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1
Rani, Mafia, N. M. A. Hadia, Ahmed M. Shawky, Rana Farhat Mehmood, Shanza Hameed, Saba Zahid, Javed Iqbal, Naifa S. Alatawi, Asma Ahmed, and Rasheed Ahmad Khera. "Novel A-π-D-π-A type non-fullerene acceptors of dithienyl diketopyrropopyrrole derivatives to enhance organic photovoltaic applications: a DFT study." RSC Advances 13, no. 3 (2023): 1640–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07291b.
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The investigated non-fullerene acceptor molecules TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, and TM7 that are fashioned by making alterations at the terminal position of reference molecule TMR demonstrate significant absorption in the visible region.
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Leavitt, J., G. Latter, L. Lutomski, D. Goldstein, and S. Burbeck. "Tropomyosin isoform switching in tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 7 (July 1986): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.7.2721-2726.1986.
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We identified six tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms in diploid human fibroblasts. We used computerized microdensitometry of 2-dimensional protein profiles to measure the relative rates of synthesis and abundance of the individual Tm isoforms and actin, the two major structural constituents of microfilaments. In carcinogen-transformed human fibroblasts (HuT-14), the rates of synthesis of three Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, and Tm6) were greatly decreased relative to normal diploid parental fibroblasts and to actin. In contrast, related nontumorigenic HuT fibroblasts which are "immortalized" and anchorage independent exhibited both slight down-regulation of Tm1 and Tm6 and 3.5-fold up-regulation of Tm3. Thus, Tm isoform switching from the predominance of the larger more avid Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, Tm3, and Tm6) to the smaller, less avid Tm isoforms (Tm4 and Tm5) in microfilaments was a transformation-induced change correlated with tumorigenicity in human fibroblasts.
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Leavitt, J., G. Latter, L. Lutomski, D. Goldstein, and S. Burbeck. "Tropomyosin isoform switching in tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 7 (July 1986): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.7.2721.
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We identified six tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms in diploid human fibroblasts. We used computerized microdensitometry of 2-dimensional protein profiles to measure the relative rates of synthesis and abundance of the individual Tm isoforms and actin, the two major structural constituents of microfilaments. In carcinogen-transformed human fibroblasts (HuT-14), the rates of synthesis of three Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, and Tm6) were greatly decreased relative to normal diploid parental fibroblasts and to actin. In contrast, related nontumorigenic HuT fibroblasts which are "immortalized" and anchorage independent exhibited both slight down-regulation of Tm1 and Tm6 and 3.5-fold up-regulation of Tm3. Thus, Tm isoform switching from the predominance of the larger more avid Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, Tm3, and Tm6) to the smaller, less avid Tm isoforms (Tm4 and Tm5) in microfilaments was a transformation-induced change correlated with tumorigenicity in human fibroblasts.
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Nazeer, Khurram, Michael G. Janech, Jim J. C. Lin, Kevin J. Ryan, John M. Arthur, and Milos N. Budisavljevic. "Changes in protein profiles during course of experimental glomerulonephritis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 1 (January 2009): F186—F193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90222.2008.
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Better characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying glomerular cell proliferation may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and yield disease-specific markers. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to generate expression profiles of glomerular proteins in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Glomeruli were isolated from Wistar rats by sieving, and proteins were separated by 2DE. In preliminary studies using normal rats, we identified known glomerular proteins from microfilaments [tropomyosin (Tm)] and intermediate filaments (vimentin and lamin A), proteins involved in assembly (α-actinin-4, F-actin capping protein) and membrane cytoskeletal linking (ezrin), as well as several enzymes (protein disulfide isomerase, ATP synthase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase). Comparison of glomerular protein abundance between normal rats and rats in the early phase of anti-Thy-1 nephritis yielded 28 differentially expressed protein spots. MS analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins including Tm. Altered Tm abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis was confirmed, and specific isoforms were characterized by Western blotting. We demonstrated a complex change in Tm isoform abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. The early mesangiolytic phase of the disease was characterized by decreased abundance of low-molecular-weight isoforms Tm5a/5b and increased abundance of high-molecular-weight isoforms Tm6, Tm1, Tm2, and Tm3. The late proliferative phase of the disease was associated with increased abundance of isoforms Tm5a/5b, Tm6, and Tm1 and decreased abundance of Tm3. Isoforms Tm4 and Tm5 remained unchanged in the course of this model of experimental glomerulonephritis. Characterization of Tm isoform abundance in the course of clinical glomerulonephritis may identify disease-specific markers.
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SALDANHA, DEJANIRA LUDERITZ, MARIA DO CARMO LIMA E. CUNHA DO CARMO LIMA E. CUNHA, and JOSÉ CARUSO MORESCO DANNI. "Identificação de Rochas Ultramáficas por Imagens Digitais TM - Landsat 5 no Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, RS." Pesquisas em Geociências 35, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.17892.
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Principal Components of Landsat TM images were used aiming to identify occurrences of ultramafic rocks in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Principal Component involving the pairs of bands TM1-TM5, TM4-TM2 and TM5-TM7 showed to be the best for the purposes of the study. Field surveys confirmed the results obtained by digital processing of the images.
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Fan, Xinying, Bin Chen, Changfeng Fu, and Lingyun Li. "Research on the Influence of Abrupt Climate Changes on the Analysis of Typical Meteorological Year in China." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246531.
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The conventional typical meteorological year (TMY) based on continuous-year original meteorological records without considering abrupt climate changes (ACC) may not be able to represent a real “typical” climate properly. Consequently, building performance analyses and simulations based on TMY may be not accurate. Current research rarely tackles this issue in TMY development. This paper presents an innovative TMY development with the consideration of ACC in the original meteorological records. It is based on the Chinese standard weather database method (CSWD) with the meteorological records of six Chinese cities in different climate zones. It applies the Moving t-test method to identify and exclude ACC points and to refine the timescales for TMY development. It also depicts the development of individual typical meteorological months again with the ACC impact to improve the accuracy of TMY. The method has been verified in several building energy consumption and thermal comfort analyses. The results demonstrate that the analysis based on the new TMY climate datasets when considering ACC will end up with less energy consumption and better thermal performance compared to the analyses based on the conversion dataset without considering ACC. This experimental research will refine TMY development, and further improve building energy performance analysis and design.
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Zang, Haixiang, Qingshan Xu, Pengwei Du, and Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi. "A Modified Method to Generate Typical Meteorological Years from the Long-Term Weather Database." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/538279.
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A modified typical meteorological year (TMY) method is proposed for generating TMY from practical measured weather data. A total of eleven weather indices and novel assigned weighting factors are applied in the processing of forming the TMY database. TMYs of 35 cities in China are generated based on the latest and accurate measured weather data (dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and daily global solar radiation) in the period of 1994–2010. The TMY data and typical solar radiation data are also investigated and analyzed in this paper, which are important in the utilizations of solar energy systems.
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Zhang, J. T. "Sequence requirements for membrane assembly of polytopic membrane proteins: molecular dissection of the membrane insertion process and topogenesis of the human MDR3 P-glycoprotein." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 11 (November 1996): 1709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.11.1709.
