Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TMJ syndrome'
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1
McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." University of Sydney. Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.
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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.
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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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Morison, Christopher Neil. "The dynamics of shaken baby syndrome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/64/.
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Shaken Baby Syndrome is a form of child abuse estimated to occur to one in 20,000 babies and presumed to occur when a carer cannot cope with a constantly crying child and so gives it a sharp shake. This causes the brain to move within the skull, stretching and possibly tearing the veins that bridge the fluid filled gap. To better understand this condition, experiments were performed to measure the mechanical properties of bridging veins followed by detailed mathematical modelling of the motion of a baby’s brain in response to shaking. Few finite element models of shaken baby syndrome exist, and those either ignore the fluid surrounding the brain or model it as a soft solid. The importance of modelling the fluid properly is demonstrated, and the reliability of MSC.Dytran’s fluid-solid interaction modelling is confirmed. The first three-dimensional finite element model of shaken baby syndrome which accurately includes the cerebrospinal fluid is created and used to estimate tolerance criteria for causing subdural haematoma by shaking. This research concludes that shaking of a baby could produce bridging vein strain close to the tolerance for failure and hence should be considered a possible cause of subdural haematoma.
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Mangier, Mélanie. "Physiopathologie des glomérulopathies : rôle de c-mip et conséquences de son invalidation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0040.
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L'apparition d'une protéinurie néphrotique constitue un effet secondaire aux thérapies ciblées anti-angiogéniques utilisées en oncologie (anti-VEGF ligand et les inhibiteurs de récepteurs tyrosine kinase). Dans ces travaux, nous avons étudié 29 patients traités par ces thérapies. 8 d'entre eux ont développé des lésions glomérulaires minimes ou hyalinose segmentaire et focale (LGM/HSF) majoritairement suite au traitement par les inhibiteurs des récepteurs tyrosine kinases (RTKIs) et 13 présentaient principalement des lésions de microangiopathie thrombotique (MAT) après thérapie anti-VEGF ligand. Dans cette étude, nous avons mis en évidence que c-mip est un acteur majeur du développement de protéinurie néphrotique consécutive aux traitements par les RTKIs. En effet, le Sorafenib (RTKI) induit l’expression de c-mip en inhibant l’activité de RelA et ce mécanisme serait impliqué dans le déclenchement des lésions LGM/HSF. Le rôle de c-mip dans la physiopathologie des podocytopathies acquises nous a conduit à générer un modèle murin d'invalidation de c-mip, conditionnelle et spécifique du podocyte. Les souris déficientes pour c-mip ont été étudiées dans deux modèles expérimentaux de protéinurie, induits par le LPS et le Sorafenib, respectivement. Dans les deux modèles, la protéinurie était significativement atténuée chez les souris déficientes avec préservation de l'architecture glomérulaire en comparaison des souris témoins. Le sorafenib a entraîné chez les souris témoins des lésions glomérulaires caractérisées par des rétractions du floculus, des thrombi intraglomérulaires et des lésions podocytaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que le sorafenib constitue un nouveau modèle murin d'induction d'une glomérulopathie expérimentale et que l'invalidation de c-mip spécifiquement dans le podocyte confèrerait une résistance au développement de protéinurie et de lésions rénales, suggérant que c-mip serait une cible thérapeutique potentielleNephrotic proteinuria constitutes a serious side effect of anti-angiogenic therapies commonly used in oncology (anti-VEGF and tyrosine kinase receptorinhibitors, RTKI). In this work, we studied 29 patients treated by anti-angiogenic therapies. Eight of them developed minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (MCNS/FSGS), mainly after RTKI treatment, and 13 underwent thrombotic microangiopathy lesions, mostly associated with anti-VEGF ligand therapy. C-mip overexpression was strongly related to the onset of nephrotic proteinuria after RTKI. Sorafenib (RTKI) induced c-mip expression by inhibiting RelA activity, ultimately leading to MCNS/FSGS. To confirm and clarify the pathophysiological role of c-mip in acquired podocytopathies, we generated a conditional, podocyte-specific c-mip knock-out mouse model. C-mip knockout mice were subjected to two experimental models of proteinuria, induced by LPS and Sorafenib, respectively. In each model, proteinuria was significantly decreased in cmip-invalidated mice, while glomerular architecture was preserved as compared to control mice. In the latter, Sorafenib led to glomerular tuft retractions, intraglomerular thrombi and podocyte lesions. This is suggested as the first experimental model of RTKI-induced glomerulopathy. Moreover, the podocyte specific knock out of c-mip confers resistance to proteinuria and renal injury, confirming c-mip as a potential therapeutic target in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
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Restle, Florian [Verfasser]. "Plastische Veränderungen des motorischen Kortex nach BIG-Physiotherapie bei Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom : eine TMS-Studie / Florian Restle." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071088653/34.
