1990'
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1
Esquivel Ceballos, Víctor Hugo, Luis Carlos Alatorre Cejudo, Agustín Robles Morua, and Luis Carlos Bravo Peña. "Crecimiento urbano de Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua (1920-2015): Hipótesis sobre el impacto en las coberturas y uso de suelo y el abatimiento del acuífero urbano." Acta Universitaria 29 (November 6, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.2369.
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El acelerado crecimiento urbano a escala global y sus efectos negativos sobre el sistema hídrico subterráneo natural se atribuyen principalmente a la concentración de población que registran las áreas urbanas. En el presente trabajo se analizó el crecimiento urbano de Ciudad Juárez (1920-1940; 1940-1950; 1950-1960; 1960-1970; 1970-1980; 1980-1990; 1990-2000; 2000-2010 y 2010-2015), los cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo urbano y el abatimiento del acuífero urbano. Los resultados derivan de la correlación estadística y espacial entre covariables generadas: Tasas de Cambio de Crecimiento Urbano Histórico (TCCUH: %), Tasas de Cambio de Usos de Suelo Urbano (TCUSU: %), Crecimiento Poblacional (Población: %) y Tasa de Cambio en Abatimiento (TCA: m año-1). El crecimiento fue de 35 222 ha. El uso habitacional está estrechamente ligado al uso industrial y de servicios. El nivel estático del acuífero arrojó TCA media de - 0.53 m año-1. Las covariables que mejor explicaron la TCA son TCCUH y la TCUSU. Del análisis del comportamiento del crecimiento urbano en función de los usos de suelo, se concluye que, de los usos, los habitacionales son los que mayor recurso de agua demandan.
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Vicente, Eduardo, and Leonardo De Marchi. "Da música popular à MPB: um século de música e disco no Brasil." Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico 26, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/esmp.67318.
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O texto se propõe a relacionar a trajetória da indústria fonográfica e da música popular no Brasil ao longo do século XX, a partir de suas interações com as indústrias radiofônica e televisiva. Para tanto, ele foi dividido em quatro fases principais: “das máquinas falantes nos trópicos à Casa Edison, 1900-1930”, “a era do cinema e do rádio, 1930-1950”, “a nova bossa da televisão, 1960-1970” e “em busca do popular, 1980-1990”. Nesse percurso, o texto busca refletir sobre questões como a concentração econômica da indústria fonográfica, a criação de um repertório musical propriamente “brasileiro”, em que certos gêneros musicais foram mais ou menos privilegiados de acordo com o desenvolvimento da própria indústria fonográfica.
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Потеров, Румен. "Bulgarian accordion folklore art: generations of performers, traditions and modern directions of development." Музыкальное искусство Евразии. Традиции и современность, no. 1(2) (February 25, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/maetam.2021.2.1.003.
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В статье рассматриваются вопросы трансформации фольклорного наследия в исполнительском искусстве болгарских аккордеонистов. Четыре поколения музыкантов определяют основные направления трансформации и модернизации фольклорного наследия. Первое поколение - основатели (1930 -1940 годы); второе - виртуозные преемники (1950 - 1960 годы); третье - свадебные импровизаторы (1970 - 1980 годы) и четвертое - экспериментаторы (с начала 1990-х годов). Выявлен вклад наиболее ярких представителей в каждом из поколений, характерные особенности их исполнительского стиля и их вклад в развитие болгарского народного исполнительского искусства: Бориса Карлова, Ибро Лолова, Нешко Нешева, Петра Ральчева и Мартина Любенова. Обозначены основные тенденции трансформации болгарского музыкально- фольклорного наследия и их исполнительского стиля, включение фольклора в различные транснациональные музыкальные течения после 1990-х годов The article is dedicated to the transformations of folklore in performing activity of Bulgarian accordeonists. In this direction the author have written four generations of accordeonists, which define the mainstream for the transformation and modernization of the folklore heritage. First direction - the founders classics (1930s and 1940s ); second generation - the virtuosos heirs (1950s and 1960s); third generation - “wedding virtuosos” (1960s and 1970s) and fourth generation - experimenters virtuosos (since the beginning of the 1990s). The contribution of the most prominent representatives of generations is clarified, features of their performance style and their contribution to the development of Bulgarian folk performing art - Boris Karlov, Ibro Lolov, Neshko Neshev, Petar Ralchev and Martin Lyubenov. The author pays attention to the main transformation features of Bulgarian folklore in their performance style and the inclusion of folklore in different transnational musical events at the beginning of the 1990s
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Torres, Horacio A. "La aglomeración de Buenos Aires. Centralidad y suburbanización (1940-1990)." Estudios Geográficos 54, no. 211 (June 30, 1993): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.1993.i211.301.
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La aglomeración de Buenos Aires. Centralidad y suburbanización (1940-1990). Los perídos de cambio de los procesos de estructuración espacial de Buenos Aires guardan una estrecha relación con los grandes períodos de cambio económico, demográfico, social y político que afectan el desarrollo metropolitano en su conjunto. En ese sentido pueden señalarse, con posterioridad a 1940, tres períodos de características diferentes: 1940-1960, 1960-1980 y 1980-1990.
En el presente trabajo se analizan esos períodos identificando en cada caso un conjunto de procesos socioespaciales, lo que permite explicar los patrones de diferenciación social del espacio y el «mapa social» caracteliticos de cada periodo. En este contexto, las políticas urbanas del Estado en vigencia son también tratadas en tanto posibilitan, impiden o condicionan selectivamente esos procesos.
Se presenta finalmente un mapa sintético que muestra el efecto agregado de esos factores sobre la estructura espacial de al ciudad.
[fr]
L'agglomération de Buenos Aires. Centra lité et suburbanisation (1940-1990). Loo périodes de changement des processus de structuration spatiale de Buenos Aires sont étroi tement liées aux périodes de changement économique, social e qui affectent ]'ensemble du développement métropolitain. A cet égard, trois périodes de caractéristiques differentes peuvent etre signalées depuis 1940: 1940-1960, 1960-1980 y 1980-1990.
Dans ce travail, ces périodes son analisées, identifiant a l'intérieur de chacune unensemble typique de processus «socio-spatiaux», ce qui permet d'expliquer les patrons dedifférentiation sociale de l'espace et la «carte sociale» caractéristiques de chque période.Dans ce contexte, les politiquea urbaines de l'Etat sont aussi traitées, en tant qu'elles permettent, empechent ou conditionnent sélectivement ces processus.
Une carte synthetique qui montre l'effect composé de ces facteurs sur la structure spatiale de la ville est préssentée ici.
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Степаньян, О. В. "МАКРОФИТОБЕНТОС ЧЕРНОГО И АЗОВСКОГО МОРЕЙ: ФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ (ОБЗОР), "Наука Юга России"." Science in the South of Russia, no. 4 (2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s25000640200404.