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The biogenesis of membrane proteins with a single transmembrane (TM) segment is well understood. However, understanding the biogenesis and membrane assembly of membrane proteins with multiple TM segments is still incomplete because of the complexity and diversity of polytopic membrane proteins. In an attempt to investigate further the biogenesis of polytopic membrane proteins, I used the human MDR3 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) as a model polytopic membrane protein and expressed it in a coupled cell-free translation/translocation system. I showed that the topogenesis of the C-terminal half MDR3 Pgp molecule is different from that of the N-terminal half. This observation is similar to that of the human MDR1 Pgp. The membrane insertion properties of the TM1 and TM2 in the N-terminal half molecule are different. The proper membrane anchorage of both TM1 and TM2 of the MDR3 Pgp is affected by their C-terminal amino acid sequences, whereas only the membrane insertion of the TM1 is dependent on the N-terminal amino acid sequences. The efficient membrane insertion of TM3 and TM5 of MDR3 Pgp, on the other hand, requires the presence of the putative TM4 and TM6, respectively. The TM8 in the C-terminal half does not contain an efficient stop-transfer activity. These observations suggest that the membrane insertion of putative TM segments in the human MDR3 Pgp does not simply follow the prevailing sequential event of the membrane insertion by signal-anchor and stop-transfer sequences. These results, together with my previous findings, suggest that different isoforms of Pgp can be used in comparison as a model system to understand the molecular mechanism of topogenesis of polytopic membrane proteins.
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Khalifa, Yosof, and Farag Alargt. "The Generation of Typical Meteorological Year for Tripoli, Libya." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v7i1.34.
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In this paper a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) of Tripoli city, the capital of Libya was presented and analyzed using twelve year of measured weather data, this data includes global solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed. Th measurements were taken every ten minutes. Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method was applied to analyze the data and obtain the TMY for the site. Typical Meteorological Months (TMMs) were selected by choosing the one with the least deviation from the long-term cumulativedistribution function. A close-fi agreement is observed between the generated TMY and the long-term averages. Ths TMY generated will be very useful tool for optimal design and performance evaluation of solar energy conversion systems, heating, wind, and other renewable energy systems to be located in this part of Libya.
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Grudzińska, Magdalena, and Ewa Jakusik. "Energy performance of buildings in Poland on the basis of different climatic data." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 4 (February 9, 2016): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16631031.
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Typical Meteorological Years (TMY) were prepared in Poland due to the introduction of obligatory energy certification for buildings. They are based on source data collected by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management from 1971 to 2000. Predictions indicate that until the end of the 21st century, the air temperature will increase. Therefore, the characteristics obtained with the use of TMY may differ from the energy demand of buildings used nowadays. This article compares energy demand calculated with the use of TMY and subsequent climatic data from 2001 to 2012, for three different locations in Poland. The analyses were performed with the use of the dynamic simulation computer program, for typical living quarters in a multifamily residential building with different construction and window orientation. Results obtained with the use of TMY and subsequent climatic data show that the typical years can be used for the evaluation of heating demand. However, cooling demand calculated with the use of TMY was significantly lower in comparison with the mean cooling demand for the years 2001–2012. This may distort the energy needs and indoor environment conditions in summer, and cause discomfort or unnecessary energy use in presently occupied dwellings.
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Pusat, Saban, and Yasin Karagöz. "A new reference wind year approach to estimate long term wind characteristics." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 5 (May 2021): 168781402110212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211021268.
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The typical meteorological year (TMY) method has common applications in building energy performance and solar energy studies. However, there is not any well accepted method for the wind energy applications such as the TMY. In the present study, a new reference year approach is proposed for wind energy applications. By using the proposed method, the reference wind year (RWY) datasets may be generated as in the TMY methodology for any measurement station which has the possibility to be used as a reference station in the measure-correlate-predict (MCP) analyses. The MCP calculations are so significant to estimate the long term wind conditions for a candidate wind farm site. In this study, a case study is performed for Turkey after giving the details of the proposed method. The results for the RWY approach has a good agreement with the long term data as in the TMY method. Therefore, the RWY concept has the possibility to make the MCP studies easier and faster.
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Rodríguez, Francisco, Andrea Castro, Freddy Marín, Gloria Roldán, and Fausto Viteri Moya. "Typical meteorological year based on the precipitation of Nanegalito and Pacto-Ecuador." Enfoque UTE 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v10n1.422.
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The typical meteorological year (TMY) based on daily rainfall data was calculated in the parish of Nanegalito; 12 years were considered, from 2004 to 2015, including both years. For the establishment of the TMY, the Finkelstein-Schafer (FS) statistical equation was chosen, together with the calculation of the cumulative distribution function for each month of each year considered. The weighted sum, calculated from the FS values, was used to finally choose the months that best represent the climatic characteristics of the period analyzed by applying the root mean square deviation (RMSD). Once these values were obtained, the TMY of Nanegalito was estimated based on the precipitation. The determination of Nanegalito TMY may be useful for the management of several processes, in this and other surrounding parishes, as an example, Pacto, such as irrigation planning in crops, analysis in drought risk scenarios, and if other variables are analyzed in the future, they could serve as tools for the study of possible renewable energies.
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Samarai, F., No author No author, Y. Abdulrahman, F. Mohammed, and F. Anbari. "Comparison of several methods of sires evaluation for total milk yield in a herd of Holstein cows in Yemen." Open Veterinary Journal 5, no. 2 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2015.v5.i1.p11.
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A total of 956 lactation records of Holstein cows kept at Kaa Albon station, Imuran Governorate, Yemen during the period from 1991 to 2003 were used to investigate the effect of some genetic and non-genetic factors (Sire, parity, season of calving, year of calving and age at first calving as covariate) on the Total Milk Yield (TMY), Lactation Length (LL), and Dry Period (DP). Components of variance for the random effects (mixed model) were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) methodology. Sires were evaluated for the TMY by three methods, Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) using Harvey program, Transmitting Ability (TA) according to the Least Square Means of sire progeny (TALSM) and according to Means (TAM). Results showed that TMY and DP were affected significantly (P < 0.01) by all factors except season of calving and age at first calving, while LL was affected significantly (P< 0.01) only by year of calving and parity. The averages of the TMY, LL, and DP were 3919.66 kg, 298.28 days, and 114.13 days respectively. The corresponding estimates of heritability (h²) were 0.35, 0.06, and 0.14 respectively. The highest and lowest BLUP values of sires for the TMY were – 542.44 kg and 402.14 kg, while the corresponding estimates for TALSM and TAM were – 470.38, 380.88 kg and – 370.12, 388.50 kg respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients among BLUP, TALSM and TAM ranged from 0.81 to 0.67. These results provide evidence that the selection of sires will improve the TMY in this herd because of the wide differences in genetic poetical among sires, and a moderate estimation of heritability.
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Rudniak, Joanna. "Solar parameters of the local climate during the summer in relation to data from typical meteorological year." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600066.
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Parameters characterizing the properties of the local climate, among them the solar irradiance, as part of the so-called Typical Meteorological Year – TMY, are often averaged and modeled. To determine the actually available solar conditions, it is beneficial to perform additional studies of climate factors in specific locations. The article presents the analysis of the solar irradiance measurements results for Częstochowa, carried out in June, July and August, in different years, in comparison to data from typical meteorological year for this period. TMY developed in Poland as well as TMY from PVGIS databases were used. Due to the occurrence of significant discrepancies in the values of solar irradiance, in the considered large data sets, it was found necessity to update the currently used TMY PL for Częstochowa, which were determined on the basis of data from the years 1971–1991. The analysis also included local sunshine duration and its summer anomalies. In addition, the dependence of solar conditions on the particulate matter PM10 content in the air, which is rarely considered in the summer, is presented.
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Baper, Mevan I., and Hani N. Hermiz. "Non Genetec Parameters and Repeatability for Milk Traits Goat in Northern Iraq." Science Journal of University of Zakho 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.3.612.