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Kloppers, Jean Rial. "A randomised controlled trial of Absorbatox TM C35 in irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study / Jean Rial Kloppers." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4212.
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Maple, Laura. "Botulinum Toxin for NON-Surgical Lateral Release in Subjects with Patellofemoral Pain." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1923.
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Previous studies for treating Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) are controversial regarding the effectiveness in alleviating anterior knee pain (AKP). The muscular imbalance between the vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis (VMO/VL) may be the underlying mechanical issue causing PFPS. It is hypothesized that Botox can decrease the force production capability of the lateral musculature mechanically similar to surgery. Strengthening the VMO while using Botox treatment can alleviating the muscular imbalance that occurs with subjects with PFPS. A double blind study, having all participants blinded and uninformed of the injection contents, was implemented to test this hypothesis testing three female subjects. Four knees were treated. One subject received the Botox treatment and serially a placebo injection in the other limb. Two other subjects received placebo injections. EMG was executed to evaluate functional testing and the performance of the injections during extension exercises. Electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the muscle groups while the subjects performed forceful knee extension activities on an isokinetic dynamometer. In addition, kinetic jump data and self-reports of pain and activity were collected. Data were collected four times during a 12-week period. The subject who received Botox injections expressed a significant decrease in reported PFP and an increase in daily activities. Botox was safe and effective in eliminating anterior knee pain. The VMO and VL resulted in similar fatigue indices at the completion of the 12- week study. The VMO and VL both resisted fatigue during at week 12.
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Guaré, Renata de Oliveira. "Avaliação de alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas durante a remoção de tecido cariado através dos métodos mecânico e químico-mecânico (CARISOLV TM ) em crianças com Síndrome de Down." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-02032005-180506/.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas durante a remoção de tecido cariado através dos métodos mecânico e químico-mecânico (CARISOLV TM ), sob anestesia local com lidocaína a 2% sem vasoconstritor, em crianças com Síndrome de Down. O estudo foi realizado em 20 crianças ASA I, sendo 10 crianças com Síndrome de Down (grupo experimental) e 10 crianças normais (grupo controle), de 5 a 12 anos de idade. Foram realizadas avaliações comportamentais, através do índice de Venham modificado e mensurações automáticas (Criticaire System® - Scholar II) dos seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica e saturação de oxigênio, e comparados aos valores basais. A avaliação dos parâmetros comportamentais e fisiológicos ocorreram em 5 fases: (1) 5 minutos antes da anestesia local; (2) durante a anestesia local; (3) durante a remoção do tecido cariado; (4) imediatamente após a restauração e (5) 5 minutos após o término do procedimento. A fase de remoção do tecido cariado apresentou a maior alteração comportamental e fisiológica para todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto para a saturação de oxigênio. Em relação à alteração comportamental não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (significantes a 5 %)entre os tipos de tratamento para a remoção do tecido cariado em ambos os grupos. Em relação à freqüência cardíaca, houve diferença estatisticamente significante (significantes a 1 %) entre os grupos e o tipo de remoção do tecido cariado. Nas crianças normais (grupo controle) houve diminuição da freqüência cardíaca com a remoção químico-mecânica e aumento da freqüência cardíaca com a remoção mecânica do tecido cariado. Nas crianças com Síndrome de Down (grupo experimental) houve aumento da freqüência cardíaca com a remoção químico-mecânica e diminuição da freqüência cardíaca com a remoção mecânica do tecido cariado. Em relação à pressão arterial sistólica, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos avaliados e o tipo de remoção do tecido cariado. Em relação à pressão arterial diastólica e saturação de oxigênio não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao tipo de remoção do tecido cariado.The aim of this study was to assess the behavior and physiological alterations observed in Down Syndrome children during caries removal using the mechanical or the chemo-mechanical (Carisolv TM ) methods and a 2% lidocaine anesthesia without vasoconstrictor. The study was conducted in 20 ASA I children between 5 and 12 years of age, being 10 with Down Syndrome (experimental group) and 10 normal children (control group). Behavior alterations were observed using the modified Venham index. The following physiological parameters were measured automatically using a Criticaire System® - Scholar II: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation. The behavior and physiological assessment were performed in 5 stages of caries removal: (1) 5 minutes before local dental anesthesia; (2) during local dental anesthesia; (3) during caries removal; (4) immediately after restoration; and (5) 5 minutes after the end of the treatment. The physiological parameters observed during caries removal were compared to the childs baseline measurements. The phase of caries removal showed the greatest alteration in the behavior and all physiological aspects, except for oxygen saturation. No significant difference was found in the behavior alterations between the two groups (p > 0.05). Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups and the caries removal method in relation to the heart rate (p < 0.01). In the control group (normal children), the heart rate decreased during the chemo-mechanical caries removal method and increased when only the mechanical method was used. In the Down Syndrome group (experimental group), the opposite occurred, heart rate increased when the chemo-mechanical method of caries removal was used and decreased with the mechanical method. No statistical significant difference was observed between the two groups of children and the two caries removal methods studied in relation to oxygen saturation and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Goldthorpe, Joanna. "Developing and evaluating a complex intervention to treat chronic orofacial pain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-and-evaluating-a-complex-intervention-to-treat-chronic-orofacial-pain(29158f44-c916-41c4-a84f-c6481437dc9e).html.