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Приведен ретроспективный анализ исследований макрофитобентоса Черного и Азовского морей. Выделены основные 4 этапа: I этап (1860–1920-е гг.) – флористический; II этап (1930–1950-е гг.) – гидробиологический; III этап (1960–1990-е гг.) – флористическо-экологический; IV этап (с начала 2000-х гг.) – синергетический. В последние годы превалируют локальные флористические работы с описанием экологии и биологии отдельных видов. Необходимо усиление исследований макрофитобентоса Черного и Азовского морей во всех странах причерноморского региона.
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Ayala, Manuel, Diego Huaraca, José Varela-Aldás, Andrea Ordóñez, and Genís Riba. "Anthropization and Growth of the Electricity Grid as Variables for the Analysis of Urban Infrastructure." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041486.
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City growth goes together with the development of infrastructure, and the power network is one of the most relevant towards economic development. The study of urban infrastructure through the analysis of anthropization coupled with power network growth can produce a tool that supports sustainable infrastructure planning, both economic and environmental. The case study focuses on Ambato, Ecuador, in the period from 1950 to 2019, and assesses quantitatively the changes in the city layout and the evolution of its power network. The data are adjusted to a sigmoid-type objective function through a non-linear least squares problem, that is solved using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method. Anthropization data show how the urban area grew during the study period: 37% (1950–1960), 53% (1960–1970), 80% (1970–1980), 35% (1980–1990), 39% (1990–2000), 38% (2000–2010), and 11% (2010–2019), mostly at the expense of agricultural land. The forecast for new power network users by 2050 yields a result of 203,630 total users with a population density of 4850 people/km2. The conclusion is that this type of analysis can help city planners and decision makers further understand city and infrastructure growth dynamics and produce policies that bolster sustainable city growth.
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Pardo Alonso, Miguel V., and Rodolfo Gozalo Guitiérrez. "Historia de los estudios paleontológicos en el Devónico de la región de Almadén (zona Centroibérica, España): período 1834-1990." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 14, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.23964.
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Las primeras citas de fósiles en la región de Almadén se remontan al trabajo de Le Play (1834), siendo Ezquerra del Bayo (1838) el primero en citar fósiles inequívocamente devónicos, si bien no es hasta 1850 cuando se habla propiamente de "terrenos devónicos". El presente estudio histórico, que abarca el período 1834-1990, se ha basado en una recopilación bibliográfica de las obras que han versado sobre paleontología y estratigrafía del Devonico de la region de Almaden y su posterior analisis. Este, junto con un detallado trabajo de campo, ha permitido la elaboración de un mapa de situación de los yacimientos clásicos presentes en el área, muchos de ellos de localización incierta o desconocida hasta la fecha. Por último, en función de las citas de especies de cada trabajo analizado, se ha procedido a la delimitación y caracterización de siete períodos en el conocimiento de la región: Primera Epoca (1834-1873), Reorganización de la Comision del Mapa Geológico (1873-1910), Primer tercio de siglo (1910-1936), Segundo tercio de siglo (1936-1960), Escuela alemana y Monografía de Almela et al. (1960-1970), Estudios de yacimientos minerales (1970-1980), y Reactivación y Hojas MAGNA (l 980-1990).
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Webster, Gary D., Carl B. Rexroad, and John A. Talent. "An evaluation of the V. J. Gupta conodont papers." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 3 (May 1993): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036933.
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Distortion of the paleontologic literature in most of the 450 papers bearing V. J. Gupta as author or co-author during the past 30 years has been documented by Agarwal and Singh (1981), Talent (1989a, 1989b, 1989c, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c, in press), Talent et al. (1988, 1989, 1990, 1991), Ahluwalia (1989), Bassi (1989, 1990), Brock et al. (1991), and Radhakrishna (1991). Replies to the charges of fabrication and distortion by Gupta (1989, 1990a, 1990b) were futile attempts to distract the reader, rather than to provide information to refute the charges.
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Espina, Eduardo. "Poesía peruana: 1970, 1980, 1990, etc." Revista Iberoamericana 59, no. 164 (December 18, 1993): 687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/reviberoamer.1993.5179.
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Groscurth, Vetter, and Suter. "Werden die Schweizer schwerer?" Praxis 92, no. 51 (December 1, 2003): 2191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.92.51.2191.
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In dieser Arbeit wurden 4435 Versicherungsanträge von 20- bis 39-jährigen Antragstellern der Schweizerischen Rentenanstalt (Zürich) aus den Antragsjahren 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 und 1990 ausgewertet. Die Anträge enthielten persönliche Angaben über Gewicht, Grösse, Wohnort und Zivilstand. Es wurde anschliessend der Körpermassenindex (body mass index, BMI) und die Prävalenz des Übergewichts und der Adipositas für die ausgewählten Antragsjahre berechnet. Es handelt sich hierbei um die erste und einzige Arbeit, die Verlaufsdaten über das Vorkommen von Übergewicht in der Schweiz zu erfassen versuchte. Das Gewicht (kg) der 20- bis 29-jährigen Antragsteller stieg seit 1950 bzw. 1960 an. Besonders die 90. Perzentile des Gewichts und des BMI zeigte einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg, d.h. bereits Übergewichtige oder zu Übergewicht neigende Personen sind dem Aufwärtstrend besonders stark ausgesetzt. Die Prävalenz des Übergewichts stieg bei den Männern dieser Altersgruppe zwischen 1980 und 1990 um über 10% auf 25% an. Bei den Frauen nahm die Prävalenz des Übergewichts seit 1960 kontinuierlich zu und erreichte 1990 den Wert von 10.5%. Bei der Altersgruppe der 30- bis 39-Jährigen war kein wesentlicher Anstieg des Gewichts und der Prävalenz des Übergewichts zu erkennen, wobei die Altersgruppe der Frauen zu klein war, als dass eindeutige Aussagen über diese Population gemacht werden könnten. Auf Grund der persönlichen Angaben bei der ursprünglichen Datenerhebung sowie der Charakteristika der studierten Population (Versicherungspopulation), können wir unsere Ergebnisse nur mit entsprechender Vorsicht als repräsentativ für die Schweiz bezeichnen. Vergleiche mit anderen europäischen Ländern und den USA zeigen jedoch ähnliche Entwicklungen und Trends. Es scheint, dass Massnahmen zur Prävention von Übergewicht, besonders bei jungen, zu Übergewicht neigenden Personen, ungenügend sind.
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Cowper, Diane C., Charles F. Longino, Joseph D. Kubal, Larry M. Manheim, Stephen J. Dienstfrey, and Jill M. Palmer. "The Retirement Migration of U.S. Veterans, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990." Journal of Applied Gerontology 19, no. 2 (June 2000): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073346480001900201.
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Savitskaya, T. A., T. V. Makarova, and V. A. Trifonov. "Epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan in 1994." Kazan medical journal 77, no. 3 (June 15, 1996): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj104461.