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A total of 439, 436 and 437 records of average daily milk yield (ADMY), milk yield after weaning (MYAW) and total milk yield (TMY) respectively were analyzed. Data used in this study obtained from mountain does at private project in Raselain Village/ Akre Region/ Duhok governorate. The data related to two milking seasons (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). The animals were allowed to graze natural pasture and stubble, straw and ground oak acorns were providing whenever required. Does were flushed 2 weeks prior to mating and kidding season. The flock was placed on a regular health program. Does were milked by hand at biweekly intervals starting from the first week post kidding till the does are dried off. ADMY was calculated by multiplying test day milk yield * 2. While TMY calculated by multiplying ADMY by lactation period. Statistical analysis of data was carried out by using GLM procedure within SAS programme. This model includes effects of doe's age, year and season of kidding, birth's type and sex and weight of doe at kidding on milk traits. Effect of doe added to above model as a random effect to estimate their repeatability using Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. Overall means for ADMY, MYAW and TMY were 0.727, 54.49 and 129.32 kg respectively. Results showed that the age of does had significantly higher effect (P< 0.01) on all studied traits of milk. Does aged 4.5 years produce significantly higher ADMY (0.772 kg), and accordingly TMY (136.88kg), while higher MYAW recorded for does aged 3.5 years beside 4.5 years. The effectiveness of year was significant (P< 0.01) on all milk yield traits. Also season of kidding affect all studied milk traits significantly (P< 0.01), whereas the does kidding in winter had significantly higher ADMY, MYAW and TMY than those kidding in spring season. The effects of type of birth and sex of kids were significant on all milk traits. Does with female twins produced significantly more ADMY comparing with does having male or female singles only. Does with female twins and male and female twins produced significantly much MYAW. Does with female twins yield significantly higher TMY when compared to those in the other groups, on the same time there were no significant differences in TMY of does with male twin and does with male and female twin. There was no significant effect of doe weight at kidding on all studied traits and the regression coefficients were positive for ADMY (0.0003 kg/kg), and TMY (0.085 kg/kg) while the regression was negative for MYAW (- 0.0024 kg/kg). Repeatability estimates of ADMY, MYAW and TMY were 0.24, 0.31 and 0.27 respectively.
It sum: due to the effectiveness of the fixed factors on the studied traits, hence adjusting records is necessary. The estimates of repeatability indicate that selection of does as well their kids depending on their milk production will improve the productivity in the next year.
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Ohunakin, Olayinka S., Muyiwa S. Adaramola, Olanrewaju M. Oyewola, Richard L. Fagbenle, and Fidelis I. Abam. "A Typical Meteorological Year Generation Based on NASA Satellite Imagery (GEOS-I) for Sokoto, Nigeria." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/468562.
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Computer simulation of buildings and solar energy systems are being used increasingly in energy assessments and design. This paper evaluates the typical meteorological year (TMY) for Sokoto, northwest region, Nigeria, using 23-year hourly weather data including global solar radiation, dew point temperature, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Filkenstein-Schafer statistical method was utilized for the creation of a TMY for the site. The persistence of mean dry bulb temperature and daily global horizontal radiation on the five candidate months were evaluated. TMY predictions were compared with the 23-year long-term average values and are found to have close agreement and can be used in building energy simulation for comparative energy efficiency study.
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Mourad, K. A. M., and A. S. Khattab. "A comparison between different selection indices for some productive traits on Egyptian buffaloes." Archives Animal Breeding 52, no. 5 (October 10, 2009): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-52-476-2009.
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Abstract. A total of 2 262 normal lactation records of Egyptian buffaloes kept at Mehallet Mousa Farm belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture during the period from 1985 to 2003 were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for total milk yield (TMY, kg), lactation period (LP, day), birth weight (BW, kg) and weaning weight (WW, kg). In addition, eleven selection indices were constructed. Data were analyzed using multi trait animal model (MTAM). The model included individuals, permanent environmental and errors as random effects, month and year of calving and parity as fixed effects. Heritability estimates were 0.172, 0.134, 0.046 and 0.257 for TMY, LP, BW and WW, respectively. Genetic correlations among all traits studied are positive highly significant and ranged from 0.50 to 0.99. Permanent and temporary environmental correlations among all traits studied are similar to genetic correlations, while the correlations between WW and all traits studied are negative. Eleven selection indices were constructed, index I1 which incorporating TMY, LP, BW and WW or index I2 which incorporating TMY, LP and WW are the best (RIH =0.86), both indices are recommended to improve productive traits in Egyptian buffaloes.
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Perras, Sylvain, Ferdinand Bonn, Hugh Gwyn, and Jean-Marie Dubois. "Classification multi-spectrale et apport de la bande TM7, dans la distinction des dépôts meubles de l'île d'Anticosti, Québec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-116.
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The differentiation between various surficial deposits and bedrock on Anticosti Island is difficult because of the dense and homogeneous forest cover and because of the subdued topography. Remote sensing allows us to solve this problem by making use of the physical characteristics of Quaternary deposits and the weathered bedrock, which influence internal drainage and the availability of soil moisture to the vegetation. A spectral simulation of LANDSAT-4 was made using an airborne Daedalus 1260, 11-channel scanner. Several supervised classifications of the digital images were made using test sites studied in the field. Using the raw data from Thematic Mapper bands TM2, TM3, TM4, and TM7, the geologic environments and the ecodynamic units could be distinguished with 70% accuracy. However, the integration of bands TM2 and TM4 with the vegetation index (VI) = [(TM4 – TM3)/(TM4 + TM3)] and the algorithme (A) = [(TM7 − VI)/(TM7 + VI)] resulted in a classification accuracy of 80%. Band TM7 (2,08–2,35 μm) distinguishes itself from the other bands by having a strong reflection over bare bedrock and an absorption by water, which allow the characterization of modern alluvial deposits. The characteristics of TM7 can also be distinguished from those of the near-infrared wavelengths of TM4, which are absorbed by forest vegetation.
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Amin, Amin Mohamed Said, Maher Hassab El-Nabi Khalil, Kawthar Abd El-Mounaim Mourad, Mohamed Khaire Ibrahim, and Ezzat Atta Afifi. "Eigenvector selection indices for improving milk yield and persistency in Egyptian buffalo." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4134205.
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The genetic gains were estimated for milk production and persistency, derived from random regression models, using eigenvector indices, and they were compared with the traditional selection index. The data set contained 4971 test day milk yield recorded for 691 buffalo cows, daughters of 120 sires and 532 dams. The model included the random effects of direct additive genetic, permanent environment and error, whereas the fixed effects were herd test day, year and season of calving and parity, and as a covariate, it was milk days. The first and the 2nd eigenvalues explained 73.1 and 22.9% of the variation of the random regression coefficients, respectively, suggesting that the use of the first two eigenvectors is sufficient. Genetic responses in total milk yield (TMY) based on the first eigenvector index (Ie1) and that based on the conventional selection (IMY) have close gain of about 171 kg in each index. The second eigenvector index (Ie2) showed an increase in TMY (9.91 kg), and thus an increase in the persistency (0.86 kg). The TMY and persistency are the two economically important traits in dairy production, additional genetic gains in persistency and high genetic gain for TMY could be obtained using the 2nd eigenvector index (I*2).
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Khaleel I. Jawasreh and Jalal E. Alkass. "GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF DAMASCUS GOAT IN JORDAN." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1687.
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This study examined the effects of genetic and some non-genetic factors on total milk yield (TMY), test-day milk yield (TDM), pre-weaning (PRMY), and post-weaning milk yield (POMY) using a total of 1167 lactation records of (Damascus) does over the years of 1998 to 2001 at Al-Walla Agricultural Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture. The General Linear Model (GLM) was employed to analyze the data. TMY, TDM, PRMY, and POMY had respective overall averages of 280.3 kg, 1.45 kg, 135.7 kg, and 144.5 kg. Age, doe weight, birth type, and year of kidding all significantly influenced the variables under study. Heritability estimates were 0.22, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.26 for TMY, TDM, PRMY and POMY, respectively. The corresponding estimates of repeatabilities were 0.44, 0.50, 0.32 and 0.33. Genetic correlation between studied traits ranged between 0.52 and 0.91.