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Introduction: Chronic orofacial pain (COFP) is distressing and disabling to sufferers and can be costly to patients, health services and society. Frequently, no underlying medical pathology can be found to account for the condition. Despite this, patients are treated according to a biomedical model, often by mechanistic and invasive procedures, which tend to be unsuccessful and not evidence based. Evidence suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based management may produce improved outcomes for patients. However, published studies can tell us little about which intervention components are effective, or recommend an optimum way for these components to be applied. Aim: To develop an evidence based intervention for the management of COFP that is feasible and acceptable to patients and practitioners. Method: The Medical Research Council’s guidelines for developing complex interventions were used as a framework for the research. Evidence from multiple sources was synthesised to produce the draft components of an intervention to manage COFP. An exploratory trial investigated preliminary outcomes, acceptability, feasibility and explored parameters for a full scale randomised control trial. Results: The intervention was acceptable to participants and could be feasibly implemented. No conclusions could be drawn relating to the effectiveness of the intervention. Participants were not affected at baseline for a number of outcomes, which implies that cut off points should be introduced into the inclusion and exclusion criteria of any future studies. Conclusion: The study produced an intervention which is acceptable and feasible to participants, however it is not known if it is effective. A number of recommendations are made for progression to a larger, definitive trial.
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CRIVELLI, DAVIDE. "Agentività in interazione. Neuropsicologia delle affordances sociali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1736.
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Le interazioni sociali richiedono che un agente sia in grado di selezionare ed elaborare informazioni ambientali rilevanti, che sia situato in un contesto complesso, e che interagisca con altri agenti, rispettando le opportunità e i vincoli di contesto. Riconoscere noi stessi e gli altri come agenti intenzionali è un passaggio cruciale per il processo generale di comprensione sociale e, in particolare, per la nostra capacità di percepire le intenzioni e gli scopi altrui. Tali competenze sociali sostengono il nostro sviluppo fisico, cognitivo e affettivo promuovendo interazioni adattive. Di conseguenza, una disfunzione di tali competenze può compromettere gravemente l’autonomia e la qualità di vita. Si ritiene che un sistema distribuito medi la percezione di agentività e degli stati mentali altrui, ma la struttura interna dei processi che costituiscono la nostra capacità di comprendere i nostri simili e di interagire adeguatamente è tuttora per buona parte sconosciuta. Il progetto ha come obiettivo indagare le fasi iniziali di tali processi e, in particolare, l’elaborazione precoce di cues sociali (social affordances) per la detezione di agentività e opportunità d’interazione in contesti sociali. È strutturato in tre studi principali: il primo mira a esplorare i correlati elettrofisiologici (ERPs e dati di source localization) dell’elaborazione di informazioni visive per la detezione di agentività in interazione; il secondo mira a indagare possibili marcatori (ERPs) del profilo delle competenze di comprensione sociale associate alla sindrome di Williams; il terzo ha testato, tramite TMS, il ruolo causale di rTPJ nel mediare l’elaborazione pre-riflessiva di agentività e intenzionalità nel comportamento osservato.Social interactions require an agent to be able to select and process relevant environmental information, to be situated in a complex context and to interact with other agents, according to the opportunities and boundaries of that context. Sensing ourselves and detecting others as intentional agents is a crucial step for the overall social understanding process and, in particular, for our ability to perceive others’ intentions and goals. Those social skills foster our physical, cognitive and affective development by promoting adaptive interactions. Consequently, a dysfunction of such skills can seriously affect the autonomy and quality of life. A distributed system is thought to subserve the perception of agency and others’ mental states, but the internal structure of processes that constitute our ability to understand our similars and interact adequately is still largely unknown. This project aimed at investigating early stages of those processes and, in particular, the initial elaboration of social cues (social affordances) for the detection of agentivity and opportunities for interaction in social situations. It is structured in three main empirical studies: the first one aimed at looking electrophysiological correlates (ERPs and source localization data) of visual information processing for the detection of agency in interactions; the second one aimed at looking for possible markers (ERPs) of the uneven profile of basic WS social understanding; the third one tested the causal role of rTPJ in mediating pre-reflective processing of agency and intentionality from observed behaviour by means of TMS.