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Before the introduction of planned vaccination against diphtheria in Tatarstan, the number of diphtheria cases per 100 thousand people was 25.3 in 1920-1929 - 25.3, 1930-1939 - 66.5, 1940-1949 - 75.4, 1950-1959 - 67,2. Planned vaccination, which began in 1955-1956, contributed to a decrease in the number of cases. Over the following decades, the average incidence rate per 100,000 population steadily decreased and was in 1960-1969 - 5.2, 1970-1979 - 0,07. However, in 1982-1985 there was a slight increase in the number of diphtheria cases, so the average morbidity rate for 1980-1989 slightly increased (0.09 per 100 thousand population).
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Kantor-Pietraga, Iwona. "In the shadow of urban development. Postwar depopulating towns in Poland, 1946-1990." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0066.
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Abstract The article addresses the problem of depopulating towns in the postwar period (1946–1990) in Poland. The essence of this study is to highlight the problem rather neglected in scientific research on two levels – empirical and explanatory. In the article, a full inventory of towns, which recorded a decrease in population, in the period, was made on the basis of available statistical sources and relating studies on the issues of population. Due to short-term population swings, only the facts related to depopulation that took place in perspective of the designated research sub-periods were taken into consideration: 1946–1950, 1950–1960, 1960–1970, 1970–1980 and 1980–1990. The analysis was made on the basis of the contemporary administrative division of the country into provinces. The primary purpose of the article was an attempt to answer the question regarding the role of depopulation in the socialist period and the possible connotations of this fact, in relation to population loss reported presently in Polish towns. The starting point was, however, a detailed discussion of conditions of urban depopulation in the socialist period. It was recognized that the understanding of this genetically multifaceted problem should form the basis of interpretation to any generalizations made in relation to the past, present and future demographic changes in Poland and other countries. It was also found that understanding the facts connected with demographic development should be a canon of research conducted with reference to the analysed problems. The raised issue of demographic decrease in Polish towns during the socialist period, falls within such an explanatory model.
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Андріанова, Олена Борисівна, and Світлана Олександрівна Біскулова. "ҐРУНТИ ЖИВОПИСНИХ ТВОРІВ ХХ –ХХ І СТ. ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ, АНАЛІЗ, МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДАТУВАННЯ." Ukrainian Art Discourse, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/uad.2022.4.1.
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Стаття присвячена всебічному аналізу ґрунтів живописних творів ХХ–ХХІ ст. Авторами було узагальнено літературні дані з початку промислового виробництва і поширення різних типів наповнювачів та в’язив, проаналізовано ґрунти датованих живописних творів американських, європейських, радянських і українських художників. Застосування комплексу оптичних та фізико-хімічних методів, які включали оптичну мікроскопію, рентгенофлуоресцентний аналіз та інфрачервону спектроскопію, дозволило виявити основні компоненти ґрунтів та мікродомішки у їхньому складі. Встановлено, що свинцеве білило як основний наповнювач ґрунтів застосовується з другої чверті ХІХ ст. до середини 1920-х рр., у суміші з цинковим білилом виявляється в ґрунтах живописних творів до середини ХХ ст., домішки свинцевого білила іденти- фікуються до початку 1990-х рр. Фабричні ґрунти на основі чистого цинкового білила виготовляються з 1880-х рр. і домінують протягом 1920–2000-х рр. Баритове білило поширене як наповнювач ґрунтів з 1830-х рр. до кінця 1940-х рр., виявлено у композитах ґрунтів на основі діоксиду титану в картинах 1950-х – початку 1960-х рр. Літопон промислово виробляється та використовується як наповнювач ґрунтів протягом 1880–1940-х рр. Композитне титанове білило було ідентифіковано в олійних та емульсійних ґрунтах низки робіт 1940–1960-х рр., з початку 1990-х рр. TiO2 стає домінуючим наповнювачем у ґрунтах. Проведені нами дослідження датованих картин показали, що у першій–другій третинах ХХ ст. у ґрунтах як в’язиво частіше використовуються емульсії, олія та тваринний клей, з початку 1960-х рр. у СРСР поширюються полівінілацетатні (ПВА) емульсії, сополімери ПВА та акрилу у складі фабрично заґрунтованих основ ідентифікується з початку 1960-х і широко використовуються з 2010-го. Впровадження акрилових ґрунтів відбувається у середині 1950-х рр., з кінця ХХ ст. на ринку художніх матеріалів домінують алкідні та акрилові ґрунти. Отримані дані є важливими для мистецтвознавців і реставраторів можуть бути використанні для уточнення датування живописних творів художників ХХ–ХХІ ст.
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REIS, THAYS ASSUNÇÃO. "IMPRENSA DO INTERIOR DO MARANHÃO: o percurso dos jornais de Imperatriz (1930-2010)." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 18, no. 32 (August 11, 2021): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v18i32.860.
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Este artigo apresenta o percurso dos jornais que circularam em Imperatriz entre o período de 1932 e 2010. Trata-se de uma periodização dividida em três fases: Primórdios da Imprensa (1930-1960), Modernização (1970-1980) e Imprensa Contemporânea (1990-2010). A proposta foi construída com base em elementos tecnológicos, no crescimento e na segmentação dos impressos, relacionados às transformações e às contradições da sociedade local. Dentre os resultados alcançados, observamos uma descontinuidade e efemeridade dos jornais, além da falta de materialidade em alguns títulos da cidade.
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Salles, Eliane Brandão, and Ieda de Alencar Barreira. "Formação da comunidade científica de enfermagem no Brasil." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072010000100016.
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Estudo do processo de cientifização da enfermagem brasileira, que comporta a formação de grupos geracionais portadores do habitus científico, e a construção do campo científico da Enfermagem. Tem por objetivos caracterizar as gerações de enfermeiras pesquisadoras no Brasil e discutir a dinâmica do campo científico de enfermagem. Adota como referencial teórico o conceito de geração de Karl Mannhein e Sirinelli; conceitos de habitus e campo, de Pierre Bourdieu. Estudo com abordagem histórico-social. Como resultados foram classificadas cinco gerações de enfermeiras pesquisadoras brasileiras: as pioneiras, dos anos 1950; as autodidatas, dos anos 1960; as acadêmicas, dos anos 1970 e 1980; a geração da produção sistemática e coletiva iniciada na virada dos anos 1980/1990; a geração das pesquisadoras com produção científica internacional surgida em meados da década de 1990. Conclui-se que o processo de cientifização ocorreu segundo as características geracionais da comunidade científica, e as lutas simbólicas ocorridas no campo da enfermagem brasileira.
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Carvalho, Kaio Henrique Adame de, Márcio Lopes da Silva, and Naisy Silva Soares. "Efeito da área e da produtividade na produção de celulose no Brasil." Revista Árvore 36, no. 6 (December 2012): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622012000600012.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a evolução tecnológica da produção de madeira para celulose, para tanto, a produção de celulose de fibra curta derivada do eucalipto foi decomposta em efeito área e efeito produtividade. Para isso foi usado o modelo shift-share com o qual se verificou qual dessas duas variáveis mais contribuiu para a evolução na produção de celulose no país nos últimos anos. Foram avaliados os seguintes períodos: 1960 a 1970; 1970 a 1980; 1980 a 1990; 1990 a 2000; 2000 a 2007 e 1960 a 2007. No geral, foi observado que 1960 a 2007 o principal fator que explicou o crescimento da produção de celulose foi a produtividade, porém o valor baixo para o efeito área foi devido a sua expansão só ter começado na década de 90. Também foi observado que os reflorestamentos no Brasil são muito recentes quando comparado a outros países, mesmo assim o setor de celulose brasileiro conseguiu se tornar competitivo tanto no mercado nacional quanto no internacional.