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Doroshev, V. D., M. M. Savosta, and P. Novák. "On the magnetic structure of (TmY)IG." Physica B: Condensed Matter 198, no. 4 (May 1994): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)90015-9.
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Potter van Loon, A., D. Chattopadhyay, and M. Bazilian. "Atypical variability in TMY-based power systems." Energy for Sustainable Development 54 (February 2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.09.004.
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Al-Azri, Nasser, and Saleh Al-Saadi. "Variant Developments of Typical Meteorological Years (TMYs) for Seeb, Oman and their Impact on Energy Simulation of Residential Buildings." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 15, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol15iss2pp129-141.
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Typical meteorological years (TMYs) are widely used for the analysis and simulation of energy-intensive systems. The reliability of a developed typical year depends on the accuracy of the historical record of weather data as well as the fitness of the developed approach to the application. In this work, a TMY for Seeb area in the Muscat Governorate, Oman was developed using different approaches. The developed TMYs are compared to the current commonly used TMY which is based on 1985-2001 records that have many gaps and anomalies and hence have intensive interpolation treatment. The different TMYs were compared by simulating energy consumption of a typical residential building and also by studying applicability of passive cooling strategies. The findings showed that the variation in energy consumption is minimal for the different TMY development approaches for the same set of historical records but the difference is very significant when the comparison is based on the two sets from the two periods of records.
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Al-Azri, Nasser, and Saleh Al-Saadi. "Variant Developments of Typical Meteorological Years (TMYs) for Seeb, Oman and their Impact on Energy Simulation of Residential Buildings." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 15, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol15iss2pp29-41.
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Typical meteorological years (TMYs) are widely used for the analysis and simulation of energy-intensive systems. The reliability of a developed typical year depends on the accuracy of the historical record of weather data as well as the fitness of the developed approach to the application. In this work, a TMY for Seeb area in the Muscat Governorate, Oman was developed using different approaches. The developed TMYs are compared to the current commonly used TMY which is based on 1985-2001 records that have many gaps and anomalies and hence have intensive interpolation treatment. The different TMYs were compared by simulating energy consumption of a typical residential building and also by studying applicability of passive cooling strategies. The findings showed that the variation in energy consumption is minimal for the different TMY development approaches for the same set of historical records but the difference is very significant when the comparison is based on the two sets from the two periods of records.
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Li, Hong Lian, Wei Hua Zhang, Xin Yin Xu, Jun Qi Yu, and Liu Yang. "Analysis the TMY Selecting by Different Meteorological Parameters Precision to the Impact of Building Energy Consumption." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2529.
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Meteorological parameter is a basic and direct role for guiding the regional standards of construction and the evaluation of the energy consumption simulation. The outdoor climate condition is a key for architectural design, which depends on the long-term record of meteorological parameters and the scientific processing method of meteorological data. This paper has researched the impact of the generation of TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) due to the precision selection of meteorological parameters through the United States Sandia National Laboratory method. The result shows that taking different precision of the units has a minimal impact to TMY generation when choosing Peking and Lhasa as representive cities. Simulating energy consumption for the same public building in cold region by different meteorological parameters precision, the relative standard deviation was 5.76% and 7.45% for Peking city, and the relative standard deviation was 7.21% and 6.81% for Lhasa. It shows that the selection of TMY with different meteorological parameters precision has a small influence on the building energy consumption.
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Baharun, Azhaili, Siti Halipah Ibrahim, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, and Ooi Koon Beng. "Experimental Validation of EnergyPlus® Simulation of a Single Storey Building." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.82.2011.
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EnergyPlus® simulated indoor temperatures of a single storey building at the east campus of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, for April and June, are validated with measurements taken in 2007.The measured local outdoor temperature was used together with the global solar radiation, wind velocity, relative humidity and cloud cover measured at the Kuching airport to replace the typical meteorological year (TMY) values in the EnergyPlus® weather (EPW) file to fonn a Modified EPW weather file at the time/date of experiments. The remaining fields of the Modified EPW contain TMY data including the direct and diffuse solar radiations and the 'sky's' infrared radiation, which is also present at night.Analysis of the temperatures at the windows simulated with the EPW and Modified EPW weather files for the April and June experiments show the strong influence of the outdoor temperature and importance of the global solar radiation in the weather file and local outdoor temperature is used in the Modified EPW.Day time peak mismatches between the measured indoor air temperature and the indoor air temperature simulated with the Modified EPW is 2 to 3 deg C. These are due to the use of the TMY direct and diffuse solar radiations in the heat balance algorithms at the outside surfaces. The corresponding night time mismatches are less than 1 deg C because the TMY values of the long wave infra-red radiation emitted from molecules and particles in the atmosphere in the Modified EPW are used in simulation.
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Kouzaev, Guennadi A. "Graphene H-Waveguide for Terahertz Lasing Applications: Electromagnetic Quasi-Linear Theory." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122415.
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A novel graphene H-waveguide is proposed for active terahertz components. A graphene film illuminated by strong pumping light shorts the parallel conductor plates. The terahertz modes propagating along this film are amplified at certain conditions. A rigorous electromagnetic (EM) quasi-linear method of analytical calculations of TEy and TMy eigenmodes is used in this paper to select these conditions. Among them is the use of bound TEy modes interacting with graphene plasmons at frequencies of negative graphene resistance, minimizing conductor loss associated with parallel plates, and excluding the current-crowding effect from the waveguide design. The limitations of the used theory are considered, and the applications of this waveguide are proposed.
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Chegini, Arash, Abdol Ahad Shadparvar, Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh, and Behrooz Mohammad-Nazari. "Genetic and environmental relationships among milk yield, persistency of milk yield, somatic cell count and calving interval in Holstein cows." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 32, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v32n2a01.