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Bibiloni, Esteva Maria del Mar. "Estudi de la prevalença de l'obesitat juvenil a les illes Balears." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84114.
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Shumaker, Peter E. "The prevalence of TMJ dysfuntion (PRI) in restored patients a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... restorative dentistry ... /." 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=ME8_AAAAMAAJ.
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Greenberg, Mitchell Joseph. "Diagnosing TMJ clicking using pantographic tracings recorded at tooth contact a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... restorative dentistry (crown and bridge) /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68788520.html.
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Sidelsky, Harris. "A study of joint sounds and establishment of a TMJ dysfunction free population (PRI) a thesis submitted in partial fulfilllment ... restorative dentistry ... /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68790315.html.
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Dirani, Samer George. "The effect of biofeedback on TMJ dysfunction as determined by the Pantronic PRI a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... in restorative dentistry ... /." 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=OJ89AAAAMAAJ.
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Huyser, David J. "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with TMJ muscle pain dysfunction a double blind clinical trial : a master's thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... occlusion ... /." 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=g3E9AAAAMAAJ.
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Lee, You-Sik. "Classification, coding and data-base storage of signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction for the creation of disease profiles a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... restorative dentistry, occlusion ... /." 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=hHE9AAAAMAAJ.
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Leknius, Casimir. "Pharmacologic effects on the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction as quantified by the pantographic reproducibility index (PRI) a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... restorative dentistry ... /." 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=S989AAAAMAAJ.
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Poacher, Elizabeth. "The relative effectiveness of three treatment protocols in the management of temporomandibular disorder." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/671.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.The relationship between TMD and dysfunction in the cervical spine has been reported in the literature and there are many case studies which have shown favourable results when treatment was aimed at the TMJ, cervical spine relationship. However, the numerous TMD treatment protocols described in the literature concerning this relationship, and the effectiveness of these treatments have not been well established. In spite of this many chiropractors treat TMD. TMD is a multifactoral condition and conservative treatment options need to be further investigated in order to determine if manual interventions directed at the cercival spine in the treatment of TMD are beneficial. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare myofascial trigger point therapy and manipulative therapy of either the TMJ, cervical spine or a combination of the two in order to determine their effectiveness for the TMD. Method: Thirty participants with TMD were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Participants in each group received two treatments per week for two weeks with a follow up consultation in the third week. Data were collected before the commencement of the first, second, and fourth treatments and at the follow up consultation. Outcome measures included algometer readings, CROM, Mouth opening readings, NRS and a disability questionnaire. SPSS version 15.0 was used for analysis of the data. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Multivariate testing was used for intra- and inter-group comparisons. Profile plots were generated to assess the direction and trend of the effect and to visually compare the trends in the different treatment groups. Results: Inter-group comparisons did not reveal any statistically significant different improvements between the three treatment groups. Conclusion: All groups responded favourably to treatment and showed trends towards improvement. However, statistically analysis revealed that no one treatment protocol was superior to the other. Although no definitive inferences may be drawn regarding the effectiveness of each treatment approach, within group trends indicated that the combination of the two treatment approaches may be preferred.
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Yen, Hung-Cheng, and 顏宏城. "Bioinformatic approaches to study thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV TK-TMK)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x7js2h.