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Meunier, E. Martin. "Jacques Grand’Maison et la Révolution tranquille." Mens 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 149–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024642ar.
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Cet article porte essentiellement sur la part sociale et politique de l’œuvre et de l’engagement du chanoine Jacques Grand’Maison, de la Révolution tranquille à nos jours. De la critique du cléricalisme et du bossisme de la « Grande Noirceur » dans les années 1950 à la libération culturelle des années 1960-1970, de la critique de la nouvelle classe fin 1970 et début 1980 à celle de la culture de masse dite thérapeutique des années 1980-1990, Jacques Grand’Maison a toujours cherché à établir le dialogue avec les générations qui ont marqué le Québec contemporain. Par l’analyse de l’itinéraire intellectuel parfois sinueux de Grand’Maison, cet article tente de repérer les événements référentiels qui ont contribué à façonner une part de la spécificité de l’histoire intellectuelle du Québec depuis la Révolution tranquille.
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Nunes, Clarice. "Anísio Teixeira’s Legacy to Brazilian Education." Encounters in Theory and History of Education 23 (December 19, 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/encounters.v23i0.15667.
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Analysis of the work of Anísio Teixeira (1900-1971), based on research in his archives that permitted a questioning of the current interpretations found in the pedagogical literature between 1970 and 1990. The focus is on his role as administrator at the secretaries of education of Rio de Janeiro (1930-1935) and Salvador (1940-1950), as coordinator of public organs, particularly the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Educacionais/INEP (1952–1964). His legacy was built amid political-ideological clashes due to his stance in defense of democracy and education for democracy, both in his administrative work and publications. The controversy surrounding the book Educação não é Privilégio (1957) and its nationwide repercussion are examined. Anísio Teixeira and his collaborators built a domain of identification and practice for professional educators, defining the career and producing policy aimed at creating a school system from elementary education to university. Keywords: history of Brazilian education, Brazilian educators, Anísio Teixeira
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Da Silva, Milena Dutra, Alexandre Augusto Bezerra da Cunha Castro, Brunielly De Almeida Silva, José Augusto Ribeiro Da Silveira, and Geovany Jessé Alexandre Da Silva. "CRESCIMENTO DA MANCHA URBANA NA CIDADE DE JOÃO PESSOA, PB." Cadernos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo 22, no. 30 (November 29, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2316-1752.2015v22n30p64.
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<p>Neste estudo, analisamos o crescimento da mancha urbana de João Pessoa, da década de 1960 à<br />de 2010. O crescimento foi classificado como: preenchimento, borda e isolado. O crescimento em<br />borda foi predominante, sobretudo nas décadas de 1960 a 1980. O crescimento isolado ocorreu<br />apenas da década de 1970 a 1990. Já o crescimento em preenchimento ocorreu desde a década de<br />1960, com maior incremento a partir do final da década de 1990. Aparentemente, a dinâmica espacial<br />justifica-se pelo estabelecimento de grandes vias e conjuntos habitacionais, elementos geradores e<br />reguladores do espaço.</p>
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Jafar, Jafar, Haris Supratno, and Setya Yuwana Sudikan. "The Development Ethnic Value of Mandar in Syair Passayang-Sayang." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 1490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.1021.
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The purpose of this study is to find and describe (1) the use of Mandar ethnic values in the Passayang-Sayang songs of the 1960-1970 period, (2) the use of the Mandar ethnic values in the Passayang-Sayang songs period of 1970-1980, (3) the use of the Mandar ethnic values in the Passayang-Sayang song period of 1980-1990, (4) the use of Mandar ethnic values in the Passayang-Sayang song period of 1990-2000, (5) the use of the Mandar ethnic value in the Passayang-Sayang song period of 2000-2010, and (6 ) the use of the Mandar ethnic value in the song of the Passayang-Sayang period 2010-Present. The theory used in this research is the theory of literary geography put forward by Herder, Stael, and Ricardson. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research data are in the form of Passayang-Sayang Mandar poetry texts, informant statements, and facts in the field. Data collection activities carried out by observation and observation techniques, interviews, recording, recording, and documentation. In this study the researcher acted as a key instrument guided by data collection guidelines. Data analysis procedures use the spiral model, while data analysis uses objective hermeneutics. To avoid research bias, triangulation was carried out for each stage of the study, research tools, and clarification of research findings to the informants as poet owners, Focus Group Discussions, and external audits. The findings of this study are the development of ethnic values in the Passayang-Sayang Mandar poem in the form of (16) ethnic values found in the period 1960-1970, (5) ethnic values found in the period 1970-1980, (7) ethnic values found in the 1980 period -1990, (6) ethnic values were found in the period 1990-2000, (7) ethnic values were found in the period 2000-2010, (8) ethnic values were found in the period 2010-Now.
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Gatti Júnior, Décio, and Giseli Cristina do Vale Gatti. "Livros didáticos brasileiros e as ideias sobre direitos humanos, paz e pacifismo (1940-2000)." Revista Educação em Questão 52, no. 38 (August 15, 2015): 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1981-1802.2015v52n38id7969.
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Este artigo visa conhecer os valores pacifistas contidos em livros didáticos brasileiros entre 1940 e 2000. Livros que, segundo Chervel (1990), são portadores de finalidades educacionais. Foram analisadas obras referentes à História Geral e do Brasil, à Educação Moral e Cívica e à Organização Social e Política do Brasil (OSPB). Constatou-se que, entre 1940 e 1970, conjugavam-se ideário liberal e formação moral cristã. Na década de 1980, houve iniciativas originais na disciplina de OSPB. Nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, apesar de maior adesão à Doutrina do Direitos Humanos e à Educação para a Paz, houve enfraquecimento da temática nos livros didáticos.
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Miller, Barbara. "Learned Helplessness and Aboriginal Intra-cultural Crime and Violence." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 5 (1992): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001528.
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The prevalence of violence in Australian Aboriginal communities continues to be a matter of great concern (Atkinson, 1990a; Bolger, 1990; Hunter, 1990; Miller, 1990a, 1990b; O'Shane, 1990; Payne, 1990; Tatz, 1989). In this article, I document the extent of violence in a sample of Aboriginal communities, and briefly review some psychological research that may help us to understand the pattern of violence.
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НАЗАРОВ, Равшан Ринатович. "Корейская диаспора Узбекистана: история и современность." Известия Восточного Института 54, no. 2 (2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2022-2/73-84.