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Background: Fertility and health traits, other than production traits, have a major role in the profitability of dairy cattle. Therefore, it seems necessary to include the afore mentioned traits in breeding programs. Hence, genetic parameters are needed to establish breeding plans. Objective: To estimate heritabilities as well as genetic and environmental relationships among total milk yield (TMY), persistency of milk yield (PMY), mean somatic cell count (SCC), mean loge somatic cell count (LnSCC), standard deviation of somatic cell count (stdSCC), and calving interval (CI) using two-trait and multi-trait analyses in Iranian Holstein. Methods: The dataset consisted of 25,883 first lactation records collected from 2002 to 2007 in 97 Holstein dairy herds in Iran. Four criteria of persistency of milk yield (PMY) were calculated using the Wood's gamma function. The WOMBAT1.0 software was used to estimate the (co)variance components using the Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results: Total milk yield (TMY) resulted in the highest heritability estimate (0.29). Heritability estimates for different criteria of persistency of milk yield (PMY) ranged from 0.05 to 0.10. The unfavorable genetic correlation between TMY and calving interval (CI) was 0.71, while that of PMY with CI was 0.46. The estimated environmental correlations were lower than the genetic correlations for all traits, but the trends were generally similar. Conclusion: The results indicate that including PMY in the breeding goals could increase TMY and CI, and decrease somatic cell count (SCC).Keywords: breeding goal, correlation, fertility, heritability, Wood's gamma function. ResumenAntecedentes: Las características de fertilidad y salud, además de las de producción, tienen un papel importante en la rentabilidad de los hatos lecheros. Por lo tanto, parece necesario incluir los rasgos mencionados en los sistemas de mejoramiento. Por ende, los parámetros genéticos son necesarios para establecer planes de cría. Objetivo: Estimar la heredabilidad, así como las relaciones genéticas y ambientales entre el rendimiento total de leche (TMY), la persistencia del rendimiento lechero (PMY), el recuento medio de células somáticas (SCC), el recuento de células somáticas de loge promedio (LnSCC), la desviación estándar del recuento de células somáticas (stdSCC) y el intervalo de partos (CI) en vacas Holstein mediante análisis de dos rasgos y análisis múltiples. Métodos: Se analizaron registros de primera lactancia de 25.883 vacas Holstein, recolectados entre 2002 y 2007 en 97 rebaños lecheros de Irán. Se calcularon cuatro criterios de persistencia del rendimiento lacteo utilizando la función gamma de Wood. El software Wombat1.0 se utilizó para estimar los componentes de (co)varianza que emplean el algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud restringida de información promedio. Resultados: El rendimiento de leche (TMY) obtuvo la mayor heredabilidad estimada (0.29). Las estimaciones de heredabilidad para diferentes criterios de persistencia del rendimiento de la leche variaron de 0,05 a 0,10. La correlación genética desfavorable entre TMY e intervalo entre partos fue 0,71, mientras que la de PMY con el CI fue de 0,46. Las correlaciones ambientales estimadas fueron inferiores a las correlaciones genéticas para todos los rasgos, pero las tendencias fueron, en general, similares. Conclusión: Incluir el PMY en la meta de cría podría aumentar el TMY y CI, además de disminuir el recuento de células somáticas (SCC).Palabras clave: correlación, fertilidad, función gamma de Wood, heredabilidad, objetivo de cría. ResumoAntecedentes: As características de fertilidade e saúde, além das características de produção, têmum papel importante narentabilidade das vacas leiteiras. Por isso, parece necessário incluir as características já mencionadas nos sistemas de melhoramento genético. Assim, são necessários parâmetros genéticos para estabelecer planos de melhoramento genético. Objetivo: Estimar herdabilidade, bem como as relações genéticas e ambientais entre a produção total de leite (TMY), persistância da produção de leite (PMY), contagem médiade células somáticas (SCC), contagem média de células somáticas loge (LnSCC), desviopadrao da contagem média de células somáticas (stdSCC) e intervalo de pertosem (CI) vacas Holstein por duas análises de características e traços multiplos. Métodos: O conjunto de dados consistiuem registros de 25.883 vacas Holstein de primeira lactação coletadas de 2002 a 2007 em 97 rebanhos leiteiros em Iran. Foram calculados quatrocritérios de persistência da produção de leite utilizando a função gama de Wood. O software Wombat1.0 foi usado para estimar os componentes de (co)variância que empregam o algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança com informações restritas. Resultados: A maior herdabilidade (0.29) foi estimada para produção de leite. As estimativas de herdabilidade para diferentes critérios de persisténcia da produção de leite variaram 0,05 a 0,10. A correlação genética desfavorável entre o intervalo TMY eo intervalo de parto foi de 0,71 enquanto que a de PMY com CI foi de 0,46. As correlações ambientais estimadas foram inferiores às correlações genéticas para todos os traços, mas as tendencias foram geralmente semelhantes. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a inclusão de PMY na meta de reprodução poderia aumentar TMY e CI, no entanto, diminuir a contagem de células somáticas.Palavras chave: correlação, fertilidade, função gama do Wood, herdabilidade, objetivo de criação.
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Nath, Pratiti, Elizabeth Ngoc Hoa Tran, and Renato Morona. "Mutational Analysis of the Shigella flexneri O-Antigen Polymerase Wzy: Identification of Wzz-Dependent Wzy Mutants." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 1 (October 13, 2014): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01885-14.
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The O-antigen (Oag) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence determinant ofShigella flexneriand is synthesized by the O-antigen polymerase, WzySf. Oag chain length is regulated by chromosomally encoded WzzSfand pHS-2 plasmid-encoded WzzpHS2. To identify functionally important amino acid residues in WzySf, random mutagenesis was performed on thewzySfgene in a pWaldo-TEV-GFP plasmid, followed by screening with colicin E2. Analysis of the LPS conferred by mutated WzySfproteins in thewzySf-deficient (Δwzy) strain identified 4 different mutant classes, with mutations found in periplasmic loop 1 (PL1), PL2, PL3, and PL6, transmembrane region 2 (TM2), TM4, TM5, TM7, TM8, and TM9, and cytoplasmic loop 1 (CL1) and CL5. The association of WzySfand WzzSfwas investigated by transforming these mutatedwzySfplasmids into awzySf- andwzzSf-deficient (Δwzy Δwzz) strain. Comparison of the LPS profiles in the Δwzyand Δwzy Δwzzbackgrounds identified WzySfmutants whose polymerization activities were WzzSfdependent. Colicin E2 and bacteriophage Sf6c sensitivities were consistent with the LPS profiles. Analysis of the expression levels of the WzySf-GFP mutants in the Δwzyand Δwzy Δwzzbackgrounds identified a role for WzzSfin WzySfstability. Hence, in addition to its role in regulating Oag modal chain length, WzzSfalso affects WzySfactivity and stability.
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Gallant, Cynthia, Sarah Appel, Philip Graceffa, Paul Leavis, Jim Jung-Ching Lin, Peter W. Gunning, Galina Schevzov, et al. "Tropomyosin variants describe distinct functional subcellular domains in differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): C1356—C1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00450.2010.
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Tropomyosin (Tm) is known to be an important gatekeeper of actin function. Tm isoforms are encoded by four genes, and each gene produces several variants by alternative splicing, which have been proposed to play roles in motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Smooth muscle studies have focused on gizzard smooth muscle, where a heterodimer of Tm from the α-gene (Tmsm-α) and from the β-gene (Tmsm-β) is associated with contractile filaments. In this study we examined Tm in differentiated mammalian vascular smooth muscle (dVSM). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) analysis and Western blot screening with variant-specific antibodies revealed that at least five different Tm proteins are expressed in this tissue: Tm6 (Tmsm-α) and Tm2 from the α-gene, Tm1 (Tmsm-β) from the β-gene, Tm5NM1 from the γ-gene, and Tm4 from the δ-gene. Tm6 is by far most abundant in dVSM followed by Tm1, Tm2, Tm5NM1, and Tm4. Coimmunoprecipitation and coimmunofluorescence studies demonstrate that Tm1 and Tm6 coassociate with different actin isoforms and display different intracellular localizations. Using an antibody specific for cytoplasmic γ-actin, we report here the presence of a γ-actin cortical cytoskeleton in dVSM cells. Tm1 colocalizes with cortical cytoplasmic γ-actin and coprecipitates with γ-actin. Tm6, on the other hand, is located on contractile bundles. These data indicate that Tm1 and Tm6 do not form a classical heterodimer in dVSM but rather describe different functional cellular compartments.
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SANAD, SAFAA S. "Comparison between different selection indices for some productive traits in Friesian cows." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i3.122272.
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Data pertaining to 3,977 records collected over a period of 29 years for Friesian cows were utilized for the present study. Records were analyzed for actual total milk yield (TMY), 305-day milk yield (305d-MY), lactation period (LP) and days open (DO) by VCE 6.0 software while, selection indices (SI) using one phenotypic standard deviation as REV1 and Lamont method as REV2. Estimates of direct heritability were low and ranged from 0.02 to 0.23 while, maternal heritability were low and ranged from 0.03 to 0.028. The correlation coefficients between all studied traits were highly significant and ranged between 0.82 to 0.93. The results indicated that reducing interval of days open (DO) could be brought about by improving the farm managerial aspects. The selection criteria of different indices proved that the index I1which incorporated TMY, 305d-MY, LP and DO was the best (RIH = 0.49) and (RE % = 100.00). This index could effectively anticipate in genetic improvement of all the traits of the study; I1 = 0.144 (TMY) + 0.503 (305day/MY) + 1. 619 (LP) + 1.150 (DO). The application of this index I1 led to a predictive genetic gain of TMY, 305d-MY, LP and DO by 359.4 kg, 279.5 kg, 15.3 days and 3.2 days, respectively. The correlation coefficient between I1 and the total economic value was 0.49 while, the heritability estimate of the index was 0.86. Conclusively, such an index can help the investor in the field of dairy cattle to select the best animals in early lactation and in subsequent generation’s traits as well; which leads to an increase in economic return.