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碩士國立交通大學
生物資訊研究所
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The crustacean-infected white spot syndrome (WSS) has widely distributed in most Asian countries as well as in the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast USA, where penaeid shrimps were cultured. It is an economically significant shrimp disease, which causes high shrimp mortalities and severe damage to shrimp cultures. The disease is caused by a virus called white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A goal to kill white spot syndrome virus is to exploit a biochemical difference between the infected virus and the host tissue in order to interfere selectively with the infected process. Thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase play crucial roles in pyrimidine salvage pathway and fulfill the requirement for developing virus specific chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, bioinformatic strategies include homology simulation and ligand docking, using the human thymidinylate kinase (PDB code: 1NMZ) as template, have been successfully applied to construct WSSV-TMK homology model and utilized for screening fitness compounds for antiviral drugs application. Fifty compounds were sifted out from the MDDR and CMC databases, respectively, based on the GOLD docking program. In parallel, the WSSV-tktmk gene has been successfully amplified from the virus genome, over-expressed as a fusion to the maltose-binding protein (MBP), and purified by amylase affinity column as a ~85 kDa MBP-TK-TMK fusion protein. The peptide mapping coupled with tandem mass spectrometric determination identified nine peptides, which correspond to the WSSV-TK-TMK protein, thus confirmed its identity. However, the purified TK-TMK showed little enzymatic activity toward its native substrate, deoxythymidine or thymidine monophosphate. Thus, in combination of bioinformatics and molecular biology approaches will enable us to predict protein structure, perform ligand docking for virtual inhibitor screening, analyze the enzymatic activity of the target protein, and finally reach the goal for discovery of efficacious inhibitor of WSSV TK-TMK.
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Leisegang, Kristian. "The effect of insulin, leptin and inflammatory cytokines on reproductive health and hypogonadism in males diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3602.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of various metabolic, hormonal and immunological risk factors that cluster together, closely related to poorly understood phenomena such a hyperinsulinaemia (insulin resistance), hyperleptinaemia (leptin resistance), a low grade, systemic and chronic inflammation and, in males, hypogonadism. Infertility is increasing globally, and male factor infertility accounts for a large percentage of couples who are not able to conceive. The relationship between components of MetS and male reproductive health is not clear, and requires further investigation, as does the impact of MetS on male reproductive health in a case controlled study. The impact of hyperinsulinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and inflammatory cytokines on the male reproductive tract also requires investigation. Furthermore, it is hypothesised that these phenomena negatively impact steroidogenesis cascades. In order to investigate this, a case controlled study and TM3 Leydig cell culture experiments were designed.Participants were recruited from public advertisements, and screened for strict exclusion criteria, including acute or chronic inflammation, hormonal treatments, vasectomy and leukocytospermia (> 106/ml). Following clinical diagnostics, 78 males were either placed into a control group (CG) or the MetS group, with numerous parameters compared between them. Serum was assayed for routine risk markers including HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP). Saliva was assayed for free testosterone and progesterone. Semen samples underwent semen analysis for ejaculation volume, sperm concentration and motility, vitality, morphology and leukocyte concentration, in addition to mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation (DF). Both serum and seminal fluid were further assayed for insulin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF ) and interleukins 1-beta (IL1 ), 6 (IL6) and 8 (IL8). Glucose was also assayed in seminal fluid. Separately, hCG stimulated TM3 Leydig cells were exposed to varying concentrations of insulin (0.01, 0.1, 1 & 10 pg/ml), TNF , IL1 , IL6 and IL8 (0.1, 1, 10 & 100 pg/ml) for 48 hours at optimal cell culture conditions. TM3 cell viability, protein concentration and testosterone and progesterone concentrations were assessed.XXII Results indicated that males in the MetS group (n=34) had significantly increased body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and Creactive protein (CRP) with decreased HDL cholesterol, as compared to the CG. Furthermore, ejaculation volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive and total motility were significantly decreased in the MetS group, and sperm with abnormal MMP and DF were increased in this group. No difference was found for morphology. Serum and seminal insulin, leptin, TNF , IL1 , IL6 and IL8 were all significantly increased in the MetS group. Both testosterone and progesterone were also significantly decreased in the MetS group. Insulin increased testosterone and decreased progesterone in the TM3 cells. TNF , IL1 and IL6 all decreased testosterone and progesterone concentrations and TM3 cell viability. IL8 increased TM3 cell viability and decreased progesterone, will no effect on testosterone. These results suggest MetS is associated with decreased fertility potential in males. Furthermore, a significant increase in seminal insulin, leptin, TNF , IL1 , IL6 and IL8 suggests local reproductive tract inflammation in the absence of leukocytospermia. Strong correlations between serum and seminal insulin, leptin, TNF , IL1 , IL6 and IL8, as well as serum CRP, imply that these systemic phenomenons are related to the reproductive tract changes observed. Therefore, the underlying pathophysiology of MetS negatively affects male reproduction, in addition to general health and wellbeing. A decrease in progesterone and testosterone suggests a collapse in steroidogenesis cascades. Additionally, inflammation, increased leptin and insulin resistance likely contribute to this collapse in steroidogenesis based on TM3 cell culture experiments. These results provide novel avenues for further investigations.