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я. Корейцы, как заметная группа населения, проживают в Узбекистане с 1937 г., хотя отдельные контакты отмечались и ранее. На ранних этапах своего проживания в республике (1930-1950-е гг.) вклад корейской диаспоры заключался прежде всего в развитии сельского хозяйства, особенно – рисоводства. С 1960-х гг. происходит рост корейской интеллигенции, становится более заметным вклад диаспоры в развитие науки, культуры, спорта, общественной жизни. С середины 1980-х гг. возрастает процесс роста национального самосознания диаспоры, активизируется интерес к развитию национальной культуры, языка, ценностей, связей с исторической родиной. С начала 1990-х гг. диаспора выступает важным связующим звеном во взаимоотношениях между Республикой Узбекистан и Республикой Корея. Ключевые слова: корейцы, диаспора, Узбекистан, Республика Корея, история, современность
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Santana, Marco Aurélio, and Ruy Braga. "Brazil." Work and Occupations 36, no. 2 (May 2009): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888409333969.
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In this article, the authors analyze the relationship between labor sociology and trade unionism in Brazil by focusing on its three key phases. Against the backdrop of successive political and economical scenarios, the authors go from the first generation of labor sociologists to the most recent period, trying to identify the transition points in this trajectory. This study develops the hypothesis that labor sociology in Brazil was first characterized by a search for affirmation and professionalization (1950-1960). Later, it developed a strong political—social engagement, and assumed a public character, by claiming particular social identities (1970-1980). Finally, it flowed toward policy sociology (1990-2000).
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Tumbe, Chinmay, and Isha Ralli. "The four eras of “marketing” in twentieth century India." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2017-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the evolution of “marketing” in the public and corporate discourse of twentieth-century India. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws its inferences from an analysis of the digital Times of India and Financial Times historical newspaper databases, the corporate archives of two leading Mumbai-based firms – Godrej in consumer goods and Cipla in pharmaceuticals and oral histories of marketing managers. Findings The paper identifies four eras of “marketing” in twentieth-century India. Era I (1910-1940) saw the emergence of agricultural “marketing boards” and “marketing officers” in the public sector and the growth of Indian and multinational advertising agencies. Era II (1940-1970) witnessed the formation of management and advertising associations and business schools with close involvement of American players. In Era III (1970-1990), there was a paradigm shift as “marketing” grew in corporate discourse and firms began to employ “marketing managers” in “marketing departments”. Era IV (1990-till date) witnessed the explosion of “marketing” in public and corporate discourse alongside the consumption boom in India. The paper shows how “marketing” evolved separately in the public and private sectors and in different phases as compared to that in the West. Research limitations/implications This paper overturns conventional wisdom on marketing history in India, which has so far discounted its significance before 1960 or accorded primary significance to the 1990s’ economic liberalisation programme. Practical implications Findings of this study will be useful to marketing professionals and teachers who wish to learn more about the history of marketing in India. Originality/value The paper uses unexplored archival material and provides the first account on the evolution of “marketing” in public and corporate discourse in twentieth-century India.
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Dubois, Jean-Marie M., and Léo Provencher. "Évolution de la géomorphologie depuis la fin du XIXe siècle." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 54, no. 151 (September 8, 2010): 77–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044368ar.
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Jusque dans les années 1940, ce sont des géologues qui s’intéressent à la physiographie, car la géomorphologie ne fait pas encore partie de la formation universitaire en géographie au Québec. Les premiers départements de géographie sont créés à la fin des années 1940 et les premières publications en géomorphologie apparaissent au milieu des années 1950. Les géographes sont davantage préoccupés par la géomorphologie dynamique que par la physiographie. L’institutionnalisation de la géomorphologie commence au milieu des années 1960 alors que les années 1970 marquent le début de l’apogée de la géomorphologie avec l’expansion du réseau de l’enseignement universitaire et la création de laboratoires, confirmant le passage d’une géomorphologie descriptive à une géomorphologie quantitative. Les décennies 1970 et 1980 sont caractérisées par la prolifération des recherches dans tous les domaines de la géomorphologie dynamique. C’est la période durant laquelle bon nombre de géomorphologues sont engagés par des organismes gouvernementaux ainsi que par des firmes d’ingénieurs et d’environnementalistes pour réaliser des inventaires régionaux. L’utilisation d’ordinateurs personnels au milieu des années 1980 et de SIG depuis le début des années 1990, combinés à de meilleurs outils d’observation de la Terre, a favorisé l’émergence d’une nouvelle géomorphologie axée sur la modélisation des processus. Toutefois, une ombre au tableau demeure : la récente disparition de plusieurs programmes de formation en géographie physique au niveau universitaire. L’avenir de la géomorphologie réside dans une optimisation des outils d’observation, de mesure et de prédiction.
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Bandarra, Leonardo Carvalho Leite Azeredo, and Patrícia Nabuco Martuscelli. "A Institucionalização da Política Internacional Nuclear: entre a Não Proliferação de Armas e a Prevenção contra Acidentes." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 6, no. 3 (February 3, 2018): 543–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2017.v6n3.07.p543.
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No campo da segurança nuclear (nuclear security), a não proliferação de armas atômicas é tema patente desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em especial durante o período da Guerra Fria. De fato, conformou-se, neste momento, um conjunto amplo de regras, normas e organizações direcionadas para conter o avanço das armas nucleares. Essas instituições tornaram-se mecanismos fundamentais no que concerne à condução das relações internacionais contemporâneas. Tendo esse cenário em perspectiva, o presente artigo busca analisar os rumos do regime internacional de não proliferação nuclear desde a década de 1960, destacando as diferenças entre três períodos (décadas de 1950-1960; décadas de 1970-1980; décadas de 1990-2000). Dentre as principais modificações, destaca-se uma mudança de ênfase nas relações internacionais, em direção a aspectos de seguridade nuclear (nuclear safety) principalmente após o acidente de Chernobyl (1986).
Palavras-Chave: regimes internacionais; segurança internacional; não proliferação de armas nucleares, Guerra Fria, segurança nuclear.
Abstract: In the field of nuclear security, the non-proliferation of atomic weapons is a core issue since the end of the Second World War and especially during the Cold War. In fact, during this period, it has been designed a wide set of rules, norms, and organizations, which were directed to counter the advance of nuclear weapons. These institutions became fundamental mechanisms to the conduction of contemporary international relations. Considering this scenario, this article aims to analyze the directions of the international regime for nuclear non-proliferation since the 1960’s, highlighting the differences within three periods (1950’s-1960’s; 1970’s-1980’s; 1990’s-2000’s). Among the main modification, we highlight a change in emphasis towards issues related to nuclear safety, especially after the Chernobyl accident (1986).
Key-Words: International Regimes; International Security; Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; Cold War; Nuclear Safety.
Recebido em: abril/2017
Aprovado em: dezembro/2017
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Silva, Vivian Batista da, and Andressa Oliveira Livério. "A EDUCAÇÃO COMPARADA E SEUS CAMINHOS NA RBEP DESDE 1944: ENTRE ESPAÇOS, TEMPOS E QUESTÕES." Educação: Teoria e Prática 30, no. 63 (August 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18675/1981-8106.v30.n.63.s13502.