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Sunnu, Albert K., Abdul-Rahim Bawa, Adams Yunus, Emmanuel A. Sarsah, Joshua A. Akanbasiam, and Philemon K. Mensah. "Empirical Model for Estimating Measured Monthly Average Global Solar Radiation in Lawra using TMY Data." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.1.2975.
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In this study, simple and multiple regression models were developed to estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation in Lawra, Ghana using ground measurement of global horizontal irradiance (Nov 2020–May 2022) and typical meteorological year (TMY) data (Jan 2017–Dec 2019). Various predictor variables such as sunshine ratio, minimum relative humidity and maximum relative humidity ratio, minimum and maximum temperature ratio, etc. were correlated from the TMY data. Many model equations were developed with the variables ranging from one to eight. The best model from each category was chosen and compared using statistical indices to determine the overall best model. We used the JMP statistical software’s ‘All Possible Models’ functionality to select the best model from each category. The selected models where then compared using the adjusted R-squared, mean absolute percentage error, and the root mean square error statistical indices. The best model equation correlated with eight independent variables with adjusted R-squared of 0.99. The equation can be used to estimate monthly global solar radiation in Lawra and in locations with similar climatic conditions where ground measurement of radiation data is unavailable but have access to the National Solar Radiation Database’s (NSRDB) TMY data.
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Yuan, Jihui, Kazuo Emura, and Craig Farnham. "Proposal to Refine Solar Radiation of Typical Meteorological Year Database and Evaluation on the Influence of Air-Conditioning Load." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040524.
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The Typical meteorological year (TMY) database is often used to calculate air-conditioning loads, and it directly affects the building energy savings design. Among four kinds of TMY databases in China—including Chinese Typical Year Weather (CTYW), International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC), Solar Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) and Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD)—only CSWD is measures solar radiation, and it is most used in China. However, the solar radiation of CSWD is a measured daily value, and its hourly value is separated by models. It is found that the cloud ratio (diffuse solar radiation divided by global solar radiation) of CSWD is not realistic in months of May, June and July while compared to the other sets of TMY databases. In order to obtain a more accurate cloud ratio of CSWD for air-conditioning load calculation, this study aims to propose a method of refining the cloud ratio of CSWD in Shanghai, China, using observed solar radiation and the Perez model which is a separation model of high accuracy. In addition, the impact of cloud ratio on air-conditioning load has also been discussed in this paper. It is shown that the cloud ratio can yield a significant impact on the air conditioning load.
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COUCE CASANOVA, ANTONIO, IGNACIO LOPEZ DE ULLIBARRI, MARÍA ISABEL LAMAS GALDO, and JUAN DE DIOS RODRÍGUEZ GARCÍA. "CREATION OF A TYPICAL METEOROLOGICAL YEAR IN SPAIN. STEP BY STEP APPLICATION OF THE METHOD BASED ON UNE-EN ISO-15927-4:2011." DYNA 97, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10576.
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Perceptible acceleration of the climate change process makes it necessary to update climate files, which are used, for example, for energy simulation of buildings. The process of preparing a climatic file associated with a geographical location and referring to a period of time, is a laborious task, which begins with the construction of what is known as the Reference or Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) representative of said time frame. The TMY results from the concatenation of the twelve Typical Meteorological Months (TMM) representative of that cycle: the "best" month of January, the "best" month of February, March, etc. This paper presents an example indicating, step by step, an applicable procedure in Spain for the creation of an TMY, taking as reference the guidelines contained in the UNE-EN-ISO-15927-4:2011 Standard. The description is included of the use of the Finkelstein-Schafer statistic as a selection criterion for the best candidate months (with the novelty that in this work a literal application is made of the procedure) and finally a comparative study that gives an idea of the degree of suitability of the AMT selected according to the Standard. Key Words: energy simulation, reference climatic file, Typical Meteorological Year, UNE-EN-ISO-15927-4
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Adewale, Rilwan O., Oluwatosin T. Onasanya, Oladele A. Oguntade, Babajide R. Odebiyi, Oluseun A. Akinsorotan, Kola S. Olorunisola, Shakiru O. Sule, and Olusesi A. Oso. "Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Selected Microorganisms from Wildlife Geophagic Soil: A Probe of Pros and Cons." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i1.60396.
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The search for novel antibiotics for treating human-wildlife infections has not stopped. This study isolated and characterized bacteria and fungi from wildlife geophagic termite mounds (TMs) using standard microbiological procedure. Four composite samples of TMs evident to be eaten by wildlife were randomly collected (TM1, TM2, TM3 and TM4) in addition with a composite forest soil (FS5) that showed no sign of consumption. With the use of appropriate media, all samples were subjected to microbiological analysis covering morphological, biochemical (for bacteria), colonial and cellular morphology (for fungi). Bacteria and fungi cells isolated and characterized from respective soil samples include; Streptomyces lydicus/Aspegillus niger (TM1), Paenibacillus polymyxa/Penicillium digitatum (TM2), Pseudomonas fluorescens/Fusarium spp. (TM3), Bacillus subtilis/Aspergillus flavus (TM4) and Acinetobacter radioresistens/Geotricihum candidum (FS5), all of which have both beneficial and harmful characteristics. Wildlife may be affected by pathogenic organisms when consuming TMs for medicinal reasons. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(1): 53-58, 2022 (June)
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Mori, Hiroyuki, Naomi Shimokawa, Yasunari Satoh, and Koreaki Ito. "Mutational Analysis of Transmembrane Regions 3 and 4 of SecY, a Central Component of Protein Translocase." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 3960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3960-3969.2004.
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ABSTRACT The SecYEG heterotrimeric membrane protein complex functions as a channel for protein translocation across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. SecY is the central subunit of the SecYEG complex and contains 10 transmembrane segments (TM1 to TM10). Previous mutation studies suggested that TM3 and TM4 are particularly important for SecY function. To further characterize TM3 and TM4, we introduced a series of cysteine-scanning mutations into these segments. With one exception (an unstable product), all the mutant proteins complemented the cold-sensitive growth defect of the secY39 mutant. A combination of this secY mutation and the secG deletion resulted in synthetic lethality, and the TM3 and TM4 SecY cysteine substitution mutations were examined for their ability to complement this lethality. Although they were all positive for complementation, some of the complemented cells exhibited significant retardation of protein export. The substitution-sensitive residues in TM3 can be aligned to one side of the alpha-helix, and those in TM4 revealed a tendency for residues closer to the cytosolic side of the membrane to be more severely affected. Disulfide cross-linking experiments identified a specific contact point for TM3 and SecG TM2 as well as for TM4 and SecG TM1. Thus, although TM3 and TM4 do not contain any single residue that is absolutely required, they include functionally important helix surfaces and specific contact points with SecG. These results are discussed in light of the structural information available for the SecY complex.
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Grayaa, Marwa, Sylvie Vanderick, Boulbaba Rekik, Abderrahman Ben Gara, Christian Hanzen, Siwar Grayaa, Rodrigo Reis Mota, Hedi Hammami, and Nicolas Gengler. "Linking first lactation survival to milk yield and components and lactation persistency in Tunisian Holstein cows." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-153-2019.