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Van, der Colff Hyla. "Knowledge and practices of myofascial pain syndrome of the temporomandibular joint by dentists in the Greater eThekwini region." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/3070.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect up to fifteen percent of adults. It produces craniofacial pain of musculoskeletal structures within the head and neck. One particular cause of TMDs is said to be myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS), which according to various research papers, if not considered and/or assessed, the general cause of a patient’s pain could be disregarded and incorrect treatment offered. Numerous studies conducted internationally on dental management of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) concluded that there is a significant gap in dentists’ education and training regarding the identification and management of MFPS. Upon reviewing the current literature available in South Africa, very little research existed on dentists’ knowledge and the management strategies that they utilised regarding MFPS in TMJD patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine the dentists’ knowledge regarding MFPS of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). What assessment and treatment/management strategies they use, and whether they make use of referral networks and if the respondents’ demographics influence their knowledge, utilisation, perception and referral patterns. METHODOLOGY: The researcher developed a research questionnaire, which was validated by both an expert and a pilot study group. This questionnaire was then used as a research tool in this cross-sectional study. General dental practitioners from the Greater eThekwini Region received an invitation to participate. The questionnaire-based survey consisted of five sections: biographical profile of respondents; topic background; perception; knowledge; utilisation and management (including referral patterns) of MFPS. RESULTS: The majority of respondents did receive basic education in MFPS, with 76.9% reporting that they received undergraduate education and 57.7% indicating that they had attended post-graduate courses/talks on MFPS. There was a 100% response from dentists indicating their willingness to attend post-graduate courses/talks on MFPS. The results indicated that the respondents, who felt that their curriculum regarding MFPS was sufficient, were more knowledgeable and more competent in diagnosing and managing MFPS. Overall, the average score for knowledge was 65.17%. Clinical features (78.85%) and the perpetuating and relieving factors (72.11%) scored the highest while causes (58.06%) and differential diagnoses (51.16%) scored the lowest knowledge levels. Respondents mostly made use of allopathic medical fields, and not of alternative medical fields, however a high number of respondents (73.1%) indicated that they would consider chiropractic co–management of patients with MFPS. CONCLUSION: This study adds new information in the South African context regarding dentists’ understanding of the myofascial component of TMDs. It also provides the dental profession with information about the knowledge and practices related to MFPS as well as information regarding the strengths and weaknesses on its educational component. It is recommended that dentists receive additional training on differential diagnoses and causes. It is also recommended that the chiropractic profession take this opportunity to offer courses/talks on MFPS and join forces with the dentistry profession on how they can assist in managing patients with MFPS.
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Ziebolz, Holger. "Mundgesundheitsstatus und Untersuchungen zur Auswirkung einer Botulinumtoxin-Injektionstherapie bei oromandibulären Dysfunktionen auf das stomatognathe System." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1276-2.
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Vediappan, Rajan Sundaresan. "Modifying Post-Surgical Wound Healing." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130740.
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“Surgery is a profession defined by its authority to cure by means of bodily invasion. The brutality and risks of opening a living person's body have long been apparent, the benefits only slowly and haltingly worked out”, says Atul Rawande on reviewing 200 yrs. of Surgery as a specialty in NEJM. My research focuses on working out these benefits, specifically looking at reduction of scar tissue formation in ENT, Abdominal & Spine surgery. Scar tissue formation is an outcome of healing process that can be excessive due to inflammation or infection and thereby has the ability to curtail the benefits or warrant revision surgery. Multiple strategies have been tested and employed thus far and none have given favourable results without causing additional harm or economic burden in health care costs. I propose to use a hydrogel synthesized by combining Chitosan and Dextran aldehyde -Chitin is an exoskeleton extracted polymer and Dextran Aldehyde a sugar, with added noveldrugs Deferiprone and Gallium Protoporphyrin providing additional anti scaring and antibiotic properties which could potentially augment the healing properties of the gel. I have conducted 3 types of studies. There are 2 animal studies and a Phase 1 Human clinical trial. The animal studies are an abdominal surgery rat model and a spine surgery sheep model. These studies show the safety and efficacy of this chitogel-drug combination at various dosages and illustrate the healing benefits of gel-drug combination.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 2021