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Este texto examina de que maneira a Educação Comparada é discutida na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, em artigos que se utilizaram de questões ou metodologias de análise comparativas. Esse periódico vem circulando desde a década de 1940, reunindo artigos de Educação Comparada com características variadas. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa consistiu no levantamento, organização e análise de mais de 100 artigos ao todo. Entre a década de 1940 e os anos 1970, as referências aos EUA predominaram em textos que mencionaram o país ou alguma cidade, estado ou instituição norte-americana. Dos anos 1980 em diante a tendência foi atentar para outros espaços, sobretudo para a América Latina e Portugal, em artigos que trataram de questões mais atuais. As comparações estiveram presentes em boa parte das páginas da revista, sendo que entre 1944 e 1960 elas apareceram mais do que nos anos 1960 até a década de 1980. Após a diminuição do número de textos de Educação Comparada, entre a década de 1990 e 2015, temos um período marcado pela retomada e crescimento desse tipo de artigo.
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Willems, J. C. M. "Bibliography 1980-1990." Grotiana 11, no. 1 (1990): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607590x00124.
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Lévesque, Benoît. "Les relations internationales de l’économie sociale au Québec sur plus d’un siècle et demi (1840-2008)." Globe 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2011): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000770ar.
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Cet article identifie et analyse cinq configurations dominantes dans les relations internationales de l’économie sociale au Québec pour la période allant de 1840 à 2008 : une première (1840-1880) que nous qualifions d’économie solidaire où prédominent les sociétés de secours mutuel, une seconde (1880-1920) d’économie sociale patronnée où les coopératives s’imposent, une troisième (1930-1950) de coopération d’inspiration corporatiste, une quatrième (1960-1990) de coopération inscrite dans le nationalisme économique et une cinquième (1990-2008) d’économie sociale et solidaire. Chacune de ces configurations dominantes a entretenu des relations internationales cohérentes avec les acteurs sociaux qui les portaient et avec leur idéologie. Les dernières configurations, par ailleurs, ont donné lieu à une ouverture sans précédent sur le monde. Désormais, des pratiques innovatrices circulent à travers les réseaux de coopération internationale, non seulement entre pays du Nord, mais aussi entre pays du Nord et du Sud, de plus en plus sous forme de partenariats dits « égalitaires ». Enfin, en s’institutionnalisant, les relations internationales de l’économie sociale se sont spécialisées dans au moins trois directions: la coopération internationale, la solidarité internationale et la recherche.
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Del Ciampo, Luiz Antonio, Marcelo José Guimarães Junqueira, Rubens Garcia Ricco, Júlio Cesar Daneluzzi, Ivan Savioli Ferraz, and Carlos Eduardo Martinelli Júnior. "Tendência secular do aleitamento materno em uma unidade de atenção primária à saúde materno-infantil em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 6, no. 4 (2006): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292006000400005.
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OBJETIVOS: conhecer a tendência secular da prevalência de aleitamento materno (AM) e o tempo médio de AM entre crianças do Programa de Puericultura de uma unidade básica de saúde. MÉTODOS: levantamento retrospectivo dos prontuários de menores de um ano de idade, matriculados no Programa de Puericultura do Centro Médico Social Comunitário Vila Lobato (CMSCVL) em 1970, 1980, 1990 e 2000, que acompanharam por, no mínimo, um ano. RESULTADOS: foram estudadas 728 crianças sendo 118 de 1970, 193 de 1980, 201 de 1990 e 216 de 2000. O tempo médio de AM aumentou de 48 dias em 1970 para 87, 100 e 111 dias em 1980, 1990 e 2000, respectivamente. As freqüências de AM, que eram baixas em 1970, aumentaram nos anos seguintes, tanto entre as mesmas faixas etárias em cada um dos anos, quanto durante os seis primeiros meses de vida nos três anos estudados. A redução nas freqüências de AM durante os seis primeiros meses de vida foi maior a partir dos dois meses em 1970, dos quatro meses em 2000 e dos cinco meses em 1980 e 1990. CONCLUSÕES: Programas de Puericultura, a exemplo do CMSCVL, representam importante instrumento para a consolidação e promoção da prática do aleitamento materno.
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JASWAL, A. K., S. R. BHAMBAK, M. K. GUJAR, S. H. MOHITE, S. ANANTHARAMAN, and S. BHAGYALAKSHMY. "Development of 1961-1990 monthly surface climatology of India and patterns of differences of some meteorological parameters with respect to the 1951-1980 climatology." MAUSAM 63, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i3.1222.
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Climate normals are used to describe the average climatic conditions of a particular place and are computed by National Meteorological Services of all countries. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommends that all countries prepare climate normals for the 30-year periods ending in 1930, 1960, 1990 and so on, for which the WMO World Climate Normals are published. Recently, Climatological Normals for the period 1961-1990 have been prepared by India Meteorological Department (IMD) which will change the baseline of comparison from 1951-1980. In this paper, preparation of the 30-year Climatological Normals of India for the period 1961 to 1990 and spatial patterns of differences of annual means of temperatures, relative humidity, clouds, rainfall and wind speed from the previous normals (1951-1980) are documented.The changes from earlier climatological normals indicate increase in annual means of maximum temperature, relative humidity and decrease in annual means of minimum temperature, cloud amount, rainfall, rainy days and wind speed over large parts of the country during 1961-1990. The spatial patterns of changes in dry bulb temperatures and relative humidity are complementary over most parts of the country. Compared with 1951-1980 climatology, there are large scale decreases in annual mean rainfall, rainy days and wind speed over most parts of the country during 1961-1990. The decrease in wind speed may be partly due to changes in exposure conditions of observatories due to urbanization.
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Santana, Marco Aurélio, and Ruy Braga. "O pêndulo oscilante: sociologia do trabalho e movimento sindical no Brasil." Caderno CRH 22, no. 56 (August 2009): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-49792009000200007.
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O presente artigo analisa a relação estabelecida entre a sociologia do trabalho e o sindicalismo no Brasil. Isso é feito cobrindo-se três momentos dessa relação. Tendo como pano de fundo as sucessivas conjunturas políticas e econômicas, partimos daquela primeira geração de sociólogos do trabalho até o período recente, buscando identificar os pontos mais característicos dessa trajetória. Trabalhamos com a hipótese segundo a qual, ao longo de sua trajetória, a sociologia do trabalho no Brasil foi marcada, em seus primórdios, pela busca de afirmação e profissionalização (1950/1960); posteriormente, desenvolveu um forte engajamento político-social, assumindo um caráter público e servindo para conformar certas identidades sociais (1970/1980); por fim, teria derivado para uma sociologia para as políticas públicas (1990/2000).
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Biondi, Franco. "Decadal-scale dynamics at the Gus Pearson Natural Areas: evidence for inverse (a)symmetric competition?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-156.