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Abstract. Genetic parameters were estimated for first lactation survival defined as a binary trait (alive or dead to second calving) and the curve shape traits of milk yield, fat and protein percentages using information from 25 981 primiparous Tunisian Holsteins. For each trait, shape curves (i.e. peak lactation, persistency), level of production adjusted to 305 days in milk (DIMs) for total milk yield (TMY), and average fat (TF %) and protein (TP %) percentages were defined. Variance components were estimated with a linear random regression model under three bivariate animal models. Production traits were modelled by fixed herd × test-day (TD) interaction effects, fixed classes of 25 DIMs × age of calving × season of calving interaction effects, fixed classes of pregnancy, random environment effects and random additive genetic effects. Survival was modelled by fixed herd × year of calving interaction effects and age of calving × season of calving interaction effects, random permanent environment effects, and random additive genetic effects. Heritability (h2) estimates were 0.03 (±0.01) for survival and 0.23 (±0.01), 0.31 (±0.01) and 0.31 (±0.01) for TMY, TF % and TP %, respectively. Genetic correlations between survival and TMY, TF % and TP % were 0.26 (±0.08), −0.24 (±0.06) and −0.13 (±0.06), respectively. Genetic correlations between survival and persistency for fat and protein percentages were −0.35 (±0.09) and −0.19 (±0.09), respectively. Cows that had higher persistencies for fat and protein percentages were more likely not to survive.
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Vohra, Shabana, Bruck Taddese, Alex C. Conner, David R. Poyner, Debbie L. Hay, James Barwell, Philip J. Reeves, Graham J. G. Upton, and Christopher A. Reynolds. "Similarity between class A and class B G-protein-coupled receptors exemplified through calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor modelling and mutagenesis studies." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 79 (February 6, 2013): 20120846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0846.
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Modelling class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using class A GPCR structural templates is difficult due to lack of homology. The plant GPCR, GCR1, has homology to both class A and class B GPCRs. We have used this to generate a class A–class B alignment, and by incorporating maximum lagged correlation of entropy and hydrophobicity into a consensus score, we have been able to align receptor transmembrane regions. We have applied this analysis to generate active and inactive homology models of the class B calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, and have supported it with site-directed mutagenesis data using 122 CGRP receptor residues and 144 published mutagenesis results on other class B GPCRs. The variation of sequence variability with structure, the analysis of polarity violations, the alignment of group-conserved residues and the mutagenesis results at 27 key positions were particularly informative in distinguishing between the proposed and plausible alternative alignments. Furthermore, we have been able to associate the key molecular features of the class B GPCR signalling machinery with their class A counterparts for the first time. These include the [K/R]KLH motif in intracellular loop 1, [I/L]xxxL and KxxK at the intracellular end of TM5 and TM6, the NPXXY/VAVLY motif on TM7 and small group-conserved residues in TM1, TM2, TM3 and TM7. The equivalent of the class A DRY motif is proposed to involve Arg 2.39 , His 2.43 and Glu 3.46 , which makes a polar lock with T 6.37 . These alignments and models provide useful tools for understanding class B GPCR function.
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BARON, V. S., and SOLOMON KIBITE. "RELATIONSHIPS OF MATURITY, HEIGHT AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS WITH WHOLE-PLANT YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-137.
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Eight six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines were used to study the relationship of whole-plant dry matter yield (WPY), whole-plant digestible yield (WPDY) and percent in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) with plant height, maturity, grain and leaf content at the time of maximum WPY. The study was conducted at Lacombe, Alberta during 1983 and 1984. Whole-plant harvests were initiated at the 50% heading stage of individual lines and continued for seven consecutive weeks. WPY and WPDY attained maximum levels at identical harvest times after heading in all lines and years. In 1983 all lines, and in 1984, six of eight lines attained maximum WPY at the same time postheading (fourth and third harvest in 1983 and 1984, respectively). WPY and WPDY were significantly correlated with days from planting to time of maximum yield (TMY) in both years. Partial coefficients of determination from stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > days to heading on WPY. The effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > IVDOM > days to heading on WPDY, and the effect leaf content was more important than any other variable on IVDOM. It was concluded that late-maturing, tall barley lines having a high leaf content were most likely to produce high WPDY and hence be advantageous for utilization as whole-plant barley forage.Key words: Barley, whole-plant, digestibility, maturity, height
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Lin, C. S., and J. Leavitt. "Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoform 3 from tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.160-168.1988.
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We isolated a cDNA clone from the tumorigenic human fibroblast cell line HuT-14 that contains the entire protein coding region of tropomyosin isoform 3 (Tm3) and 781 base pairs of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences. Tm3, despite its apparent smaller molecular weight than Tm1 in two-dimensional gels, has the same peptide length as Tm1 (284 amino acids) and shares 83% homology with Tm1. Tm3 cDNA hybridized to an abundant mRNA of 1.3 kilobases in fetal muscle and cardiac muscle, suggesting that Tm3 is related to an alpha fast-tropomyosin. The first 188 amino acids of Tm3 are identical to those of rat or rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin, and the last 71 amino acids differ from those of rat smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin by only 1 residue. Tm3 therefore appears to be encoded by the same gene that encodes the fast skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin and the smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin via an alternative RNA-splicing mechanism. In contrast to Tm4 and Tm5, Tm3 has a small gene family, with, at best, only one pseudogene.
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Lin, C. S., and J. Leavitt. "Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoform 3 from tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.160.
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We isolated a cDNA clone from the tumorigenic human fibroblast cell line HuT-14 that contains the entire protein coding region of tropomyosin isoform 3 (Tm3) and 781 base pairs of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences. Tm3, despite its apparent smaller molecular weight than Tm1 in two-dimensional gels, has the same peptide length as Tm1 (284 amino acids) and shares 83% homology with Tm1. Tm3 cDNA hybridized to an abundant mRNA of 1.3 kilobases in fetal muscle and cardiac muscle, suggesting that Tm3 is related to an alpha fast-tropomyosin. The first 188 amino acids of Tm3 are identical to those of rat or rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin, and the last 71 amino acids differ from those of rat smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin by only 1 residue. Tm3 therefore appears to be encoded by the same gene that encodes the fast skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin and the smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin via an alternative RNA-splicing mechanism. In contrast to Tm4 and Tm5, Tm3 has a small gene family, with, at best, only one pseudogene.
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Kalogirou, Soteris A. "Generation of typical meteorological year (TMY-2) for Nicosia, Cyprus." Renewable Energy 28, no. 15 (December 2003): 2317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(03)00131-9.
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Xu, Qingshan, Haixiang Zang, and Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi. "Efficient TMY method of practical evaluation for solar energy utilization." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 7, no. 1 (November 28, 2011): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.21702.
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Lhendup, Tshewang, and Samten Lhundup. "Comparison of methodologies for generating a typical meteorological year (TMY)." Energy for Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (September 2007): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60571-2.
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Mathew, Bijo, Jong Min Oh, Ahmed Khames, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, T. M. Rangarajan, Lekshmi R. Nath, Clement Agoni, Mahmoud E. S. Soliman, Githa Elizabeth Mathew, and Hoon Kim. "Replacement of Chalcone-Ethers with Chalcone-Thioethers as Potent and Highly Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors and Their Protein-Ligand Interactions." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14111148.