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The Gus Pearson Natural Area is one of the longest maintained individual-based forest-monitoring sites in the world. It is an 800 × 400 m plot established in 1908 within pristine ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws, van scopulorum) forest near Flagstaff, Arizona. I quantified decadal-scale growth trends of individual trees and of the entire stand from timber inventories repeated at 10-year intervals between 1920 and 1990. A mixed linear model for longitudinal data was used to test significance of temporal trends. Stand density increased throughout the 20th century because of successful regeneration pulses, active fire control, and no tree cutting. Aboveground growth rates of the stand as a whole did not change significantly from 1920 to 1990, but individual growth rates declined. Mixed linear model results indicated that decadal basal area increment of large pines declined more than that of small pines. In 1920–1930 large pines were growing faster than small pines, but by 1980–1990 large pines were growing slower than small pines. Since the number of small pines multiplied and the number of large pines changed slightly, I inferred that competition for resources was more detrimental for large pines than for small pines.
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Oliveira Dias, Denise, and Fausto Miziara. "A influência estrangeira nas políticas públicas para o campo- enfoque no centro-oeste." Revista Cesumar – Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): e10446. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9176.2022v27n1.e10446.
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Trata-se de um artigo de revisão bibliográfica narrativa sobre as principais políticas públicas adotadas no Brasil com vistas a favorecer o aumento produtivo do campo, qual seja, do agronegócio. O recorte espacial é a região Centro-Oeste, pelo fator do aumento produtivo da região desde a década de 1970, graças ao efeito da expansão da fronteira agrícola. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apontar a influência estrangeira na formulação das principais políticas públicas destinadas ao centro-oeste, no que concerne ao aumento da produção agropecuária. O problema de pesquisa é ‘Nas tomadas de decisões são mais favorecidas as necessidades regionais, ou os interesses econômicos estrangeiros?’ Como resultados encontrados: 1) nas décadas de 1930-1950, a principal política pública para o aumento produtivo agrícola foi a ‘Marcha para o Oeste’ baseada em uma política norte-americana; 2) nas décadas de 1960-1980, por meio do “Acordo Básico de Cooperação Técnica Brasil- Japão” houve forte influência do Japão no formato das políticas públicas voltadas para a produção agropecuária; e 3) dentre as décadas de 1990-2010 há a participação do Banco Mundial nas políticas formuladas nesse período.
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Leal, Giuliana Franco. "Burguesia e reforma agrária." Tematicas 10, no. 19 (July 27, 2002): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/tematicas.v10i19/20.10963.
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Este artigo pretende discutir, a partir do debate acadêmico das décadas de 1980 e 1990, os significados e as implicações que a reforma agrária poderia ter para a burguesia agrária brasileira, entre as décadas de 1950 e 1990.
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LeBlanc, Marc. "Changement social et délinquance des adolescents, une analyse à la lumière des écrits de Denis Szabo." Criminologie 26, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017336ar.
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This article is about social change and it has Denis Szabo 's writings as a starting point. We compare the 1960 and 1970 affluent society delinquency with the 1980 and 1990 scarcity society delinquency. We conclude that withstanding structural and modal personality changes, the nature and the level of self-reported delinquency of adolescent did not change. We introduce the notions of homeostasis and homeoresis to explain these results.
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Lourencetti, Josiane, Lucas Menezes Felizardo, Glaucia Amorim Faria, Marcelo Marconato Prates, Jefferson Nascimento de Oliveira, and Carolina dos Santos Batista Bonini. "Recursos hídricos em São José do Rio Preto." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 5, 2021): e396101119806. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19806.
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A demanda por água tornou-se crescente em decorrência do aumento populacional e do desenvolvimento agroindustrial. O aumento pela demanda hídrica gera uma maior exploração dos mananciais subterrâneos, visto que muitas fontes superficiais são incapazes de atender a demanda requerida. No trabalho avaliou-se a destinação do uso da água subterrânea, dos poços perfurados no município de São José do Rio Preto, nas décadas de 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 e 2010. Foram utilizadas informações de vazão, profundidade, data e tipo de uso da água de 801 poços. Os dados foram coletados no DAEE (Departamento de Água e Energia Elétrica) de Araraquara e no SIAGAS (Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas). Os resultados demonstraram que o maior número de perfurações de poços, no município, se destinou ao uso doméstico e ao abastecimento público.
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Schneider, Adérito. "Sin City:." História, histórias 4, no. 7 (December 20, 2016): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/hh.v4i7.10933.
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Este artigo parte do filme Sin City: A cidade do pecado (Robert Rodriguez e Frank Miller, 2005) para analisar o conceito de noir. A hipótese aqui é de que o noir é um (sub)gênero cinematográfico/literário construído a posteriori, fruto de múltiplas e complexas influências por meio de um dialogismo tautológico entre diversas linguagens (literatura, cinema, quadrinhos etc.), consolidando-se apenas no chamado neo-noir. Dessa forma, este artigo é um exercício que busca reconstruir brevemente a trajetória do noir, passando pela literatura policial do século XIX, o romance noir dos anos 1920 e 1930, o filme noir “clássico” dos anos 1940 e 1950 para, finalmente, deter-se na análise dos quadrinhos da série Sin City (anos 1990) e sua adaptação cinematográfica no início do século XXI.
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Mackevičius, Jonas, and Asta Šalienė. "Veiklos audito ištakos bei raida pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika 22 (September 21, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2020.24.
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Didėjant poreikiui racionaliai naudoti išteklius, saugoti aplinką bei užtikrinti socialinę gerovę veiklos audito reikšmė didėja. Istorinės jo atsiradimo ištakų ir raidos žinios supratimą apie tai, kas yra veiklos auditas, kam jis skirtas, koks jo atlikimo tikslas, daro platesniu. Straipsnio tikslas - pateikti veiklos audito raidos etapus, reglamentavimą bei ypatumus teoriniu aspektu užsienio bei Lietuvos literatūroje. Tikslui pasiekti taikyti mokslinės literatūros analizės, istorinis, lyginamasis, informacijos grupavimo, sisteminimo ir apibendrinimo tyrimo metodai. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama veiklos audito transformacija iš socialinio audito atliekamo privataus kapitalo subjektuose iki šių dienų atliekamo veiklos audito, kuris yra reglamentuotas ir taikomas vertinti viešųjų subjektų veiklą. Straipsnyje veiklos audito raida nagrinėjama keturiais etapais: 1) 1940-1950 pirmieji bandymai veiklą vertinti net tik ekonominiais, bet ir socialiniais parametrais; 2) 1950-1970 vystosi du požiūriai išskiriant socialinius ir ekonominius parametrus; 3) 1970-1990 atsiranda veiklos audito srities standartai, reglamentavimas, pirmieji moksliniai tyrimai; 4) 1990-2020 koreguojami ir patvirtinami veiklos audito standartai ir gairės, plačiai atliekami moksliniai tyrimai. Kiekvienu nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu vyko skirtingos mokslinės diskusijos veiklos vertinimo ir veiklos audito tema. Taip pat straipsnyje atskleidžiama veiklos audito įvairiapusiškumo problema, kuri sudaro prielaidas tolesniems tyrimams.