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To develop new potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibitors from chalcone-thioethers, eleven chalcones-thioethers were synthesized and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, kinetics, reversibility, and cytotoxicity of lead compounds were analyzed. Molecular dynamics were carried out to investigate the interactions. Compound TM8 showed potent inhibitory activity against MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 0.010 µM, followed by TM1, TM2, TM7, and TM10 (IC50 = 0.017, 0.021, 0.023, and 0.026 µM, respectively). Interestingly, TM8 had an extremely high selectivity index (SI; 4860) for MAO-B. Reversibility and kinetic experiments showed that TM8 and TM1 were reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.0031 ± 0.0013 and 0.011± 0.001 µM, respectively. Both TM1 and TM8 were non-toxic to Vero cells with IC50 values of 241.8 and 116.3 µg/mL (i.e., 947.7 and 402.4 µM), respectively, and at these IC50 values, both significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TM1 and TM8 showed high blood-brain barrier permeabilities in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Molecular dynamics studies were conducted to investigate interactions between TM1 and TM8 and the active site of MAO-B. Conclusively, TM8 and TM1 are potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibitors with little toxicity and good ROS scavenging abilities and it is suggested that both are attractive prospective candidates for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Davis, Perry E., Emily C. Wilkinson, and Robert M. Dores. "Identifying Common Features in the Activation of Melanocortin-2 Receptors: Studies on the Xenopus tropicalis Melanocortin-2 Receptor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174166.
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The interaction between the pituitary hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) orthologs involves the H6 F7 R8 W9 and R/K15 K16 R17 R18 motifs in ACTH making contact with corresponding contact sites on MC2R. Earlier studies have localized the common HFRW binding site of all melanocortin receptors to residues in TM2, TM3, and TM6 that are located close to the extracellular space. The current study has identified residues in Xenopus tropicalis (xt) MC2R in TM4 (I158, F161), in EC2 (M166), and in TM5 (V172) that also are involved in activation of xtMC2R, and may be in the R/KKRR contact site of xtMC2R. These results are compared to earlier studies on the corresponding domains of human MC2R and rainbow trout MC2R in an effort to identify common features in the activation of teleost and tetrapod MC2R orthologs following stimulation with ACTH.
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Bagheri, Ali, Zheye Li, Cyrille Boyer, and May Lim. "NIR/blue light emission optimization of NaY1−(x+y)YbxF4:Tmy upconversion nanoparticles via Yb3+/Tm3+ dopant balancing." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 26 (2018): 8629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04768a.
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A data driven approach provides better understanding of the role of dopant balancing in the upconversion process and presents an effective strategy to enhance the optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles.
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Mendonça, Fábio S., Michael D. MacNeil, Willian S. Leal, Rodrigo C. C. Azambuja, Pedro F. Rodrigues, and Fernando F. Cardoso. "Crossbreeding effects on growth and efficiency in beef cow–calf systems: evaluation of Angus, Caracu, Hereford and Nelore breed direct, maternal and heterosis effects." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz096.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine breed additive and heterosis effects on growth curves, total milk yield (TMY), calf weaning weight (WW), predicted energy intake (EI), and cow efficiency (CE) of purebred and crossbred beef cows raised in Southern Brazil. The data were from 175 purebred and crossbred cows representing eight genetic groups: Angus (A), Hereford (H), Nelore (N), A × H (AH), H × A (HA), A × N (AN), N × A (NA), and Caracu (C) × A (CA). Growth of the cows was modeled using the nonlinear Brody function and machine milking was used to assess TMY. WW was linearly adjusted to 210 d. EI was predicted with an equation in which the independent variables were estimates of parameters of the Brody function and TMY. The ratio of WW to EI estimated CE. Taurine–indicine heterosis effects were significant for all traits, and greater than those for taurine breed crosses. In general, crossbred cows were heavier at maturity, matured earlier, produced more milk, weaned heavier calves, and were predicted to consume more energy. Thus, they were more efficient than purebred cows, despite their greater predicted feed intake. Among the purebreds, A cows matured most rapidly, weighed the least at maturity, produced the most milk, weaned the heaviest calves, were predicted to consume the least energy; and were therefore most efficient among the breeds that were evaluated. These results are useful as inputs to bioeconomic models that can be used to predict productive and economic outcomes from crossbreeding and to facilitate recommendations for beef producers of southern Brazil and other similar subtropical climatic regions.
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El-Raghi, Ali Ali, Mahmoud A. E. Hassan, Ibrahim T. El-Ratel, Nesrein M. Hashem, and Sameh A. Abdelnour. "Sustainable Management of Voluntary Culling Risk in Primiparous Zaraibi Goats in Egypt: Roles of Season and Reproductive and Milk Production-Related Traits." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082342.
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The purpose of the current study is to reconnoiter the relationships between season (birth season, BS, and kidding season, KS), reproductive traits (birth weight, BW; total litter size at birth, TLS; litter size at weaning, LSW; the number of kids dead, NKD, and; age at first kidding, AFK) and milk production (total milk yield, TMY; average daily milk yield, DMY, and; lactation period, LP), with voluntary culling risk in primiparous Zaraibi goats. Records of 637 primiparous does were collected during the period 2008–2014 from a herd of Zaraibi goats raised at the El-Serw Experimental Station, which belongs to the Animal Production Research Institute. Our data revealed that the voluntary and involuntary culling was 89.12% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, the BW, TLS, LSW, NKD, TMY, DMY, LP, AFK had significant effects on culling risk (p < 0.05), while both the season of birth and kidding did not exhibit significant effects on culling risk. The thinnest goats at birth were more likely to be culled compared to those with body energy reserves. Does with weaned twins and triplets kids were 9.5% (OR = 0.905) and 43% (OR = 0.570), respectively less likely to be culled compared to those with singles. Likewise, does with dead twins and triplets kids had 2.566 and 2.138 times, respectively higher odds of culling compared to those with singles. Interestingly, culling risk decreased with 74.6% (OR = 0.254), 79.8% (OR = 0.202), and 75.6% (OR = 0.244) in does with TMY, LP, and DMY more than 230 kg, 260 days, and 0.800 kg, respectively compared to their counterparts (less than 185 kg, 240 day, and 0.500 kg, respectively). Moreover, culling risk increased steadily along with increasing AFK; the animals with an AFK of more than 24 months had 2.974 times higher odds of culling compared to those with an AFK that varied between 22 and 24 months. It could be concluded that the most critical issues for higher culling probability in dairy goats were attributed to the lower TMY (<185 kg) and DMY (<0.5 kg), and shorter LP (<245 days), as well as older age at first kidding (>2 years). This putative information could be used as indicators to enhance the management and genetic approaches in dairy goats and thus sustain productivity with low cost.
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Ortega, Octavio A. Castelan, and Manuel González Ronquillo. "Effects of crossbreeding on milk production and composition in dairy sheep under organic management." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14214.
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The crossbreeding of local sheep breeds with dairy breeds is an option to improve dairy production parameters in organic sheep dairy systems. Weekly milk yield (WMY) was recorded and individual samples of milk for chemical analysis were taken during 17 weeks from 45 dairy ewes of the following three genotypes: 15 East Friesian (EF), 15 EF × Suffolk (EF × SF) and 15 EF × Pelibuey (EF × PL) under organic management. For analysis of the lactation curve the Wood gamma model was used. The effect of genotype on the WMY was analysed using repeated-measures. The comparison of the least square means among genotypes for total milk yield (TMY), daily milk yield, protein content, protein yield, fat content, fat yield, non-fat solids concentration, non-fat solids yield, total solids yield and acidity was analysed using a general linear model. The genetic group influenced only in the ascent phase of the lactation curve, with values of the Parameter b of model Wood higher in EF (P = 0.01). There were no differences (P > 0.05) between genotypes in relation to the WMY, TMY, protein content and acidity; however, the effects of week of lactation trial and the interaction of genotype and week of lactation trial on WMY were significant (P < 0.05). The values of daily milk yield, fat yield, protein yield and total solids yield were higher (P < 0.005) in EF and EF × SF than EF × PL. Fat content was higher in EF × PL. EF × SF had similar values of TMY than EF and better chemical composition, which places this genotype as an option of crossbreeding in dairy sheep systems under organic management with similar agro climatic characteristics to the present study.