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Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, W. T. Chen, J. H. Seinfeld, A. Nenes, P. J. Adams, D. G. Streets, N. Kumar, and D. Rind. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 29, 2011): 24127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-24127-2011.
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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950 to 2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the potential warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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Leibensperger, E. M., L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, W. T. Chen, J. H. Seinfeld, A. Nenes, P. J. Adams, D. G. Streets, N. Kumar, and D. Rind. "Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2012): 3349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3349-2012.
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Abstract. We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950–2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period.
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Алексеев, Г. В., А. В. Смирнов, А. В. Пнюшков, А. Е. Вязилова, М. Ю. Кулаков, and Н. И. Глок. "ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПРЕСНОЙ ВОДЫ В ВЕРХНЕМ СЛОЕ АРКТИЧЕСКОГО БАССЕЙНА С 1950-Х ПО 2010-Е ГОДЫ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"." Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика, no. 4 (2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s2073667321040031.
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В начале 1990-х гг. в климатической системе Арктики произошел сдвиг в сторону потепления, которое сопровождалось изменениями температуры и солености водных масс Арктического бассейна под влиянием возросших притоков атлантической воды, поступления со стоком рек, осадками и от таяния льда. Мы оцениваем изменения в содержании и притоках пресной воды в верхний слой Арктического бассейна от десятилетия к десятилетию с 1950-е по 2010-е гг. и связь между изменениями в Арктическом бассейне и в тропической Северной Атлантике. Полученные результаты показывают, что содержание пресной воды в верхнем слое Арктического бассейна в 1990—2000-е гг. понижалось в Евразийской и росло в Амеразийской его частях. В среднем во всём бассейне преобладал рост из-за большего вклада Амеразийской части, занимающей 61% площади бассейна. Наибольшее содержание пресной воды во всём бассейне получено в 1960-е гг., предшествующие отрицательной солёностной аномалии в Северной Атлантике в 1960—1970-х гг. Сокращение содержания пресной воды в Евразийском бассейне произошло в результате увеличенного с 1990-х гг. притока атлантической воды и осолонения верхнего 100-метрового слоя вопреки росту осадков и речного стока в Арктический бассейн. Накопление пресной воды происходит в круговороте Бофорта и во всей Амеразийской части бассейна. В круговороте Бофорта содержание пресной воды в слое 0—100 м увеличилось в 2000—2010-х гг. на 36% по сравнению с 1970-ми гг. Более всего (на 46%) содержание пресной воды увеличилось в этот период в верхнем 50 м слое.
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De Souza Gomes, Emerson, and Leandro Redin Vestena. "A expansão da mancha urbana da cidade de Guarapuava-PR, entre 1940 e 2016." GEOGRAFIA (Londrina) 27, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2018v27n2p163.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expansão físico-territorial urbana de Guarapuava-PR, entre 1940 e 2016, por meio do mapeamento da ocupação urbana, utilizando-se de diversas fontes cartográficas e técnicas de geoprocessamento. A cidade de Guarapuava é de porte médio e localiza-se na região Centro-Sul do Estado do Paraná, região que apresenta baixa dinâmica econômica e os mais baixos IDH (Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano) do Estado do Paraná. Os dados utilizados para identificação da ocupação urbana em diferentes décadas foram cartas analógicas de loteamentos urbanos registrados, cartas topográficas, fotografias áreas e imagens de satélites. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na integração e processamento dos diferentes dados cartográficos em um SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). A expansão físico-territorial urbana de Guarapuava entre 1940 e 2016 deu-se em três fases distintas: até 1960, de 1960 a 1990, e após 1990. A primeira fase, até 1960 foi marcada por uma urbanização incipiente, com pequena taxa de expansão da área urbana; na fase de 1960 a 1990 por elevada taxa de urbanização na cidade, com significativa expansão das áreas urbanas; enquanto que a fase após 1990 é caracterizada pelo adensamento populacional.
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Fettweis, Xavier, Jason E. Box, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, Charlotte Lang, Dirk van As, Horst Machguth, and Hubert Gallée. "Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model." Cryosphere 11, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017.
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Abstract. With the aim of studying the recent Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) decrease relative to the last century, we have forced the regional climate MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional; version 3.5.2) model with the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis; 1979–2015), ERA-40 (1958–2001), NCEP–NCARv1 (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis version 1; 1948–2015), NCEP–NCARv2 (1979–2015), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis; 1958–2014), 20CRv2(c) (Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2; 1900–2014) and ERA-20C (1900–2010) reanalyses. While all these forcing products are reanalyses that are assumed to represent the same climate, they produce significant differences in the MAR-simulated SMB over their common period. A temperature adjustment of +1 °C (respectively −1 °C) was, for example, needed at the MAR boundaries with ERA-20C (20CRv2) reanalysis, given that ERA-20C (20CRv2) is ∼ 1 °C colder (warmer) than ERA-Interim over Greenland during the period 1980–2010. Comparisons with daily PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) near-surface observations support these adjustments. Comparisons with SMB measurements, ice cores and satellite-derived melt extent reveal the most accurate forcing datasets for the simulation of the GrIS SMB to be ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCARv1. However, some biases remain in MAR, suggesting that some improvements are still needed in its cloudiness and radiative schemes as well as in the representation of the bare ice albedo. Results from all MAR simulations indicate that (i) the period 1961–1990, commonly chosen as a stable reference period for Greenland SMB and ice dynamics, is actually a period of anomalously positive SMB (∼ +40 Gt yr−1) compared to 1900–2010; (ii) SMB has decreased significantly after this reference period due to increasing and unprecedented melt reaching the highest rates in the 120-year common period; (iii) before 1960, both ERA-20C and 20CRv2-forced MAR simulations suggest a significant precipitation increase over 1900–1950, but this increase could be the result of an artefact in the reanalyses that are not well-enough constrained by observations during this period and (iv) since the 1980s, snowfall is quite stable after having reached a maximum in the 1970s. These MAR-based SMB and accumulation reconstructions are, however, quite similar to those from Box (2013) after 1930 and confirm that SMB was quite stable from the 1940s to the 1990s. Finally, only the ERA-20C-forced simulation suggests that SMB during the 1920–1930 warm period over Greenland was comparable to the SMB of the 2000s, due to both higher melt and lower precipitation than normal.
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Knütel, Rolf. "Heinrich Vogt (1910–1990)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 108, no. 1 (August 1, 1991): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1991.108.1.679.
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Weinstock, Jane. "Craig Owens, 1950-1990." Afterimage 18, no. 2 (September 1, 1990): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1990.18.2.3.
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Calvocoressi, Peter. "World power 1920–1990." International Affairs 66, no. 4 (October 1990): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620352.
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Queiroz Junior, Teófilo de. "Ruy Coelho (1920-1990)." Revista de Antropologia 33 (December 30, 1990): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2179-0892.ra.1990.111231.
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